Building a house: new construction technologies and materials. Introduction of new technologies in construction

Long gone are the days when the construction of houses was carried out according to a single technology - now everyone can choose the method that will allow them to build a low-rise building in accordance with individual preferences and in the shortest possible time. The same applies to the materials used to build a house - the modern supply market will satisfy any demand.

When the stage of erecting the foundation is left behind, the most exciting period of construction work begins. It's about building the walls of your future home. Indeed, literally brick by brick, the building will move from the category of fantasies and plans into reality.

Modern materials for the construction of houses allow you to build a solid building in short time, but first it is necessary to understand the theoretical side of this issue. For example, find out what technologies for building the walls of houses exist. It is also necessary to decide on the materials that will be used in the work. Today it is important to take care not only about the beauty and convenience of the future building, but also its environmental friendliness. It's no secret that many materials for the construction and decoration of walls can be hazardous to health, so it's better to study all possible types of environmentally friendly materials in advance.

This material presents a comparison of private house construction technologies and characterizes new, environmentally friendly materials.

Technology for the construction of individual houses "Izodom"

In modern construction, not ordinary and wood are increasingly used, but new-generation materials that meet the increased requirements for the quality and durability of the future home.

Walls built using Izodom technology are superior to many other building materials in terms of sound insulation, thermal conductivity, speed of construction work and, of course, strength.

In accordance with the Izodom house construction technology, load-bearing walls are erected from monolithic reinforced concrete and special formwork from building polystyrene foam. This technology refers to the methods of construction of a new generation, but it is worth noting that the materials used in it have passed many years and thoroughly tested for strength.

The fixed formwork used in the technology of building individual houses "Izodom" is made of solid expanded polystyrene. By design, it is a hollow blocks that are filled with concrete. They are interconnected according to the Lego principle with the help of special locks and prevent concrete from flowing out.

Unfilled blocks are practically weightless, and even a child can lift them. Building on this technology is easy and fast. For just one technological operation a monolithic concrete wall is being erected, which is protected from the inside and outer side heat and sound insulating shell made of expanded polystyrene.

Bearing walls must have heat and sound insulation, and a margin of safety. To give them these parameters, it is necessary to exclude the use of porous building material, which can lead to a loss of heat-shielding properties, and also to increase the thickness of the wall, which in turn will lead to big expense material. Styrofoam only 5 cm thick can replace concrete wall 2.5 m thick and at the same time will meet all the specified requirements.

Technology for building houses "Tise" (with video)

It is in human nature to strive for the best. In the field of construction, this is reflected in the constant search for the most economical technologies. Today, a new technology for building houses TISE, or TISE, has gained great popularity. This popularity is connected, first of all, with its extraordinary cheapness. In addition, when using TISE methods in construction, no special tools and equipment are needed; the building can be erected gradually and in your free time.

For the construction of the foundation and walls according to the technology for the construction of private houses TISE, special blocks and adjustable formwork are required. The technology is extremely simple. Special forms are laid on the prepared foundation, Bottom part which has protrusions, which in turn capture the bottom row of blocks. It does not require the use masonry mortar, just moisten the bottom row of blocks with water. This cuts down on purchasing costs. additional materials. In addition, laying is done very quickly. On a summer day, before laying the next row, you need to wait 4 hours, and at other times of the year - a day. The walls are reinforced with road or welded non-metallic mesh.

Thus, when using the TISE walling technology, neither a large construction site, nor electricity, nor specialized equipment and machinery are required. It is enough to have two hands, a head on your shoulders and purchase special blocks and formwork.

This video demonstrates the technology for building TISE houses:

What other technologies are used to build houses?

Behind last years do-it-yourself house building technologies have evolved. New techniques are gaining popularity that allow you to build a house quickly, efficiently and inexpensively.

Modules.

The module is finished item which consists of walls and ceilings. Such a module is made at a construction plant, that is, at construction site this element is already fully assembled, with engineering communications carried out, with inserted window and doorways. The module is installed on a finished foundation or on other modules and attached using special fasteners.

Monolithic frame.

Hard monolithic frame until recently it was used only in construction multi-storey buildings, but modern technologies make it possible to use this system in low-rise construction. Advantages of a monolithic-frame building technology- this is reliability, speed of construction and a long service life of the structure - up to two hundred years.

Heat efficient blocks.

Large heat-efficient blocks have been used in construction relatively recently, but it is already possible to identify a number of advantages of their use, the main of which is the speed of building walls. Heat-efficient blocks are materials of a new generation and consist of two layers of concrete, which are framed by 10 cm of expanded polystyrene. The blocks are interconnected with the help of fiberglass reinforcing rods.

Sandwich panels.

Sandwich panels consist of several layers various materials. These panels are large enough to allow construction works quickly and efficiently. This is one of the best technologies for building private houses. If we compare the brick and the latest building construction, which include sandwich panels, the use of the latter allows to reduce the time for erecting walls by 10 times. The panels are fastened with special butt locks to a pre-prepared frame. The frame is made of wood, metal and reinforced concrete structures. Joints are sealed polyurethane foam or aluminum foil. Structures can be dismantled easily and quickly at any time. In addition, with the help of sandwich panels, it is possible to veneer already finished house to boost it thermal insulation properties.

What are the best materials used to build houses?

In the construction of houses, you can use a variety of materials, for the benefit of modern market there is no shortage of them. But will life in such a house be comfortable and healthy? It is no secret that some materials are made using toxic components. Therefore, the construction of a "healthy" home begins with the search for modern environmentally friendly materials.

Ground block.

It consists of cement, peat, ash, sawdust and needles. Due to the fact that it contains cement, it is resistant to moisture. Alternatively, you can use unstabilized soil blocks, which are made from the soil itself. This is one of the most the best materials for the construction of houses, as it has high strength, low thermal conductivity, fire resistance and low cost.

Geokar.

The basis for its composition is peat processed into a paste, as well as straw, shavings, sawdust. All components are carefully dried and formed into blocks. There will be no mold and rodents in the geocar house. In addition, it has durability, high heat capacity and sound insulation.

Kerpen.

Speaking about what material is better for building a house, you should definitely talk about kerpen. It belongs to the materials of a new generation and is made from natural raw materials. The ecological properties of kerpen are comparable to ordinary glass. The material has frost resistance, durability, moisture resistance and is resistant to atmospheric pressure drops. If you want to have a truly ecological clean house, use natural materials. No, you are not invited to build a hut from reeds or straw, although they are part of many materials. Stop your choice on shell rock, chalk, limestone, wood or adobe. In addition, rubble or cobblestone are successfully used in construction.

Pink artik tuff.

This ultra-modern material for building houses has not yet become widespread. Meanwhile, it is durable and frost-resistant. Tuff is used only for the construction of low-rise buildings.

Clay fired brick.

When choosing a material for building a house, one should not forget about clay kiln bricks. This is a modern counterpart of ordinary brick, but in terms of its properties it is more suitable for a person. It has good heat capacity, thermal conductivity, strength, water resistance and fire resistance.

Zidarite.

Zidarite is used in frame-monolithic construction as a formwork. This one of the best materials for building a private house includes wood (89%), cement (10%), water and liquid glass (1%).

Fiberboard.

Like zidarite, fibrolite is used in monolithic construction as a formwork for creating ceilings, partitions and interior decoration. This modern material for the construction of private houses. Consists of a filler, a sealer and a binder component. The main advantages of fiberboard are fire resistance, sound insulation and, of course, environmental friendliness of the material.

Home building tools

New, modern technologies for building houses allow you to build walls with your own hands using a minimum of tools. Judge for yourself: it is enough for the master to have at hand:

• a drill with a nozzle or a concrete mixer - for the preparation of adhesive and masonry mortar;
• bucket for applying the solution;
• various improvised tools: rubber hammer, level, plumb line, hacksaw, spatula, brushes for sweeping debris, shovels and buckets;
• optical level or theodolite;
• power tool: circular saw, electric planer.

As you can see, in our age high technology nothing supernatural is required for construction. The main thing is to use the tools and materials for building a house wisely.

Anyone who decides to start building their own country house, may simply be confused by the abundance of technologies that exist today. Advertisements literally dazzle them with loud names - Finnish, Canadian, American, German, etc. What are modern technologies for the construction of private houses, and which one to choose? Let's try to understand this issue.

Foreign experience

Many of us are aware traditional technologies construction. However, along with their use, our developers are increasingly adopting foreign experience in the construction of buildings. That is why, before the construction of a house is started, new construction technologies, which are sometimes more economical and efficient, must be studied by all means.

To begin with, it is worth noting that individual houses in my own way constructive scheme are divided into the following:

Wall, including block and wooden, monolithic and panel;
- frame, built on the basis of PSTC and wood;
- modular.

Consider all these modifications and the modern building technologies and materials used in their construction in more detail.

Wooden log cabins

It is this natural material that is traditional. It has been used in the construction of houses for more than one century. And today, the construction of residential low-rise buildings from an array remains a very popular technology, despite its high cost.

Currently under construction wooden houses used:

1. Round wood. It used to be the most cheap material. That is why it was used in the construction of residential buildings. However, today it is almost impossible to find such a specialist who would perform felling with high quality.

2. Profiled timber. The use of this building material, which has natural humidity, was an attempt to reduce the cost of finishing the house. On the faces of such a beam (upper and lower), a groove and a tenon are profiled. Interventsovy sealant keeps within them. Some manufacturers also perform comb profiling. The presence of these elements does not allow the beam to twist, which prevents the displacement of the laid material.

3. Round log. This material is similar to profiled timber. Only him corner connections made in the factory using special equipment and washed down "in a cup." Such material is a budget alternative to a log house.

4. Glued timber. This is an expensive material, the construction of a house from which costs about twice as much as when using galvanized. The main advantage of such buildings is the absence of shrinkage. However, it should be borne in mind that a house whose walls are made of glued laminated timber does not “breathe”.

AT recent times in Europe and in Russia began to find its application modern technology building a house when wooden log cabins are performed from vertical bar. The Alps became the birthplace of such a development.

Houses in which the vertical arrangement of the timber is provided are assembled like a designer. In the building material itself, holes are pre-drilled in which air is located. It is due to him that the walls of such houses have excellent thermal insulation properties and do not shrink. Is it worth it to go this way when building a house? New construction technologies are sometimes not without drawbacks. The method of erecting walls with vertical arrangement timber. Among them it is worth noting:

The impossibility of arranging the attic due to the small slope of the roof;
- the occurrence of cracks during the shrinkage of the tree, which subsequently will have to be periodically caulked;
- no possibility of replacement lower crown when it rots.

block houses

Today, private housing, as a rule, is built from this material. After all, the blocks are cheaper compared to wood and have a standard coefficient of resistance to heat transfer.

For the construction of this type of houses used:

Brick;
- foam concrete;
- aerated concrete;
- ceramic brick/block;
- gas silicate;
- wood concrete.

Despite the fact that private developers still use bricks in large volumes, modern building blocks. So, wood concrete is an interesting building material. It is 90% wood chips. The remaining 10% is hardener and high grade cement. Physical Properties wood concrete allow you to compare it with a tree. This is a low thermal conductivity similar to natural material, good sound insulation and provision of air exchange. Wood concrete walls do not require additional insulation. Them optimum thickness while it is 38 cm.

Considering the latest building technologies and materials, it is worth mentioning ceramic block. Wood shavings are added to its composition during manufacture. As a result of its gradual burnout during technological process in the blocks there is the formation of voids filled with air. It is also an excellent heat insulator. Interestingly, this modern material is capable, unlike cellular concrete, of accumulating heat.

Panel houses

For the construction of this type of structure, SIP panels connected to each other are used. They are the supporting element of the entire structure.

SIP panels have a multi-layer construction. They consist of 2 OSB boards separated by a layer of expanded polystyrene. The walls of such a house do not require additional insulation. And you can build them in the shortest possible time.

This technology is usually used in the construction of houses intended for temporary residence (for example, cottages).

Monolithic housing

This technology provides for the arrangement of either removable or fixed formwork. In those places where walls will be erected, blocks with cavities are installed. They are filled with concrete and reinforced. Such walls do not require additional insulation.

Fixed formwork is made from:

chip-cement slabs;
- fiber cement boards;
- panels from expanded polystyrene sheets.

As for cement fiberboard, it is a composition in which mineralized chips and cement are located. In its properties, it is very similar to a tree, differing from natural material low degree of flammability.

Removable formwork during construction monolithic houses usually applied from laminated plywood. It is installed before the foam concrete hardens, after which it is removed and transferred to new site walls. This technology is considered quite economical, but at the same time labor-intensive.

frame houses

Technologies for the construction of low-rise buildings may be more common or used quite rarely. This, for example, is used in the construction of 60-90% of individual houses in countries Western Europe. Construction technology frame house involves the construction of a metal or wooden frame of the building. The openings are filled with the most different materials. Among them are:

Various heaters;
- panels (OSB, DSP and others);
- gypsum boards of increased durability;
- sandwich panels;
- foam concrete.

This technology came to us relatively recently. However, despite this, it is rapidly gaining popularity due to the speed of construction of houses and their efficiency.

The technology for building a frame house involves the use of materials such as glued or solid wood. When erecting a metal frame, steel is used, which is coated with zinc or aluminum zinc for greater stability.

In the West, the technology of building houses with a PSTC frame has been used for half a century. To date, in Canada and the United States, it has completely replaced the wood frame method.

The introduction of new technologies in construction is constantly taking place in Russia. Thus, the Russian program "Dilapidated housing" is supposed to evict people from barracks to new ones. To carry out these activities, metal-frame houses are being built. The first private dwellings of this type appear in our country.

Modular houses

Such structures are completely manufactured in factories. After that, they are brought to the place of construction of housing and installed on foundations, usually piled.

What is the construction of a house like this? New construction technologies make it possible to create a finished box with interior and exterior decoration, in which all the necessary communications have already been laid. A finished house is delivered to the site. In order to live in it, it remains only to connect the communications available in it to external networks.

This technology was born in the USA. In this country in the 50s of the 20th century. implemented Government program, within which the mass construction of individual one-story residential buildings began. The modules were produced by automobile factories. Relatively recently, this technology began to be used in Russia.

Foundation construction using TISE technology

As you know, the quality of the foundation of the house will largely depend on its reliability and durability. That is why the way it is built is so important.

Today, there is a technology for building the foundation of a house, which is called "adjustable formwork", or "folk". Unlike many other methods that have come to us from abroad, it is purely Russian invention. The main advantage of this technology is the possibility independent holding works, which is especially important when building a private house with your own hands.

What are the main features this method? A similar technology is used in the construction of pile or columnar foundations. Another option is their variety with a grillage. The main working tool in this case is a drill, which is specially designed for this technology.

The foundation walls are built from hollow blocks, the formation of which is carried out directly at the construction site. For this, formwork modules are taken, which only need to be rearranged from time to time. They are fixed on the segment where the wall will be installed. After that, the solution is loaded into the modules. After it dries, the modules are dismantled and installed in a new area.

Experience of Finnish builders

Recently, manufacturers are increasingly adapting to the prevailing in the country economic conditions. As a result, there has been an increase in the number of companies offering their customers budget options housing in which the Finnish technology of building a house is used. At the same time, such a structure will have all the qualities necessary for it.

Differences Finnish technology are that it provides for the following:

Use for ceilings and walls only natural building materials in the form of glued beams, edged board, plywood and mineral insulation;
- the construction of a not too deep and large foundation due to the low weight of the structure;
- building gable roof to ensure rapid snowmelt, which reduces the cost of purchasing roofing materials and significantly accelerates the pace of construction;
- construction of one- or one-and-a-half-story housing, which will allow the owners to save on heating.

According to experts, houses built using Finnish technology can last more than a hundred years.

Technologies of German builders

Houses built in Germany are characterized, first of all, by the use of high-quality materials that can stand for many years. That's why german technology construction of houses is becoming more and more popular in our country.

It involves building frame houses with a wooden "skeleton" and insulated panels laid in it, capable of withstanding the most severe winters. The main advantage of this technology is the speed of construction of buildings.

The house is being built in just a few months. At the same time, it has the following advantages:

Warmth through conduction proper thermal insulation, which will significantly save on its heating in winter;
- long term operation;
- environmental safety due to the use of environmentally friendly environment materials;
- aesthetic appeal, which is characterized by minimalism;
- simplicity and ease of operation in connection with the thoughtfulness of the layout of the rooms.

3D technology

Relatively recently, engineers in many countries of the world began to develop construction printers, the use of which would allow for the quick and at the same time inexpensive construction of residential low-rise buildings. In connection with what become possible low costs for such housing? The fact is that the solution used to create a house, which is produced by a construction 3D printer, consists of waste from the construction industry. After grinding, they are mixed with cement. A similar dwelling with an area of ​​​​two hundred square meters will have a cost of less than 5 thousand dollars. That is why such houses are especially relevant for low-income people.

What is the essence of this technology? It lies in the fact that a construction 3D printer receives a task through a computer to create a configuration of a building or structure. This allows the nozzle, from which an elastic and at the same time thick solution is continuously supplied, to move along a certain trajectory. She is the outline. future design. As it travels its path, the construction printer builds up the contour layer by layer in height. In this case, the walls turn out to be hollow. Their thickness is 30 cm. The internal spaces are to be reinforced and filled with foam concrete. Thus, a very durable and at the same time warm and economical house is obtained.

So, we examined how the construction of a house is carried out today. New construction technologies often reduce costs, but do not impair quality.

The evolution of housing construction over the past decades has made it possible to radically change the idea of ​​​​comfortable, safe and functional housing. Implementation automated systems, improving the efficiency of engineering and unsurpassed technical and physical properties of building materials - these are the key areas in which modern house construction is developing. New construction technologies are also actively absorbing innovative solutions from related fields.

The development of alternative approaches to production processes, electrical know-how, as well as scientific discoveries leave their mark on technological solutions in the construction industry. At the same time, development covers almost all existing niches - from foundation laying methods to power tools and finishing materials.

block formwork

As you know, the foundation of the house is the foundation. To obtain a strong and reliable structure, it must have an appropriate platform. The principles on which the construction of houses is carried out using the new technology of block (or fixed) formwork involve several directions. One of the most popular in Russia is the formation of formwork from polystyrene hollow elements with

The design feature is that the load from the walls is transferred to a monolithic reinforced concrete base - the formwork itself includes slabs, block components, as well as lightweight panels. By the way, the latter do not require removal after the concrete has hardened, and provide two functions: heat-insulating and shaping.

In addition to polystyrene foam materials, the new technology for building houses also allows the use of wood-cement structures made from slabs and blocks. In the manufacture of such formwork, cement and coniferous chips from woodworking waste are used, which is also reflected in environmental qualities building.

Thermohouse

A vivid illustration of the advantages of using polystyrene foam and block formwork is a thermal house. It provides for the device of a monolithic concrete base, which is implemented due to insulated molded components. It is obvious that new technologies for the construction of private houses in cold regions require increased thermal insulation, which is provided by polystyrene foam elements.

These are hollow thermoblocks, in the niches of which concrete mortar. This forms a 15 cm monolithic wall, which has double-sided insulation polystyrene panels 5 cm thick.

3D technologies in construction

Not to mention the fact that the use of three-dimensional modeling has been practiced for many years in the development of interior design projects and the preparation technical documentation, today directly 3D material is gaining popularity. Special panels that protrude link between monolithic and allowed to master new technologies. Materials in construction based on 3D panels can be thought of as factory-made polystyrene foam elements.

By design, they resemble ordinary stoves, but enclosed in a braid of two running in parallel. Connections in the panels are formed by diagonal rods made of stainless or galvanized wire. The fixation of the rods occurs at an angle - in this way the polystyrene base breaks through, which creates a spatial cavity along with reinforcing meshes. In its final form, such a system is covered with concrete and looks like a one-piece monolithic structure.

The innovation of frame housing construction

The name of this technique among specialists may be associated with sets of prefabricated elements from which the rapid construction of a house is carried out. New building technologies have undoubtedly succeeded in this area, but in the case of frame know-how, something else is important.

The design of such buildings provides for the dilution of the load from the walls and components that provide a load-bearing function. That is, the first ones in this case do not act as a retaining element - this task is shifted to the vertical frame by a fundamentally new technology for building houses according to the frame principle, thanks to which new opportunities open up for builders in the construction of walls, since one of the key functions (bearing) disappears.

Smart home idea

Perhaps the most relevant area, which is being developed the largest producers and construction organizations. According to the concept of a "smart" home, the living space is optimized as much as possible both in terms of energy efficiency and ease of use.

Since there are risks of a significant rise in the cost of such projects, companies tend to focus on economical construction Houses. New construction technologies from different areas make it possible to combine communication systems, security devices, lighting equipment, electrical appliances and other elements to ensure functionality and comfort into a single infrastructure. Relationship individual systems, implemented in one complex, greatly facilitates the operation of the house and optimizes the consumption of its resources.

Innovations in lighting technology

At this stage of development lighting fixtures clearly stands out LED products. This is confirmed by the massive transition to Led-lighting of industrial and public facilities, however, private sector shows interest in a profitable source of light. The use of new technologies in construction is especially pronounced. country houses which are the most energy intensive. Comprehensive supply of cottages with LED devices saves up to 50%, while maintaining high performance and quality of lighting. In the latest models of LED lamps, manufacturers use fundamentally new solutions - for example, they introduce polycarbonate and aluminum elements into the body, and the base of the lamp is provided with prismatic diffusers.

Tool and equipment

In these areas, product improvement is driven by fierce competition in the market. Convenience, efficiency and safety in operation construction tool increased due to the introduction of new clamps of the processing heads, more reliable cutting components, high-power batteries, anti-vibration systems, etc. Ergonomics is not ignored either - manufacturers use special compositions of plastic and rubber in the tool, which simplifies construction. New technologies, new equipment and a wide range of auxiliary systems make it possible to carry out repair and installation operations safely, quickly and efficiently.

"Green" technologies

Technological progress in construction can no longer be imagined without composite and synthetic materials. Despite the manufacturers' assurances of the absolute safety of such products, the true environmental friendliness of the house is possible only if natural raw materials are used. For all their exoticism, designs of structures made of adobe, clay, earth and other materials are in demand and are being improved. The foundation is made on the basis of harmless concrete, and shingles, reeds, straw, etc. are used in the roofing.

The concept of the project also seems very original. Foxy burrow' - in essence, he assumes earthworks Houses. New construction technologies here can be considered as the very idea of ​​maximum approximation to nature. Less radical options for eco-houses include structures that minimize the use of potent mixtures, coatings, plastic cladding and other non-natural building materials.

Housing development trends

It is difficult to single out or outline at least approximate directions that may be continued in the future. There are quite a lot of them, and the close interconnection of different approaches in direct construction does not allow us to distinguish between technology specializations. For example, entry fiberglass reinforcement entails changes in the foundation construction methods, and the application imposes new requirements on the fixing elements. It follows from this that the latest technologies in construction are aimed at achieving specific task taking into account and development of related areas.

It is also impossible to predict what construction will be like in 20-50 years. Today, the use of some space technologies is entering the practice, gunpowder tools are appearing - perhaps these areas will soon lay the foundation for new housing construction concepts, leaving behind the once revolutionary "warm" floor, polycarbonate alloys and vinyl wallpapers. But in any case, the latest technologies in construction will be focused on a completely traditional set of characteristics. modern home- energy efficiency, comfort and ergonomics, reliability and durability, safety and economy. Development technologies are brought under such requests building mixtures, block materials, equipment, etc.

In recent years, new technologies for building cottages have appeared almost daily: in addition to the fact that the speed of building a house has significantly increased (if earlier this process could take a couple of years, now it really can take a month), builders rely on the environmental friendliness of the materials used. We have prepared small review the latest world developments, which are gradually beginning to take root in the Russian space.

frame construction

Houses on a metal or wooden frame first appeared in Europe in the late 60s, and since then this technology has been one of the most popular in the world. The house is actually assembled, like a constructor, from finished panels that are produced at the factory; panels can be wooden (from glued beams), polyurethane foam, aerated concrete. This is the most fast way get a new one warm house in the shortest possible time. In recent years, there has been general interest Canadian technology EcoPan and domestic NESST - we will talk about them below.

EcoPan

This technology involves the use of heat-insulating panels for the roof, walls and floors, consisting of three layers ("sandwich" structure): two pressed wood chip boards (OSB) are connected to each other by a layer of insulation, the function of which is performed by solid polystyrene foam.

Peculiarities

A house using Ecopan technology can be built on any foundation: first a wooden frame is installed (boards or beams are used; however, you can do without a frame if you use panel-panel technology). Then panels of three begin to be assembled on the frame. various kinds- the thickest (about 200 mm) for the roof and walls, and thinner (100-150 mm) for internal floors. In this case, the main supporting function will be performed not by the frame, but by OSB boards: due to the fact that the chip layers in their structure are oriented perpendicular to each other and are pressed at high temperatures, one such plate can withstand the same load as a beam 70-80 cm thick (tested by laboratory tests).

Advantages

Our compatriots still do not really trust "imported houses", preferring the logic "the thicker the walls - the warmer the house". Meanwhile, in the northern states of the United States and Canada, the average annual temperature is sometimes lower than in middle lane Russia, and the cold wind and snow storms are frequent guests in the autumn and winter period. However, frame technology successfully proved itself even in adverse weather conditions: the plates are hermetically adjusted to each other during assembly, and the house can be safely operated in a wide temperature range, from frost to -45 degrees Celsius to forty degrees of heat.

In addition, when assembling such a house, all communications are mounted on the wall, so you immediately get a cozy and aesthetic home. If you started a repair, then it is easy to dismantle the OSB inner slab, get to the pipe or cable, and then install it back - the heat-insulating properties of the house will not be violated. And, of course, unlike log houses, the design of the walls allows the use of any interior and facade finishes.

In addition to heat resistance and practicality, one of the most attractive advantages is the speed of assembly of the EcoPan house: different developers give a period of one and a half to three months with a guarantee of quality and reliability. The sizes of houses are also not limited by anything: both standard 6 * 6 and 8 * 8, and any other parameters; OSB boards are made in different size, the maximum is about 7.5 * 3 m.

What about cost? Here we can also please future owners: according to estimates, the construction of an Ecopan frame-and-slab house will cost 1.5-2 times cheaper than the construction of a brick or cobbled house similar area.

LSTK (NESST technology)

This is one of the types frame construction based metal structures: on the steel frame from the outside over drywall sheets facade plates are mounted, which can be made of any material: fake diamond(fibre-reinforced concrete), a natural stone, professional sheet, wooden beam, siding, cassettes and any other materials at the request of the customer.

Peculiarities

After installing the LSTK frame inner space walls and voids are filled with expanded polystyrene or foam concrete high density: thanks to its finely porous structure, it provides excellent heat and sound insulation, and also practically does not accumulate water at any level of air humidity (which, for example, cannot boast of ordinary tree, which in winter time collects up to 3 liters of water per cubic meter).

Communication channels and ventilation ducts are also laid in the voids of the frame, while with a conclusion to inner part Houses. Formwork is glass magnesite sheet: environmentally friendly and hypoallergenic, it provides additional thermal insulation and is suitable for any finish - painting, wallpapering, etc.

The roof is also assembled from galvanized steel profiles, often in combination with wooden rafters. As roofing material ceramic (soft) tiles or metal tiles can be used.

Advantages

The main advantage of NESST, which determines its virtually universal use in office and industrial construction, is the speed of construction finished house- perhaps this is the fastest type of construction technology. Average term turnkey houses - about 5 days, almost all parts are produced according to individual drawings at the factory; no lifting gear is required.

Compared to other types of frame construction, LSTK installation will allow you to realize almost any architectural ideas using a single material for the entire building: build an additional floor or add a terrace, design curved and asymmetric surfaces, as well as crossbars, columns, arches and bay windows. A smooth, leveled surface of the walls will save you from additional hassle during repairs.

It is impossible not to note the economic benefits: in addition to the fact that you will significantly save on construction (when compared with brick houses), polystyrene concrete filler has very high thermal insulation properties, which will reduce heating costs and provide comfortable temperature in any season. In addition, LSTC walls are vapor-permeable, seismically resistant and non-combustible.

Frameless technologies

Frameless technologies are already familiar to many of us from urban high-rise construction: due to the use of large panels, the need for additional supporting structures is eliminated, the system of walls and ceilings in itself is an excellent load-bearing support. But gradually the construction of concrete and gas silicate blocks gives way to environmentally friendly technologies using plant materials - reeds and even straw. Are such houses really reliable?

Reed panels

Houses based on interlayers of reeds have been known to mankind for at least five thousand years: it is known that in Asia Minor reed huts were built on the basis of hollow wooden frames, the cavities in which were filled with bundles of reeds - such a house retained heat for a surprisingly long time and at the same time did not dampen, good air permeability. Modern builders decided to take on board the technologies developed in antiquity, they tried to add reed stalks to both concrete and cement, and eventually developed wood-frame panels called "reed".

The design of the panel is a "sandwich": two wood boards are laid between each other in bundles of reeds, and the cavities are filled with rigid polyurethane foam, which combines lightness and excellent thermal insulation properties. Such a "union" of plant base and modern materials is not afraid of dampness or fire and is not subject to decay.

Peculiarities

Almost the entire mass of the panel falls on the wood frame, and even so, the weight of the structure is small: the mass of one square meter does not exceed 40 kilograms. Thanks to this, a lightweight foundation can also be suitable for installation, and lifting equipment is not required. Moreover, due to the presence wooden frame as part of the panels, they can independently perform a load-bearing function.

The speed of assembling the house will also pleasantly surprise future owners: two-storey house with total area about 100 square meters the construction team builds a maximum of a week of work.

The design withstands earthquakes up to 9 points. When the house is destroyed, the panels retain their integrity, and due to their low weight they are safe for people's lives. Unlike most technologies for the construction of prefabricated low-rise buildings, reed panels have high level sound absorption. All characteristics are confirmed by State Unitary Enterprise "NII MOSSTROY".

Advantages

Combination thermal insulation materials allows you to significantly save on heating in the cold season - in comparison with brick buildings, 60-70% less fuel is spent on heating; at the same time, the house steadily keeps heat when the heating is turned off (about 3-5 days), and in hot weather In the rooms, on the contrary, a pleasant coolness is maintained.

Secondly, careful treatment with flame retardants and antifungal compounds, combined with the natural resistance of reeds to water and decay, makes reed panels virtually universal material, suitable for any climatic conditions and any soil: successful experience has already been gained in building houses on this basis in the Far North. If desired, the house can be easily completed with any elements (new floor, attic, extension, etc.) or disassembled and transported to a new location.

An ordinary house with a height of one to three floors looks like it was assembled from wooden shields, exterior finish involves painting, plastering, siding or brick cladding - in principle, the panels are compatible with any finishing materials. At a relatively low cost, manufacturers provide an excellent home service guarantee: at least 60 years; this allows us to conclude that the "well-forgotten old" can indeed be trusted.

Durisol

In Europe, the technology for the production of formwork blocks based on natural wood and stone has been known since the late 30s of the last century: it was developed in Holland and quickly became widespread in northern countries. Subsequently, Durisol blocks began to be used not only as formwork, but also as an independent Basic structure that does not require additional support.

Peculiarities

Durisol block production technology is as follows; chipped wood conifers(pine, spruce, fir) is mineralized and fastened with Portland cement M400. Depending on the thickness of the block, which usually varies from 150 to 370 mm, Durisol blocks can be used for the construction of almost any building elements: from external walls to interior partitions.

The assembly is carried out according to the principle of a constructor or a 3D puzzle: the blocks are connected to each other by special protrusions and grooves, sequentially along the contour of the wall from the corner - no adhesive mortar is required. Portland cement is poured after the blocks are assembled, as a result, the cavities are filled heat-insulating material and "cold bridges" are eliminated.

Advantages

This is where we get all the benefits natural materials: hypoallergenic and non-toxic, porous structure that allows air to pass through and retains heat. Additional bonuses are the properties of conifers: the resins contained in their composition prevent decay, the development of pathogenic bacteria and mold on the surface of the plate. At the same time, processing with flame retardants and mineralization of wood chips practically negates the combustibility of the material. Soundproof characteristics are also very good: the 15 cm thick plate provides up to 98% noise absorption.

From the point of view of construction, Durisol also proved to be excellent: firstly, special qualifications of workers are not required, and the lightness of the blocks does not require the use of lifting equipment. Work can be carried out at any time of the year, including in winter: the slabs can withstand up to 400 cycles of temperature changes without loss of properties (for example: the first houses built in Europe using this technology before the war are still in excellent condition). At the same time, the material is easily cut and drilled for laying. engineering communications and pipes, and also allows any kind of interior and exterior decoration.

And again, as in the case of the previous technologies we have described, the cost of building such a house will be at least 20-30% lower than traditional brick or log masonry; Therefore, once again we urge you to think - is it worth unconditionally following "grandfather's" advice?

Experiments continue!

These are far from the only possible experiments in the field of cottage construction: for example, literally in the last decade, the technology of building houses based on straw blocks, additionally reinforced with piles or wooden stakes, has become widespread. This technique is very similar to the reed construction described above, and in terms of heat-saving and energy-saving properties thatched houses also show excellent results. However, so far only very brave people have decided on such options - perhaps the straw does not inspire confidence in everyone who remembers the fairy tale "Three Little Pigs".

There are also piece, extravagant solutions like a house made of beer cans or glass - however, they have not yet gained popularity. It can be assumed that in the near future we will be able to see new options for cottage construction technologies.

Construction technologies are improving at an incredible pace, which cannot be said about residential buildings under construction. But recently created new building materials, which several times reduce the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere by residential buildings, increase their heat saving, and greatly reduce maintenance costs.

In recent years, several new self-healing materials have already been created, and revolutionary methods for heating and cooling buildings have been developed. New technologies are being introduced that allow homes, like plants, to clean up the environment from urban smog.

1. New building material - energy efficient 3D printed brick with cooling

One of new technologies in construction is a brick that is made from ceramic using the Cool Brick technology developed by Emerging Objects. It has a fine, multi-porous structure, various sizes and shapes. Walls made of these bricks are mesh, which is an excellent alternative to traditional air conditioning in hot, dry climates.

The fact is that Cool Brick, in fact, is a sponge consisting of many pores that absorb moisture, that is, they are practically filled with water. passing through her hot air, absorbing moisture, cools well.

The method developed by this company allows printing ceramic bricks using a 3D printer. At the same time, the construction, built of this brick, allows you to fully implement traditional method independent room cooling.

Fig.1 New building material - brick with cooling

It certainly sounds like science fiction, but this technology already exists. Visually, it may seem that a building built according to this system does not have much beauty, but this is only at first glance. There is something exotic about him. This appearance of the building is given by biodynamic white concrete, capable of absorbing smog particles from the atmosphere, converting them into inert salt. That's how it goes complete cleansing from environmental smog.

Fig. 2 New technologies in construction - buildings that absorb smog

The first house in the world to provide electricity generated by algae was built in the German city of Hamburg. The building was built as an experimental building and is used by a testing center that develops new ideas for the city's energy supply.

Thanks to new technologies in construction, on the facade of this building there are biological reactors with seaweeds in them, which are constantly blown by the air that supplies them carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Algae are given all the conditions similar to their permanent marine habitat. In the warm period of the year, especially in direct sunlight, algae begin their intensive growth, creating an ordinary shade and generating electricity, as well as biomass for food. The result is excellent energy savings.

Fig.3 New technologies in construction - alternative energy algae

When designing the construction of a building, the question of its durability is almost constantly raised. No one has the desire to spend huge amounts of money and spend time on its major reconstruction. But researchers from Holland managed to solve this problem. They managed to develop the new kind construction white cement , which can spontaneously regenerate with the help of a certain type of bacteria and calcium lactate.

Fig.4 New building material - self-healing concrete

The SolTech company from Switzerland has developed a unique glass roof tile for covering the roofs of buildings. At the same time, solar cells built into the tile, through which the sun's rays pass, are used to heat water, and it, in turn, is used for the heating system and generation electrical energy. Thanks to this quality of a glass tile, solid economy of the electric power when using turns out. Also read about rubber shingles.

Fig. 5 New technologies in construction - glass tile roofing

Everyone knows such a product, donated by nature, like a mushroom. But no one knows that he can also be good new building material. For example, Ecovative developed and implemented a method to build the world's first mushroom mycelium house. With a width of 2.1 meters and a length of 3.6 meters, the house fits freely in a car trailer.

Fig. 6 New building material - mushroom house

The company sees the mushroom as a sustainable, environmentally friendly building material. In addition, the fungus is quite fire resistant, has the qualities of good noise protection, and an excellent insulation. Read about the advantages and disadvantages of various heaters.