Chipboard: production technology. How to laminate plywood at home

Furniture production is perhaps the second most profitable, after construction. But at present, the furniture production segment in Russia is quite well occupied - a novice entrepreneur will have to make considerable efforts to enter the market.

However, many novice entrepreneurs forget that in some cases it is more profitable to engage in the production of raw materials, rather than its processing and production. finished products. This also applies to furniture production, so the production of materials for the manufacture of furniture is a more promising occupation than the actual production of furniture.

Laminated chipboard or laminated chipboard is by far the most popular material for furniture. The reason for this lies in the optimal combination of price and quality. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, including moisture resistance, laminated chipboard, of course, is somewhat inferior to wood, but the variety of textures, ease of processing and low cost are its undoubted advantages.

Indeed: some types of wood - for example, oak or beech, require long and costly processing and preparation, which significantly increases their cost, and laminated chipboard "under oak" or "beech" with a similar appearance is much cheaper.

In addition, the opening of a chipboard manufacturing business is accompanied by such a factor as a small number (and in some cities and even regions - a complete absence) of competitors and a vast sales market: after all, even if there are no large furniture factories, all products are simply dismantled by small and medium-sized industries, which tend to gradually enlarge, and hence increase the demand for laminated chipboard.

All of the above points make the production of laminated chipboard one of the most promising and cost-effective compared to many others.

Description of the production technology of laminated chipboard

As a laminating material for chipboard, special paper impregnated with urea-formaldehyde or melamine-formaldehyde resins is used.

The first option (urea-formaldehyde) is currently rarely used, as it is obsolete. The second - melamine-formaldehyde technology is now considered the most progressive and promising.

The actual lamination process can be divided into 4 technological stage, or stages.

The first stage is the preparation of chipboard

You need to know that for lamination, chipboard is used that meets certain technical parameters: a density of at least 0.65-0.7 g / cu. cm and humidity no more than 7-8%.

Such plates do not collapse and do not lose their structure during further pressing. Suitable slabs are sanded and after the end of this process and the removal of wood dust, a specific putty composition is applied to their surface.

The second stage is the preparation of the laminating material

For chipboard lamination paper-resin laminate is used. It is a special paper impregnated with synthetic resins. Moreover, such paper differs somewhat in appearance and properties.

The fact is that not one laminating layer is laid on the surface of a chipboard sheet, but at least three: the main, covering and finishing. Base paper has the greatest thickness and density: it provides mechanical strength Chipboard and its protection inner layers from moisture.

The covering layer of paper performs a decorative function - a pattern is applied to it. Finishing paper and a layer of varnish covering it increases the wear resistance of laminated chipboard and provides reliable protection from moisture.

The third stage of chipboard production is the assembly of "packages"

Actually “package” is the technical name of a chipboard sheet, coated on both sides with laminating layers of paper in a certain (main, covering and finishing layers) order. The packages "collected" in this way are shifted with polished steel or brass gasket sheets. This is done in order to level the surface of the chipboard.

The fourth stage of the production of laminated chipboard - pressing

At this stage, chipboard and laminating paper are pressed into a single whole - chipboard. It takes place at a temperature of 135-145°C and a maximum pressure of 1.5-2 MPa, which gradually decreases towards the end of the process in order to avoid deformation of the chipboard.

The pressing process itself lasts about 15 minutes: a few minutes before the completion of the operation, the press plates are not only slightly weakened, but also cooled with water. In some cases, to obtain a matte (grainy) surface and at the same time reduce the time spent on one pressing cycle.

Equipment for the production of chipboard

As you might guess, the main units for the production of laminated chipboard are an impregnating-drying machine for making laminating paper and a press for pressing chipboard with this paper.

In addition, to prepare chipboard for lamination, you will need a grinding machine, or, more correctly, a calibrating grinding machine. About the first two - a little lower, and regarding the last there are several important points which we will look at right now.

Grinding chipboard is the final stage of machining in the production process of chipboard itself, but it is no less important for the production of laminated chipboard - after all, how the laminating paper “falls” on it also depends on the quality of surface grinding. If there are irregularities and other technical inaccuracies on the surface of the chipboard blank sheet, as a result, the surface of the laminated chipboard will acquire a non-marketable appearance.

For sanding chipboard sheets manufacturing enterprises apply grinding machines, the selection of which takes into account such parameters as the working width, the number of grinding heads (usually 2, 4 or 6 grinding heads) and power.

According to these parameters, there is a spread in prices - from 440 to 995 thousand rubles. Accordingly, each such machine must always have an operator, since the grinding process requires continuous monitoring and increased attention from the technologist.

But purchasing your own impregnating-drying machine can be a problem: such specific equipment is available only on special orders, and, besides, existing manufacturers simply will not let you develop such a production.

In addition, rotogravure printing machines are used in the production of the cover layer for applying the pattern to the paper, which will have to be purchased separately. Of course, ideally, it is necessary to conclude the entire technological chain in one enterprise, but in this case it is better to get by with the purchase of finished laminating paper or PVC film, which is very cheap.

Regarding the press, it should be said that a conventional hydraulic or other press simply will not work for this production - you need to purchase a special “multi-storey”, i.e. with multiple pressure planes. Depending on the specifications prices also differ: there are analogues for 1975-2090 thousand rubles, but a better and more productive one will cost no less than 5570 thousand rubles.

Videos about the production of laminated chipboard

The shortage of natural wood for the production of inexpensive furniture led to the appearance of particle boards in the middle of the last century. This one is relatively cheap look lumber today is known to every homeowner.

European countries in the 40s of the last century used plywood and wood for the manufacture of furniture, but faced an increase in prices and insufficient supplies of these materials to their factories. German engineer Max Himmelheber worked for several years to create a durable and affordable composite material. According to the technology he developed, to create chipboard, they used sawdust and phenolic resins.

GOST 10632 89 regulates the content of free formaldehyde in 100 gr. chipboard of class E1 - up to 10 mg, class E2 - up to 30 mg.

Production consists of several stages:

• sawdust production;
• sorting and drying of raw materials;
• connecting chips with glue;
• carpet formation;
• hot pressing of plates;
• cooling;
• grinding and cutting;
• package.

1. Chip Receiving

For sawdust use any waste lumber. Non-commercial wood is freed from the bark, cut into meter-long pieces and placed in a pool for hydrotreatment. The chips in the machines are cut parallel to the wood fibers from half-meter pieces. More than half of the composition of the chipboard is large chips, from which the middle of the three layers is formed. The outer layers consist of finer high quality chips. The cut chips enter special mills, where they are split by hammers along the width and become smoother.

1. Drying

Sawdust from woodworking enterprises also comes to special bunkers for collecting chips. For drying, the chips enter the unit through the conveyor, where they are mixed and blown with hot air. Large particles are separated from normal particles and returned to the grinder.

1. Forming a carpet from shavings and glue

Dry chips are dosed into the mixer, glue is also fed there - synthetic resin. To ensure that the adhesive evenly covers the chips, it is sprayed with compressed air. Chips coated with glue are placed on a vibrating conveyor.

1. Pressing and cooling

The formation of the carpet takes place on four cold presses:

• the bottom layer of the carpet is formed in the first;
• the second and third press form the second layer of coarse chips;
• in the fourth press, the third, outer layer of the carpet is formed.

Further, the carpet of three layers falls on the sealing press, the thickness of the composite is reduced by a factor of three. The heated and moistened carpet goes under the hot press. The temperature in the chamber is 150 degrees Celsius, and the pressure is 20 kg per square centimeter of carpet.

Moisture, quickly evaporating under pressure, forms a steam boost. The steam penetrates every layer of the carpet, shortening its exposure to pressure.

When the pressing process is completed, the hot plate is cooled by a cold air stream. Finished slab is being polished.

Laminated chipboard (LDSP)

Thanks to the lamination, the slab receives a lining and does not need further finishing. The lamination process is not simple and consists of several stages:

• surface and paper preparation;
• create packages;
• press lamination.

Training

The polished surface of the plate is puttied and sanded again. For lamination, sulfate, sulfite and finishing paper is used. It can be plain or imitate the surface of a tree. The method of intaglio printing allows you to get a three-color pattern. Before lamination, the paper is impregnated with resins on special machines. Resins are absorbed into the paper, completely removing air from its surface. At first, a viscous liquid covers one side of the paper, air escapes from the other side, then the paper is completely immersed in the resinous substance. The resin-impregnated paper is dried in a convection chamber.

Creating packages

Before loading into the press, a package is formed from the following layers:

• chipboard sheet;
• paper base in the form large sheets on both sides of the sheet;
• decorative and finishing layers are laid only on the front side of the sheet;
• sheets of metal.

Several packages are loaded into the laminating installation, asbestos gaskets are laid between them.

Lamination of chipboard boards under pressure

Plates in packages are placed under a hydraulic press, where for 15 minutes they are exposed to a temperature of 135-210 degrees Celsius, and the pressure in the installation is 25-28 MPa.

Lamination at different enterprises is carried out using two technologies:

• using water vapor;
• without steam.

The process is completed by cooling, packaging, warehousing.

Other cladding methods

Laminating is the same lamination, but it is easier and faster. The surface of the slab is covered with glue, paper impregnated with resins is laid on it, and leveled with rollers. After that, the plate is sent under a cold or hot press.

The surface of the chipboard is covered with PVC films, but such a lining is more susceptible to mechanical damage. Another type of cladding is natural veneer coating, the process is similar to laminating.

All chipboard boards seem the same, but they are divided into types and grades, they can be fire and water resistant. The plates are relatively inexpensive, have a smooth surface, are durable: they do not dry out and do not twist, therefore they are universal material for the production of furniture.

Video material "Production of furniture chipboard":

Chipboard is one of the most budgetary materials, which is still not abandoned in the manufacture of furniture. In general, with proper design, interior items look like a worthy imitation of natural wood, bring their own flavor to the overall style. But ordinary chipboard is not suitable for this purpose. The plate looks unrepresentative. In addition, there is a risk of splinters if you carelessly touch the edge. Approximately 40 years ago, a technology was developed to obtain decorative surfaces using lamination. Consider how to laminate chipboard at home in more detail.

Features of obtaining chipboard

Chipboard (chipboard) is used for the manufacture of furniture items of the “medium” and “economy” classes. If the surface is covered with a decorative and protective material, then we are talking about laminated chipboard (LDSP).

For cladding chipboard used:

• The plastic is paper-layered, impregnated with a resin composition.
• Paper film impregnated with synthetic thermosetting resins.

In the production of laminated chipboard in the factory, a conveyor or short-cycle belt press is used. Under conditions of high pressure and temperature, the resin spreads over the surface and forms a strong solid web.

Important! Modern equipment that is used in enterprises makes it possible to achieve a realistic imitation of the texture of wood, textiles, and ornamental stone. LDSP is produced with a glossy, embossed surface, as well as with a 3D effect.

Alternative technologies:

1. Another technology is often confused with the lamination process decorating chipboard: laminating. In classical lamination, the resin is melted and then pressed. Laminating involves gluing. An adhesive is applied to the base, then a polymeric thermoplastic film or laminated paper is applied.

Important! Such material is less durable, can swell and deform. As for the laminated board, it is a single inseparable whole.

1. There is another technology that resembles lamination - veneering. Veneer is the thinnest layer of wood noble breed. The thickness of the veneer is from 2 mm. Gluing to the surface of the veneer is carried out using adhesive compositions: one- or two-component.

Important! The surface doesn't just look pretty. It is truly unique, as the natural pattern of the tree is preserved. Veneer is quite demanding in care. It can be painted, varnished, impregnated or waxed. If the coating peels off, experts recommend using a universal or carpentry adhesive.

1. Sometimes you can find such a definition as synthetic veneer. This is a paper canvas with a texture that imitates the unevenness of wood, impregnated with urea resin. Sometimes the surface is varnished.

Important! The material is durable, hard, identical to wood veneer to the touch.

Lamination, therefore, is the technology of “welding” decorated paper to a base using synthetic melted resins. The resulting surface is resistant to high temperatures, moisture and mechanical stress.

Do-it-yourself chipboard lamination methods

Of course, it is impossible to accurately reproduce the factory process of laminating chipboard with your own hands. If only because you have neither professional skills nor specialized equipment. In addition, the compositions used in industrial lamination contain toxic substances.

The best option is caching:

• Chipboard cladding with self-adhesive film. This - dense canvas made of synthetic material with an adhesive on the reverse side.

Important! It is enough to remove a layer of protective paper and stick the film to the surface. Air bubbles can be removed with a plastic spatula or soft cloth.

• Adhering a film of polymer material using universal adhesive. The glue is applied to the chipboard, it is not aged for long. Then the film is carefully glued. For better adhesion it is rolled with a roller or pressed down with a press.

Important! Of the two options, the second is more reliable. As practice shows, the self-adhesive has to be glued periodically or a new one has to be purchased. Savings are rather questionable. Best Option- purchase chipboard with industrial lamination.

How to laminate chipboard at home: laminating technology

This part of the article is dedicated to stubborn people who are used to doing everything on their own. So, the procedure for pasting a chipboard with a synthetic film is as follows:

• Slab cleaning and polishing. The result is an absolutely smooth and even surface.
• Surface primer with any composition for wood.
• Open the films. For this you will need: scissors, a pencil and a tape measure. You can get a perfectly even edge with a clerical knife and a guide.

Important! centimeter grid on reverse side film makes cutting more convenient.

• Separation of the film from the protective base, gluing it to the surface of the chipboard.

Important! To make the film lie more evenly, you need to smooth it with a clean, dry cloth from the center to the edges. If you blow the film with a regular hair dryer (in which case you will need an assistant), it will lay flatter.

Choice of film for lamination

The film, which is used when laminating chipboard with your own hands, is divided into the following categories:

• Melamine. Gives the material additional resistance to moisture and mechanical stress. Melamine film contains formaldehyde resin, which is a health hazard.
• PVC. Polymer material that does not contain toxic substances. This significantly improves the water resistance of the base. PVC film is great for interior decorating.
• Phenolic film. Compared to the two previous options, it is not very moisture resistant, but it significantly increases the wear resistance of materials.

Today for the production of furniture and decorative coatings are used various materials- Chipboard, fiberboard, MDF, solid wood. However, more and more manufacturers prefer to deal with chipboard. At the same time, many buyers are still confused by the abbreviation chipboard: what it is, how this material differs from the varieties mentioned above, and what are its advantages and disadvantages. The answers to these questions will be provided in this article.

You can see the similarity of the terms chipboard and chipboard. The latter stands for chipboard or chipboard. The abbreviation itself, although common, is not entirely correct. It would be more correct to write chipboard. This is about composite material, during the production of which, due to hot pressing, sawdust and shavings, together with binder formaldehyde resins, take the form of a single web.

For the first time this material was invented in the 30s. of the twentieth century, but mass production of chipboard began only in the 50s. Last but not least, this is due to the difficult post-war situation. For needs mass production cheap and affordable material was required, and natural wood was expensive and the waste during its processing reached 60%. In addition, the tastes of buyers have changed significantly - artsy bulky furniture in no way corresponded to the spirit of the era, which combined the desire for simplicity, convenience and lightness with the need to save money. Chipboard fully met all these requirements.

Chipboard production technology

For the production of chipboard, waste from the woodworking industry and specially crushed illiquid trunks are used:

• shavings and sawdust (previously they were simply burned as garbage) are dried in a special drying chamber and run through a cycling plant that rejects particles that are too large for re-grinding;

• raw materials that meet the requirements are mixed with formaldehyde resin and transferred to a conveyor belt, where they are given the required shape by cold pressing;
• using a hot press, the layers of the workpiece are firmly glued together, then the sheets are cooled, dried and sawn into plates of standard sizes;

Pros and cons of chipboard

The resulting durable and very affordable material instantly found application in the manufacture of upholstered and cabinet furniture, wagons, in construction (as formwork, partitions, beams, floors, skins, frames). Among its advantages, good indicators of heat and sound insulation can be noted.

Durable and inexpensive chipboard is used as partitions, floors, cladding, formwork

However, chipboard also has a number of serious drawbacks. It can absorb moisture (up to a third of its original volume) and deform. The plate can also lose its shape under the influence of heat. This limits the possibility of using chipboard sheets in the kitchen or bathroom. The only exceptions are canvases that have undergone special processing, as a result of which the material becomes moisture and fire resistant.

Due to its dense structure, chipboard holds nails and screws well. However, due to the same structural features, the fixing hardware cannot be reattached as the slab will begin to crumble. For the same reason, the material is not suitable for milling and creating curved contours.

And, finally, the most disadvantage of chipboard boards is the use of urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins in the process of their manufacture. They prevent the processes of decay of wood, however, far from the most favorable effect on human health.

Note! Formaldehyde is extremely dangerous Chemical substance. It can accumulate in the human body, cause poisoning or provoke the development of serious diseases. The main signs of poisoning are cough, irritation of the mucous membranes of the throat and eyes, dizziness, fatigue .

The main types of chipboard

There are several classifications of chipboard.

per quantity harmful substance in particle boards indicates the formaldehyde emission class E1 and E2. E1 class is considered to be environmentally safer (corresponds to GOST 10632–89 adopted in Russia). Class E2 is not suitable for use in children's rooms. Many European manufacturers have already ceased production of this class of chipboard.

Depending on the quality and appearance finished products chipboard happens:

According to the type of cladding, chipboard is distinguished:

• draft (do not have lining);
• laminated (coated with a melamine film or a special resistant varnish);
• veneered (they have a lining in the form of a thin sheet natural wood).

To figure out which is better - chipboard or chipboard, you need to familiarize yourself with the characteristics of laminated panels.

LDSP: what is it, variety of colors

So what is LDPS? In fact, it has already been discussed above and the decoding of chipboard is simple - it is a laminated chipboard. For the manufacture of laminated chipboard (more precisely, laminated chipboard), only high-quality polished chipboard is used.

At the final stage of production, they are covered with a special polymer film at high pressure and high temperatures. This film is made from paper impregnated with melamine resin. Sometimes, in the manufacture of expensive LSDP, a special varnish is used that is not afraid of water and scratches.

Characteristics and main advantages of the material. Areas of use. Features and installation rules. average cost products.

Catalogs with samples and photos of laminated chipboard, the colors of which are represented by hundreds of shades, can show several palettes:

• plain smooth (vanilla, blue, green water);
• plain textural (aluminum, titanium, concrete);
• wood-like colors (maple, cherry, wenge);
• glossy decors;
• fantasy decors (various patterns and drawings).

All this makes chipboard sheets a versatile and extremely popular material. They are used in bathrooms and nurseries, to create decorative partitions, upholstered and cabinet furniture. You can easily find a lot of positive feedback on the forums: chipboard kitchens can withstand the effects of steam, water and significant temperature changes.

Laminated boards are perfectly combined with other materials - glass, mirrors, metal, plastic panels, as well as fiberboard and MDF.

Which is better: chipboard or MDF

The variety of materials in stores cannot but puzzle buyers. What is better for furniture - MDF or chipboard?

Between chipboard and MDF there are fundamental differences. Chipboard is made from wood chips and sawdust, formaldehyde acts as a binder.

At MDF production they use wood dust (waste of the woodworking industry crushed to a very fine fraction) and exclusively natural binders - paraffin and lignin. Thanks to this composition, MDF is much more environmentally friendly than chipboard. They can be safely used even for decorating children's rooms.

Note! Paraffin is not only environmentally friendly, but also has water-repellent properties, so there is no need for additional processing. MDF boards special impregnations.

Unlike laminated chipboard, MDF is very plastic and soft material. It is easy to mill, which is why it is so popular in the manufacture of luxury furniture. Most of the bent elements, carved headboards and intricately executed facades are made from MDF. Photo of beds from chipboard or kitchen facades they cannot please with such decorativeness, because the furniture is made of a material with a crumbling edge, unsuitable for milling.

Nevertheless, many, choosing between chipboard or MDF, prefer laminated panels. The reason is simple: the cost of MDF is much higher than democratic particle boards. According to consumer reviews, chipboard furniture is successfully leading the domestic market, and last but not least, this is due to reasonable prices.

Another weighty argument in favor of laminated chipboard is wealth. color solutions. In the LDSP catalog or on the websites of online stores, you can pick up suitable shade or a texture that will harmoniously fit into any style of interior - from classic to modern.

Leading manufacturersChipboard: Egger, Kronospan, Lamarty, Nevsky Laminate

When buying laminated chipboard, it is very important to make sure that the product has all the necessary certificates that guarantee the safety of the material for human health and is different high quality providing a long service life. However, make sure that at each stage of production, the norms and technical regulations, only large manufacturers can. The leaders in the domestic market are foreign companies Egger and Kronospan, as well as domestic producers Lamartie and Nevsky Laminat.

Chipboard Egger: colorsand material advantages

The head office of the company is located in Austria. Founded in 1961 by Fritz Egger Sr., the modest family business has gradually grown to become one of the world's leading chipboard manufacturers.

The highest quality of manufactured products, an extensive catalog of Egger chipboard colors and reasonable prices are achieved through the opening of local production facilities in 7 European countries, including Russia. First-class raw materials are mainly produced from conifers wood and does not include extraneous elements. Laminated boards fully comply with European safety standards.

A huge variety is provided by the Egger chipboard color catalog, which allows you to realize any design solution:

• plain chipboard (white, lagoon, alabaster, beige sand, canyon, pumpkin yellow, green water, Chinese red, reed, Baltic blue and dozens of other colors) - presented in matte and glossy versions;

• texture decors ( lightweight concrete, beige leather, grey-white amalvi marble, titanium, bronze quartz, indigo quartz, etc.);
• Egger chipboard colors under the tree (pink Calvados, light venchester oak, pear blossom, natural rosewood, champagne cremona oak, zebrano havana, natural merano - more than 100 shades that perfectly imitate natural wood).

We can state a stable increase in demand for Egger laminated chipboard. Customer feedback only confirms the positive dynamics, while noting the high wear resistance of the material, excellent quality and the minimum presence of formaldehyde resins (“pine smell without chemicals”).

Chipboard Kronospan: high kaquality and rich assortment

Another Austrian company whose history began with a small family sawmill in Salzburg in 1897. Currently, its activities cover 24 countries of the world.

Among the undoubted advantages of laminated boards of this company are:

• good moisture resistance, which allows them to be used in bathrooms and kitchens;
• increased wear resistance;
• solid catalog of colors LDSP Kronospan;
• environmental friendliness;
• anti-static, guaranteeing additional protection from dust;
• fairly democratic pricing policy;
• long service life (up to 20 years).

The colors presented in the LDSP Kronospan catalog can be classified as follows:

• textures (deep pores, wood pores, office, smooth, shagreen, mother-of-pearl);
• plain (modra blue atoll, lime green, white facade, burgundy, Inca gold, lavender, viola);
• wood (chipboard Milanese walnut, snow birch, chipboard guarneri walnut, dark velveteen, light chipboard bodega, alder plank, rustic oak, warm ash shimo);
• fantasy (white sakura, white name, dark twist).

Even such a short review of the Kronospan laminated chipboard colors gives a good idea of ​​how rich their palette is and how diverse the textures are. Actually, a surprisingly believable imitation of the rough surface of natural wood is a kind of calling card many lines of chipboard from this Austrian company.

Lamartie: characteristicsChipboard, colors, photo with names

Thanks to strict quality control at every stage of production, laminated chipboard from the Syktyvkar plywood plant successfully competes on the Russian market with the products of foreign companies. Chipboards of this company are made from high-quality raw materials (coniferous and birch wood without foreign inclusions like bark), have an environmental certificate and excellent technical characteristics.

They are wear-resistant, not afraid of exposure to steam, moisture and high temperatures, environmentally friendly, durable and retain their original color for a long time, and the impressive Lamartie chipboard color catalogs will make any design idea come true.

Lamarti chipboard color catalog includes:

• solid colors (topaz, chili, serenity, coral, monsoon, lemon, sepia);
• textural decors (slate, titanium, chinon, aluminum, exotic pine concrete);

• wood imitations (plum, marsala oak, light chipboard wenge, latte, bamboo, noche amati, bleached oak, elm, chipboard Italian walnut);
• fantasy colors of LDSP Lamarti (linen, spring, Arabica flowers, modern, luino, graffiti).

Chipboard Nevsky Laminat: affordable price, European quality

Laminated sheets from the Nevsky Laminate Plant compare favorably with their foreign counterparts with their low cost. At the same time, they have all the necessary quality certificates and good environmental characteristics. Chipboards of this manufacturer hold fasteners well, are not afraid of moisture, are resistant to mechanical damage and differ long term operation.

The color catalog of chipboard "Nevsky Laminate" offers customers big choice shades and textures:

• plain (orange, lime, anthracite, yellow narcissus, wine red, dark chocolate, white pearls);
• textural (flax, titanium, aluminum);
• fancy decors (litera nero, newport, sena, titanium, flora verde, mocha stitch);
• wood decors (chipboard light shimo ash, light Indian ebony chipboard, French oak, macassar, swiss elm, jarrah, canterberry oak, caramel).

Regardless of whether the boards are produced in Europe or in Russia, laminated chipboard will be an excellent choice for many years to come due to the optimal combination of price and quality.

Chipboard lamination and lamination technology. Production of laminated chipboard. Decorative covering of furniture plates.

To use chipboard in furniture production polished chipboard is subjected to decorative processing - applied decorative coating from paper-layered (melamine) films.

At this production site, sanded chipboard is converted into laminated chipboard, into laminated chipboard. The production of laminated chipboard is a process of facing sanded chipboard with paper-based films (laminated paper films).

There are two ways decorative processing chipboard boards with paper-laminated films:

1. Chipboard lamination.
2. Chipboard lining.

The main difference between laminating and laminating chipboard boards is that when laminating, a decorative coating is created by chemical pressing and is a component of the board, while when laminating, a ready-made hard paper-resin film is glued to the board.

Chipboard lamination.

Chipboard lamination is the process of coating board surfaces with paper-resin films impregnated with resins. The combined effect of pressure (25-28 MPa) and high temperature (140-210 ̊ C) contributes to the fact that the film practically "grows" into the surface of the chipboard. The very word "lamination" (lamination) is of English origin and is translated as "stratification, rolling, layering."

Chipboard lamination line, made in China. (photo from the site: china1.ru)

Fast lamination line. (a photo: elo.ru)

Component lines:

Chipboard lining.

Laminating chipboard - pressing a hardened film onto a chipboard. A layer of glue is applied over the entire surface of the plate, and a solid adhesive is pressed to this layer. decorative film. The procedure for laminating chipboard boards takes place under “softer” conditions than when laminating: under a pressure of 5-7 MPa and at a temperature of 120-150 ̊С. The term "kashirovanie" has German roots and comes from the German Kaschieren, which means "to paste over with paper."

(photo from the site: izoplit.ru)

Video of the caching process of some board material in one of the Chinese factories.

Laminated panels Chipboard thickness 10 mm.

(photo from the site: woodkeep.ru)

Interesting information. Some large factories for the production of mass-produced furniture have their own chipboard laminating workshops to reduce the cost of finished products. Such factories purchase or produce small batches of polished chipboard, saw it in this form, according to final dimensions, into parts in accordance with technological map any piece of furniture. Then a batch of such "raw" parts is sent to the laminating line. From where they get to the workshop, where holes are drilled in already lined parts on special multi-spindle machines for installing fittings and assembling finished furniture. The chipboard cladding method - lamination is used by them as a somewhat technologically simple and less expensive.

Packing chipboard boards on pallets.

In accordance with the requirements of the standard, the boards are sorted and then or cut into blanks for furniture panels, or sent to consumers full-length.

Depending on the criteria for the appearance of the slab (cracks, chips, staining, spots, protrusions and indentations), laminated chipboards are divided into the following grades:

• chipboard - 1 grade(defects are not acceptable except minimal),
• chipboard - 2 grade(large surface defects are acceptable),
• no grade(cardinal surface defects).

Melamine film for facing chipboard.

Melamine films are a modern facing material based on decorative papers different densities (plain or printed), impregnated with amino-formaldehyde resins with an incomplete degree of polycondensation. (photo from the site: bimma.ru)

To obtain a melamine film, it is necessary to impregnate a special decorative paper with resin. Impregnation occurs in several stages. On the impregnation machine, the resin is first applied with a roller to the underside of the web, and then the paper is completely immersed in the resin in the bath. Between the first and second stages of impregnation, the paper passes through the "penetration" zone. During the passage of this zone, the resin deposited on the underside penetrates into the paper and displaces the air from the paper. Due to the displacement of air, a good impregnation of the middle of the paper is achieved in the future.

After the first impregnation machine, the paper is dried, resulting in the removal of volatile substances. The web then enters the second impregnation machine. There, a layer of melamine-formaldehyde resin is applied to both sides of the paper sheet. The purpose of applying the second layer of resin is to give the top layer improved compression flow properties, as well as to give the facing surface smoothness and increased strength.

The paper then enters another dryer with three heating zones and one cooling zone. Getting into the cooling zone, the film web enters the roller conveyor (roller table), the shafts of which are cooled with water. So the paper turns into a film. After that, the film is cut into sheets of a given size. These film sheets are stacked on a stacker and packaged.