Temperature regime

Pepper is a heat-loving crop. It will not develop and grow properly when low temperatures. Optimal are considered indicators from 20 ° C to 25 ° C.

At temperatures below 14°C, plants stop growing. In cool weather (13 ° C), the bushes cover plastic wrap. Education on fruit plots lilac color indicates an unsuitable temperature regime.

Watering

After planting on permanent place the earth is moistened every 2-3 days, adding 1-2 liters of water. This contributes to their good survival. Further watering is carried out in this way:

• before flowering - once in 7 days, in the heat - 2 times;
• during flowering and fruiting - 2-3 times in 7 days.

In the first case, the water consumption should be 12 liters per 1 sq. m., in the second - 14 liters per 1 sq. m. After the mass ripening of the fruits take a break. When flowers appear again, watering is resumed. The amount of water is adjusted, depending on the type of soil: for heavy soil, less consumption is required, for light soil, more. The culture needs soil moisture when all parts of the plant darken.

Water is brought only under the root so that it does not fall on the leaves and stems. The temperature of the liquid must match the temperature of the soil. They also monitor its amount. Bell pepper does not like excess or lack of water, therefore, in rainy weather, watering is reduced or stopped altogether. On hot days, the leaves of the bushes wither, but this is not a sign of a need for water.

Do not allow prolonged drying of the earth.

When the nights are cold, the plants are only watered in the morning. If they are warm, you can make water in the morning and evening. Watering is carried out from different sides of the row, alternating.

Loosening and hilling

After landing in a permanent place, bell pepper stops growth for 2 weeks. Culture adapts to new conditions and increases root system. At this time, do not loosen, so as not to damage the weakened plants.

loosening

Loosening is recommended after 2 weeks after transplantation. The depth of embedding the earth should not exceed 5-10 cm in order to avoid damage to the surface root system of the crop. For soil with a heavy structure, loosening can be done to a great depth, this will help to ventilate and warm the ground well.

The soil is loosened after each watering and rain. At the same time, they wait until it dries a little. Do not allow the formation of a dry crust.

Weeding

Plant care includes regularly removing weeds so they don't overwhelm the peppers. Bushes spud until woody stem. The procedure helps to activate the growth of the culture, increase the access of oxygen to the root system, and prevents the development of pathologies. Such actions ensure a good harvest.

Mulching

Mulching helps retain moisture in the soil. Weeds do not grow under mulch. But this can only be done after the soil has warmed up.

Pasynkovanie and the formation of a bush

The lower shoots are removed from the bell pepper (non-stepping varieties are an exception). The procedure is performed throughout the summer, using scissors. It is better to cut stepchildren in hot weather for fast wound healing. You can grease them with charcoal.

When most of the fruits have set, pinch the top of the plant and remove the inflorescences. Vegetables from them will no longer have time to ripen, they will only take on part of the nutrition.

Compact sotra peppers do not require shaping. It is necessary to carefully monitor the growth of strongly branching varieties. They remove excess shoots and those that grow inside the bush. Pruning is done for the purpose additional lighting, since thickening does not contribute to a high yield. Large varieties require garters to pegs to prevent damage to plants.

top dressing

Compliance with the rules for caring for sweet pepper when grown in open ground provides for its stimulation. During the growing season, the culture is fed 3 times:

• The first fertilization is carried out 2 weeks after planting in open ground. For this purpose, a solution of slurry is used, which is prepared in a ratio of 1:5. Instead, you can use a solution bird droppings in a ratio of 1:10. The following fertilizer is also used: 1 tbsp. l. carbamide, 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate, 10 liters of water. Under each bush pour 1 liter of funds.
• The second time is fed during mass flowering. Apply this fertilizer: 40-60 g of superphosphate, 150-200 g of wood ash, 10 liters of water. Consumption - 1 liter per 1 plant.
• The third time top dressing is applied during the period of mass formation of fruits. To do this, use a solution of mullein or bird droppings. You can prepare mineral fertilizer: 2 tsp. potassium salt, 2 tsp. superphosphate, 10 liters of water. Pour 1 liter of liquid under 1 bush.

Diseases and pests

The process of caring for sweet peppers includes the prevention and control of diseases. Most often culture is affected by:

• blackleg;
• bacterial, verticillium, fusarium wilt.

To warn them, it is necessary to observe crop rotation, buy high-quality seeds, and do weeding in time. When infected, diseased plants are removed.

After planting pepper seedlings in the ground, the next milestone for growing this vegetable crop. Pepper care in greenhouses and outdoors differs in some respects. Many people think that good harvest pepper, as it is a heat-loving crop, can only be grown in a greenhouse or in the southern regions, where long summer, but years of experience showed that in the open field it is also possible to obtain high yields of pepper. It is important to know all the pros and cons different ways cultivation of pepper in the open field and in the greenhouse, as well as differences in care.

Planting peppers in open ground.

For growing peppers outdoors buy pepper seeds early ripe varieties, in which the period from germination to the first harvest is no more than 120 days. The time for planting pepper in open ground without shelter falls on the first days of June, usually by this time stable warm weather is already established with an average daily temperature of about +18 degrees. For planting in open ground, pepper seedlings should reach the age of 55-60 days by the beginning of May, the plants have 8-12 leaves, the first buds and flowers.

When growing seedlings in open ground, it is important to take the most favorable place for this garden culture. Pepper loves heat and sun, so best site for the beds will be on the south side of the buildings. If the bed is located in an open area, then on the north side it is desirable to create protection from cold winds, for this you need to plant a number of tall vegetables on the windward side - corn, beans, peas.

You can not grow pepper in the garden, where last season vegetables related to it grew - tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes. It is good to grow pepper after root crops - carrots, beets or cabbage, pumpkins, beans.

Pepper planting should be carried out carefully so that the seedlings do not experience stress, it should be planted in cloudy weather or in the evening when the sun's activity is reduced. When planting pepper on a sunny day, the plants need to be shaded and the holes should be shed abundantly so that the seedlings do not fade.

Pepper seedlings quickly adapt and grow when transplanted by transshipment from pots, when the earth clod does not collapse and the roots are not damaged.

Pepper care in the open field.

Pepper grows well if, after planting, the surface of the soil in the garden is mulched with peat, humus, or when the earth is covered with dark plastic wrap. To do this, before planting seedlings, the bed is covered with a dark film, cuts are made in the places of the holes, and then seedlings are planted in these holes and the plants are watered. With this method of covering the earth with a film in the care of pepper, there is no need to weed and loosen the ridges, since weeds do not germinate through the film, moisture is retained in the soil longer, a crust does not form on the surface, and the temperature in the soil will be a couple of degrees higher, which is very fond of pepper.

Without mulching, the soil must be regularly weeded, loosened so that the roots vegetable plants get enough air. Loosening the ridges of pepper is done superficially, by about 5 cm, using a tool similar to a fork, since the numerous roots of the pepper are shallow.

In open ground, they mainly grow low varieties of pepper that do not require a garter, and the crown of plants is formed according to the rules of a fork. The top of the peppers is pinched when the plants reach a height of 20-25 cm, when it gives side shoots, leave only the two strongest, they, in turn, also leave two shoots each, in the end you should get 8-10 branches. Pepper shoots growing inside the bush are recommended to be removed.

When forming pepper, it is planted according to the scheme 45 x 50 cm, i.e. rows are made every 50 cm, and in a row, holes for planting seedlings are dug every 45 cm.

How to properly water peppers:

The quantity and quality of the crop depends on the watering of the pepper. If there is not enough moisture for plants, their stems become stiff, buds and leaves fall off, and the set fruits form thin-walled and hard. Before flowering, pepper should be watered abundantly once a week so that the soil in the beds gets wet to a depth of at least 20 cm. After flowering, during the period of growth of pepper fruits in dry weather, abundant watering is required every 3-4 days.

Peppers should not be watered cold tap water from a hose by sprinkling over the leaves, while you make two mistakes at once. Peppers need to be watered only with warm water settled in the tank under the root.

Additional top dressing of pepper when grown in open ground and in a greenhouse is done in the same way. The first time the pepper is fertilized 2 weeks after planting. When the plants are still actively growing their green mass, it is good to feed them with organic fertilizer - an infusion of mullein or chicken manure, diluted in a ratio of 1:10 and 1:15. The following top dressing is carried out every 2-3 weeks, using a complex mineral fertilizer. It is better to exclude organic matter so that the forces of the plant are directed to flowering and the formation of fruits.

Pepper care in the greenhouse.

In greenhouses, you can grow all varieties of pepper from early ripening to late ripening, in which the first crop of fruits ripens 135 days after germination.

Pepper seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in the first decade of May, as the plants are protected from short-term frosts and cold nights. By this time, pepper seedlings should have reached the age of 60 days, so pepper seeds for greenhouses are sown almost a month earlier than those intended for open ground.

The land in the greenhouse must be renewed or fertilized annually, for this 1 sq.m. bring up to two buckets of humus and about 50 grams of complex mineral fertilizer. Peppers do not like acidic soil, therefore, it is limed in advance or, when planted, 1-2 tablespoons of wood ash are poured into each hole.

Planting pepper in a greenhouse is usually carried out more densely, trying to fit as much as possible more plants, for this, a 30x40 cm scheme is used. With this planting, the plants are formed into one stem and tall varieties are used that need to be tied up, like tomatoes.

Temperature regime when growing pepper in a greenhouse.

Pepper can be planted in a greenhouse when it average daily temperature will be 20 degrees, and at night it will not fall below +12 degrees. A thermometer in the greenhouse must be hung up, since temperature control is needed not only in spring, but also in summer to prevent overheating.

In a greenhouse there is a danger of an excessive increase in temperature and humidity, in such an atmosphere, as in a bathhouse, pepper will grow and bloom, but not set fruits, since high humidity causes sticking of pollen, and air temperatures above +28 degrees make pollen sterile.

Pepper is well pollinated in the open ground with the help of wind and insects, but bees rarely fly into the greenhouse and the plants are reliably protected from the wind, so they need to be helped to pollinate by shaking the flowering bushes every 3-4 days or brushing the flowers with a brush.

Peppers do not like sudden changes in temperature in the greenhouse, so it must be regulated by airing on hot days and closing on cool nights.

In the greenhouse, the first pepper crop ripens a month earlier than in the open field, and due to the longer growth period in the warmth, the crop will grow more.

Watering peppers in the greenhouse

Peppers are watered in the greenhouse regularly 1-2 times a week, since atmospheric precipitation is not available to the plants, the time between waterings can only change due to changes in temperature in the greenhouse. On hot days, the soil dries out faster and the plants need to be watered more often. Violation of the rules of irrigation - prolonged drying, followed by abundant watering of the soil, leads to cracking of the fruit.

In order for peppers to ripen sweet, with a high content of vitamins, plants need to be fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, but not more than 1 time in two weeks.

Mistakes in the care of peppers lead to a decrease in the quality of the crop. If the peppercorns grow small and ugly, then the soil is too acidic or the plants are over-fertilized with nitrogen, there is not enough sunlight, it also causes over-watering and fruit set in high humidity conditions.

Housewives always try to arrange rationally kitchen space. This also applies to those located in this room.

It is advisable to choose one that is both beautiful and necessary.

The best option for the kitchen - decorative. It looks very aesthetically pleasing, especially when the fruits appear. The same fruits are applicable in cooking as a very spicy seasoning.

In addition, in winter it will serve as a pleasant reminder of the warm green summer.

Botanical description

The plant, which is commonly called, does not belong to the pepper family. This culture belongs to the nightshade family and has a second name "capsicum".

The culture is spread on all continents. Can grow outdoors and in flower pot in room conditions.

Pepper decorative room- a plant that can grow and bear fruit in an apartment for up to 4-5 years. Propagated by seeds and. Height - 20-55 cm. The crown is branched. The leaves are sharp, long or elongated oval, ovate. The color varies from light to dark green. It can bloom singly or in bunches, the flowers are often white.

Did you know? Capsicum means "bag" in Latin. Obviously, the pepper is so named after the shape of the fruit.

The fruits may have different colour: yellow, orange, red, purple. Moreover, different colors in fruits can occur even if they appeared on the same plant, depending on ripening. Also, peppers are different in shape (with a sharp or blunt end, spherical, oval) and size (small, medium, large - a maximum of 5 cm). It all depends on the variety.

Flowering and fruiting are not separated in time. On a bush there can be flowers, unripe fruits, ripe peppers at the same time. bears fruit, as a rule, very plentifully.

Bitterness, pungency and spiciness are imparted to the fruits by the alkaloid capsaicin.

Important! stems and leaves decorative pepper poisonous.

Popular types

There are many types of home decorations. They differ in crown, leaves, color and shape of fruits, fruiting time, care features, etc.

Annual

Annuals varieties are also called room paprika, vegetable pepper, sweet (although some varieties are quite sharp). They differ in that after shedding or picking fruits, the plant can dry out. Not all peers meet such a fate. In room conditions certain types may bear fruit for more than one year.
The bushes are low, compact, 35-55 cm high. The fruits are varied in shape and color, depending on the variety.

Common varieties:

• "Tepin";
• "Redskin";
• "Siberian prince";
• "Cherry Bomb";
• "Golden Baby", etc.

shrubby

shrubby varieties are very suitable for room conditions: window sill, loggia, balcony, etc. It is perennials. They successfully grow and bear fruit for 5-6 years.

The variety is interesting in shape, but its yield is average. In the apartment you can collect only about 20 peppercorns. More often grown "Lemon Lollipop" and "White Crystal", they are traditionally productive.
The taste of pepper is sweetish, there is very little sharpness in it.

This is a fairly tall species. It grows up to 80 cm, so more often in the apartment it is placed not on the windowsill, but on the floor on the loggia or balcony.

Chinese

Chinese variety is less common. This plant is up to 50 cm high, like other species. Its leaves are ovate, light green, slightly wrinkled. The flowers are white with a greenish tint.

The fruits are varied in shape, sometimes even take the form of a flashlight. Chinese pepper is probably the sharpest and most burning fruits.

The disadvantage is that this species has a relatively slow growth.
Common varieties:

• "Santa Lucia";
• "The language of the devil";
• "Devil's Yellow"

pubescent

Pepper pubescent(or fluffy) is grown more in open ground, because it is very tall (up to 3-4 m). Only certain varieties are suitable for growing in an apartment, for example, "Rokoto" (it is not so tall).

In this species, the entire bush is densely covered with pubescence. And not only stems and leaves, but even.

It has a pungent taste and is eaten raw.

The best conditions for pepper

Regarding the capriciousness and unpretentiousness of pepper and caring for it at home, the opinions of lovers of ornamental fruit plants were divided. Some believe that it is easy to care for the culture, others note that the plant is capricious and difficult to care for.

Important! During the flowering period, the pepper should be shaken periodically to increase the yield.

Let's take a closer look at the conditions of detention and the features of care.

Humidity and temperature

Indoor pepper is a heat-loving plant. It will grow well in spring and summer at about 25°C. In winter, the temperature should be lower: 15-18 ° C will be normal for him. In addition, he loves differences in night and day temperatures, so in summer it is better to keep him on a loggia or balcony.
Humidity is required moderate. Perchik loves to swim (more on that later).

Lighting

In the care of decorative peppers in a pot, lighting is a must. For good development and fruiting, you need to place the plant on the southern, southwestern or western windowsill.

The culture is very photophilous, in spring and autumn it needs up to 3-4 hours of open sunlight. Only no more than 4 hours, otherwise burns may appear on the fruits and leaves. In the summer, you need to shade, because the sun is very active. If the lighting is not enough, then you need to apply artificial.

With a lack of lighting, it is rare, there are few leaves on it; besides, there will be no good harvest.

growing substrate

For cultivation, a light neutral type is used. You can buy ready-made in a specialized store, you can make the mixture yourself.

Suitable for pepper mixture sod land, leaf humus and sand in the ratio 2:2:1.

Did you know? In botany, capsicum fruits are defined as berries.

Planting seeds and cuttings

Most often, the plant is grown from seeds, but cuttings are also possible.

Growing from seed

To grow peppers from seeds, you need to purchase seeds, prepare a container and soil, plant seeds, wait for seedlings and provide them with proper care.

Peppers should be planted in February.

There are two approaches to growing peppers from seeds. They differ in that one uses a non-seedling and non-transplanting method, in the second - with the cultivation of seedlings and subsequent transplantation.

1st way:

1. Indoor pepper is not grown by seedlings and is not transplanted from one pot to another as it grows. Immediately you need to choose a container in which it will grow mature plant. Its volume should be 4-6 liters.
2. Before planting seeds in a pot, pour the soil, providing a good one.
3. Soak the seeds for 1 hour in water and place in a damp cloth for a day.
4. Plant the seeds and sprinkle with soil 2-4 mm. Moisten well with a spray bottle and cover with a film until germination.
5. Be sure to place the pot in a warm place. After germination, with the appearance of four leaves, pinch to form a crown.

2nd way:

1. Prepare a small container, about 200 ml, for planting seeds.
2. Make drainage and pour the earthen mixture into the pot. After placing the prepared seeds, cover them with soil by 2-4 mm.
3. To prepare the seeds, they must be soaked in water for 1 hour and left in damp gauze for one day.
4. Moisten the soil well, cover with cling film and place in a warm place for seedlings.
5. Shoots of pepper appear in 2-3 weeks.
6. With the appearance of two pairs of leaves, pepper requires transplanting, diving and pinching.
7. capacity for further cultivation should be about 4-6 liters, with good drainage.
8. A sprout with a large earthy clod, abundantly watered.
9. The top pinches.

Whatever method of seed germination - 1st or 2nd - you choose, then pepper care is the same.

How to propagate a plant from cuttings

Peppers can be propagated by cuttings in spring and summer. To do this, cut off the side shoots and place them in a container with a sand-earth mixture for rooting.

Water abundantly at first, then - as the soil dries out.

The container must have good drainage. This is necessary both for the cutting and for the rooted plant, because it will continue to grow here. It is not necessary to transplant a rooted cutting.

In order for the cutting to take root faster, it must be pinned.

culture care

Care for the pepper type "Spark", which grows on your windowsill, is special.

Before that, we did not mention the Ogonyok variety. But the fact is that ordinary housewives call any kind of indoor decorative pepper that.

How to water

Water pepper in spring and summer should be plentiful as the earth dries up. In addition, be sure to "bath" the plant, spraying it 1-2 times a week, on hot days - every other day.

Watering should be carried out with water at room temperature.

Important! Plants placed on window sills, under which there are batteries, need more frequent watering.

Decrease in autumn, minimize in winter, water sparingly.

Summer residents successfully grow modern varieties and hybrids of sweet pepper in middle lane Russian Federation, in the Urals and in Siberia. Good results obtained in open ground and in polycarbonate greenhouses. Pepper is not a crop that can be stuck in the soil and forgotten.

With a harvest there are only those summer residents who begin caring for pepper after planting in the ground and finish it after a full harvest. It is impossible to say where it is better and easier to grow sweet peppers (soil, greenhouse). Some crops are higher in the open field, others - in the greenhouse.

Care for outdoor peppers

Seriously approach the choice of variety if you plan to grow a crop in open ground. Not all late-ripening varieties(hybrids) will have time to ripen before the onset of frost, the crop in this case does not reach the norm. Sow seeds for seedlings in the last days of February. By the end of May, healthy seedlings will grow from the seeds.

Comment! Characteristics of seedlings ready for planting in a permanent place: 55 days old, at least 8 leaves on a bush, there are flowers and buds, plant height 20-25 cm.

The yield of pepper depends on the microclimate that forms around the bush after planting, and the fertilizers laid in the hole. If the soil is normal, not depleted from previous seasons, then add to the planting hole:

• a large handful of humus;
• a handful of sifted ash;
• a pinch of superphosphate.

All fertilizers are thoroughly mixed with the ground from the hole, the seedlings are carefully removed from the cups, placed in the center of the planting hole, sprinkled with earth, watered. Plants do not bury. Water consumption when planting peppers in the ground is 1 liter per bush.

The first ten days, care for peppers after landing in the ground is minimal. If necessary, cover bright sun during the day, at night, if there is a threat of frost, cover with spunbond or other covering material.

Landing patterns

Usually in short description the manufacturer indicates the recommended planting pattern for the variety. It makes sense to stick to it, it will facilitate care, provide good nutrition and coverage of each bush. The distances between the bushes depend on the height of adult peppers:

• low peppers with a bush height not exceeding 60 cm plant 4 roots per 1 m 2;
• tall varieties are rarely planted - 2 roots per 1 m 2;
• many gardeners plant 2 bushes of pepper in one hole at once.

With multi-line planting of peppers, they do not save on the aisles, their width varies from 60 cm to 80 cm.

Lighting

The plant belongs to the group of vegetables that are very demanding on light, but at the same time, it is a culture short day. When growing it in open ground, it is difficult to regulate the duration of daylight hours; for this, the following methods are used:

• count optimal timing sowing;
• reduce or increase illumination due to planting density;
• achieve better illumination by breaking up ridges in the southern and southwestern parts of the garden.

Plants always need light. Peppers growing in the shade develop worse. In order for seedlings to use the maximum energy of the sun, greenhouses are placed in southern parts vegetable garden. Break up a bed where root crops, any kind of cabbage or legumes grew last season.

watering

With insufficient watering, lignification of the stem occurs, ovaries and buds fall off, and fruits form with thin rigid walls. Until the plant has gained color, it is watered every week. After watering, the soil at a depth of 20 cm should be moist. Faded peppers need more frequent watering. In the absence of rain, they are watered 1 time in 3 days.

Important! Do not water peppers with water from a well or water supply. Peppers need warm, settled water and watering strictly under the root.

Mulching the bed reduces water consumption. Used as mulch:

• sawdust;
• straw;
• humus.

The optimal thickness of the mulch layer is determined in practice, usually it is 7 cm.

Top dressing after landing in the ground

Organics are used as top dressing for peppers in spring and early summer. Later nitrogen fertilizers can harm pepper: cause increased growth of green mass to the detriment of fruiting. See the table for recommended supplements.

Care in the greenhouse after planting seedlings

In a polycarbonate structure, you can grow any variety of pepper, the choice is huge. Colorfully designed seed bags are attractive with convincing variety and hybrid descriptions for greenhouses of any color, size and maturity. Usually, early-ripening and mid-ripening varieties of peppers are chosen for cultivation.

The timing of disembarkation and subsequent care of peppers depends on the weather. A stormy and warm spring allows you to transplant peppers into a greenhouse in the last decade of April. If the spring is cool, then the peppers are transplanted in the middle (end) of May.

Caring for peppers in protected ground differs from work in open ground, their range is wider:

• design processing;
• tillage;
• control of temperature and soil moisture in the greenhouse;
• the formation of bushes;
• top dressing.

Greenhouse processing

Fungal spores and other types of infection can accumulate on greenhouse structures. In the fall, at the end of the season, the frame and polycarbonate should be washed with blue vitriol. Hard-to-reach structural elements can be sprayed with a disinfectant solution.

In the spring, smoke bombs are used for disinfection, after an outbreak last season of phytophthora or another serious disease. To restore dead beneficial bacteria in the soil after a checker, EM preparations are used:

• Baikal EM-1;
• BakSib;
• Radiance-2;
• Radiance-3.

Can upper layer soil (5 cm) refresh. Take out the old soil compost heap, and bring a new one, take it from the beds where legumes, green manure or root crops grew.

We fertilize the soil

The soil is exploited intensively, therefore, before planting seedlings, it must be reanimated - to replenish the missing nutrients. First of all, it concerns nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Under digging, add humus, ash, peat and standard set mineral fertilizers:

• superphosphate;
• potassium nitrate;
• urea.

Take the dose of each fertilizer from the instructions for the preparation, do not violate the recommended norms. An overdose of mineral fertilizers during care after transplantation will affect the quality of the fruit.

We plant seedlings

Pepper does not tolerate hypothermia of the root system. It is necessary to control the temperature of the soil and not rush to plant seedlings. The soil should warm up to 15°C. Depending on the weather conditions, the soil in the greenhouse is ready for planting peppers in late April or early May.

Planting peppers in the ground and in the greenhouse are similar, as well as the care that seedlings need in the first 2 weeks. Choose a planting pattern depending on the variety. Plant tall specimens at a distance of 35-40 cm from each other. At the time of planting in the holes, install supports (stakes). With a heavy load of fruits, the stem can break, so the garter of the shoots is necessary throughout the season.

Watering in the greenhouse

The main requirement for watering is warm water. If you want to grow big harvest, then refuse when leaving watering running water from the plumbing.

Peppers love warm, settled water, the temperature of which differs little from the air temperature in the greenhouse (25-28 ° C). The soil under the bushes should be constantly wet, drying out threatens to lose color and buds.

Advice! Organize in the greenhouse drip irrigation, then you will have less time for care, and the peppers will feel comfortable.

Mulch - good decision for the organization of competent care, maintenance optimal humidity soil in the greenhouse.

You can mulch the soil with straw, sawdust, dried grass, chopped branches or bark. Minimum Thickness mulching layer 7 cm.

Temperature and humidity

If the greenhouse is not equipped with a system automatic ventilation, then it is quite difficult to control the temperature of the air in it. In sunny weather, the thermometer can show temperatures above 35°C.

Peppers are heat-loving plants, but such temperature fluctuations can provoke shedding of flowers, buds and ovaries. You can regulate the air temperature in the greenhouse by forced ventilation.

From scorching rays planting suns can be covered with white covering material. Some gardeners whiten in the process of care upper part greenhouses to reduce its heating. The container(s) with water installed in the greenhouse help to maintain the humidity of the air within 70%.

top dressing

The first feeding with slurry or herbal infusion with the addition of urea is carried out during flowering. The second time the plants need a similar top dressing during the formation of fruits. Feed the plants once every two weeks during care with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

Potassium influences fruit quality. Its imbalance in the soil slows down growth, reduces the quality of fruits. Ash is a natural supplier of potassium after planting seedlings in the ground. During care, it is useful to apply it between rows of 100 g per square meter.

Bush formation

The formation of a bush is an indispensable part of caring for pepper after landing in a permanent place. Form the plant throughout the growing season. The purpose of the formation is to increase productivity. Rules for the formation of bushes after landing in the ground:

• remove flowers at the point of branching;
• leave 3 fruiting shoots on the bushes;
• not fruit-bearing shoots cut (pluck out);
• in the second half of summer, pinch fruiting shoots to accelerate the ripening of the remaining fruits.

Pepper diseases

healthy seedling, quality care after landing in the ground, reduce the likelihood of diseases. The goal of every summer resident is to grow organic vegetables without the use of chemicals. You need to know the diseases that affect the vegetable after planting in the ground, and how to deal with them. The most common diseases:

1. Fungal disease verticillosis.
2. Phytoplasmosis - root rot, fruit shrinkage, leaf drying.
3. Stolbur is a disease that cannot be cured, infected plants must be urgently destroyed.

The choice of varieties of domestic breeding reduces the likelihood of diseases, Russian peppers after planting in the ground are resistant to major diseases.

Pests

Care after planting in a greenhouse or in open ground includes pest control: aphids, spider mites. Aphids weaken young plants, carry the infection. The cause of the appearance of aphids can be organic fertilizers. Destroy aphids and spider mite in the early stages of infection, folk methods can:

• soap-ash infusion;
• ammonia;
• mustard;
• soda.

Important! Chemical preparations are not recommended for use after planting in the ground during the fruiting period.

Running cases are eliminated with the help of chemicals:

• Karbofos;
• Fufanon;
• Aktars;
• Intavira.

Conclusion

Can be received high yields at good care behind the plant after planting both in the greenhouse and in open ground. The main thing is to provide proper care and good conditions for the growth and formation of fruits. Prevention of diseases, feeding and timely watering are the main points of proper care for peppers after planting them in a permanent place.

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Bulgarian pepper: cultivation and care in the open field

Proper care for pepper in the open field involves careful preparation. You will need tools and tools for watering, weeding, fertilizing and warming from frost.

Terms of planting pepper in open ground

For planting, it is necessary to wait for warm weather so that the soil warms up.

• In the south of Russia and in the middle lane - in late May or early June.
• For the northern regions, this time comes by mid-June, when the threat of return frosts has passed.

Hardening seedlings before planting

In order for the cultivation of pepper in the open field to be successful, the seedlings must be hardened 14 days before planting.

• Within a few days, open the window for 1-2 hours, if the weather is warm.
• Build a sun shield plywood sheets carry out hardening on the balcony or veranda during the week.
• If the night air temperature is not lower than 14 degrees. Celsius, then it is no longer brought into the room.

Site selection and soil preparation for growing peppers

Select the area where you plan to grow peppers. It should be protected from strong drafts and well lit. The bed must be pre-treated:

• In autumn, the soil is carefully dug up and loosened, after which complex potash and phosphate fertilizers(50 gr. per 1 sq.m.)
• In the spring, 40 g of ammonium nitrate for every square metre.
• Five days before planting seedlings, the soil is disinfected with a solution blue vitriol(1 tablespoon per bucket of water).

If you are using different varieties, growing peppers in open ground is best done at a remote distance from each other, since the culture tends to pollinate. You can distinguish varieties by planting tall plants- corn, tomatoes or sunflower.

The procedure for planting pepper seedlings in open ground

Pepper does not tolerate cold soil, so it is better to raise the height of the beds by 20-50 cm.

• Pepper seedlings are watered to take them out of the containers with the root, they are planted in the morning or in the evening when the sun is not too active.
• Planted vertically according to the scheme 40x40 cm.
• Peppers are sprinkled with earth, the area around it is slightly compacted and watered well. warm water.
• The leaves of young plants break easily, so put a peg on each and tie it up.
• To ensure oxygen access, loosen the earth around the plant.
• Cover the ridge with a film, pulling it over pre-installed arcuate rods. After rooting, remove the film.

Build protection from the cold for peppers with available improvised materials by building a tent from roofing material, boards or cardboard. From above it can be covered with burlap or agrofibre.

Pinching peppers outdoors

For the proper formation of the bush and the good development of the fruit, pinching is carried out every 10 days. When the plant reaches a height of 25 cm, cut off its top. As a result, the stem will give a lot of shoots, they must be partially removed, leaving 5-6 top ones. They will serve to form the crop. Pasynkovanie carried out in hot, but not dry weather.

To attract insects to your area that will pollinate the pepper during flowering, spray it with a special sugar syrup. It is prepared like this: in a liter hot water dissolve half a glass of sugar and 2 gr. boric acid.

Watering peppers outdoors

Growing bell peppers in open ground does not require abundant watering. The first time it is watered during planting, the second - after 5 days, then - once a week. For watering one plant, 1-1.5 liters is enough. But as you grow older, the rate can be doubled.

When the pepper begins to bloom, water it only with warm water (20-22 degrees Celsius). Watering is stopped 2 weeks before the vegetables are completely harvested. After each watering or rain, the soil must be loosened.

To reduce the number of waterings and better retain moisture at the roots of plants, mulch the peppers with a 10-centimeter layer of overripe straw.

Top dressing of pepper in the open field

Pepper care after planting in the ground necessarily includes three top dressings per season.

1. The first is carried out after two weeks. For good growth nitrogen fertilizers are needed. To do this, dilute a tablespoon of superphosphate and urea in a bucket of water. You can mix urea (1 teaspoon) in the same volume of water. Pour 1 liter of this composition under each plant.
2. The next top dressing is done during flowering. Since potassium is needed to set fruits, use wood ash. Feed again with urea, as in the first feeding.
3. The last time pepper is fed with the appearance of the first fruits. To do this, dilute potassium salt and superphosphate (2 teaspoons each) in 10 liters of water.

Watch the pepper grow, it may need additional top dressing. It can be foliar, since the plant can receive the necessary substances not only through the roots, but also through the leaves.

Pepper growing problems and solutions

• If the leaves turn yellow, then they lack nitrogen. To provide this substance, spray with a solution of urea in water in the ratio: 1 tablespoon per bucket of water.
• If the pepper loses its ovaries, then prepare a solution of boric acid: a teaspoon in a bucket of water.
• In case of poor fruit formation, feed with superphosphate or ash: a teaspoon per 5 liters of water.

Foliar top dressing is carried out exclusively in the morning or evening, otherwise the leaves may burn on scorching sun. In this case, the weather should be calm. Fertilization with yeast has a good effect on the development of peppers.

Pepper yeast recipe

For cooking, you need 100 grams of fresh yeast. They are soaked in 0.5 liters of water for a day. Before use, add 5 liters of water to the solution.

Fertilizer recipe for dry yeast peppers

Dissolve one package of dry yeast in a bucket of water, add 2 tablespoons of sugar, leave for 2 hours to activate the fermentation process. Dilute the infusion with water at the rate of 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water.

Apply this dressing only to sufficiently warmed soil. It can be applied no more than twice per season. After fertilizing with yeast, be sure to add wood ash.

Pepper protection from diseases and pests in the open field

• To protect peppers from major pepper pests, dust them three times in a season. wood ash. This should be done early in the morning when there is still dew on the plant.
• To prevent damage by a bear, 1 hour before planting the pepper, fill the wells with onion water (0.5 kg of onion peel insist on 10 liters of water for three days).
• If during the growing season you find an aphid infestation, treat with a solution of 1.5 liters of whey in a bucket of water. After spraying, crush with ash.

Harvest dates for outdoor peppers

• The fruits are harvested when they have acquired the size and color corresponding to ripening. Since these vegetables are fragile, it is better to cut them with a stalk.
• The first harvest appears by mid-August, then it is harvested every week until frost.

To prepare seeds for next year, select a few large fruits. Do not remove them until the end of the summer, allowing them to fully mature. Cut and wrap in paper until dry. Cut and collect the seeds. Their varietal characteristics can persist for three years if cross-pollination does not occur.

Sweet pepper: cultivation and care in a greenhouse

Since pepper is a very heat-loving crop, its cultivation in open ground most often begins with seedlings. When sowing pepper seeds into the ground, they are carefully processed and well hardened. That is why many gardeners prefer growing bell peppers in a greenhouse, where you can create ideal conditions growth.

For planting seedlings or sowing seeds, glass, film greenhouses or greenhouses are used. It is also now widely practiced to grow peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

The technology of planting bell pepper in a greenhouse

Peppers are planted in a greenhouse in early April. It can be sown from seeds, but for better yields, use 2-month-old seedlings 20-25 cm high, which already have 6 to 10 leaves.

• Ridges are prepared in the greenhouse at a distance of half a meter from one another.
• Holes are made in them, corresponding to the size of the container in which the seedlings grew.
• Pour a solution of manure into the pits or chicken manure. To cook it on a bucket warm water(about +50 C) dissolve half a liter of manure or a glass of litter.
• Pour 1 liter into each well.
• Pepper seedlings are watered to take it out of the container with the root.
• After that, pepper is planted in prepared holes and tied to pegs.

Peppers in a greenhouse cultivation and care

The main care for peppers in the greenhouse is to observe the optimal temperature regime, water, regularly feed, weed and loosen.

• The greenhouse must be ventilated, and in the heat - shaded.
• Peppers are watered every 2-3 days, 1-2 liters of water are poured under the root of each plant.
• Growing peppers in a greenhouse involves maintaining optimum temperature. During the day it should be at the level of 20-27°С, at night - 15°С. After the onset of fruiting, it can be reduced by a couple of degrees.
• Bushes spud when the soil is still wet. After the soil dries out, it is necessary to loosen the aisles.

Caring for peppers in a polycarbonate greenhouse does not differ from the rules for caring for a conventional greenhouse.

How to properly feed peppers in a greenhouse

Growing pepper in a greenhouse is impossible without enough nutrients. For top dressing, urea is used in a similar proportion. But it is better to use a solution of bird droppings in water in a ratio of 1 to 15. They are watered with 1 liter of each sprout. Before top dressing, pepper care includes sprinkling with wood ash.

• The first feeding is carried out two weeks after planting in the greenhouse.
• The second - at the ovary of fruit.
• The third is before harvest.

The composition of fertilizers can be the same for each of the procedures, if the plant does not show signs of a lack of any trace elements.

Outcome

bell pepper, the cultivation and care of which we examined, will delight you with an excellent harvest, subject to agrotechnical rules. Follow the recommendations timely watering and fertilizer and you won't have any problems with this crop.