Radish fertilizer in open ground. Radishes in greenhouses

Perfect crop of radishes open ground

One of the very first vegetable crops, which is grown in the open field, is a radish. Its crop can be harvested several times a season, as radishes are cultivated very quickly.

Varieties of radish for planting in open ground

According to the ripening time, early, mid-early and late varieties of radish are distinguished. The period from planting to harvesting is 16-20 days for the first, 35-40 days for the second, and 35-53 days for the third, respectively.

Early ones include:

• French breakfast;
• early red;
• eighteen days;
• Corundum.

Mid-season varieties:

• Helios;
• watermelon radish;
• Slavia;
• Saks;
• Viola.

Late varieties:

• Rampoush;
• Red giant;
• Würzburg.

Depending on the variety, root crops can have not only red, but also white (Tashkent white, Virov white), yellow (helios), purple (viola). In addition to the traditional round, some varieties have an elongated shape, like a radish (for example, rampoush)

When to sow radishes outdoors

Planting radishes in open ground can begin in April, when the soil warms up enough. For different regions of Russia, the timing of sowing radishes in the spring can be completely different, and depend on climatic conditions.

Optimum temperature soil for sowing radish - from 15 degrees Celsius. In case of frosts, cover for young shoots should be used.

Planting dates for radishes:

• Early ripe varieties: first decade of April
• Early varieties: late May - early June.
• Mid-season: early July
• Late ripening: end of August - beginning of September.

How many times to plant radishes per season

The timing of planting radishes in the summer may vary depending on the variety, the timing of its collection and ripening. The harvest of this vegetable can be harvested four times per season, but you cannot plant radishes twice in one bed.

• The first sowing is carried out in April, taking into account auspicious days months to lunar calendar;
• Planting radishes in June, at the beginning of the month is already seedling way. For the second sowing, medium-early varieties are used, sown 35 days before transplanting into the ground, that is, May 25-30.
• Planting radishes in July, at the end of the month, is an opportunity for a summer resident to get a root crop for the third time. Also used seedling method and choose mid-early varieties for sowing seedlings at the end of June (25-30 numbers).
• For the fourth time, the culture is sown in late August - early September. This is done already in closed greenhouses, and in the northern regions of the country - in heated ones.

Planting radishes in open ground

Sowing radishes with seeds is a simple procedure, and usually does not cause difficulties. But first it is important to choose high-quality seeds and prepare the soil in order to get excellent harvest.

Pre-sowing preparation of radish seeds

You should buy seeds in specialized stores. First, they are sorted, sorted by size. Usually, seeds with a length of 3 mm or more are selected for planting - this is a guarantee of good germination and the development of large root crops.

Before planting, the seeds are kept for a day in a damp cloth or water so that they germinate. Immediately before sowing, they are soaked for 20 minutes in hot water to prevent the development of dry rot.

It is recommended to soak the seeds for 5 minutes in a 1% iodine solution, and then roll them out in crushed chalk or lime. Such a "masquerade" is needed, because the radish seed is planted one grain at a time, and the white color is clearly visible on the black earth.

Preparing the soil for planting

Growing radishes outdoors requires right choice places and soil for planting. Radishes take root well on loose soils, the best site for it is considered to be loam, which holds water well and does not dry out instantly.

sandy soils also suitable for radishes, but the culture should be watered more often, as the sand absorbs water faster. The plant loves the sun, so it is better for him to choose sunny areas.

Before planting seeds, fertilizers are applied to the ground. It is optimal if it is compost or ash at the rate of a bucket of top dressing per square meter of land.

Crop rotation rules for radishes

Radishes cannot be grown where cruciferous crops grew - cabbage, turnip, daikon, radish, turnip, horseradish. On such a site can settle cruciferous flea, and with a high probability will destroy all crops.

good predecessors for radishes are considered early potatoes, legumes, cucumbers, tomatoes. Ideally, if the planting of radishes is protected from all sides by garlic, dill, onions - such plants have a specific aroma that will repel pests.

Sowing radish

For sowing in the allotted area, small grooves are made a centimeter deep, they are moistened and the radish is planted.

Seeds are planted one at a time, at a distance of 5-10 cm. If you sow radishes thicker, there will be little room for root crops to grow, and seedlings will shade each other.

After sowing, the beds are lightly covered with earth, watered abundantly and fertilized with ash.

Growing and caring for radishes

Radishes will hatch within a few days after planting. After germination, the culture is fed with potash fertilizers, following the instructions. Caring for radishes is simple: it is primarily watering, loosening, thinning and top dressing.

• Radishes are watered 2-3 times a week, 20-25 liters of water per 10 square meters.

• If the land is not sufficiently prepared in advance (seedlings wither), it is fed when watering ammonium nitrate(10-15 grams per 10 square meters).

• Mulch radishes better humus, you can use peat, compost, paper, dark film. Mulching helps retain moisture, which is very fond of radishes.

• Thinning is carried out 5 days after germination, removing the smallest ones. Water the crop as needed, carefully loosening the soil after each watering.

Problems when growing radishes

• If the roots became slimy and the smell of rot began to emanate from them, it means that the radish was struck by bacteriosis. 1% treatment will help fix this problem. Bordeaux mixture.
• With the formation of growths and swellings, yellowing and wilting of foliage, treatment should be started from fungal disease- keels. Milk of lime, which is poured over the soil around infected plants, will help. One plant will need a liter of such a product.
• Symptoms of the black leg are yellowness and twisting of the leaves, darkening of the stem at the root crop. Affected plants are treated with a solution blue vitriol and laundry soap.

The main pests of radish and their control

A lot of trouble for radish beds is caused by pests, especially the cruciferous flea, which eats holes in the radish tops. If there is a lot of damage, the greens begin to wither, and the root crop itself does not gain the desired mass and stops growing. The pest is especially dangerous for tender seedlings of radish.

• To protect plants, they are treated with ash. For ten liters of water, add two glasses of fresh ash and fifty grams of laundry soap.
• Second effective way- treatment of leaves with tobacco dust (in the same proportions as with ash).

• by the most effective method control is considered treatment with insecticides, in particular Inta-Vir.

Belyanka is a dangerous pest of radish. The caterpillars of this butterfly eat the green tops of the crop. To protect the beds, they are treated with a solution of ground pepper, salt and mustard.

Growing radishes in the summer hot weather, it is necessary to take measures to protect against the bear. She does not often feed on radishes, but can get into the garden and damage the crop.

The radish root often damages the wireworm (large holes) and the nematode (rotted base of the roots, small holes in the radish with signs of decay).

• To protect against wireworms, the soil is fertilized with ammonium sulfate - on square meter two tablespoons of fertilizer. Such top dressing will saturate the soil with nitrogen, and destroy the pest larvae.
• To combat the nematode, Fitoverm is effective. This powder is safe for humans. It infects the larvae of root-knot nematodes, which soon die of starvation.
• In the fight against nematodes, soil steaming is also used (watering hot water from 60 degrees, consumption of a liter per square meter), and its disinfection with preparations based on chitosan - Aldikabr, Vidata.

Outcome

Growing radishes in open ground is possible throughout the summer season. Even a novice gardener can handle simple rules care for this crop, if you sow radishes on the beds in time, and provide him with ideal conditions for growth.

Rich in phosphorus, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron and vitamins, radish is a welcome guest on our tables. It has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract, helps to restore strength after the winter with its colds and colds. This is the earliest vegetable that grows in our garden, which means that sowing occurs earlier than other vegetables, when they are just beginning to prepare a place for them. When is the best time to plant a radish, and what kind of care does it require in the open field?

We cultivate in our gardens annual plant radish of the Cabbage (Cruciferous) family for the sake of the root crop, which in reality is a modified shortened stem. A rosette of leaves is formed above it, and a taproot grows from below with a small amount side roots. Leaves may be different shades green color: from dark green to very light yellowish green. The root of most cultivated varieties grows from 15 to 30 cm.

Until the desired maturity of the root crop, it takes from 20 to 40 days after sowing, depending on the variety and care. This is the time when it acquires the greatest taste value and concentration. useful substances. The root crop may have different shape and color - it can be red, white, yellow, purple, round or flattened ball, long cylinder or spindle. It can be small, weighing only 15–20 g, medium - up to 50 g, large - up to 200 g. The Japanese love to grow a giant radish, which their breeders have thoroughly worked on.

If you do not dig up the root crop, then the plant develops further - it forms a stem, flower stalks, flowers, fruits. From the moment of sowing to the ripening of fruits, it takes from 150 to 170 days. Flowers are white, pink, even purple, they are collected in a raceme inflorescence. Radishes are cross-pollinated plants. In order to preserve the properties of the variety, other varieties or related plants (especially radish) should not be allowed to grow at a distance of 200 m.

Flowering lasts a month, when it ends, a fruit is formed - a dry pod, the seeds ripen 65 or 70 days after flowering. Radish seeds are small brown, round or flat-round, they remain viable for 5–6 years. When buying seeds, you should pay attention to their color - from old age, the brown color gives way to gray. 1 g of seeds contains up to 130 pieces.

At industrial production seeds, plants are simply allowed to grow and develop without changing the care, and in summer cottages, gardeners accelerate this process by transplanting the mother plant (mother plant) to another place. When it is planted in a new place, care is changed (for example, the watering schedule), then the plant most likely throws out an arrow from the resulting stress. This is facilitated by high temperatures and increasing daylight hours.

Landing dates

Planting radishes in open ground occurs earlier than other vegetables due to its ability not to suffer from the cold and even easily endure night frosts. Nighttime -6 degrees will not interfere with this vegetable, the main thing is that during the day the temperature rises above +10 degrees, so that shoots appear sooner. If the temperature rises to +15 degrees, then seedlings should be expected in a week, when it is warm in the region of +20, then sprouts appear on the 4th or 5th day.

Usually, radishes begin to be sown in late March or early April, when the sun is already warming up. To speed up the germination process, crops can be covered with a film or agrofibre. The root crop grows best at an air temperature of +20 degrees. When it gets hotter, daylight hours lengthen, the plants rush to shoot, which is why radishes are grown in spring and autumn.

Given that the harvest is taken after 16–20 days for early varieties or 40 days for the latest varieties from the moment of sowing, then you can calculate the time when it is better to plant radishes so that they ripen before the heat.

Seeds can be sown after a few days so that the crop ripens almost constantly, but not at the same time, since radishes, especially early radishes, cannot be stored for more than a few days without loss of taste and useful properties.

They usually take a break for the summer, and then they start sowing radishes again at the end of August or September. Those who want to eat a fresh vitamin vegetable all summer plant it, and then cover the plantings with an opaque covering material from 18-oo daily to reduce daylight hours.

Seeds can be sown unprepared, but in order to increase germination and reduce germination time, they are calibrated, for which they are sieved through a sieve with 2-3 mm cells, and then soaked warm water Or just leave it in a damp cloth overnight. Large seeds will sprout well and with proper care they will grow into large root crops, so when choosing seeds, preference should be given to large ones with a brown color. Grey colour seeds indicates their long storage and warns of poor germination. It is also desirable to disinfect the seeds by soaking for 30 minutes with a bright solution of potassium permanganate. All these manipulations should speed up the process of obtaining a crop and eliminate the disease of plants.

For winter sowing the bed is prepared in the summer, even the grooves are marked, and then they cover it with a film, pressing it down along the edges so that it does not fly away with the wind.

Landing technology

Plant radishes in rows or nests. Between rows leave 10 cm, and between seeds in a row - from 3 to 5 cm, it depends on the expected size of the root crop. If planted in a nesting way, then between the plants on all sides there should be at least 5 cm of free space. If the plants are planted in rows, and every 1 m leave a path, then it will be easier to care for them.

The planting material is placed in a groove or hole, after watering them with hot water, and then they fall asleep and tamp the moist soil so that the depth is no more than 1.5 cm. It is necessary to tamp in order to achieve maximum adherence of the soil to the seed plane, this will accelerate germination. Some experienced gardeners pre-glue the seeds with flour paste at the right distance to narrow ribbons of thin paper (toilet or newsprint), and then simply put this groove in paper tape and covered with earth. To make it easier to sow small seeds, they are dried and mixed with white fine sand, so they can be seen better on dark ground. But such crops will have to be thinned out, it is better to plant each seed in its place. Then, in the process of leaving, you will not need to break through them, that is, to disturb weak roots that are just starting to grow.

During the winter sowing, the seeds are placed in dry ground, the grooves are covered, rammed, and then the bed is mulched with compost, peat or simply dry earth, and snow is thrown on top if it has already fallen. This method will allow the seeds to overwinter at rest (at the same time harden), and then hatch when the ground thaws, and they are fed spring water from melting snow.

Video "Planting an early radish"

See how easy it is to plant radishes outdoors in early spring for a good harvest.

Features care

Caring for radishes involves watering, fertilizing (if necessary), loosening the soil, weeding, thinning, and pest control. Moisture should be constant, but stagnant water will not lead to good, so you need to water as the earth dries up, and to a sufficient depth. root system this vegetable does not develop too much, so moisture should get to the main tap root, to the depth that it reaches, and in some varieties it is 30 cm. It is advisable to carefully read the description of the variety.

The first watering after planting is carried out with warm water, using a watering can with a divider strainer. Warm water is especially useful if watering is done in the evening - it will allow you to keep warm when the temperature drops at night. Then, the growing plants are watered after about 2 or 3 days, but at high temperature and the wind dries the soil quickly, more frequent watering may be needed.

In their short growing period, radishes should not experience nutrient deficiencies if the soil has been fertilized before planting. But if the land is very depleted, then top dressing can be carried out, which is easily combined with watering. A solution of manure is added to the water, bird droppings or mineral fertilizers.

It must be remembered that from an overabundance of fertilizers (especially nitrogen ones), the radish can go into the arrow or simply grow greenery, and not the root crop.

In addition, radishes accumulate nitrates. Therefore, it is better to water with infusion of herbs, wood ash. Such not very concentrated dressings can simultaneously serve as a prevention of fungal diseases and repel pests. So, ash can get rid of slugs, snails, some types of aphids.

From the cruciferous flea, plantings are covered with a film for the duration of its activity. There are, of course, special chemicals for pest control, but many gardeners prefer natural remedies.

Proper care will minimize the risk of infection, pest attacks. So, you need to prevent weeds in the garden, clean plant remains, loosen the ground so that a crust does not form after watering. Moreover, the depth of loosening must be increased as the vegetables grow.

Mulching plantings with peat, compost or simply cut grass will help facilitate care - you will have to loosen the soil less often, weeds will not grow, it will even be possible to water less often, since the moisture will not erode.

Video "Growing early radishes"

Radishes are one of the most commonly grown plants in summer cottages. This is due to the fact that this vegetable is very useful, and caring for it is simple. Growing radishes is available even for beginners, while you only need to follow the rules of watering, which we will talk about in more detail a little later. Breeding begins with soil preparation and sowing of seeds, after which it is necessary to observe only such conditions as the duration of daylight hours, the dependence of the frequency of irrigation on air temperature, loosening the soil.

Growing radishes is available even to beginner gardeners.

Soil preparation for planting

Proper cultivation care involves preparing the soil, which should be loose, fertile, and have neutral acidity. Poor soils are not categorically suitable, as the radish will not receive the proper nutrients. In autumn, they begin to prepare a site for planting, humus and peat are introduced into the soil, a small amount of phosphate, potash fertilizers. Can not use organic fertilizers, the soil in which radish and cabbage grew before.

Also, care involves the complete absence of manure, since leaves grow well from it, but at the same time they completely take everything nutrients at the root.

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Rules for planting radishes

The correct agricultural technique for growing radish suggests that it can be sown in a garden bed where tomatoes grew before. You can start planting seeds at the end of May, around the twentieth of May, which will allow you to get an excellent harvest. The planting depth should be up to two centimes, which is necessary for setting the fruit, the distance between individual rows should be 8-10 cm. Up to 15 g of seeds can be planted per square meter, that is, about 1500-2000 pieces.

To get a rich harvest, sprouted sprouts need to be thinned out, leaving a distance of two centimeters.

Growing radishes from seeds, that is, planting them, is no longer recommended if the daylight hours are more than 12 hours, so it is necessary to plan all work in advance. Optimal time can be called early spring, when the temperature is not yet so high, and the daylight hours are not so great, or the second half of summer.

Care at this time is as follows: the soil is preliminarily watered abundantly, after which the seeds are sown. After the appearance of the first leaves in young plants, they are thinned out, leaving a distance of two centimes. For many novice gardeners, the unsuccessful cultivation of radishes is due precisely to the fact that thinning was not done on time.

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Growing radishes

The technology of growing radishes is extremely simple, only weeding is needed, timely watering, loosening. Let us consider in more detail what conditions are required to obtain bountiful harvest radish.

Radish is very moisture-loving, it requires quite a lot of moisture, especially in hot, dry weather. Radishes should be watered twice a day: in the morning and in the evening. Only in this case, the root crop will be juicy, very dense and tasty. With a lack of water, such a problem as bolting is possible, root crops cease to form, and if they do, they become rough, hollow, the plant begins to sharply throw out arrows.

On cool days, watering should be moderate, even rare, but when warm weather sets in, the amount of water should be increased dramatically. In hot weather, the watering rate should be 10 liters per 1 sq.m of planting.

Watering is also important when the first leaf appears, at this time it is recommended to water the radish every three hours so that it begins to develop correctly - if this is not done, the root crop will become bitter, very hard, but excess moisture is also dangerous - the radish will begin to crack.

Care also applies to daylight hours, if too long the vegetable will become small, tasteless, so in the summer it is recommended to keep a black film ready to cover the beds. The best option is the cultivation of radishes in greenhouse conditions where you can provide all the necessary conditions. Many in the dachas use ordinary greenhouses, which are also great for this. Seeds are recommended to germinate a little before planting in the ground, which will make the vegetable stronger and more stable.

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Causes of Poor Growth

Constant weeding and loosening will help to grow a good harvest.

To grow an excellent crop of radishes, you must fully comply with all recommendations and rules, despite the fact that care is very simple. Many people think that just planting seeds and watering them is enough. But this is far from true. If you do not take care of the vegetable, then problems such as underdevelopment, bolting, flowering may arise. The reason is improper care, but it is worth noting the following:

• long frosts during which the radish was not protected;
• improper care that relates to watering. The lack of water leads to the fact that the soil dries up, and for radishes this means underdevelopment of the root crop and even the death of the plant;
• high temperatures immediately after seed germination also often lead to the fact that the yield and its quality are sharply reduced;
• non-compliance with sowing dates. Often, early varieties are sown too late, that is, the conditions for growth are not met;
• improper lighting, its lack;
• unthinned beds.

In order to avoid such problems, the following measures should be taken:

• constant weeding and loosening;
• plant nutrition;
• watering;
• observance of daylight hours, if necessary, additional artificial lighting is arranged;
• after rains, even not very strong ones, the soil must be immediately loosened.

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Radish diseases: ways to solve problems

The technology of growing radishes is extremely simple, but it still happens that the plant is affected by diseases and insects. Most often this happens when the rules of breeding and care are violated. Radishes cannot be grown on acidic soils, because in this case the vegetable will be affected by a dangerous viral disease- keel, which provokes the development of growths on the root part. Such a plant can no longer be eaten, it is recommended to destroy it, and carefully check neighboring root crops.

Insects such as the cabbage fly and cruciferous fleas also damage the radish in the horse of May. At the same time, sores appear on the leaves of the plant. Pollination with infusion of garlic, ash, tobacco dust can help.

Cruciferous fleas are dangerous because they can destroy all crops before the first shoots appear, so it is best to take preventive measures. To do this, the beds must be constantly weeded, loosened the soil, and sprinkled.

Radishes should not be grown on acidic soils, as this will result in a poor harvest or its complete absence.

Proper care is also necessary to avoid damage from cabbage fly. The insect lays its eggs between May and June on the stems, near the stems in the soil, about a week after that the larvae appear, which begin to gnaw through the roots.

To destroy the insect and prevent its further appearance, you can use the following mixture: 100 g of wood ash and tobacco dust, a teaspoon of ground pepper. It is applied between the rows of radishes, after which the soil is loosened to a depth of two to three centimes every three to four days.

Radishes - early ripening in demand in spring garden vegetable, which contains the vitamins necessary for the body after a long winter. The root crop is rich in sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron. It has a positive effect on the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, promotes recuperation. Planting radishes in open ground is the most popular way to get a rich harvest of a valuable vegetable.

Radishes are widely used in many countries. Covered with a thin skin of pink, white-pink or red, the root vegetable has a sharp taste due to the mustard oil contained in its pulp. Radishes need at least 13 hours of daylight to develop normally. Due to the short growing season, the root crop can be grown throughout the season, ensuring a constant supply of fresh crops.

For radish seeds to germinate, a temperature of 1-2°C is sufficient; the plant develops normally at a temperature of 15-18°C. With warmer air and insufficient lighting during the still short spring day, the plant grows tops, the root crop at this time only coarsens, and does not grow.

Radishes are planted in the ground after the soil has thawed and warmed up. This time usually comes no earlier than mid-April, although the root crop of early varieties in the southern regions is sown already in the last decade of March.

At the end of August and in September, after a summer break, radishes begin to be sown again. When planting radishes in the summer, it is recommended to cover the plantings with an opaque covering material every day from 18 o'clock to reduce daylight hours.

Depending on the region, the timing of sowing radish varies: in different climatic zones soil and air temperature different time reaches the required levels. in the Moscow region and middle lane the period of sowing the root crop to open ground begins in the third decade of March and lasts until the end of May.

In the northern regions and in Siberia, the time for planting radishes comes closer to the beginning of May. In the southern Urals, these dates come a little earlier - from April 20-25. In the southern regions, you can start sowing as early as the end of March.

Location selection

The site for radishes should be closed from the wind and at least in the first half of the day illuminated by the sun. For a root crop, light loose soil with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction is optimal, with a pH in the range of 5.5-7.0 units. Too much acidic soils before planting radishes require liming.

It is good to sow a vegetable in a plot intended for planting tomatoes in the future: by sowing radishes on it weekly until May 20, you can get a good harvest of root crops and at the same time prepare the soil for growing tomatoes.

The root crop can be planted in the area where cucumbers, tomatoes or potatoes used to grow. good harvest radish cannot be grown in the garden after cabbage, radish, daikon, watercress, horseradish, turnip, turnip. It is advisable to change the place for radishes annually, so that each time its predecessors are cultures from a different family.

Soil preparation

Soil preparation is one of the conditions necessary for growing radishes from seeds. The plot for spring sowing begins to be prepared in the fall: shovels dig up the soil with humus or compost to the depth of the bayonet. Then in the spring it is enough to dig the site to a depth of no more than 20 centimeters.

On heavy and cold or poor sandy loamy soils, before growing radishes, it is necessary to add 2-3 kilograms of humus per square meter. The soil for radishes cannot be fertilized with fresh manure.

Variety selection

According to the ripening time, radish varieties for open ground are divided into:

• super-early;
• early ripe;
• mid-season;
• late-ripening.

Super-early (ultra-early) varieties of radish ripen within 18-20 days.

Among them, the most famous are:

1. 18 days - cylindrical roots of saturated color pink with tender juicy pulp, reaching maturity during this period;
2. The first-born is a high-yielding ultra-early hybrid ripening in 16-18 days, the dark red rounded roots of which are large in size, resistant to cracking and bolting.

Early-ripening varieties include radish varieties that ripen 20-30 days after germination. The best among them:

1. French breakfast is a popular variety with cylindrical long fruits weighing up to 45 grams, dark red in color with a rounded white tip. Prone to shooting in extreme heat.
2. White Fang - ripening in 33-40 days, a variety with conical roots white color, reaching a mass of 60 grams and a length of 12 centimeters. The taste is slightly sharp, the pulp is juicy.
3. Ilka - high productive variety with rounded dense juicy roots of a scarlet shade weighing 15-25 grams. Medium-sharp taste without bitterness, the flesh is white and white-pink. The variety is resistant to temperature drop, woodiness of the pulp, formation of porosity, bolting.
4. Heat - ripening in 3 weeks high yielding variety with small rounded dark red roots weighing up to 25 grams. The taste is slightly spicy, the flesh is white or white-pink. Contrary to the name, the variety does not like heat, it should be covered with a canopy, grown in hot weather.
5. Saksa is a long-lasting variety resistant to flowering, which ripens in 23-27 days. Roots round shape weighing about 22 grams, bright red in color, with juicy white flesh with a slightly spicy taste.

In a group mid-season varieties ripening in 30-35 days, the best can be distinguished:

1. Kvant is a productive variety with pinkish-raspberry roots with a delicate taste, ripens in 30 days, and retains elasticity for a long time during storage.
2. Vera - resistant to cracking and stemming productive variety, roots of the same size, bright red.
3. Duro is a popular high-yielding variety, large fruits reach a diameter of 10 centimeters, resistant to cracking, stemming, rusting, well stored.
4. Helios is a variety with round yellow roots, pleasant taste, with juicy pulp.
5. Zlata - a large root crop yellow color, maximum term ripening 35 days, the pulp is juicy and tender.

Among the late-ripening varieties that ripen within 36-45 days, the most popular are:

1. Champion is a high-yielding variety ripening in 40 days, with large raspberry-red roots of an elongated round shape weighing about 20 grams. Delicate juicy flesh of pinkish-white color has good palatability. Root crops do not become soft and flabby for a long time, do not form voids.
2. Rampoush is a variety that ripens in 35-45 days, resistant to bolting, with elongated spindle-shaped white roots with a medium-sharp taste without bitterness.
3. Red giant - resistant to medvedka and cruciferous flea, well-kept productive variety with cylindrical large fruits bright red color up to 14 centimeters long with a slightly sharp taste.
4. Icicle is a variety identical to the Red Giant with white roots.
5. Dungan - cold-resistant variety with root crops elongated shape up to 15 centimeters long and weighing 45-80 grams. Juicy white pulp has excellent taste.
6. Wurzburgsky-59 - a variety with rounded roots with juicy dense pulp, retains elasticity for a long time.

Seeding technology

Radish seeds can be sown unprepared, but to improve germination and reduce germination time, they are calibrated by sifting through a sieve with 2-3 mm cells, and then left overnight in a damp cloth or soaked in warm water.

From large seeds, good seedlings will be obtained and, with proper care, large root crops will grow. When choosing seed material it is better to give preference to large seeds Brown. Gray color serves as a warning about poor germination: long-stored seeds have it. For disinfection, the selected seeds are soaked for 30 minutes in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate.

spring sowing

For sowing radishes, grooves are made 2 centimeters deep at a distance of 15-20 centimeters. Previously, they are shed with water and seeds are densely sown in them. Having closed the grooves, they fill it with loose soil, compact the surface, but do not water it, but cover the bed with a layer of humus or peat 2 centimeters thick.

Before the seeds germinate, the plot is covered with a film for the night (after 5 pm and until the morning). Germination time depends on weather conditions. In good, sunny and dry weather, seeds can germinate already in 3-4 days.

Seedlings are thinned out at the stage of development of the first leaf. Between plants it is recommended to leave a distance of 3-5 centimeters. It is better to immediately sow the seeds at the indicated distance so that later the seedlings do not have to break through, since during this procedure the roots of the main seedlings are often damaged, which can lead to poor development and shooting.

If on personal plot there is very little space; when sowing radishes, a special marker is used - a board with cloves made on it to a depth of 1 centimeter according to a 5x5 cm scheme.

On one square meter, 400 seeds can be placed in this way. Sowing is solid, not in rows. Radishes will grow one to one. Before sowing, the soil should be uniform, moist and free of clods.

The marker is placed on the ground and walked on it, pressing it into the ground. The seeds are laid out in the resulting even holes, covered with earth and pressed with the palm of your hand. From one square meter of beds with such sowing, you can get a crop of up to 5 kilograms.

Planting radishes before winter

Two-year-old winter radishes are planted in late autumn. Landing is carried out from mid to late November, after the onset of frost. Varieties Spartak, Mayak, Yubileiny, Mercado, Carmen are suitable for winter sowing, which germinate even at low temperatures.

At the end of summer, the plot is prepared for sowing: the soil is dug up and applied to 1 square meter in half a bucket of rotted compost or humus and 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and double superphosphate. After fertilizing, the bed is covered with a film and pressed down along the edges with bricks or stones so that the wind does not blow away the shelter.

The difference between autumn sowing and spring sowing is that the seeds must be thrown into dry ground, and after planting the seeds, the bed must be mulched with peat or dry soil. After sowing, the soil surface must be compacted and covered with snow, if by that time it has already fallen.

The advantage of winter sowing is that next year the radish crop can be obtained 2 weeks earlier than the one that the vegetable sown in spring will give.

radish care

Timely watering, top dressing, weeding and loosening of row spacings, pest control are the main procedures for caring for radishes in the open field. A layer of mulch placed on the bed after sowing will greatly facilitate care.

Watering

Radish is a moisture-loving crop. For the normal development of root crops, soil moisture should be about 80%. The plot, especially at first, will have to be watered often, otherwise the radish will be bitter. For the first irrigation after planting, use warm water and a watering can with a divider.

Especially useful warm water if the plants are watered in the evening - when the temperature drops at night, it will keep warm. Insufficient watering can cause the plants to shoot and stop the development of root crops.

If there are rains and thunderstorms in the spring, the radish is watered daily in the morning or after 5 pm. In a dry spring, you will have to moisten the soil in the area in the morning and evening. After the formation of the first true leaf in seedlings, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the soil especially strictly. It is possible to grow tasty and juicy root crops only on the condition that the soil on the beds with radishes is slightly moist all the time.

top dressing

Radishes growing on poor soils need to be fed 2 times during the growing season. On rich soils, one feeding is enough for a root crop. It is necessary to feed radishes with fertilizers that can be applied to the soil without the risk of soaking root crops with hazardous substances.

A balanced mixture of fertilizers will help the radish to form a juicy healthy root crop:

• humus and compost (the amount depends on the type of soil);
• 1.5 liters of wood ash;
• 10-15 grams of ammonium nitrate;
• 10 grams of superphosphate;
• 10 grams of potash fertilizer.

If the soil is fertile, only mineral fertilizers will need to be applied to it.

Pest and disease control

The main enemies of radish are the bear and the cruciferous flea, the rest (caterpillars, aphids, wireworms) do not have time to do much harm to the plant due to its rapid growth.

The cruciferous flea poses a danger to radishes at an early stage of development, since in a few days it can completely destroy young defenseless seedlings. For stronger seedlings, the flea is no longer dangerous.

Spraying the tops with a solution of wood ash will scare away the insect from green young leaves: 50 grams of grated laundry soap and 2 cups of fresh ash are dissolved in 10 liters of water.

Ash can simply be scattered over the site. Both of these methods are not very effective, and the most reliable protection from a flea is the construction of a shelter from arcuate metal supports and a spunbond thrown over them. Radish under such shelter breathes normally, scorching rays the sun does not burn the tops, and the cruciferous flea does not penetrate under the spunbond. Shelter can be removed after the tops of the radish grow.

Medvedka often harms early varieties of radishes in the greenhouse, where she crawls to warm herself in the spring. In open ground, it does not have time to cause great harm to the crop.

Of the diseases for radish, bacteriosis is dangerous, causing premature yellowing of the leaves and rotting of root crops, keel, which is determined by yellow leaves and by swellings and growths on root crops, and blackleg, which affects plants while still in the seedling stage, causing yellowing and curling of the leaves and blackening of the stems at the base.

In order to prevent these problems, it is necessary to choose disease-resistant varieties for growing and observe agrotechnical conditions, and most importantly, remove diseased plants from the site in time.

Kila is fought by cultivating the soil around plants milk of lime(Dilute 2 cups of fluffy lime in 10 liters of water). Milk consumption per plant - 1 liter.

Plants affected by the black leg are treated 2-3 times with a weekly interval with infusion of onion peel (pour 20 grams of peel with a liter of water and insist for a day).

Collection and storage

Radishes do not ripen at the same time, they are harvested selectively, as they ripen. It is better to harvest radishes in the morning, abundantly watering the beds the night before. The root crops are pulled out, the remnants of the soil are shaken off from them, the tops are cut at a distance of 2-3 centimeters from the root crop, and the roots are not cut off at all.

At long-term storage radish becomes flabby and bitter, so it is better to refuse plans for harvesting this vegetable. Juicy fresh radishes can be grown at any time in the garden or in the greenhouse. harvested can be stored in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator in plastic bags for about a week.

If we hear the word "radish", then we immediately remember the movie "Gentlemen of Fortune". But this article is not about a bad person but about tasty and healthy vegetable plant, which is in the garden of every second summer resident. In early spring radish is one of the first sources of vitamins, and besides, with antimicrobial properties.

Radish belongs to the cruciferous family (like cabbage). The most common are its annual (European) varieties, which produce roots and seeds in the first year of sowing. But there is also a two-year-old radish ( Chinese varieties), in which the root crop appears in the first year after sowing, and the seeds - in the second. We will consider only the first (one-year) option, because more often our summer residents grow it.

Root crops can be round, flat-round or cylindrical. Coloring - rich red, pink, white, purple and even yellow.

I confess, I am a fan of varieties with a minimum content of bitterness and round roots. For the most part, I use radishes for salads, sometimes I send young, slightly pubescent leaves there as well.

Choose a place

Select a sunny place isolated from the winds for radishes. It grows in the sun for me, but on the one hand the garden slightly shade the bed.

It turns out that the radish is in the sun for a little more than half a day, but this time is enough: the root crops are juicy, with tender pulp. This culture loves light loose soils (sandy). On my site, the soil is slightly acidic, so there have never been problems with yield, but radishes will definitely grow well on neutral soils. If you can’t grow radishes in any way, it may just be the reaction of the soil. You can determine it yourself, and the publication will help you with this:

Every year I sow radishes in a new place so that there are vegetables from a different family. It is not recommended to sow after, and other cruciferous, as microorganisms accumulate in the soil that can cause diseases characteristic of this family.

Preparing the soil in advance

Radishes are responsive to organic fertilizers in the soil: add humus or (I dig to the depth of a shovel bayonet - about 30 cm). In the spring I loosen the soil to a depth of about 20 cm - already to form small beds, I definitely apply fertilizer.

Sowing radish

I sow radish seeds directly into open ground; I can carry out crops all summer to constantly get a young juicy radish. The first sowing I have is at the end of March, when the ground is still frozen. I sow the next batch in late April or early May. If I want fresh radishes at the end of summer, I re-sow at the end of July.

Under the radish, I make grooves about 3 cm deep at a distance of about 20 cm from each other. If the soil is dry - I spill it, if it is wet - you can not water it. I sow thickly, but after germination, leaving a distance of about 5 cm between the sprouts.

Seeds can germinate already at +5 ° C, but this will take an extremely long time. If the temperature rises to +15 ° С, then shoots will appear in a week, and at +23 ° С shoots can please already on the 4th day. For growth, the optimum air temperature is +20 °C.

radish care

Care is simple: weeding, watering and top dressing.

In the dry summer every day. If the weather is not very hot, I can reduce the amount of watering to 1 time in 2 days. Moisture is very important for radishes, but if it comes in unevenly, then the roots can crack. With an excess of moisture, the radish becomes tasteless, watery. If there is not enough water, then bitterness, elongation, and hardness of the fruit cannot be avoided.

On poor soils for early varieties, you can spend one mineral supplement, for late-ripening varieties - two, but no more. My first experience with feeding radishes was unsuccessful: the doses were too large, which caused rapid growth of foliage and stretching of root crops. However, they were born very small. Don't repeat my mistakes.

Radish varieties

Radishes, like other vegetables, have varieties with various terms ripening: early, middle and late.

You can choose the color you like, a certain degree of sharpness of taste, resistant to shooting. It is not possible to list everything, so I will mention only a few interesting ones (in my opinion).

"Dawn"

This early variety is good for both open and protected ground. It will take 20-26 days from germination to harvest.

Radish variety "Dawn"

The pulp is juicy, dense, the taste is sharp. Fruit weight 10-20 g.

"Early Red"

Good for soil and conditions. It will take about 25-30 days from germination to full maturity.

Radish variety "Early Red""

The variety is attractive for its resistance to shooting. The pulp is tender, dense, white, very juicy. The taste is mild.

"French breakfast"

Grown in open ground, greenhouses, under film cover. Ripens somewhere in 20-23 days.

Radish variety "French Breakfast""

This variety is loved by many summer residents: the fruits are cylindrical, bright scarlet, with a white tip, weighing 20-25 g. The pulp is tender, juicy, with a slightly spicy spicy taste.

"Helios"

It can be grown both in open ground and under a film. It will take 20-30 days from germination to harvest.

Radish variety "Helios""

The rounded yellow root crop has a delicate, slightly spicy taste, reaches a mass of 20-30 g.

Radish "Viola"

From germination to technical maturity, 30-35 days will pass. The pulp of the fruit is juicy, pleasant taste.

Radish variety "Viola". Photo from sortseeds.ru

High resistance to shooting even when grown in summer.

Suddenly, bright raspberry flesh is found inside the greenish-white fruits - it looks very unusual and beautiful.

The fruits are large, 7-8 cm in diameter, the pulp is dense, not very juicy and crispy. The intensity of flavor decreases as it ages.

In conclusion - a few publications that will be useful to anyone who wants to grow good root vegetable- Radishes: Do you grow radishes? Which variety do you like the most?