Proper preparation of the garden in the spring is a guarantee of a good harvest. How to set up a garden on the site: preparing the soil and planting trees

Efficient soil cultivation

Digging up the soil

The first important operation with the land in preparing the site for planting is digging the land (if you do not take into account its release from debris, weeds, leveling, etc.). To start digging, you should understand its depth, as well as the characteristics of the soil. Heavy soil requires digging to a depth of about 50 cm. Medium soil is dug up mainly by 60 cm, and very light, sandy - by 70 cm or more. We should not forget to lay organic fertilizers in parallel with digging, however, manure should not be deeper than 20 cm from the surface. With a sufficiently deep digging (over 20 cm), it is necessary to select stones, roots, etc. from the ground.

As a rule, the soil is dug deep in autumn or winter - before spring and the sowing period, the earth should settle. Deep digging enriches the earth with oxygen, and it is easier for water to reach the lower layers. If the upper soil layer is as fertile as the lower one, then they can be mixed, otherwise you will have to remove upper layer and folded separately, so that after digging up the lower layers, return the upper one back.

Deep autumn digging is carried out early, so that bacteria have time to work on the treated areas before frost. Also in order to make the most of the autumn rains. Moisture will not be absorbed into the uncultivated compacted earth, while the supply of water in the soil is extremely important. Moist land is less watered and less effort is expended on growing crops. In autumn, the soil is dug up by about 30 cm without breaking clods - after frost, by spring they will become crumbly. During this period, manure is applied. With a sufficiently deep digging, the fertilizer is first scattered over the site, after which it is buried by 15 cm and only then proceed to a deeper digging. Also in the fall, they neutralize a variety of pests that, after digging, appear on the surface. Some die there, while others burrow deep into the ground, where they die due to lack of oxygen.

❧ The seeds of some vegetables will germinate better if they are affected for 10-20 minutes alternating current voltage of 3.5 kV / cm, and any seeds that have been in a sealed chamber with gaseous ammonia for 10 ~ 20 minutes sprout 90% better and grow twice as well

In the spring you can see how good the soil is, fertilized and dug up in the fall. It is homogeneous and with excellent structure. If it was dug deep, then in the spring there is no need for a similar procedure - just level it with a rake. You just have to hurry, because under the sun the soil quickly loses such valuable moisture.

When the ground is covered in snow winter period, then it is compacted, therefore it requires a shallow spring digging (8-12 cm).

If digging was not carried out in the fall, then it will have to be done in the spring, but also shallow - 15-18 cm, moreover, when the state of the earth is average between wet and dry. After digging, the earth is immediately combed with a rake.

Soil loosening

Digging is a key mechanical technique for the main tillage, but loosening refers to surface tillage, although it may well be deep. Its essence lies in fine processing, which increases, albeit not as significantly as digging, the access of oxygen to the ground, which contributes to the development of the root system. The layers of the earth during loosening remain in place, and the result is the destruction of the soil crust (surface loosening should be carried out after watering or heavy rain when a crust is just formed), the elimination of weed sprouts, and the large roots are dug up. If the soil is loosened often enough, this reduces the evaporation of moisture and improves the absorption of water into the soil. As technical means when loosening, hoes, choppers and various cultivators are used. Growing vegetables requires regular loosening of the soil to eliminate weeds and improve the soil next to the plants.

There is such a technique - deep loosening, which is carried out in the spring. For this, forks can be used to shift the soil layer. The process is as follows: first, you need to stick the fork vertically into the ground, then tilt it towards you, deepening the fork into the soil, move the handle forward, shifting the layer of earth. Next, you should loosen the surface to a depth of about 8-9 cm, pouring ash, compost into the soil, mineral fertilizers and micronutrients. Deep loosening is used when it is necessary for oxygen and roots to reach the subsoil, but it is not necessary to turn the earth over.

It is also worth mentioning the point of view on loosening (and digging) representatives of quite popular ecological farming. So, they consider it harmful to the soil and try to use it to a minimum. In their opinion, worms and the remains of plant roots are useful because they provide channels for the access of oxygen and moisture, and during loosening (and digging) the internal structure of the earth is disturbed, it sags, the channels disappear with corresponding consequences. In addition, loosening and digging are deadly for earthworms and other microorganisms, due to which the humus layer is formed. And finally, when the soil is dug up, the humus layer mixes with the deep earth, which is not homogeneous, as a result of which the humus layer becomes poorer, which leads to a loss of soil fertility. Constantly mixed with an infertile deep layer, it becomes extremely thinner, and the soil loses its fertility. There are tools such as flat cutters and weeders that minimize the damage from loosening.

For a garden, growing plants without the use of intensive loosening and digging is possible, since there are no plants with a deep root system. Indeed, you can use minimal digging and loosening, and fertilize superficially. And long before planting, because it is necessary to give earthworms the opportunity to assimilate top dressing. If everything is done correctly, then weeds will grow reluctantly, moisture will evaporate less, the structure of the earth will improve and productivity will increase. In any case, before the whole operation, it is necessary to remove the existing weeds by mulching or chemicals. Also, the use of non-digging equipment is justified in the presence of a system of beds.

Soil mulching

Under this intricate name lies an elementary, but very effective agrarian technique, the essence of which is to cover the soil with any materials that protect it from excessive weed growth, drying out, compaction and imbalance of water and air environment in the top layer of soil. As a result of using this technology, the farmer rarely needs to weed and loosen, and water too.

The set of mulch materials is very diverse, you can use different organic and inorganic materials: sawdust, grass, bark, paper, stone, roofing material, film, etc. The most useful organic material is rotted compost without weed seeds.

Naturally, it is better to use organic materials, since they do not retain air and water, rot over time, nourishing the earth with microelements and having a beneficial effect on its structure. But it should be remembered that certain organic matter changes the acidity of the soil, so you need to carefully select materials for mulch.

In this perspective, compost seems to be an ideal mulch, since it does not affect the acidity of the soil in any way (it has a slightly alkaline reaction) and greatly enriches it with nutrients (in particular, phosphorus).

Various wood waste are slightly acidic. They must be composted at least a year before use. If the bark comes into play, then the size of the pieces should not exceed 50 mm. It is good for mulching raspberries, fruit trees and shrubs. Peat has an acidic reaction and is well suited for mulching under plants growing in acidic soil, for example, makes clayey peat loose, so that it passes water and oxygen. On the other hand, peat has a black color, because of which it will heat up under the sun and the earth under this material will overheat. That is, peat is not suitable for continuous mulching, but for powdering rows of vegetables.

The use of freshly cut grass is useful in that it enriches the soil with nitrogen, while dry grass, on the contrary, takes nitrogen from the ground. There should be no weed seeds in the grass. It is better to dry the freshly cut grass a little so that it does not rot in the beds. Before straw is applied, nitrogen fertilizers are applied to the soil.

Eggshells are alkaline and this mulch effectively resists slugs and snails.

The described procedure is recommended late spring. The earth at this time is warm, it has already warmed up, and wet, since the snows have melted. However, there are no strict requirements for the timing of mulching. It is only necessary to take the necessary preparations: remove weeds, thoroughly moisten the soil, fertilize, if necessary, loosen. Then you can use mulch, which is laid in a layer no thicker than 50 mm. Gradually, the layer can thin out due to natural factors, so it should be replenished periodically. However, you need to be aware that mulch laid on poorly heated ground may slow down the development of plants, due to the lower temperature under the mulch compared to the temperature of uncovered ground (by several degrees). In this case, you need to remove the mulch and let the earth warm up for 2-3 warm days.

Anything can serve as an object of mulching: berries, greenhouses, beds, plantations, flower beds, fruit bushes and trees. The stems of plants, the zone of the root collar must be free from covering material, otherwise they may rot. If the plant is perennial, then the mulch can not be removed, but every year the layer should be replenished. Under one-year-olds, a layer of mulch is buried in the ground if there is no need for rotting material, or moved to compost heap so that the material continues to rot. Dry grass can be collected in a separate place for the future.

When mulching, the type and composition of the soil must be taken into account. In particular, sandy-clay soil is heavy, and here it is enough to throw in a covering material with a layer of 20 mm, since with a greater thickness, rotting will begin from below. It is better to add material later. 2-3 gardening seasons will pass, and it will be noticeable how the soil structure has improved.

Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious it is. But, in addition to a delicate sweet taste, they are also very healthy. And here is an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or at home - in a container.

Quite often, even experienced summer residents face difficulties in growing tomato seedlings. For some, all seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain in an apartment ideal conditions for growing seedlings. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient moisture and optimum temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?

Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut- vegetarian salad of boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from a French vinegar sauce, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century, perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for the Austrian herring salad are very similar.

When we dreamily sort out bright bags of seeds in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously sure that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for him in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why the seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.

Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden are happening rapidly. Buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still sleeping yesterday, everything literally comes to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiasis, maniliasis, scab, powdery mildew- the list can be very long.

Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great start to the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce that is seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad quite unusual, this is a dietary version of everyone's favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. The day should start with positive emotions!

Perhaps every woman at least once received a gift blooming orchid. It is not surprising, because such a lively bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids are not very difficult to grow. indoor crops, but not fulfilling the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the right answers to the main questions on growing these beautiful plants in home.

Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins, prepared according to this recipe, are eaten in my family in the blink of an eye. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, exactly the same as mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then granulated sugar can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!

Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual Exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.

I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.

Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, a very nutritious snack is obtained, which is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.

The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Of course, every experienced gardener has his own proven way of growing seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.

The variety of tomato "Sanka" is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even faded yet. Of course, if you follow the recommendations for growing and make an effort, even a novice grower will get a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrosuccess".

Task indoor plants in the house - decorate your home with your appearance, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.

Tender chicken breast cutlets with champignons are easy to prepare according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But, if you add cream to the chicken fillet, White bread and mushrooms with onions, you get awesome tasty cutlets that both children and adults will like. In the mushroom season, try adding forest mushrooms to the minced meat.

Preparation for the gardening season begins in early spring. But before that, at the end of winter, careful planning must be done so that preparatory work proved to be the most effective. If you have a site plan, great. If not, you will have to make a trip to the dacha and conduct a “reconnaissance” of the area. You need to get an accurate idea of ​​what and how much you will grow in the coming season. And as soon as April comes, start preparing the land for the future bountiful harvest.

Start of preparatory work

Preparation of beds in the spring begins, depending on the climatic conditions of your area. Traditionally in the middle lane this is April. The main thing is that the snow melts and the temperature rises above zero.

You should not go "into the field" as soon as last snow disappeared. Wait until the sun dries the top layer of soil, and the moisture from the melting snow goes deeper into the ground.

While the garden looks like a mud bath, the summer resident has something to do. Gardening also requires attention. And so as not to waste precious time on processing and trimming fruit trees and berry bushes do it first.

They need to be freed from insulation and protective shelters, whitened if you have not done this before, sanitary pruned until the buds wake up, and perform preventive treatment in order to save the young green leaves that will soon appear from greedy pests.

How to know that the soil is ready for cultivation

To understand whether or not the land is ready for spring preparation of beds, people have long used a proven method. Take some earth in the palm of your hand and try to crumble it. The soil should break up into small fragments.

If it lies in a sticky block, it is too early to process. But if it crumbles as soon as you touch it, then you are a little late, and the earth has dried up.

You should not wait for the soil to dry out, otherwise you will have to carry out water-charging watering of the entire garden before sowing. To make the soil ready for cultivation faster, for sowing cold-resistant and early crops, pour peat on the remaining snow on the beds. This will speed up the warm-up and allow you to start processing earlier.

Preparation by stages

As with any planned action, spring training the beds have their own stages, each of which must be completed in its own time. Much depends on what garden work were held in the fall.

Digging

If you have not dug up the ground since autumn (it is recommended to do this in October, when the crop is harvested, the remains are removed, but the cold has not yet come in full force), digging will be the first step in preparing for sowing. Don't dig deep in the spring. If a autumn digging it is done 25 cm deep, in the spring 15 cm is enough. But the turnover of the reservoir must be complete so that all the lower part of the soil is on top.

Fertilizer

Simultaneously with digging, the soil is saturated with nitrogen. You can only apply well and completely rotted compost or manure. If in the fall you dug up the garden and added organic matter, you can skip these two steps and go directly to loosening. If you are digging and fertilizing in the spring, wait a week for the soil to recompact slightly.

loosening

The dug up earth must be loosened. The loosening layer should be shallow - 5-10 cm. At the same time, all the roots of weeds are removed so that they do not germinate, becoming an obstacle to the sprouts of sown cultivated seeds. If digging is carried out with a shovel, then for loosening it is better to use a rotary cultivator or, in the case of the formation of earthen blocks, a star roller.

These devices can break up earth seals, give the soil uniformity and light structure.

Weeds and other plant waste that you have removed from the garden can be composted. Also, autumn foliage collected from the site is allowed here, if the trees are not affected by fungal diseases. Plants can be transferred to compost pit manure or sprinkle with humus. In the first case, it will take more time to rot the compost mass.

Leveling and marking ridges

Loose soil must be leveled. This can be done with an ordinary rake. After that, you can start marking the ridges. Traditionally, the maximum width of the beds should not exceed 1.2 m, so that it is convenient to carry out sowing, weeding, breaking through and other plant care work. The length can be any, at your discretion.

Along the edge of the bed, if there is no border on the border with the passage, it is good to fill in earthen rollers, up to 8 cm high. They will not allow moisture to drain from the ridge during irrigation and protect the usable sown area from the penetration of weeds from the outside.

If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe garden allows, create ideal beds, the width of which will be 60-70 cm. Between them, arrange paths of approximately the same width. Then everyone, even tall garden plants, will have enough sunlight, moisture and space in the soil to grow in full force.

Interesting way:

The paths are also dug up, like the ridges, but not as deep, only to remove weed rhizomes from the soil. After the beds are ready, the paths are sprinkled with sawdust or other mulching material. So weeds will not grow on them, which otherwise will soon be on the useful area of ​​​​the garden, interfering cultivated plants and taking away their nutrients.

Can be equipped high beds. This is especially true in the northern regions. Their borders are outlined half a meter wide wooden beam, slate, board, any materials so that you get a kind of box. The inside is filled with earth at a level higher than 35-45 cm than the level of the garden. The width can be about a meter, but not more than 1.2 m.

How to improve the soil

Sometimes it is necessary to improve not only the structure, but also the quality of the soil. In the spring, this is done by fertilizing. To understand exactly what substances need to be applied, evaluate the quality of the soil. This can be done manually by determining the type by the nature of the earthy coma. Clay soils from a coma do not break. Fertile chernozems break up with medium force. Sandstone crumbles instantly.

What can be used.

1. organic fertilizers.
2. mineral fertilizers.
3. Peat or sand bedding.

When applying fertilizers and auxiliary substances, the measure is important. Don't cut many components, choose one or two, depending on the needs of your soil.

What ingredients are added to the soil.

How to cook ridges in greenhouses

In the greenhouse in the spring, it is also necessary to prepare the area for sowing. This is done two weeks earlier than the weather allows you to start preparing in the garden.

Often in greenhouses, crop rotation is not observed very carefully. They have been sown the same crops in their places for years. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully prepare the soil for sowing in a greenhouse.

1. Replace the top layer first. Remove about 15 cm of old soil, take it out of the greenhouse (it can be used on open beds) and fill this place with freshly prepared soil.
2. For topping up, the soil is prepared from soddy soil, river sand, humus and peat in a ratio of 1: 1: 3: 5.
3. Next, the poured soil must be well moistened by choosing any method of watering. It is possible, if there is still snow outside the greenhouse, to throw it on the greenhouse beds. When melted, it will provide the necessary moisture.
4. The last step is loosening, marking the beds and arranging holes or furrows for sowing seeds.

And from your summer cottage will be properly grown seedlings. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, looseness and not too acidic. Such indicators can be achieved provided that the soil for seedlings is properly prepared.

We select components for the soil

A typical mistake of beginner gardeners is to sow seeds in ordinary soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing seedlings of vegetables at home and prefer to buy plants ready for planting. The secret to getting good seedlings is to properly prepare the soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplant and cucumbers should consist of the following components:

1. Humus. It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all. existing species soil.
2. Peat. An integral component of any soil mixture for seedlings. It provides income required amount plant moisture. It also contributes to the creation of good looseness of the soil.
3. baking powder. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after the addition of coarse-grained river sand. This component creates Better conditions for growing garden plants seedling way. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them, they must be treated with boiling water.
4. leaf ground. Distinctive feature of this type of soil is its high friability, but low content nutrients does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leafy land is most often collected in the forest belt, where they grow deciduous trees. Vegetable growers do not recommend using land collected under willow, oak or chestnut, as they prepare the soil for seedlings good quality it will not work: it is too saturated with tannins.

We mix the components

Soil preparation for seedlings is not too complex process, but still, the vegetable grower requires some effort and free time. Therefore, many prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and it is possible to purchase with an acidic environment. Even if you add mineral fertilizers to it for good seed germination and strong seedlings may not be received.

For this reason, the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant experienced summer residents prepared by hand. It is best to do this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and sit down. If you leave it for storage in the barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit him.

Soil preparation for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the earth. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour it into necessary proportions every component.

Experienced vegetable growers are advised to make the composition of the soil for seedlings for different cultures separately, as each vegetable has its own individual needs and preferences.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplant should have the following compositions:

• To one part of soddy land add 1 part of peat and river sand. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of urea per 10 liters of water.
• Mix in equal proportions sod land, and humus. Steam can be added to a bucket of the resulting mixture matchboxes superphosphate and 0.5 liter cans of ash.

To prepare the soil for seedlings of cabbage you will need:

• Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. On a bucket of the mixture, 1 cup (200 g) of ash, 0.5 cups of lime - fluff, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate will not be superfluous. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 glasses.

The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, watermelons is prepared in the following composition:

• one bucket leaf ground mix with the same amount of humus. 1 cup (200 g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g of potassium sulfate, and about 20 g of superphosphate is also added. Everything is thoroughly mixed.

I would like to warn vegetable growers against excessive use of fertilizers when preparing the soil for vegetable seedlings if the base soil used is nutritious in itself. This is due to the fact that on initial stage seed germination, the plant does not require many trace elements. The need for them arises only when the first true leaves appear. Therefore, additional nutrition is usually introduced through liquid fertilizer a few weeks after germination.

Soil disinfection

This process is necessary to remove pathogens from the soil. Disinfect the soil mixture for home seedlings can different ways, one of which is its freezing. But, if this is not possible, then you can use watering with disinfectants or steam treatment.

1. Method one. It is good to pour the prepared fertile mixture with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 l of water), and then carry out additional processing antifungal drugs.
2. Method two. Land for seedlings is placed in a cloth bag or in a perforated container and set to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, ignite the earth in the oven, but along with pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.

After the disinfection process has been carried out, seed material can be placed in the earthen nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings in accordance with all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest on your suburban area. Have a good season!

lovers country life, gardeners and experienced gardeners always trying to prepare fertile soil, which would bring a good harvest of vegetables, fruits, berries. But to achieve this goal, you have to put a lot of effort and time. So that your expenses receive a worthy reward in the form of a large number fruits, you need to know the basic secrets proper preparation soil.

Soil loosening

Before planting vegetable crops it is necessary to dig a piece of land that is allocated for planting. Well-conducted loosening contributes to the enrichment of the earth with oxygen. If the area is small, then you can dig it manually with a shovel or pitchfork. For large area use a walk-behind tractor, capable of loosening the soil in a matter of minutes. After loosening, you need to carefully remove all the rhizomes of weeds and pest larvae. If the soil is clay, then in addition to loosening, you will need to add sand. In the case of a predominance of sandy soil, peat must be added.

soil fertilization

After the area was dug up, loose earth it is necessary to apply mineral fertilizers. To bring it in correct amount, you need to know the exact proportions. To do this, stick to following calculations: 1 m 2 will need 30 grams ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, chlorine-free potash fertilizer. Also among the entire range of fertilizers are sold already ready mixes containing phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium. Simultaneously with mineral additives, the soil must be saturated organic fertilizer in the form of compost wood ash. They must also be scattered on loose earth at the rate of 300-500 grams per 1 m 2. After fertilizing, you need to level the soil with a rake.

Preparing soil for planting flowers

To get blooming beautiful flower bed, you must also prepare right soil. First, choose a sunny place in the summer cottage where the flower garden will be located. Then loosen the soil, followed by the removal of weeds and their roots. The earth must be homogeneous and well fluffed up. If the ground is clay, then do not forget to add a few buckets of sand. Then apply fertilizer, compost to the soil and mix well. Then water the flower bed warm water and let the moisture soak in for a few minutes. The soil for planting flowers is completely ready. Now it remains to choose the types of plants that will decorate the flower garden.

Soil for trees and shrubs

Spring is a great time to plant not only vegetables, but also fruit trees and berry bushes. For good harvest deep fertilization of the soil layers is necessary. Before planting seedlings of fruit trees or shrubs, it is necessary to determine the place, taking into account the free increase in their crown. Then we dig a hole, at least 55 cm deep and about 1 meter wide. Gardeners say that the wider the recess, the better the yield. After that, we separately prepare the soil with which we will fill the pit. Mix two buckets of black soil, add half a bucket of sand and a bucket of compost. Mix everything and fill the recess halfway first. Then pour 2 buckets warm water and let it soak in. The place is ready for planting trees and shrubs. It remains only to lower the seedling into the pit and fill it with the remaining prepared soil.

How to determine the readiness of the soil for planting vegetables?

Planting seeds of vegetable crops in the ground is carried out at a time when the soil is already crumbly and does not get your hands dirty. During this period, the earth warmed up enough and contains the necessary moisture for a good similarity of crops. Soil preparation is carried out in the same way as for a flower bed. But at the same time, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of some vegetable crops. For a good harvest of potatoes, gardeners recommend fertilizing each hole by adding compost.