Wind generators for the home with their own hands. To make adjustments to the calculation, it is necessary to take into account

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AT modern world all more money have to pay for public utilities, which includes the supply of electricity. Therefore, owners of private houses are increasingly thinking about how to make a 220V wind generator with their own hands, which can provide uninterrupted electricity to the whole house.

Industrial wind generator

All wind turbines consist of a blade, a turbine rotor, a generator, a generator shaft, an inverter, and a battery. It is conditionally possible to divide all models into industrial and home ones, while the principle of operation will be the same for them.

Rotating, the rotor creates alternating current with three phases, which goes through the controller to the battery, and then, in the inverter, it is converted into a stable one for supply to electrical appliances.

The rotation of the blades occurs due to the physical impact with the help of an impulse or lifting force, as a result of which the flywheel comes into action, as well as under the influence of a braking force. In the process, the flywheel begins to spin, and the rotor creates a magnetic field on the fixed part of the generator, after which the current is reproduced.

In general, wind turbines are divided into vertical and horizontal. What is connected with the location of the axis of rotation.

Vertical option

When planning to create a 220V windmill with your own hands, first of all, think over the vertical options. Among them are:

• Savonius rotor. The simplest, which appeared back in 1924. It is based on two half-cylinders on a vertical axis. The disadvantages include low use of wind energy.

• With Darrieus rotor. Appeared in 1931, the spin-up occurs due to the difference in the resistance of the aerodynamic hump and the belt pocket, therefore, the disadvantages include a small torque, as well as the need to mount an odd number of blades.

• The blades have a twisted shape, reducing the load on the bearing, increasing the service life. The disadvantage is the high price.

A homemade version will come out cheaper if it is properly thought out and mounted.

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Horizontal Models

Horizontal models are divided by the number of blades. Their efficiency is higher, but there is a need to install a weather vane to constantly search for the direction of the wind. All models have high rotational speeds; instead of blades, they mount a counterweight, which affects air resistance.

Multi-blade models can have up to 50 high-inertia blades. They can be used to operate water pumps.

How to make a 220V do-it-yourself wind generator

To provide private house a constant flow of electricity at an average wind speed of 4 m/s is sufficient:

• 0.15-0.2 kW, which go to basic needs;
• 1-5 kW for electrical equipment;
• 20 kW for the whole house with heating.

It should be borne in mind that the wind does not always blow, therefore, with your own hands, a windmill for the house should be provided with a battery with a charge controller, as well as an inverter to which the devices are connected.

For any model of a homemade windmill, the main elements will be required:

• rotor - the part that rotates from the wind;
• blades, usually they are mounted from wood or light metal;
• a generator that will convert wind power into electricity;
• a tail that helps determine the direction of air flow (for a horizontal version);
• horizontal rail to hold the generator, tail and turbine;
• match;
• connecting wire and shield.

In the complete set of the shield there will be a battery, a controller and an inverter. Consider two options for how to insert wind generator with your own hands.

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Features of assembling a wind generator from a washing machine with your own hands

Consider how to make a 220V wind generator with your own hands using an old-style engine.

Table 1. Detailed instructions for a wind generator from a washing machine with a photo

What needs to be done	Photo example
You should buy neodymium magnets that are mounted in recesses on the motor rotor. The recesses themselves are made on lathe, for correct placement use schema.
Glue the magnets with superglue into the prepared recesses. Then, they should be wrapped with paper, and the rest of the space should be filled with epoxy.
Next, we prepare the axis, which is better to order from a turner. Inside the hollow structure there should be room for the cable and a hole for its entry. We mount the holder from an iron rod. For it, we use a grinder, with which we cut off two tubes (fix the generator on them), and weld on the other end.
We turn to the blades, which can be made from 16 cm pipes for external sewage. In this case, use a jigsaw.
It remains to assemble the wind generator, securing all the elements. To begin with, we attach the generator, blades, rotor and tail to the carrier rail. Do not forget to close the generator with a casing.
The power plant should be attached using a hinge mechanism, and the mast is mounted in concrete base for 4 bolts.
Route the wire to the switchboard.
Connect all elements and perform a performance test.

To make it easier to understand the entire sequence of actions during assembly wind farm do it yourself from the old one, watch the video:

Features of assembling a vertical wind generator from a car generator with your own hands

When "homemade" people think about how to make 220V wind turbines with their own hands, they most often use car generators as a basis. It is easy to assemble, and for work you will need:

• generator 12V from car;
• battery;
• converter from 12 to 220 W with a power of 1.2 kW;
• barrel or bucket aluminum or steel for the blades;
• control lamp from the car;
• switch;
• voltmeter;
• copper wires with a cross section of more than 2 mm;
• clamp for fastening.

To assemble a vertical wind generator with your own hands, you will need a tape measure and a pencil, a set of keys, an electric drill and a grinder, as well as metal scissors. Detailed installation instructions are given below.

Table 2. Assembly of a vertical wind turbine from car generator

Action	Image
The prepared metal container must be marked and cut into 4 equal parts, but this must not be done completely. In each part, drill holes for the bolts, which should be symmetrical.
The blades that are not completely cut are slightly bent, the rotation speed directly depends on this process, so decide in advance in which direction the equipment should rotate.
It is necessary to fix the blades on the pulley, and install the generator on the mast using clamps, and also assemble the wiring according to the prepared scheme.
The main thing is to correctly connect the wires to which the battery is connected in the shield, as well as the converter.

To make it easier for you to navigate, watch the video on the option of assembling a wind generator from a car generator with your own hands.

Since ancient times, mankind has been using the power of the wind. Windmills, sailing ships are familiar to many, they were written about in books and historical films are made with their participation. Nowadays, the wind power generator has not lost its relevance, because. with it you can do free electricity in the country, which can also come in handy if the lights are turned off at the site. Let's talk about homemade windmills, which can be assembled from improvised materials and available parts. For you, we have provided one detailed instruction with pictures, as well as video ideas for several more assembly options. So, let's look at how to make a wind generator with your own hands at home.

Assembly instructions

There are several types wind turbines: horizontal and vertical, turbine. They have fundamental differences, pluses and minuses. The principle of operation of all wind generators is the same - wind energy is converted into electrical energy and accumulated in batteries, and from them it goes to human needs. The most common type is horizontal.

Familiar and recognizable. The advantage of a horizontal wind generator is a higher efficiency compared to others, since the wind turbine blades are always under the influence of air flow. The disadvantages include the requirement for wind above 5 meters per second. This type of windmill is the easiest to make, so home craftsmen often take it as a basis.

If you decide to try your hand at assembling a wind turbine with your own hands, here are a few recommendations. You need to start with the generator, this is the heart of the system, the design of the screw assembly depends on its parameter. For this, automobile, imported ones are suitable, there is information about the use of stepper motors, from printers or other office equipment. You can also use a bicycle wheel motor to make your own windmill to generate electricity.

Having decided on the unit for converting the wind flow into electric current, it is necessary to assemble the gear unit for increasing the speed from the screw to the generator shaft. One revolution of the propeller transfers 4-5 revolutions to the shaft of the generator unit.

When the gearbox-generator assembly is assembled, they begin to find out its resistance to torque (grams per millimeter). To do this, you need to make a shoulder with a counterweight on the shaft of the future installation, and with the help of a load, find out at what weight the shoulder will go down. Less than 200 grams per meter is considered acceptable. Knowing the size of the shoulder, this is our blade length.

Many people think that the more blades the better. This is not entirely true, since we make the wind generator ourselves, and the details of the future power plant of the budget range. We need high speed, and many propellers create more resistance to the wind, as a result of which at some point the oncoming flow slows down the propeller and the efficiency of the installation drops. This can be avoided by a two-bladed propeller. Such a propeller in a normal wind can spin up to and more than 1000 revolutions. Make the blades homemade wind turbine it is possible from improvised means - from plywood and galvanizing to plastic from water pipes (as in the photo below) and other things. The main thing condition easy and durable.

A light screw will increase the efficiency of the windmill and sensitivity to air flow. Don't forget to balance the air wheel and remove bumps, otherwise you will hear howling and howling while the generator is running.

Next important element, this is the tail. It will keep the wheel in the wind flow, and turn the structure in case of a change in its direction.

To make a current collector or not, it's up to you, you may get by with a connector on the cable and periodically, manually unwind the twisted wire. During the test run of the wind generator, do not forget about safety precautions, the blades spun in the wind can chop cabbage like a samurai.

A tuned, balanced windmill is installed on a mast, at least 7 meters high from the ground, fixed with spacer cables. Further, an equally important node, a storage battery, it can be an old car that has lost its capacity or battery. It is impossible to connect the output of a homemade wind generator directly to the battery, this must be done through a charging relay, you can assemble it yourself or purchase it ready-made.

The principle of operation of the relay is to control the charge, and in the event of a charge, it switches the generator and battery to load ballast, the system strives to always be charged, preventing overcharging, and does not leave the generator without load. A windmill without load can spin up quite strongly to high speeds, damage the insulation in the windings by the generated potential. In addition, high speeds can cause mechanical destruction of the elements of the wind generator. Next is a voltage converter from 12 to 220 volts 50 Hz to connect household appliances.

Now the Internet is full of diagrams and drawings, where craftsmen show how to make a wind generator with powerful magnets on their own. Repeat or not, your business, whether it will justify itself, no one knows. But it’s worth trying to assemble a wind power plant for your home, and then decide what to buy and what to leave or make changes. Gain experience and possibly aim at a more serious device. Freedom and Diversity homemade windmills the element base is so extensive and diverse that it makes no sense to describe them all, the basic meaning remains the same - the wind flow spins the propeller, it transmits torque to the gearbox, increasing the shaft speed, the generator outputs voltage, then the relay keeps the charge level on the battery, and from it energy is already being extracted for various needs. Here, according to this principle, you can make a wind generator with your own hands at home. We hope our detailed instructions with photo examples explained to you how to make suitable model windmill for home or garden. We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the assembly master classes homemade device which we have provided in the video below.

Visual video tutorials

To easily make a wind generator to generate electricity at home, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with ready-made ideas in video examples:

On airplanes and helicopters, in addition to electromagnetic converters, they are used as sources of alternating current, synchronous generators SGS series (aircraft synchronous generator) and SGO series (single-phase synchronous generator). On the

rice. 17 shows a diagram of a single-phase alternator.

The principle of operation of a synchronous generator is also based on the use of the laws of electrodynamics.

A two-pole permanent magnet, surrounded by a fixed coil, rotates around the axis. In the active sides, according to the law of electromagnetic induction (the rule right hand) the variable e will be induced. d.s., the amplitude of which is proportional to the magnetic induction B, the length / and the speed v of the conductor, i.e. Emax \u003d Blv. Moreover, e. d.s. in conductors located on opposite sides of the coil, they add up. The resulting e. d.s. will change over time with a period

T = sec, (1.2)

where n is the rotation speed of the magnet, rpm.

Therefore, from the ends of a fixed coil, it is possible to remove an alternating current with a frequency

f = ~T = ~t, sec-

In the general case, when the number of pairs is not 1, but p, then the frequency of the alternating current

In practice, to increase e. d.s. and current instead permanent magnets electromagnets are used, the windings of which are called excitation windings. Usually they are placed on the rotating part - the rotor and are powered by direct current, which is supplied with a brush and rings.

AC windings (single-phase or three-phase) are laid on a fixed part - the stator.

The most common are three-phase synchronous machines, in which the vectors of neighboring phases are shifted relative to each other by 120 electrical degrees. This is achieved by the appropriate spatial arrangement of the three stator windings,

as shown in the diagram (Fig. 18).

Depending on the method of supplying the excitation windings, generators are distinguished with independent excitation and with self-excitation.

In generators with independent excitation, the field winding is powered by direct current from the network (Fig. 19) or from the exciter (Fig. 20) of a parallel excitation DC generator located on the same shaft as the synchronous generator.

In generators with self-excitation, the excitation winding is fed with direct current (Fig. 21), which is obtained by rectifying the generator's alternating current, usually with semiconductor rectifiers.

For self-excitation of a synchronous generator, three conditions must be met:

the magnetic system of the machine must have residual magnetization;

the current in the winding must create a flux in such a direction that would coincide with the flux of residual magnetization;

the resistance of the excitation circuit must be less than a certain value.

The drive of alternators is carried out in the following ways:

direct drive from the aircraft engine shaft;

drive from the aircraft engine shaft through a constant speed clutch;

drive from an auxiliary air turbine engine fed with air from an aircraft engine compressor (turbo drive);

drive from an autonomous gas turbine engine (gas turbine drive).

With direct drive from the aircraft engine shaft, the alternating current frequency changes due to the change in the generator rotation speed. In this case, the voltage is stabilized with the help of carbon regulators (as in DC generators - by acting on the excitation current). The frequency does not stabilize, therefore, only those consumers are connected to the generator, whose operation does not depend on the change in the frequency of the alternating current.

In the shaft drive from the aircraft engine through a constant speed clutch located between the drive and driven shafts, a change in the gear ratio between the shafts ensures a constant speed of rotation of the generator. Hydraulic, mechanical and electromagnetic devices are used as a clutch.

In a turbo drive, air from an aircraft engine compressor is supplied to the inlet of an air turbine, passes through a nozzle apparatus, a turbine wheel and is released into the atmosphere. The speed of rotation of the turbine, which is fed through the gearbox to the generator, is controlled by changing the flow area of ​​the nozzle.

The gas turbine drive ensures the operation of the generators when the aircraft engines are not running. Several generators can be rotated from one gas turbine engine at once.

All three of the last drives allow you to stabilize the frequency of the alternating current, which is necessary for the parallel operation of synchronous generators.

The device of aircraft synchronous generators. Synchronous generators installed on airplanes and helicopters have a closed design, flange mounting and are cooled by air blown through the internal cavity of the generator.

Depending on the location of the excitation winding, generators are of normal and inverse design. Under the normal design of the generator is understood such that the excitation winding is placed on the rotor, and the alternating current winding is placed on the stator of the generator. In reverse design generators, the excitation winding is located on the stator, and the alternating current winding is located on the rotor.

On rns. 22 shows a diagram of the SGO 8 generator (inverted design).

The beginnings of the three phases of the AC winding are brought out through slip rings to the terminal box (terminals Cl, C2, C3). To the terminals Uі, £/2, connected to the excitation winding of the generator, a DC voltage is applied. The field winding coils are located on the stator poles.

On airplanes and helicopters, three-phase synchronous generators are often used to provide single-phase alternating current, the voltage of which is taken from two terminals. For example, from terminals C1 and C2 or from C2 and C5, etc.

A wind generator made from a car generator can help in a situation where there is no way to connect to a power line in a private house. Or serve as an auxiliary source alternative energy. Such a device can be made with your own hands from improvised materials, using the achievements of craftsmen. Photos and videos will demonstrate the process of creating a homemade wind turbine.

Wind generator design

There is a huge species diversity wind generators and drawings of their manufacture. But any design includes the following mandatory elements:

• generator;
• blades;
• storage battery;
• mast;
• the electronic unit.

With some skills, you can make a wind generator with your own hands

In addition, it is necessary to think over the control and distribution system of electricity in advance, draw an installation diagram.

wind wheel

The blades are perhaps the most main part wind generator. The operation of the remaining components of the device will depend on the design. They are made from different materials. Even from plastic sewer pipe. Blades from a pipe are easy to manufacture, are cheap and are not affected by moisture. The wind turbine manufacturing process is as follows:

1. It is necessary to calculate the length of the blade. The diameter of the pipe should be equal to 1/5 of the total footage. For example, if the blade is meter long, then a pipe with a diameter of 20 cm will do.
2. We cut the pipe with a jigsaw along into 4 parts.
3. We make a wing from one part, which will serve as a template for cutting subsequent blades.
4. We smooth out the burr on the edges with an abrasive.
5. The blades are fixed to an aluminum disk with welded strips for fastening.
6. Next, the generator is screwed to this disk.

Blades for wind wheel

After assembly, the wind wheel needs to be balanced. It is fixed on a tripod horizontally. The operation is carried out in a room closed from the wind. If the balance is correct, the wheel should not move. If the blades rotate themselves, then they need to be sharpened to balance the entire structure.

Only after the successful completion of this procedure, you should proceed to check the accuracy of rotation of the blades, they should spin in the same plane without skew. An error of 2 mm is allowed.

Generator Assembly Diagram

Mast

An old one is suitable for making a mast water pipe with a diameter of at least 15 cm, a length of about 7 m. If there are buildings within 30 m of the proposed installation site, then the height of the structure is adjusted upwards. For effective work wind turbines raise the blade above the obstacle by at least 1 m.

The base of the mast and pegs for fixing the guy wires are concreted. Clamps with bolts are welded to the stakes. For stretch marks, a galvanized 6 mm cable is used.

Advice. The assembled mast has a considerable weight, with manual installation you will need a counterweight from a pipe with a load.

Alteration of the generator

For the manufacture of a windmill generator, a generator from any car is suitable. Their designs are similar to each other, and the alteration comes down to rewinding the stator wire and making the rotor on neodymium magnets. Holes are drilled in the poles of the rotor to fix the magnets. Install them by alternating poles. The rotor is wrapped in paper, and the voids between the magnets are filled with epoxy.

car alternator

In the same way, you can remake the engine from an old washing machine. Only magnets in this case are glued at an angle to avoid sticking.

The new winding is rewound along the coil onto the stator tooth. You can make a bulk winding, it's convenient for anyone. How more quantity turns, the more efficient the generator will be. Coils are wound in one direction according to a three-phase scheme.

The finished generator is worth trying out and measuring the data. If at 300 rpm the generator produces about 30 volts, this is a good result.

Wind turbine generator from a car generator

final assembly

The generator frame is welded from profile pipe. The tail is made of galvanized sheet. The rotary axis is a tube with two bearings. The generator is attached to the mast in such a way that the distance from the blade to the mast is at least 25 cm. For safety reasons, a calm day should be chosen for the final assembly and installation of the mast. The blades under the influence of a strong wind can bend and break on the mast.

To use batteries to power equipment that runs on 220 V, you will need to install a voltage conversion inverter. The battery capacity is selected individually for the wind generator. This indicator depends on the wind speed in the area, the power of the connected equipment and the frequency of its use.

Wind generator device

To prevent the battery from failing from overcharging, you will need a voltage controller. You can make it yourself if you have sufficient knowledge in electronics, or buy ready-made. There are many controllers for alternative energy mechanisms on the market.

Advice. To prevent the blade from breaking when strong wind, install a simple device - a protective weather vane.

Wind turbine maintenance

A wind generator, like any other device, needs technical control and service. For the smooth operation of the windmill, the following work is periodically carried out.

Scheme of the wind generator

1. The current collector requires the most attention. Generator brushes need cleaning, lubrication and preventive adjustment every two months.
2. At the first sign of a blade malfunction (trembling and imbalance of the wheel), the wind generator is lowered to the ground and repaired.
3. Once every three years metal parts coated with anti-corrosion paint.
4. Regularly check the fastenings and tension of the cables.

Now that the installation is complete, you can connect appliances and use electricity. At least as long as it's windy.

DIY windmill generator: video

Wind generator for a private house: photo

The inexhaustible energy that air masses carry with them has always attracted the attention of people. Our great-grandfathers learned how to harness the wind to the sails and wheels of windmills, after which for two centuries it rushed aimlessly across the boundless expanses of the Earth.

Today for him again found useful work. A wind generator for a private house from the category of technical innovations is becoming a real factor in our life.

Let's take a closer look at wind farms, evaluate the conditions for their cost-effective use and consider existing varieties. Home craftsmen will receive in our article information for reflection on the topic self assembly windmill and devices necessary for its efficient operation.

What is a wind generator?

The principle of operation of a household wind farm is simple: air flow rotates the rotor blades mounted on the generator shaft and creates an alternating current in its windings. The resulting electricity is stored in batteries and used as needed by household appliances. Of course, this is a simplified scheme of work. home windmill. In practical terms, it is complemented by devices that convert electricity.

Immediately behind the generator in the energy chain is the controller. It converts three-phase alternating current into direct current and directs it to charge batteries. Most household appliances cannot work on a “permanent” basis, so another device is placed behind the batteries - an inverter. It performs the reverse operation: it turns direct current into household alternating voltage of 220 volts. It is clear that these transformations do not pass without a trace and take a fairly decent part (15-20%) from the initial energy.

If the windmill is paired with solar battery or another electricity generator (gasoline, diesel), then the circuit is supplemented circuit breaker(AVR). When the main current source is turned off, it activates the backup.

To receive maximum power the wind generator should be located along the wind flow. AT simple systems the weather vane principle is implemented. To do this, at the opposite end of the generator is fixed vertical blade, turning it towards the wind.

In more powerful installations, there is a rotary electric motor controlled by a direction sensor.

The main types of wind turbines and their features

There are two types of wind generators:

1. With horizontal arrangement rotor.
2. With vertical rotor.

The first type is the most common. It is characterized high efficiency(40-50%), but has elevated level noise and vibration. In addition, its installation requires a large free space (100 meters) or a high mast (from 6 meters).

Generators with a vertical rotor are less energy efficient (the efficiency is almost 3 times lower than that of horizontal ones).

Their advantages include simple installation and reliable design. Low noise level allows you to install vertical generators on the roofs of houses and even at ground level. These installations are not afraid of icing and hurricanes. They are launched from a weak wind (from 1.0-2.0 m/s) while horizontal windmill you need an air flow of medium strength (3.5 m / s and above). According to the shape of the impeller (rotor) vertical wind turbines very varied.

Rotary wheels of vertical windmills

Due to the low rotor speed (up to 200 rpm), the mechanical resource of such installations significantly exceeds the performance of horizontal wind generators.

How to calculate and choose a wind generator?

The wind is not natural gas, pumped through pipes and not electricity, uninterruptedly flowing through wires to our house. He is capricious and fickle. Today a hurricane tears off roofs and breaks trees, and tomorrow it is replaced by complete calm. Therefore, before buying self-manufacturing wind turbine, you need to assess the potential of air energy in your area. To do this, determine the average annual wind force. This value can be found on the Internet upon request.

Having received just such a table, we find the area of ​​\u200b\u200bour residence and look at the intensity of its color, comparing it with the rating scale. If the average annual wind speed is less than 4.0 meters per second, then there is no point in installing a windmill. He won't give the right amount energy.

If the wind strength is sufficient to install a wind farm, then you can proceed to the next step: selecting the generator power.

If we are talking about autonomous power supply at home, then the average statistical consumption of electricity by 1 family is taken into account. It is in the range from 100 to 300 kWh per month. In regions with low annual wind potential (5-8 m/sec), such an amount of electricity can be generated by a 2-3 kW wind turbine. It should be taken into account that in winter the average wind speed is higher, so energy production during this period will be greater than in summer.

The choice of wind generator. Estimated prices

Prices for vertical domestic wind turbines with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 kW are in the range from 90 to 110 thousand rubles. The package at this price includes only a generator with blades, without a mast and additional equipment (controller, inverter, cable, batteries). A complete power plant, together with installation, will cost 40-60% more.

The cost of more powerful wind turbines (3-5 kW) ranges from 350 to 450 thousand rubles (with additional equipment and assembly work).

Windmill with your own hands. Fun or real savings?

Let's say right away that it is not easy to make a wind generator with your own hands full-fledged and efficient. Proper calculation of the wind wheel, transmission mechanism, selection of a suitable generator in terms of power and speed is a separate issue. We will give only brief recommendations on the main stages of this process.

Generator

Automotive generators and electric motors from washing machines direct drive is not suitable for this purpose. They are able to generate energy from the wind wheel, but it will be negligible. For efficient operation, autogenerators need very high speeds that a windmill cannot develop.

Washer motors have a different problem. There are ferrite magnets, and for a wind generator, more productive ones are needed - neodymium. process them self-assembly and winding current-carrying windings requires patience and high precision.

The power of a do-it-yourself device, as a rule, does not exceed 100-200 watts.

AT recent times motor-wheels for bicycles and scooters are popular among do-it-yourselfers. From the standpoint of wind energy, these are powerful neodymium generators, optimally suited for working with vertical wind wheels and charging batteries. Up to 1 kW of wind energy can be removed from such a generator.

Motor-wheel - a ready-made generator for a homemade wind farm

Screw

Sailing and rotary propellers are the easiest to make. The first consists of light, curved tubes mounted on a central plate. Blades made of durable fabric are pulled onto each tube. The large windage of the propeller requires hinged fastening of the blades so that during a hurricane they fold and do not deform.

The rotor design of the wind wheel is used for vertical generators. It is easy to manufacture and reliable in operation.

Homemade wind turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation are powered by a propeller. Home craftsmen collect it from pvc pipes diameter 160-250 mm. The blades are mounted on a round steel plate with a mounting hole for the generator shaft.