Automatic lighting switch based on PIR. Diagrams of devices for automatic switching on headlights

On many modern cars, automatic headlights, also called "evrosvet", has long been the norm. In countries where legislation obliges car owners to drive with dipped headlights on (including Russia), this feature is very convenient, and a number of car owners who lack this feature are thinking about implementing it.

Advantages of automatic headlights

• The driver's forgetfulness factor is eliminated (in any case, the headlights on a moving car will be turned on, and you cannot forget to turn them off).
• In case of a sudden change in illumination, for example, when entering a tunnel, the car will illuminate the road immediately, without delay for the driver's reaction time.

Possible options for the operation of automatic switching on of headlights

• Turn on/off synchronously with ignition. This method is the simplest, but it has a certain disadvantage: if you need to park with the ignition on, the car battery can be easily discharged.
• Automatic inclusion of headlights at start of the car engine. This option can be called optimal.

Independent connection of Eurolight

Depending on the design of the car, the solution may be different, we list the most characteristic points:

Important Points

First of all, soberly assess your skills and experience, especially when it comes to the situation described in the third paragraph of the previous subsection. It is better to part with a certain amount of money for skilled work an auto electrician than trying hard to do it on your own and making yourself unnecessary problems.

All interventions in the electrical circuit are best done inside salon, to protect the tie-in points in the standard wiring from the influence environment. Competently executed and insulated twisting, contrary to popular belief, not only is not inferior to soldering as a connection, but also surpasses it in resistance to vibration. The additional relay you have used must be rigidly fixed.

The power supply circuits of the power contacts of the backup relay and its control winding in without fail must be protected by fuses. This can be guaranteed by connecting a relay after the fuse box.

Wiring branches should not have tension with any of its possible movement, and in places of its inflection near the metal parts of the body, it is mandatory to use PVC insulating tube(tubing).

You can often hear that the same result can be achieved without the use of additional relays by inserting a jumper in the right place on the car's mounting block. Such advice should be extremely skeptical, since often their authors do not have any auto electrician qualifications and following their recommendations can lead to sad consequences, for example, if in reality this jumper will turn on the headlights bypassing the fuse.

Outcome

In most cases, the implementation of the "Scandinavian light" on the car is not a big problem and can be done independently. It is important to remember that, like any intervention in the electrical wiring of a car, this work requires great care and attention to detail, and only in this case will it be a complete success.

An automated lighting system is a computerized network that, like a smart home, is capable of responding to various external events and changing the mode of operation of devices connected to it. The latter are groups of wall or ceiling lights, emergency lighting lamps or garden lights - that is, any lighting fixtures.

They connect to the network using special controllers. A variety of sensors and detectors are responsible for registering "events". So, the light sensor registers a decrease in the level of illumination - it got dark outside the window, twilight thickened.

The corresponding signal is received from the device, processed, then the control command is transmitted to the desired controller, including one or another group lighting fixtures.

POSSIBILITIES OF "SMART LIGHT"

Firstly, turning the light on and off depending on the level of illumination in the house and on the street using a light sensor) and on the presence of people in the room (the presence sensor is triggered).

Secondly, the choice of one of several lighting options in accordance with a given scenario. For example, at night, the overhead light is turned off, the backlight, nightlight, etc. are turned on. Another option is during operation home theater the brightness of all the included lamps gradually decreases until it is completely turned off.

The hallmark of the "smart home" is the lighting control system, which, thanks to modern technologies can be fully automated. Just imagine how convenient and, of course, spectacular when the light turns on by itself!

How to equip an automatic on / off light system?

Thirdly, setting the light level depending on the scenario.

Fourth, imitation of the presence of people in the house. Automation turns on and off different groups lighting fixtures, so that from the side it seems that there is someone in the house.

MANY HOME OWNERS NEED TO HAVE A VARIETY OF REMOTE LIGHT CONTROL CAPABILITIES IN THE INTELLIGENT LIGHTING SYSTEM

Let's start designing

If you are going to complete automated system lighting, large-scale transformations must be preceded by careful planning. Conduct an audit of the house, count the number of lighting groups, determine their purpose. Depending on the volume and complexity of the tasks, you should choose the way to solve them.

For example, you counted six groups of lighting - two rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom, a corridor and a garden (outdoor lighting). In the garden, the light comes on at dusk, in the house - at night and in the presence of people in the premises, in the corridor - only during movement and only for a short time.

In addition, in order to remotely control the light from a smartphone, it is necessary to provide traditional switches in each room. If your requirements are not too complicated, then perhaps the project can be implemented using a ready-made solution for automating apartments and cottages (a kind of "smart home" in one box). Similar products offer major manufacturers electrical installation and electrical products, as well as software developers for "smart home" (for example, HDL, Insyte, Jung, Legrand, WAGO).

Ready-made solutions have a number of advantages. So, individual components systems almost always correspond to each other. Do we assemble the final scheme from the elements of the system home automation MyHome (Legrand), Smart Visu Server (Jung) or choose a ready-made "smart home" in one box from Insyte - we operate within the "one constructor". Of course, not everything can be integrated within a single system, moreover, to solve complex problems when it is necessary to combine lighting, heating, security, multi-room and air conditioning projects into one scheme, it is worth using the services of professional designers who are engaged in smart home installations. When choosing specialists, you should focus on a portfolio that allows you to get an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bits experience.

What is the cost of the system intelligent lighting? The price of finished projects largely depends on the cost of the components. As practice shows, inexpensive option"smart home" for an apartment or small cottage will cost from 100-150 thousand rubles. up to several hundred thousand rubles.

WHICH PROTOCOL IS BETTER?

System components exchange information and commands using a specific code - a data transfer protocol. LonWorfcs, LanDrive, KNX, DALI, MyHome, HDL Buspro protocols are widely used. Some, such as LonWorks or KNX, provide primarily wired communication, although other communication options are possible. Others, such as ZigBee, EnOcean, are designed for wireless communication technology via a radio channel. The DALI protocol is adapted for lighting control, unlike the others, which are considered universal, and can be integrated into the upper levels of automation.

OPINION OF THE SPECIALIST

As a rule, not only lamps are controlled by the DALI protocol. It makes it easier to dim lighting and group fixtures. For example, you want to divide one lighting group into two, which is difficult in KNX or with conventional wiring, since you need to lay additional cables (wires from each group go to the cabinet). And with the DALI bus, it is enough to reprogram a group of luminaires. Also in the DALI system, you can receive various statuses from devices. A big plus of the protocol is its integration into various bus systems.

HOW THE SYSTEM "IN ONE BOX" IS DESIGNED

The smart lighting system includes central block control (if the system is centralized), a set of devices that send signals about any events to the control unit, and a set of controller devices that actuate actuators.

To organize the work, you will also need power supplies or (for example, for LED strips) drivers - electronic devices, in which it is not the voltage that is converted and stabilized, but the current strength.

AT finished projects most commonly used wireless technology. Such solutions are much easier in terms of installation. Let's say Insyte's "smart home" consists of several blocks, each of which must be placed in the premises of the house to be automated.

Inside the block there can be an IP video camera, a microphone for voice control, an IR transceiver for controlling AV equipment and air conditioners, two outputs for controlling lighting, a dimmer for smooth adjustment of lighting, an output for controlling curtains, inputs for connecting external sensors, Wi -Fi-module for communication and control, built-in power supply. The system automatically finds the components, connects and configures. The installer only connects necessary elements systems - sensors, lighting groups, curtain control mechanism.

AT Smart system Visu Server (Jung) is a compact device mounted on a wall or on a DIN rail. The main components are connected using twisted pair.

To set up and manage smart home» the application is used for mobile devices Smart Visu Server.

INTELLIGENT SENSORS

Motion and presence sensors detect activity in the area of ​​sensitivity. At the same time, a built-in photosensitive element registers the level of illumination, if it is insufficient, it turns on the light. The presence sensor is equipped with a more advanced optical system, registering even small movements, so these devices are usually more expensive. From latest developments in this area, we note the PD2N-LED-M-1C sensor (B EG Luxomat) with built-in illumination. Energy-saving LEDs in its housing give soft light, which allows the pelvis to adapt faster when bright lights are turned on.

LED LIGHTENING

Lighting devices serve as the actuators of the system. In a modern home, as a rule, LED lighting sources are used, usually made in the form of lamps with an E27 or E14 base (minion) or LED strips and panels. LED lightening has a number of advantages over incandescent and energy-saving (fluorescent) lamps. First of all, LEDs are economical, reliable, have long term services. Colored LED strips allow you to implement scenarios with a change not only in brightness, but also in the shade of the light flux.

When designing LED lighting systems, a number of conditions must be observed in order for the equipment to work as long as possible.

So, LEDs are very sensitive to changes in current strength: they do not tolerate even higher resistance created by connecting wires that supply electricity from the power supply. For reliability, it is recommended to connect LED strips with a cable with a core cross section of 6-10 mm 2.

Although this requirement will seem overstated to many, such a cable allows you to power electric stove or a sufficiently powerful water heater. In addition, the power supply should not be placed too far from the LED strip, the maximum distance is 28-30m.

OPINION OF THE SPECIALIST

Why do reliable LEDs fail? Almost always, the reason lies in installation errors. So, electricians often do not install cooling radiators for the tape ( aluminum profile) and use a cable of insufficient cross section for installation.

To correctly select the cable of minimum cross section for connection from the power supply to led strip, you must use one of the "formulas" that takes into account the planned length of the wire. "Formula" N91 (for copper cable up to 10 m) 1A = 0.5mm 2 "Formula" No. 2 (for copper cable up to 30 n) 1A = 0.76mm 2

For example, for a tape with a current of 2 A (D8 W / 24 V, 24 W / 12 V), a cable with a cross section of 1 mm 2 is selected if the length of the latter is up to 10 m, and a cross section of 1.5 mm 2 when the length does not exceed 30 m.

In addition, a copper cable (made in accordance with GOST) should be used for installation. But a copper-plated cable or one made according to specifications can significantly reduce the brightness of LED equipment.

The tape must be mounted on aluminum surfaces. Since it heats up quite strongly during operation, the profile performs the function of a heat sink. If you mount the tape on drywall or furniture, then its service life will be drastically reduced.

DO NOT FORGET ABOUT THE FUTURE

In intelligent lighting systems, experienced designers are trying to lay additional features to increase power. Practice shows that there are always some elements in the lighting system that can be improved - add, for example, automatic lighting garage, front entrance, house adjoining space. Therefore, it makes sense to listen to the installers if they offer you to play it safe by adding a more powerful controller, an additional cable line and other “useful little things” to the system being designed.

100 pieces. hyacinth bonsai, perennial hyacinth potted plants, Indoor lung…

Electricity consumption for lighting purposes can be markedly reduced by achieving good performance of the lighting installation at any given time.

To achieve a more complete and clear account of the presence of daylight, as well as accounting for the presence of people in the room, it is possible by applying facilities automatic control lighting (SLA). The lighting load is controlled by 2 main methods: turning off all or part of the lighting devices (discrete control) and smooth power configuration of lighting fixtures(similar for all or personal).

To discrete lighting control systems First, there are different photorelays (photoautomatic devices) and timers. The principle of the first is based on turning the load on and off by signals ambient light sensor.

The second ones switch the lighting load depending on the time of the day according to the previously programmed program.

Discrete lighting control systems also include vending machines equipped with presence sensors. They turn off the lighting in the room after a given gap of time after the last person leaves it. This is a more economical form of discrete control systems, but the side effects of using them include the likely reduction in lamp life due to frequent switching on and off.

Systems for smooth control of lighting power on its own device is somewhat more difficult. The principle of their action is explained by a sketch.

In the near future, many foreign firms mastered the creation equipment for automation of internal lighting control. Modern systems lighting controls combine significant energy saving capabilities with the greatest convenience for users.

Automatic lighting control systems, designed for use in public buildings, perform the following functions common to this type of product:

Accurate maintenance of artificial lighting in the room at a given level. This is achieved by introducing a photocell into the lighting control system, which is located inside the room and controls the illumination created by the lighting installation. This function alone allows you to save energy by cutting off the so-called "excess light".

Accounting for natural light in the room. Despite the presence in the vast majority of premises natural light during daylight hours, the power of the lighting installation is calculated without taking it into account.

If you keep the illumination created together with the lighting installation and natural light at this level, then you can further reduce the power of the lighting installation at any given time.

At certain times of the year and hours of the day, there may even be the introduction of the 1st natural light. This function can be carried out by the same photocell as in the previous case, provided that it tracks the full (natural + artificial) illumination. With all this, energy savings can be 20 - 40%.

Accounting for the time of day and day of the week. Additional energy savings in lighting can be achieved by turning off the lighting installation at certain hours of the day, as well as on weekends and holidays. This measure allows you to perfectly fight the forgetfulness of people who do not turn off the lighting at their workplaces before they leave. To implement it, the automatic lighting control system must be equipped with its own real-time clock.

Accounting for the presence of people in the room. When equipping the lighting control system with a presence sensor, it is possible to turn on and off the lighting devices, depending on whether there are people in the room. This function allows you to spend energy more normally, but its use is far from being justified in all rooms. In some cases, it can even shorten the life of lighting equipment and create an unpleasant memory when working.

The energy savings obtained by turning off lighting devices according to the signals of the timer and presence sensors is 10 - 25%.

Remote wireless control of the lighting installation. Although such a function is not automatic, it is often found in automatic systems ah lighting control due to the fact that its implementation on the basis of the electronics of the lighting control system is very ordinary, and the function itself adds significant convenience to the management of the lighting installation.

The methods of specific control of the lighting installation are the discrete switching on / off of all or part of the lighting devices by the commands of the control signals, as well as a stepwise or smooth decrease in the lighting power depending on the same signals.

Due to the fact that modern adjustable electric gears have a non-zero lower control threshold, in modern automatic lighting control systems a composition of smooth control is used right up to the lower threshold with a complete shutdown of the lamps in the luminaires when it is reached.

Automatic lighting control systems can be conditionally divided into two main classes - the so-called local and centralized.

It is typical for local systems to control only one group of lighting fixtures, while centralized systems allow the connection of a virtually endless number of separately controlled groups of lighting fixtures.

In turn, according to the covered area of ​​management local systems can be subdivided into "lighting control systems" and "room lighting control systems", and centralized special (only for lighting control) and general purpose (to manage all engineering systems buildings heating, air conditioning, fire and burglar alarm etc.).

Local "luminaire control systems" almost always require no additional wiring, and sometimes even reduce the need for wiring. Structurally, they are produced in compact cases, fixed directly on the lighting device or on a test tube of one of the lamps. All sensors usually form one electrical appliance, in turn, integrated into the body of the system itself.

Often, sensor-equipped lighting devices communicate with each other through the passages of an electronic network. Because of this, even if there is only one person left in the building, the lighting devices in his path will remain on.

Centralized lighting control systems

Centralized lighting control systems, more closely related to the name "mental", are built on the basis of processors that provide the possibility of virtually simultaneous multi-variant control of a significant (up to several hundred) number of lighting fixtures. Such systems can be used either only for lighting control, or also for interaction with other building systems (for example, with telephone network, security, ventilation, heating and sun protection systems).

Centralized systems also issue control signals to lighting fixtures based on signals from local sensors. But the signal conversion takes place in a single (central) node, which provides additional ability to manually control the lighting of the building. Immediately, it is much easier to manually change the method of operation of the system.

In systems of centralized remote or automatic lighting control, the power supply of the control circuits is allowed from the strip supplying the lighting.

For rooms with zones with various criteria natural lighting, the control of working lighting should ensure the switching on and off of lighting devices in groups or rows as the natural illumination of the premises changes.

The available range of automatic lighting control systems (LCS) is divided into three classes:

1) LMS lighting device- simple compact system, which is structurally part of a lighting fixture and controls only or one group of several nearby lighting fixtures.

2) — standalone system, which controls one or more groups of lighting fixtures in one or more rooms.

3) building control system - a centralized computerized control system covering lighting and other systems of an entire building or a group of buildings.

Most of the manufacturing companies lighting control systems (LMS) lighting fixtures these systems are manufactured as separate units that can be integrated into various types of lighting fixtures.

The indisputable advantage of the LMS of lighting devices is the simplicity of their installation and operation, as well as reliability. The FCS that do not require power supply are especially reliable, because the power supply units of the FCS and power-consuming microcircuits are more susceptible to failure.

But if you want to control lighting installations large rooms or, for example, there is a problem of personal control of all the lamps in the room, the lighting control systems turn out to be a rather expensive means of regulation, because they require the installation of one control system for one lighting device. In this case, it is more convenient to use, which contain fewer electrical components than required in the past, and therefore are cheaper.

are blocks placed behind false ceilings or structurally built into electronic switchboards. Systems of this type, as a rule, produce one function or a fixed set of functions, the choice between which is made by rearranging the toggle switches on the case or the remote control panel of the system.

Such control systems are relatively simple to manufacture and are usually built on discrete logic circuits. Room control room sensors are always remote, they must be located in a room with controlled lighting installations and they need special wiring, which is a certain practical inconvenience.

Article creator: Sun Cheek

Every year, automotive technology develops more and more. About a decade ago, laser headlights were considered more science fiction than car parts. And today some production cars are equipped with them ... Progress is moving around the planet by leaps and bounds. Surely, in a couple of years, a full-fledged autopilot function will appear on cars, and then the driver will be able to do his own business while driving, without being distracted by himself ...

Automatic dipped beam is very useful feature allowing less distraction for the driver

But until this happens, let's look at the systems that already make life easier for many motorists today. And most importantly - we will find out how we can on our own, if he is deprived of them.

light sensor on car

Let's start with the light sensor. This device provides automatic switching on and off of the dipped and main beam headlights and parking lights, and is also able to regulate . More recently, only cars in the most expensive versions, costing more than a million rubles, were equipped with them. But today, a similar option can be found on more affordable models. But most importantly, this system can be independently installed on almost any car model.

Advantages and disadvantages

Of course, this option has both ardent supporters and opponents. By law, you are required to turn on your dipped headlights at any time of the day if your car is not equipped. But often many drivers forget about it. And they drive without working lights at all. It is for such forgetful motorists that it will be extremely useful to have in their arsenal a sensor for automatically turning on the dipped headlights.

But there is another side of the coin. you need to be careful, as there are places with variable illumination on the road, in which the sensor can behave inappropriately and leave you without light at the most inopportune moment, which can lead to an accident.

How to install a light sensor in your car

There are many ways to equip your car with this device. But it is worth noting that if you feel insecure in matters of automotive electronics, then it is better to entrust the installation of the system to professionals. Illiterate intervention in the automotive lighting system can cause considerable problems and costs.

Apart from ready-made solutions, which are produced by various firms and enterprises, there are many "handicraft" developments that differ from each other in the principles of operation and the complexity of the device. If your hands grow from where they should be, you can independently solder the circuit you need and.

For everyone else, and we are the majority, we will consider ready-made options, which are offered by brands such as Quantoom, Premier, Giordon. They are so-called advanced systems that can save the driver from having to manually adjust the light on the car when lighting conditions change. A typical light sensor set consists of a relay, a control unit, a switch, and wires. The undoubted advantages of such systems are durability, economy and the choice of manual or automatic switching mode.

Mounting such devices is quite simple. Everything is done according to the attached instructions. It is worth noting that the “peephole” of the sensor, which is advised to be placed on the mirror, must be directed inside the cabin, otherwise it may incorrectly assess the situation. All wires are also connected strictly according to the instructions.

Light sensor failure

As a rule, such devices rarely break by themselves. Provided that you opted for a quality product from a well-known brand. not worth saving. The cause of breakdowns is usually a factory defect, illiterate installation or improper use. It often happens that it takes many hours to find a malfunction, and the repair itself takes a matter of minutes.

No one is immune from breakdowns. But it is still better to prefer a more expensive and proven option to a cheap "home-made" device. No matter how tempting the offer may be.

Many manufacturers indicate some restrictions for their products, so you. As a rule, these are standard precautions: make sure that moisture does not get inside the device elements, protect them from mechanical and other influences. Also, sometimes there are recommendations not to use gas discharge lamps on cars.

Additional features

Many systems are paired with a rain sensor. Working together, these devices complement each other and significantly increase the overall performance. We will talk about what a rain sensor is and how it works in the next article.

Video on how to set the automatic low beam headlights:

But remember the main thing - no matter what options your car is equipped with, You should always be extremely careful while driving. The road is not the place to joke. And while cars are not equipped with automatic piloting systems, concentrate all your attention on the driving process and control the situation on the road.

P.S. What do you think about the use of light sensors on the car? Do you really need them? Write in the comments, it is important for us to know your opinion!

Good day, dear readers of the Electrician's Notes website.

Remember, I already told you that when according to federal program, we installed porches and vestibules. In this article I want to tell you about the photorelay for street lighting residential yards .

Outdoor lighting at the entrances, or it is also called canopy lighting, is carried out using cantilever lamps of the ZhKU type with protective polycarbonate glass. So the control of these lamps is carried out using a photorelay.

As a photorelay for street lighting, we use a light control switch of the LXP-02 type. This is how it looks.

Also, this photorelay can be used to illuminate roads, parks, summer cottages and gardens.

Technical characteristics of street lighting photocell type LXP-02

Photorelay type LXP-02 automatically turns on and off the lighting depending on the lighting conditions. Those. as soon as it became dark outside, the photorelay turns on the street lighting. And vice versa, as soon as it became light outside, the photorelay disconnects the lamp from the network.

Thus, there is a significant savings, and the service life of the lamps themselves is also increased.

Below I will give you its technical characteristics:

• power supply 220 (V) AC voltage
• switched circuit up to 10 (A)
• working light level< 5 — 5о (Люкс)

The level of working illumination is set using the regulator at the bottom of the photo relay. If the regulator is moved to the “+” side, then the photo relay will turn on the lamp already with a slight darkening or cloudy weather, but if the regulator is moved to the “-” side, then the photo relay will only work when it gets dark.

Usually I leave the regulator in the middle position.

There are 2 more types of LXP type photo relay. These are LXP-01 and LXP-03. They differ from the LXP-02 only in the amperage of the switched circuit and in the level of working illumination.

Installation of LXP type photo relay

The photorelay is mounted on the wall using a special bracket, which is included in the delivery. The bracket is screwed to the photocell itself.

When installing, make sure that there are no obstructions that prevent natural daylight from reaching the photo relay. And also in front of the photo relay there should not be swinging objects, for example, trees.

Photo relay circuit

The connection diagram for a photorelay for street lighting type LXP-02 is shown both on the packaging box and on the product itself.

In total, 3 wires come out of the photo relay: brown, red and blue.

Knowing, it is not difficult to guess about their purpose:

• brown wire - phase
• blue wire - zero
• red wire - switching phase (to the lamp)

Knowing the scheme of the photorelay, we proceed to connect it. produced in a junction box installed in the same place on the wall.

As a load, we use a power of 70 (W).

Connecting a photorelay for street lighting is as follows.

If you paint this scheme in more detail, it will look like this:

If your house uses a grounding system or, then the circuit is powered by a three-core cable (phase, zero, ground). If you are still operating electrical wiring with a grounding system, then the circuit will differ only in the absence of a PE conductor.

The video version of this article, as well as by popular demand at the end of the video, I showed the connection diagram of the photorelay through the contactor:

Addition 1. Posted a photo by popular demand. appearance printed circuit board photorelay FR-602. I will not apply the circuit - you can find it on specialized sites for electronics.

Addendum 2. Quite often I am asked about the scheme for connecting a lamp so that it is controlled both through a photo relay (in automatic mode) and using a switch (in manual mode at any time of the day). Here I am enclosing a schematic.

P.S. That's basically all I wanted to tell you about the photorelay for street lighting. Currently, this is how we carry out electrical installation of outdoor (canopy) lighting in residential courtyards. If you have any questions, then ask your questions in the comments.