The future belongs to eco-house projects. Building an eco-house with your own hands: technological principles and schemes

Eco houses have become quite fashionable in the residential construction industry. They are built from environmentally friendly materials, and blend perfectly with the surrounding nature. In addition, very often the project includes landscaping of the adjacent territory. As a rule, they try to make such houses completely autonomous, so that they provide themselves with everything necessary: ​​heat, water and light.

If you approach it very competently, then much less money will be spent on construction by modern standards of market prices.

We bring to your attention stylish ecological houses of the world, which are very beautiful and harmoniously fit into the environment.

Beach Ecohouse in Costa Rica

It is located on a hill near the ocean, 20 km from the city.

Despite the fact that the house looks very stylish, it is completely built from ecological materials. The frame is made of white steel. The design is made in light colors, which has a calming effect on the people who are in it. From the terrace of the villa offers stunning views of the ocean and the nature of the peninsula.

Electricity is completely autonomous thanks to solar panels, drinking water taken from a natural source.

Compact eco-house in South Africa

The modern building is located among the bewitching mountains. This is prefabricated house, consisting of 3 blocks: a sleeping area, an entertainment area and a work area.

original house in italy

Located at an altitude of 1200 m. Building area 47m². Despite his small size, the house has everything you need modern man. Energy supply is completely autonomous.

Originality to the project is added by horizontal wooden slats, which perform the function of protection against bright sun and prying eyes.

Ecohouse over a cliff in Portugal

An unusual dwelling is located in a national park above a cliff and a river. The design of the house is very simple, but functional. Thanks to wide windows to the floor, a feeling of unity with nature is created.

Well, isn't it great to build a house from environmentally friendly materials?! Whether you are a professional builder or a first time trowel, you can build an eco-house using environmentally friendly building materials such as adobe, logs, straw, earth and trees growing on your site. You are interested in the topic - ecological houses of the world - we offer you seven ways to build an eco-house:

We build an eco-house - a hobbit house and an earthen ship

It would seem that these houses are part of the earth itself, the presence of a house on a hill betrays only a facade and a few windows. Partially built underground homes have a number of incredible benefits, such as the ability to absorb and regulate solar heat, keeping the home warm during cold weather.

Houses of this type can be built completely underground, covered with earth on one or three sides, or built into a hill, with only the facade of the building remaining open.

The construction of an eco-house, the so-called "earth ship", requires the use of used bottles, cans, car tires, which are stuffed with earth and built from these "garbage" materials houses of the most incredible shapes and sizes. Beginners, of course, build their own houses simple design that require less effort and expense. However, there are many in the world earth ships", which are masterpieces of building art.

Construction of an eco-house from adobe

How can a house made of dirt last 500 years? The answer to this question is that the combination of clay, sand and straw, known as adobe, is an extremely strong and durable compound that can withstand fire and adverse conditions. weather just like any other building material.

This ancient building technology is one of the easiest and most inexpensive ways to build your own eco-friendly and safe house.

We build an eco-house from logs

So, we are building an eco-house from logs. If you look at the walls log house from afar, they look like masonry, but as soon as you come a little closer, and you will see that this structure is built of logs stacked on top of each other like a woodpile and fastened together with lime-cement mortar. Logs without bark with a diameter of 30 to 90 cm can be used for wall construction as a base material or in combination with a frame structure.

For the construction of an eco-house from logs, soft woods such as cedar and pine are used because of their resistance to expansion and contraction. The walls of the house, built of logs, are distinguished by good insulating properties and heat capacity.

As well as any other construction technology using natural materials, building an eco-house from logs will require a lot of manual labor from you, but if you try hard, the result will meet all your wildest expectations. Usually, a solution of a mixture of Portland cement, lime and water is used to fasten the logs together, but, in recent times some people began to build similar houses using adobe mixture instead of lime-cement mortar.

Straw eco-house

So, you are interested in the idea of ​​​​building an eco-house from straw. It would seem that straw is the most worst material, which could only be imagined for the construction of a reliable home. However, in fact, when building buildings from straw pressed into bags, you get walls of amazing strength with excellent insulating qualities.

As with log and adobe structures, pressed straw walls can act as load-bearing structures or be used in combination with vertical bracing or as part of a framing structure.

Packs of pressed straw are laid on top of a masonry foundation, fastened together with wooden poles or bamboo poles. Finishing outer surface produced using breathable lime or ground plaster, which allows the walls to breathe, preventing the accumulation of moisture in the thatched walls.

Straw building structures have proven time and time again to be remarkably resistant to fire and pests.

House made of rammed earth

Termite resistant, fireproof, durable and reliable, a rammed earth house is a very interesting option for building an eco-home. Do not forget that it is also very cheap to build, it costs no more than dirt underfoot.

This type of sustainable building is very popular in hot and dry places such as Australia and the American Southwest. For the construction of walls, blocks of pressed wet earth are used, which are used as ordinary building bricks.

Of course, it is best to use special mechanisms for compacting the earth, but this does not mean that you cannot do it yourself, using only manual labor. By the way, this will also help you save on construction costs. A house made of rammed earth will be a reliable and worthy dwelling that will serve you indefinitely.

How to build an eco-house from bags of rammed earth

Stop for a moment and imagine that you are building your eco-house from the land that you can borrow for free on your site, but at the same time, you do not need to spend a lot of effort, as is the case with building using adobe or earth blocks. When building a house from bags with rammed earth, very cheap materials are used, namely earth and polypropylene bags.

The bags are filled with moist soil and compacted with a manual rammer. The sacks are held in place by two rows of barbed wire and can be filled at a height to avoid having to lift them up, you can imagine how heavy that is.

Building an eco-house from bags of rammed earth will be an ideal alternative to adobe in those regions where soils are low in clay. Such building material can be used to build domes and other rounded structures, and can also be covered with a mound of earth to create an underground structure that will look like part of the surrounding landscape.

To date, all large quantity people began to think about the ecology of those things that we encounter daily. Most often in Russia, people under this concept mean caring for the health of people and animals. But, in a good way, it is also necessary to sign under this word the preservation of the environment and the use of clean and non-toxic materials everywhere, including construction own house should be as harmless to human health and the environment as possible.

Plot

It is better not to build a house in a place that will harm your health.

Here are some points to consider when choosing a site:

1. Land area must meet the requirements.
2. Should not be in the vicinity: power lines, transformers, industrial facilities that pollute the environment, railways, noisy highways and airports.
3. Lot location and orientation. The site should be adequately lit by the sun.
4. The microclimate is important selected location.
5. Availability of water.
6. Electrical, chemical and magnetic pollution, radioactive contamination, negatively ionized air, or the presence of harmful mineral deposits.
7. Land class and opportunity building a house on the site.

Eco house project

The essence of the project lies in the building materials that are laid down according to the project documentation.

Foundation

Monolithic foundation. Monolithic construction works can be done at any time of the year.

• Pile-grillage foundation. It is made of concrete, using reinforcement, roofing material, sand or extruded polystyrene foam. Not suitable for all soil types. Ideal Ratio prices and quality.
• Monolithic slab. Such a foundation can be used on any type of soil and at almost any depth. ground water. Usually monolithic slab used as a basis for the floor of the basement.

wall material

1 place. Wood. Wood has the property of cracking, so it is better to opt for a log, because the cracks on it look natural and do not affect the quality of the walls.

• Spruce. Withstands heavy loads and has a high tensile strength. Spruce wood has a beneficial effect on health ... But it still has disadvantages. Firstly, due to its loose structure, it is highly susceptible to external weather influences (today this problem is easily solved by special protective equipment), and, secondly, in such wood there is a large number of knots that interfere with making the processing impeccable.
• Pine. It has high strength, resistance to fire and cracking. If we compare pine with other types of wood, then in its properties it is second only to larch.
• Larch. The strongest and most durable of all conifers. Not affected by moisture and does not rot even in sea ​​water. Larch resin is a natural antiseptic, therefore, it is not affected by microorganisms. In terms of fire resistance, the properties of this wood are 2 times higher than those of pine. Due to the presence of antioxidants, this material has a beneficial effect on health.

2nd place. Divided 3 wall materials related to the class cellular concrete. All varieties of this class (due to their porous structure) are characterized by high rates of thermal protection and sound insulation.

• Polystyrene concrete (eco-concrete). It is made from cement, water, sand, latex and foam. According to the characteristics of polystyrene concrete manufacturers, it is better than other representatives of the class of cellular concrete. Namely: with equal thermal insulation characteristics, it needs 2 times less; thermal conductivity characteristics are 5 times better; frost resistance is 3 times higher; the compressive strength is almost 2 times greater; 2 times lighter.
• Aerated concrete. Produced from quartz sand, lime and water, with the addition of a small amount cement and aluminum paste (which completely evaporates during the production process). Can withstand exposure to direct fire for 3-7 hours. Absorbs moisture (which is easily solved by using facing materials for the facade).
• Foam concrete. Production process: mixed cement mortar with specially prepared stable foam (based on animal glue, rosin soap, aqueous solution saponin and HA preparation (waterproofed blood from slaughterhouses)). 150 mm foam block contain fire up to 4 hours. According to the conducted studies of moisture resistance - a block of this material does not sink for more than a week in water.

3rd place. ceramic brick. For the production are used: sawdust, granulated slag from metallurgical production, waste from the production of mineral wool boards, loam and / or clay. There are many varieties - solid brick; hollow brick; facing brick; furnace brick (refractory). Characteristic high performance moisture resistance, ease of laying decorative elements facade. At brick house very long service life and it is not afraid of loads.

Interfloor ceilings

1 place. Wooden. Wooden floors can be used not only as an attic, but also as an interfloor. Lightweight, relatively inexpensive and easy to build, indispensable in the construction of wooden houses.

2nd place. Monolithic. The company USK "Wood House Group" uses ready-mixed concrete, which guarantees the supply of concrete of the proper quality and facilitates construction work (due to pumping concrete mix directly from the concrete mixer). Such a ceiling can be set to any shape, it has good sound insulation, installation does not require the involvement of heavy equipment.

Facade cladding

1 place. Separate 3 facing materials.

• Block house. Wooden sheathing board, having the shape of a semicircular block with a spike and a groove along the entire length of the board. The block house made of spruce and pine is the most inexpensive, has excellent strength characteristics (due to resin release). The cedar block house can maintain a healthy indoor climate (regulates the level of humidity). Larch block house has high hardness, moisture resistance, does not rot.
• Clapboard. It is made from solid wood of coniferous and hardwood species and is intended for sheathing walls, doors and ceilings.
• Eurolining. The eurolining has a spike 8 mm long (or 9% of the width), and the lining has from 4 to 6 mm.

2nd place. Divided between 2 facing materials:

• Facing brick. For production facing brick all kinds of light-alloy sandy clays are used, and sometimes marly clays that do not contain harmful impurities of coarse stones, pyrites, gypsum, large inclusions of organic substances, etc. It is characterized by low moisture absorption and high frost resistance.
• Clinker tiles. Made from special clay by firing at high temperature. In fact, clinker can be attributed to an elite facing material - for its high strength and durability.

insulation

Selection of the most suitable option can be done in consultation with a specialist.

• Basalt insulation and mineral wool. Non-flammable, safe, saves from heat and cold.
• Expanded clay. Differs in durability and environmental performance, but not very convenient in installation work.

Roof

1 place. Copper roof. This roof speaks of prestige by its very appearance. Service life is about 100 years.

2nd place. Divided into 2 positions:

3rd place. Divided into 3 positions:

• Cement-sand tiles. Does not accumulate static electricity - dangerous to humans and causing a fire. The service life is more than 100 years.
• Ceramic (clay) tile. It is a clay mass that has passed the stage of molding and firing in a kiln with a temperature of up to 1000 0C. Service life up to 150 years.
  • bituminous tiles. It is distinguished by high strength and ductility, the service life of this material is 40-50 years.
  • Composite tiles. It consists of at least 8 layers and lasts more than 50 years.
  • Metal tile. Relatively inexpensive roofing material, the service life of which is from 25 to 50 years.

Window

PVC windows are not harmful to health. Polyvinyl chloride emits toxic substances only when heated to temperatures above 200 0C. Modern wooden double-glazed windows characterized by environmental friendliness, reliability, practicality and convenient fittings:

• Wooden PVC.

Floor

The material for the floor, in addition to environmental indicators, must meet the requirements of strength and durability.

1 place. Batten. In any room, such floors look quite impressive and reliable, the wear layer is designed for a very long time.

2nd place. Divided into 3 positions:

• Expensive laminate. Since cheap ones contain toxic formaldehydes.
• Parquet and parquet board. Environmentally friendly, but protection is needed (for example, varnish, which should be as safe as possible.) So, flooring will give the room solidity and sophistication.
• Cork. Characterized by safety and durability, the best way suitable for decorating bedrooms and children's rooms.

3rd place. Divided into 3 positions:

• Ceramic tile. durable and reliable material most commonly used for kitchen and bathroom.
• PVC linoleum. It is placed on the floor without the use of glue, the use of double-sided tape is allowed.
• Porcelain stoneware and a natural stone. Before use, the coating must be checked for radiation.

wall decoration

2nd place. Tile. It is used for bathrooms and kitchens, for reasons of practicality and ecology.

3rd place. Paint and plaster. It is best to use special clay-mineral compounds and mineral paints.

Ceiling finish

1 place. Dye. For painting the ceiling, it is better to opt for water-based paint.

2nd place. Aluminum. aluminum ceilings are also environmentally friendly and safe.

Furniture in an ecological house

Of course, solid wood furniture is the most environmentally friendly useful solution for your home. natural wood used for most pieces of furniture - tables, chairs, cabinets, beds, walls, chests of drawers and bedside tables, etc. Most often, in the manufacture of wooden furniture, beech, pine or oak are used.

Lighting in an ecological house

In style ecological house as it is impossible, by the way, lamps in the style of rattan and floral light will fit in.

• Rattan. Made from natural material. They are safe and decorative.
• Floralite. Made from metal, crystal and glass. Environmentally friendly, beautiful and harmonious.

Ecological curtains

environmental decorative elements

Indoor plants perfectly emphasize the style of ecologically clean house. They fit perfectly into the interior with wooden furniture, especially if they have wooden supplies. In principle, any products made of wood, leather, bone and stone will be an ideal addition to an ecological interior.

USC "Wood House Group" will help to realize your dream of environmentally friendly clean house in life!

Shtein Ekaterina, manager-consultant of USK "Wood House Group"

• Bamboo curtains. Emphasize elegance and reflect the color of the interior.
• Linen and cotton. Linen curtains are characterized by a pleasant texture and are suitable for country and retro styles.

Eco friendly houses- You must have heard about them? Although in Russia they are just beginning to become fashionable, in Europe and America such houses have gained great popularity by now.

Ecohouse is a different, special approach to construction, which is to minimize any harm, both to man and nature. The best thing to do with building eco-friendly houses- do not touch nature at all, that is, the landscape on which such a house stands.

Eco-house is a comfortable and energy-efficient housing, which has autonomous systems life support. Simply put, ecological houses are built in a specific place that you have chosen and try to use the resources that are around the house.

The most environmentally friendly house - what is it built from?

According to research by the UN Center, the use of electricity by the population is 40% of total electricity which is produced in the world. A lot, I'll tell you. BUT carbon dioxide and sulfur, which are emitted into the atmosphere, account for 50 and 70 percent.

However, in the case of using modern environmental technologies, such houses will not only not upset the balance in environment and contribute to its renewal.

So, what materials can and should be used for building an eco-friendly house?

• Bamboo- this material is a champion in environmental friendliness, in addition to everything it is very durable, pretty, used for floors. By cutting it, you do not harm nature, bamboo grows very quickly without any special care for it.
• Clay, straw, wood, clay bricks and natural stones sedimentary origin. These materials are not only clean, environmentally friendly and allow the house to breathe, they have a special energy. In such a house you will feel comfortable, many health problems will simply disappear.
• Vinyl wallpaper, though you have to look carefully at the label - it should indicate that the wallpaper is made from recycled raw materials, the paints are harmless for them, the wallpaper has a base that can be glued with ordinary glue on water.

With the climate that exists in Russia, it is very convenient to build houses from adobe. Adobe- a mixture of straw, lime and clay that was not burned. It's cheap and doesn't harm the environment. By its properties, such material is very similar to wood, but it does not burn, which is another plus in favor of an eco-friendly home.

Eco-friendly insulation for the home- straw, ecowool or linen. Linen insulation allows the house to breathe, absorbs and removes odors and moisture, allowing wooden house stay dry.

Besides, flax is an antiseptic, this means that you are not afraid of viruses in such an eco-house.

For thermal insulation of the roof, experts advise using paper or cardboard, these materials hold heat well due to their porosity. Just make sure you grind them first.

In addition, for eco-construction great reed, we have already talked about how to use it in construction. In addition, it grows throughout Russia and there will be no problems finding this material.

frame houses – what are their advantages ?

Eco-friendly frame houses built from various materials. We will not consider all options, because wooden ones are most suitable for the latitudes of Russia.

They are raised by Finnish technology, beautiful in design, practical, with high quality have low construction costs.

Advantages of frame houses

• Frame wooden houses very economical in terms of maintenance costs. With a small wall thickness (up to 20 cm), it has good thermal insulation and very low heating costs even in winter. Such a house is in no way inferior in warmth to stone housing with walls up to half a meter thick.
• Low construction costs compared to a conventional private house of the same size. You will save on everything, up to the delivery date of the finished house.
• You can create any design of your monastery, frame houses allow you to implement the most bold decisions. Besides, exterior finish you can choose a house according to your financial situation: it can be a brick, wood, stone house.
• The frame house is incredibly durable, you can safely live in earthquake-prone areas, and it is possible to build it at any time of the year, even in winter.
• And of course, we can not forget the environmental friendliness frame houses and durability. Thanks to special technologies, your home will go to your children and grandchildren. For example, in Germany there are frame houses that are already about 800 years old. Impressive, right?

Do not forget green houses fill natural furniture, wooden utensils, flowers, natural fabrics.

If you want a warm home sincerely, do not hang a lot of mirrors in the house, hunting trophies (heads of dead animals), paintings with cruel scenes. Avoid cool colors, dark corners, and very bright colors.

Equip your light switches with motion sensors so you can't forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room. Do not use electrical appliances, such as an electric stove - switch to gas, it is cheaper. Washing machine can be programmed to operate at night when electricity is cheaper.

Look at the video which is the world's first cellular modular eco-house developed by our compatriot Sverdlovsk scientist. This house is assembled in 2 weeks and can be installed anywhere: in the mountains, in the swamp and even in the permafrost:

Ecology of consumption. Homestead: Ecohouse is not accidentally called a thermal fortress. It does not need a heating system or air conditioners, there are no drafts, no cold is felt, since the temperature difference room air and internal surfaces enclosing structures is negligible.

It is no coincidence that Ecohouse is called a thermal fortress. It does not need a heating system or air conditioners, there are no drafts, no cold is felt, since the temperature difference between the room air and the internal surfaces of the enclosing structures is negligible.

An eco-house is an individual or block house with a plot of land, which is radically resource-saving and low-waste, healthy and well-maintained, non-aggressive in relation to the natural environment. This is achieved mainly by the use of autonomous or small collective engineering systems life support and rational building structure Houses. What is important, he possesses these qualities not only as an individual, but also systemically - with all communal and production systems serving him. Eco-housing is the key to the future.

MAIN PRINCIPLES OF THE ECOHOUSE

Natural environment. The house is “correctly” inscribed in the surrounding landscape, that is, it takes into account natural phenomena (sunrise, sunset, etc.).

Energy efficiency. The use of energy-saving household appliances and engineering systems.

Minimum energy losses. Application of new construction technologies, improved thermal insulation. Improvement of the ventilation system, which usually loses 1/3 of the heat.

Use of complex engineering systems with a single control system. The use of modern high-tech products, as well as products using natural elements - solar panels, heat pumps etc.

Reduced level of safety impact of devices, engineering networks on the inhabitants of the house.

Application of a new heating concept, in which the thermoregulation system plays a leading role. Use of “free” heat sources (solar heat, heat from household appliances, etc.).

Ecological style of interior elements and household appliances. Possibility of further processing of materials.

SOLAR ARCHITECTURE

Passive solar technology is a long-established way of designing and building buildings that has been used by people for thousands of years to get the most out of solar radiation. The work of the solar collector is based on the greenhouse effect: the absorbed thermal radiation from the sun significantly exceeds the return thermal radiation of the collector.

There are two types of solar collectors - flat and vacuum.

In vacuum, the greenhouse effect is enhanced by the fact that the return thermal radiation of the collector cannot pass through the vacuum, just like in the vacuum flask of a household thermos. As a result, the vacuum collector, unlike the flat one, heats the coolant up to high temperature even in the cold, which is decisive factor in favor of his choice for our country. But in winter, with short daylight hours and cloudiness, the amount of heat generated by the solar collector is significantly reduced.

Ecohouse architecture

HEAT RETAINING WALLS

From the point of view of environmental friendliness for an eco-house, the most attractive can be considered plates made of stone wool. They have the following benefits:

Non-toxic and non-carcinogenic, unlike, for example, material such as asbestos fiber;

Basalt fiber does not break, does not prick and does not crumble like fiberglass;

Non-hygroscopic (water absorption is not more than 1.5%) with good vapor permeability;

Over time, stone wool slabs do not shrink in volume, unlike glass wool or slag wool slabs;

The material is not affected by fungi and insects;

Non-combustible and heat-resistant - stone wool slabs can withstand temperatures up to 1000 °C.

The most important condition for maintaining the thermal contour of the building is the presence of supply and exhaust ventilation with a heat recuperator (heat exchanger).

Principle of operation: outside cold air enters a counterflow heat exchanger, in which it moves through pipes washed from the outside warm air going from home to opposite direction. As a result, at the outlet of the heat exchanger, the outdoor air tends to acquire the temperature of the room, and the latter, on the contrary, tends to the outdoor temperature before leaving the heat exchanger. This solves the problem of sufficiently intensive air exchange in the house without heat loss.

In Russia, where the climate is more severe than, for example, in European countries, a ground heat exchanger should also be added to the main heat exchanger. Its expediency is proven by the fact that in some Western eco-houses the use of a ground heat exchanger made it possible to abandon the air conditioner. The soil temperature at a depth of 8 m is more constant and is about 8-12 °C. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the heat exchanger exactly to this depth, so that the outdoor air, passing through the ground, tends to take the appropriate temperature regardless of the time of year. Either the July heat or the January frost can stand on the street, but the house will always receive Fresh air, the temperature of which is optimal - about 17 ° C.

"RIGHT" WINDOWS

The coefficient of resistance to heat transfer of windows must be at least 1.5 ° C m2 / W - this is another necessary condition thermal tightness of the eco-house.

The requirements for windows are as follows:

The profile design must have low thermal conductivity and not have "cold bridges"; three-chamber or five-chamber profiles with a thickness of 62-130 mm are preferred;

Windows with a large glazing area should face south;

To reduce heat loss through windows in winter time at night it is better to close them with shutters, roller shutters or blackout curtains.

Best for eco-home wooden windows with double-glazed windows(three low-emission glasses, inter-glass chambers filled with krypton). The double-glazed window must have thermal insulation with a heat transfer resistance coefficient of 2 °C m2/W.

Warming of an eco-house

WARMING OF THE ECOHOUSE

All internal heated rooms of the eco-house should be so thermally insulated from external environment so that the heat loss per year is less than the amount of heat that can be received per year from the sun and accumulated in the house.

ROOF

The roof, like the foundation, determines the longevity of the house. It protects the walls and foundation from precipitation, provides thermal protection interior spaces. The roof can serve as a place for solar energy elements - solar collectors for heating air, water, solar panels for converting solar energy into electrical energy. A significant amount of water can be collected from the roof surface for irrigation and other technical needs.

Depending on the desire, you can use a combined roof (insulated roof, used for attic floor) and cold, which is traditionally used in the construction of houses in Russia for ordinary one-story and ordinary two-story house(from straw, reed, semi-logs, boards).

FOUNDATIONS FOR ECOHOUSES

The foundation is the basis for the durability of an eco-house. The choice of foundation design and its deepening are determined depending on the type of soil, the weight of the house structure and the location of groundwater. The following types of foundations are traditionally used: columnar, strip, foundations from small blocks. The choice of foundation is best done based on local traditions.

To increase the durability of the foundation and protect it from groundwater, rain and melt water seeping from the surface of the earth, a drainage system is arranged around the foundation.

Insulated vestibule with an additional insulated sliding door

ENTRANCE TAMBOUR

In the vestibule, internal and external insulated doors should be installed. Tambour can be made heated and unheated. To increase thermal insulation, it is advisable to provide an additional sliding heat-efficient door.

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

For the construction of an eco-house, you can use all building materials not prohibited by sanitary and hygienic standards. It is necessary to withstand the final parameters of the house and its device, described above.

However, there are certain preferences for the materials that are recommended to be used in the construction of an eco-house, and how they are produced.

It is preferable to maximize the use of building materials from local raw materials mined at the site, and the production of building materials on the same site. construction site. In order to achieve the required quality, and therefore the necessary parameters, which make ordinary house eco-house, materials are made on specially designed mini-equipment ( high tech in the production of building materials minimal cost during manufacture). This mini-equipment can be used without major repairs for 10 construction seasons if stored under a canopy during the winter.

FINDINGS

The implementation of the "Ecohouse" project and the subsequent large-scale use of the technologies embedded in it should solve the most actual tasks of our time: providing residents of Russia with comfortable housing, built and operated on the basis of resource and energy saving technologies using local materials, and greening the domestic sector.

It is no coincidence that a house with the described properties is called a thermal fortress. In a mild climate, neither a heating system nor air conditioners are needed in it, there are no drafts, cold is not felt, since the temperature difference between the room air and the internal surfaces of the enclosing structures is negligibly small. The house heats the heat generated household appliances, bodies of inhabitants - owners and pets, as well as solar energy. Since there are no air-dryers in the building heating appliances, the microclimate can be compared with the fertile summer weather somewhere in the resorts of mountainous Switzerland. This has a beneficial effect, for example, on those who suffer from allergies.

Many components of the passive house concept are quite feasible in Russia. Thus, in the reconstruction of the housing stock, technologies are already being successfully used to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. This is the insulation of facades using modern thermal insulation materials, the use of forced ventilation schemes and modern window systems. True, the practical implementation of energy-saving technologies at first is not cheap. However, as calculations show, high capital costs are quickly paid off due to low operating costs. That is, investing in energy-saving solutions can be considered a long-term and very reliable investment.

It is necessary to understand: the construction of a comfortable, healthy ecological house today is not at all a utopia, but a necessary reality. published