How frame houses are built in Denmark. Energy efficient houses in Denmark - High-tech buildings - Engineering systems - Electronic magazine
Longhouse is a small modular house in Denmark. Prefabricated in production Møn Huset, it consists of modules standard width 4.66 m but different lengths.
Customers have the option of choosing a bedroom module, a kitchen/bath module and a living room module. These volumes are connected by a ventilated module to form as a whole dogtrot design.
Houses in style dogtrot were widespread at one time in the southeastern United States.
Historically dogtrothouse consisted of two log cabins connected by a blown space « dogtrot» (can be translated as "trotting dog"), and covered common roof. Traditionally, one log house was used as a kitchen-dining room, and the second - for private spaces: a living room and a bedroom. The first characteristic feature of the house dogtrot is that it is always one-story and has at least two rooms on average from 5.5 to 6.1 m wide along each flank of the hall open on both sides. Additional rooms - extensions flank ( detourIt side) hall and are almost always located at the back of the house. On the main facade there is traditionally a covered gallery.
A through hall in the center of the building with rooms leading into it is a unique feature of the building. It provided coolness and protection from the weather during summer holiday. Combination of through space and open windows provide effective ventilation living rooms cool air in the era before air conditioning.
Second characteristic houses dogtrot- this is the position of fireplaces, stairs and galleries. Fireplaces were almost always located on each of the building's two gables, each heating the main rooms. Stairs one and a half and two-storey houses were located, as a rule, in one of the parts, and the covered terrace usually ran along the entire front of the building.
This house also has an internal open arcade allowing a refreshing breeze to pass through the house. It would seem that this feature is not very much in demand in Scandinavia, but such summer houses are in great demand and lead the sales market in Denmark. The pass-through module can be closed on both sides with large doors that perform several functions - protection against wind and protection against intrusion.
This combination of modules is called Læ ngehus55 , with floor area 55m². This model is formed from medium-sized modules. It has two small bedrooms and additional area for sleeping and relaxing, located above the kitchen and bathroom. The photographs show two different models Læ ngehus55 . Black House - Relatively standard version in finishing (basic model). In the green house, we see additional options - decoration wood paneling and a fireplace.
The dark tones of the decoration of the building are quite consistent current trends common in Scandinavian countries - on dark background the walls contrast and brightly look white window frames and details.
But anyway Special attention in this Danish project, in my opinion, deserves the fact that the house is made in production in accordance with your choice of its constituent modules. Then the modules are transported to the construction site and mounted on columnar or strip foundations, and the top coat is laid on the roof.
Secondly, you should pay attention to the simple, but very rational layout of the house. There are practically no corridors in it - all spaces are comfortable and optimal. Above low rooms kitchen and bathroom equipped with a spacious extra bed. The central hall serves as a covered terrace, which can be partially closed with doors from the wind, depending on its direction, or completely closed in the cold season.
This factor, as well as the building's modular frame structure and budget finishes, form the home's affordable bottom line value, which, along with the layout, seems to contribute to the huge demand for this home in Denmark.
I think that such or similar modular houses will be in demand in Ukraine, and their production will be promising profitable investment investment.
Review prepared by an expert
Medianik Egor Mikhailovich
(rewrite from SmallHouseBliss)
Ecology of consumption. Manor: The experimental village was named Stenlesse, which means "Beskamenka" in Russian, and it is the largest energy-efficient settlement in Europe.
Henna Beer, an employee of the municipality of the Danish town of Egidau, was awarded the highest audiencefor the fact that, like the queen, she worked in one place for 40 years. In particular, Her Majesty thanked Henne for participating in the creation of Europe's largest energy-efficient settlement.
This experiment started in 2005. The municipality allocated land for the creation of a fundamentally new settlement. You can build houses here only from ecologically clean materials, while using Energy Saving Technologies. The municipality strictly enforces these conditions. To date, 400 houses have already been built, and each consumes at least 35% less energy than the Danish building code requires.
The experimental village was named Stenlesse., translated into Russian it means "Beskamenka". Although the most popular material here is stone wool insulation. Houses are built according to approximately the same technology: a row of bricks and a thick layer of insulation.
In architecture, everyone is free to choose according to taste. For example, for herself and her husband, Henna Beer chose cottage with bay window and large glazing. As for energy saving systems, that is, techniques common to all buildings.
For example, double-glazed windows are installed, as a rule, insulated, three-chamber, with a special coating that reduces heat transfer.
Ventilation systems are equipped with so-called recuperators.
The system by which the recuperators work is simple but effective: the cold air coming from the street is heated by the waste heat leaving the room. So heat loss is kept to a minimum.
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Another mandatory design is a rainwater collection system.. Water flows down from the roof, is filtered and sent to a special reservoir. If there is too much rain, excess water goes into the ground through special plastic pipes. The system is designed so that the drain occurs gradually, slowly, so that the soil does not settle.
Filters trap any small debris. They need to be cleaned about once a month.
The settlers use rainwater only for flushing toilets and running washing machines.. Gudrinn Zann, a mother of three, does a big wash four times a week and loves the free water.
Another plus of rainwater - it does not form limescale in a typewriter, so you can easily do without special water softening additives. Solid savings!
Gudrunn lived with her husband Stefan in Germany but a few years ago he got a job with a Danish pharmaceutical company. The couple decided to live in the energy-saving Stanless. It took them two years to find a campaign that would build their dream home. Even in advanced Denmark, this is a problem. But as a result, the Zannes got the most economical house in the village.
All windows in this house face south, so not a single ray of sunlight is lost.. In addition, the house is perfectly insulated - behind the brickwork there is a layer of stone wool 50 cm thick. As a result, there are no radiators in the piers - they are simply not needed there.
In addition, heat does not leave the house, because there are no drafts in it.. You can conduct a small experiment: light a candle and bring it to the frame. There is no air movement, so the flame of the candle does not sway.
Gudrunn's house is built on the principle of a thermos - it is absolutely hermetic. And the main source of heat is the inhabitants of the house themselves. The human body generates 100 kW of thermal energy per day. However, when you look at the jumps of the youngest daughter of Gudrunn, Leani, it seems that all 200.
The owners joke that their house can be heated with one candle and a bottle of wine., so they often invite guests.
For such a house, even in winter, the warmth of the household is quite enough. merged with getting into the house solar energy and energy generated by electrical appliances.
Excess of this heat heats the water that the owners use for showers.. On the coldest days, when it's minus 20 outside, they go to work with warm floors.
There are already 400 energy-saving houses in the Danish "Beskamenka". And although the crisis has suspended construction in Denmark, houses continue to be built here: laconic in Scandinavian style, without fences and without curtains on the windows. published
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The Danish house is primarily characterized by high energy efficiency, which allows you to significantly save natural resources - gas, electricity, coal, water. The Danes do not achieve this by saving on materials. On the contrary, when building a private house, it is assumed high costs on natural, high-quality building materials.
The original project of a private house made according to Danish construction technology
Characteristics of the Danish house
And the surrounding area is very rational, taking into account the needs of each family member. Residential buildings are built small and compact, with winter garden and built-in garage. As a rule, to save fuel energy, the garage is not heated.
Read also
Projects of private houses up to 100 sq. m
To save such natural resource, like water, the Danes collect and use ordinary rain water. Installed on the roof of the house solar collectors. During daylight hours, the energy of the sun's rays heats the water.
This contributes to the normal functioning of the heating during the day, and also fully provides the house with hot water.
The greenhouse effect is used as an additional source of heat. Danish houses are equipped with large windows, most of which are located on the south side.
house design with large windows This allows most of the daylight hours to use the energy of the sun's rays to heat the house. Very often, windows in Danish houses occupy the entire wall and, as a rule, dark thick curtains are not used in the interior to prevent the sun from entering the rooms.
Another source of heat storage is additional room separating the front door and the street. It serves additional protection from the penetration of cold into the house.
In Danish homes, the use of sun-protection glasses is not customary, because in winter time From the sun's rays there is a partial heating of the house. For better thermal protection of windows, an inert gas is pumped into the space between the panes. Windows are made large in size, but in a small amount. It also contributes to a significant preservation of heat indoors.
An example of an interior made in the Danish style For the manufacture of window frames usually wood or aluminium.
The Danes are very attentive to such a source of heat loss as the so-called cold bridges that appear at the joints of structures. They are carefully eliminated with various sealants and strips of insulation.
The project of a Danish house must be drawn up without architectural excesses, because they entail additional costs for insulation.
The microclimate in the Danish home is also controlled. This happens with the help of an automatic climate control system.
Often used in building houses wireframe method construction, because it allows you to complete the construction in a fairly short time.
The project of a frame house built in the Danish style Construction features
During the construction of a Danish cottage, it is planned to build a panel-frame box. To increase the savings of heat from the outside, it is covered with bricks. At the same time, the walls are assembled from panels with almost no seams, which allows you to keep warm even more in the winter season. The cost of such a house is decent and it cannot be called a cheap option.
Denmark is currently implementing a government plan to further improve the energy efficiency of buildings - by 2015 it is planned to reduce energy consumption by 50%.
So, let's turn to the technologies used in building a house. The Danes do not have any single "recipe" for the construction of buildings, so all houses are different - brick, wooden, concrete. Construction technologies are also different, but most often they use the frame and panel-frame method of building houses. These technologies, invented, by the way, in the Scandinavian countries, are quite simple and help to build a house in as soon as possible. In addition, using these technologies as an example, it is convenient to show how to competently insulate a house.
So, with frame technology with warm side a vapor barrier film is laid on the insulation, then the insulation itself - stone wool slabs, windproof membrane. Then, from the side of the room, interior decoration is carried out, and from the outside - facade cladding. In addition to the walls, the roof and floor are insulated with slabs, because it is these structures that are responsible for 40% of the energy consumed by the building.
The Danes are very attentive to thermal insulation work, especially to the thermal insulation of "cold bridges" - areas of the building where, due to certain reasons, increased heat transfer occurs (for example, window and door lintels, basement plinths, etc.). They carefully process all the joints between the panels with sealant or cut out strips from the insulation and lay them in these places.
They help prevent the penetration of cold into the house and double-glazed windows on the windows. A special inert gas is pumped into the inter-glass space of double-glazed windows, which contributes to better thermal protection of such windows. To prevent heat from escaping through the glass, a very thin coating can be applied to its surface. protective layer, which allows solar heat to enter the building, heating the room, and does not let it out. By the way, the Danes buy double-glazed windows with aluminum or wooden frames. Such double-glazed windows are more environmentally friendly than PVC profiles common in Russia.
The Danes are actively looking for and using alternative energy sources, especially after the 1973 oil crisis, when there was a forced massive switch to coal. Danish authorities, concerned about the negative impact on the environment of fossil fuel combustion products, urged citizens to use wind energy whenever possible. And now wind turbines generate more than 20% of all electricity in this country. many owners country houses team up and invest in a cooperative that installs a wind turbine that generates the necessary energy to light and heat several houses. Also as alternative source solar energy is used. To do this, solar collectors are installed on the roof, which are used to obtain hot water for bathrooms and for technical needs.
Special attention in the Danish house is given to compaction front door, since it is she who can become an additional "gate" for the cold. As a rule, there is a vestibule between the street door and the entrance directly to the living quarters. The Danes believe that the vestibule design is the most effective in combating heat loss through the door.
The Danish house also has a ventilation system with heat recovery, which also helps to keep the heat in the room, while providing a home. fresh air from the street. Main principle operation of this system is that a heat exchanger is installed in the house - a heat exchanger in which fresh outdoor air entering through the ventilation system is heated with heat room air removed from the premises. Thus, heat is not lost in vain, and the room is ventilated at the same time.
And in the Danish house there are sensors that help the owner control the microclimate in the room. Most conventional residential buildings in Denmark are not equipped with an automatic climate control system, as in " smart homes". The owner himself checks the sensors and, depending on the indicators, can adjust the microclimate manually. In both the first and second cases, the effect is the same.
So, the main advantage of a Danish house is in comfort for life and energy efficiency. The Danes prefer to invest in quality construction using new technologies, as they know that it will pay off in a few years. The cost of electricity in such a house is 5 times less. The Danes are careful about the choice building materials for your home - they are all safe for health. Thus, the Danish home combines simplicity design solution with energy efficiency, which creates a comfortable living space.
We thank the company rockwool for the provided materials and illustrations
DANHAUS claims that a real family nest can be "twisted" in three months 
Seven times measure cut once. This rule is followed by builders, examining the soil for laying the foundation. 
Linking the future home to the area
The work of installing panels requires skill from the crane operator 
Interior partitions are set according to the level after the installation of two adjacent walls 
Individual elements are nailed with a pneumatic hammer 
Basic Assembly Tool - Pneumatic Wrench 
Roof trusses are assembled on the ground from finished elements. For their connection, wooden and metal linings are used, nailed. 
The installation of the dormer window is carried out before the installation of the rafters of the lucarna 
The pediment is installed in place along with the windows 
The design of the balcony provides for height adjustment. For this, the racks are equipped with adjusting nodes. 
Insulation boards are delivered to the construction site immediately before being laid in the interfloor ceiling and in the roof structure. 
The wooden elements of the roof are connected with corners, steel and wooden linings. 
The gaps between the plates of the insulation of the threshold of the balcony door are foamed 
Inclined roof windows are installed in pre-prepared openings 
Laying natural tiles is carried out in rows from the bottom up. Tiles ready for laying are distributed over the battens so that they are easy to pick up. 
Plates of gypsum fiber sheets are hemmed to the ceiling wooden beams pneumatic stapler staples 
Facing the house is half-brick. Although the total thickness of the wall is 40 cm, its heat-shielding properties correspond to brickwork 1.5 m thick 
Ground floor plan 
Second floor plan Do you want to build a quality western house for Russian rubles? Do you dream that it was beautiful, warm and did not require major repairs for a long time? And at the same time, do you want to turn construction into an endless process? Then show interest in how the Danish panel- frame houses being built in the Moscow region.
Golden mean
Assembling a house begins with a mortgage board What it looks like danish house in which he lives typical representative middle class? Not like the castle of Elsinore, but not like a "shelter of a wretched Chukhonian" either. Usually this is a solid low-rise building, erected according to standard project from relatively inexpensive materials. Danish building practice low-rise buildings gives Russians a real chance to acquire their own home. Most homeowners in both countries want to have as much quality housing with a minimum cost of its creation. That is why Danish projects, implemented for the first time in our country in the Moscow region, are of great interest to our compatriots.
Relatively inexpensive model houses are built using proven technologies. Individual design increases the cost of the building, at least twice. Danish firms offer the customer a choice of several options for houses different sizes. In addition, each project can be finalized. For example, the same building is offered both with and without a terrace. However, the Danes are ready to build buildings and individual projects. Within two months from the moment the project is approved, all components of the future home, including consumables, are assembled and prepared for shipment at the plant. During this time, the foundation is cast on the construction site, water, electricity, gas are supplied to the facility.
The panel is fixed on the laying board with glue-sealant. A feature of the construction of new buildings in Russia is that the panel-frame box is lined on the outside with face brick, which is purchased, at the choice of the customer, from us or abroad. A close analogue of such houses are frame-panel houses. However, Danish buildings are fundamentally different from them in that all parts of their frame, together with the skin, are produced in the form of panels in the factory, and not on the construction site. For the construction of walls and partitions, panels made using the Danish Polar Isolierung technology are used. It allows you to create energy-saving panels without seams and joints up to 13.8 m long (along the length of the truck for transportation), from which the walls are assembled. The surfaces of the panels are made of durable Fermacell gypsum fiber sheets of the German company FELS, which can withstand a load of 50 kg/cm 2 . The voids are filled with ROCKWOOL (Denmark) basalt fiber insulation. From the side of the room, the thermal insulation of the panels is protected vapor barrier film Tyvek Hd Soft produced by the international concern DUPONT, outside they are covered with a windproof plate from NORBIT (Norway), which simultaneously protects against moisture.
Brick cladding is needed to increase the energy efficiency of the frame and give the house a finished architectural form. The combined structure of the walls makes it possible to lighten and at the same time strengthen the structure of the house, increase the resistance of walls and windows to heat transfer, reduce the cost of construction, and speed up its process. Such houses equally well withstand both the northern cold and the southern heat, have wind and seismic resistance. Suffice it to say that the heat loss of the building is reduced to the highest possible level today. And one more thing: the sound insulation of walls and floors of the house reaches a value of 45 dB. This means that the rooms will be quiet, even if construction equipment is working outside.
Of course, Danish houses cannot be classified as cheap. Price typical building with an area of 150 m 2 is 110 thousand (without interior decoration). But by Moscow standards, it would also be wrong to call such a house expensive.
Assembly line principle
The pneumatic tool is driven by a compressor. The reason for the confident advancement of Danish technology in the CIS countries and Russia is the unification of the construction process, where there is no place for the manufacture of structures directly on the construction site. Everything you need to build one-story house with attic with total area 200 m 2 is delivered to the site from the factory in three large euro trucks. With the help of a crane, both unloading of vehicles and installation of wall structures are carried out simultaneously. In the presence of a foundation, materials and a trained team of six people (plus a crane operator), the assembly of the building frame takes 2 days. Another 4 days are required for workers to install floor trusses and carry out roofing work. The construction cycle, including brick cladding and installation of communications, is 4.5 weeks. Finishing the house in time is not standardized, since this process entirely depends on the taste of the customer and the size of his wallet. But under any circumstances, the building is handed over on a turnkey basis no later than 3 months from the beginning assembly work.
The assembly of the house and its exterior decoration is carried out by domestic personnel who have undergone special training either in Denmark or in master classes that the Danes conduct in Russia. The brigade is armed with all necessary consumables and tools, including overalls. The use of tools and materials that are not provided for by the technology of the manufacturer is not allowed. All construction operations are carried out according to the company's manual, intended for official use only. Each operation is normalized by time, as in a reputable car dealership. In order to save time, lunch for workers is brought to the construction site in thermoses.
The beginning of time
The theater begins with a hanger, and the house - with the foundation. The laying of the foundation is preceded by geodetic work, which consists in drilling pits in various parts territory to identify the structure of soils, as well as the presence or absence of surface ground water. For these purposes, a mobile drilling rig based on a UAZ vehicle is used. Next, the future home is tied to the area. This is done with the help of a theodolite by a surveyor and his assistant. The data obtained are entered into the cadastral plan of the site, compiled by the local Land Committee.
The surveyor makes markings, along the lines of which foundation pits are dug manually or with an excavator. How accurately and correctly the foundation is cast determines whether the combination of wall panels will fall into place and whether the building will be strong. The Danes do not have any special documentation for the construction of the foundation. The decision of this issue is entrusted to the subcontractor Russian company, which specializes in carrying out zero cycles.
The requirements of the assemblers of the house are the strict compliance of the strength characteristics of the foundation with the calculated loads (the structure of the building weighing 80 tons will rely on it), the exact match of the foundation tape with the design dimensions of the walls along the axes, and the high-quality performance of the level screed for installing wall panels. In our case, the width of the foundation on which the panels rest and brickwork, is 50 cm; the screed is made of foam concrete blocks and brought out "to zero" with a solution. In prefabricated buildings, the load on the foundations is approximately the same, so the principles of their construction differ slightly from each other. More about foundations wooden houses can be read in the articles "When the hut is red with corners" and "A house in which the walls help."
Glossary of technical terms
Mauerlat - rafter beam.
Gable - the architectural completion of the facade of the building, limited by the slopes of the roof.
Dormer - a vertical window in the attic part of the building.
Lucarna - a structure that forms an opening for installation vertical window on the roof.
First steps
Small parts are unloaded from the truck directly into the house. Before starting the construction of a one-story house with an attic, a terrace and a balcony, workers mount a layer of waterproofing material over the foundation screed, put base boards protected from fire, moisture and decay on it and fix them with expandable anchor bolts (M20, length 200 mm). Holes for anchors are drilled in the foundation in place through the boards. Everything wooden details the house structures are made of pine processed according to the technology of the Swedish company ELOF HANSSON.
Work begins with the installation of the front wall panel. It is a facade as a whole, with an already inserted window block that do not require additional finishing. For ease of installation, at the top of the panel there are loops made of a durable synthetic cable, for which the hooks of the crane poles cling (later the loops are cut with a knife). The other three walls of the house look the same. They already have windows, entrance and balcony doors produced by the German company VEKA. Windows and doors are made of PVC profile and equipped with airtight double-glazed windows filled with argon.
The wall is delivered to the installation site by a crane directly from the truck. A layer of FERMACELL adhesive-sealant (Germany) is applied along the entire length of the base board with a pneumatic gun, which fixes the product placed on it in a matter of minutes. The wall panel is placed on the base and fixed in a strictly vertical position with temporary braces made of boards. Also, the panel is additionally connected to the base with metal plates. Nails are hammered into the wall with a pneumatic hammer. In addition, it already has holes for bolts (M20, length 250 mm), with which it will be fastened to the adjacent wall. The whole operation takes 15-20 minutes. Nails, anchors, bolts, self-tapping screws are supplied to builders by the German company WURTH. The next wall is placed in relation to the first at an angle of 90. A layer of adhesive-sealant is also applied along the line of its adjunction to the first wall. The connection is made with bolts using a pneumatic wrench (embedded threaded bushings are made under them in the wall).
Next comes the install interior partitions. They are similar panels, only with less insulation inside. They are also connected to each other with glue and bolts. Partitions are exposed by the crane in the order allowing to provide rigidity of a design. At this stage, the work is carried out by two assemblers and two riggers using only an air gun with a tube of glue and a wrench. Simultaneously with the installation of walls inside the box of the house, small structural elements (packages with skylights, consumables, etc.). Outside, in a strict order, attic facade panels are installed, rafter parts packed in blocks, floor beams. The haste of unloading has an explanation: the payment for the services of carriers is hourly. The workers are confident that the next truck will arrive at the construction site strictly on schedule, so they strive to comply with the assembly schedule and not disrupt the rhythm of work. On the first day, they manage to erect the walls and partitions of the first floor. A guard remains at the construction site; nevertheless, the entire instrument is taken away with them.
Full speed ahead!
After the installation of the trusses, the gable panels are put in place. Like walls, they are solid structures with existing windows. Under each pediment, a layer of adhesive-sealant is applied to the joint of the wall panel. The gable panel is put in place by a crane and bolted to the end trusses. According to the project, in the attic part of the house there are two symmetrical dormers produced by VEKA, located in large lucarnes on the roof slopes. The panels of the front walls of the lucarnes with the windows already built into them are placed on the places prepared among the rafters and firmly fastened to them metal corners. Later, part of the rafters from the inside of the lucarne will be carefully sawn out to form free space at the window. In order to ensure the rigidity of the connection, the cut parts of the trusses are fastened with a crossbar made of glued laminated timber.
Simultaneously with the installation of trusses, gables and lucarnes, two workers are building a balcony. Its design provides for variable loads on supporting pillars, as a result of which they are made with adjusting nodes at the base. When the balcony shrinks, which will occur already during the operation of the building, the pillars can be raised by tightening the adjusting nut. The technological opening under the door and window block of the balcony is insulated with plates of extruded polyethylene foam.
Meanwhile, the unloaded truck is replaced by the third (last), which brought insulation and engineering equipment. Insulation in plastic packaging is stored outside, while equipment (boiler of the German company VAILLANT, fireplace, boiler, plumbing and water pipes, wires, wiring accessories etc.) is placed inside the house. The working day ends with putting things in order at the construction site, loading the tool into the car and transferring the facility under protection.
Everything is visible from above
At first, not yet all the beams ceilings exposed and fixed, it is necessary to walk on them with caution. Immediately after their installation, a temporary boardwalk is laid on top, on which you can already move around quite calmly. After assembling the trusses, the workers cover them with a vapor barrier membrane DELTA-VENT (Germany), which is fixed to the rafters with stapler staples. At first, it serves as a protection for the house from rain, and then becomes part of the " roofing cake". A crate and a counter-lattice are made over the membrane, after which the natural Russian-made tile "BRAAS-DSK 1" is laid. The "pie" also includes thermal insulation from rigid ROCKWOOL mineral wool boards and vapor barrier.
In parallel, preparations are underway for warming interfloor overlap. Bars are nailed across the floor beams from below, on which the mineral wool mats of the insulation will rest. A little later, they will be covered from below with FERMACELL gypsum fiber boards. In the meantime, the openings between the beams remain open. Along with dormer windows, the attic has inclined windows of the GL308 model produced by VELUX (Denmark). Workers are preparing openings for their installation. The second day of construction ends with garbage collection from workplaces, loading tools into a special vehicle and transferring the facility to security.
Facade - the face of the house
Over the next three days, installers and an electrician work on the roof and facade of the house. The roof is a critical part of the building structure. The developer engages for this work a highly professional team of Russian craftsmen from the RSM-STROY company, who have undergone an internship in Germany. The roofing is carried out according to the patented technology of the German company BRAAS (you can read about the laying of natural tiles in the article "The roof of your house"). The same specialists hem the cornices with vinyl siding and mount spillway system produced by the Danish company PLASTMO.
Before facing the house with bricks Wall panels insulated with mineral wool boards. The multi-layer structure of the insulated walls provides them with high resistance to heat transfer. Simultaneously with the roofing work, the façade is lined with efficient high-quality bricks. The essence of the technology is as follows. From the side of the street above panel walls fastened (with stapler staples) an additional layer of insulation - ROCKWOOL mineral wool boards 20 mm thick. On its surface in polyvinyl chloride corrugated sleeves, the wiring of electrical wires to sockets and lamps stretches. Entries through the wall into the mounting and distribution boxes are made through sealing sleeves. Between the insulation and the brick lining, a two-centimeter ventilated space is maintained, which is necessary for the removal of water vapor. The first row of bricks is isolated from the foundation with a layer of hydrostekloizol. Bricklayers work standing on light scaffolding, bricks and imported mortar are fed to them manually. The color and options for exterior decoration of the house are determined by the client. The building may be entirely brick-clad or have wood-trimmed gables and wooden inserts above the windows. In our case, masons combine red and dark brown bricks in a certain order. The major palette of the roof and walls, against which the white bindings of windows and doors look spectacular, distinguishes the Danish house from neighboring buildings. He is instantly recognizable characteristic features architecture and decoration.
Enlarged calculation of the cost of work and materials for the construction of a two-story house with an area of 148 m 2
| Name of works | Unit rev. | Qty | Price, $ | Cost, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FOUNDATION WORKS | ||||
| Planning, development and excavation | m 3 | 67 | 18 | 1206 |
| Preliminary work, waterproofing | m 2 | 100 | 8 | 800 |
| The device of strip foundations made of stone | m 3 | 28 | 40 | 1120 |
| Coated side insulation | m 2 | 140 | 2,8 | 392 |
| TOTAL | 3518 | |||
| Block stone | m 3 | 28 | 50 | 1400 |
| Masonry mortar, crushed stone, expanded clay, sand | m 3 | 30 | 28 | 840 |
| Bitumen-polymer mastic (Canada) | m 2 | 240 | 3,2 | 768 |
| TOTAL | 3008 | |||
| WALLS (BOX) | ||||
| Installation and dismantling scaffolding | m 2 | 270 | 3,5 | 945 |
| Installation of walls and partitions | m 2 | 255 | 30 | 7650 |
| Installation of ceilings, stairs | m 2 | 148 | 16 | 2368 |
| Brick wall cladding | m 2 | 76 | 20 | 1520 |
| TOTAL | 12 483 | |||
| Applied materials by section | ||||
| Frame, panels, stairs, etc. | set | - | - | 70 000 |
| Front brick | PCS. | 4300 | 0,3 | 1290 |
| Masonry mortar, etc. | set | 1 | 420 | 420 |
| TOTAL | 71 710 | |||
| ROOF DEVICE | ||||
| Mounting roof structure | m 2 | 130 | 12 | 1560 |
| Tiling device | m 2 | 130 | 8 | 1440 |
| Mounting drainage system | linear m | 40 | 6 | 240 |
| TOTAL | 3240 | |||
| Applied materials by section | ||||
| Cement-sand tile BRAAS (Germany) | m 2 | 130 | 29 | 3770 |
| Vapor, wind and waterproof films | m 2 | 130 | 2 | 260 |
| Drainage system PLASTMO (Denmark) | set | 1 | 450 | 450 |
| TOTAL | 4480 | |||
| WARM CIRCUIT | ||||
| Insulation of coatings and ceilings with insulation | m 2 | 580 | 2 | 1160 |
| Filling openings with windows and door blocks | m 2 | 51 | 35 | 1785 |
| TOTAL | 2945 | |||
| Applied materials by section | ||||
| ROCKWOOL insulation | m 2 | 340 | 2,6 | 884 |
| VEKA window blocks | m 2 | 35 | 170 | 5950 |
| VELUX roof windows | PCS. | 3 | 530 | 1590 |
| TOTAL | 8424 | |||
| TOTAL cost of work | 22 200 | |||
| TOTAL cost of materials | 87 700 | |||
| TOTAL | 109 808 | |||
To be continued.
The editors would like to thank DANHAUS for their help in preparing the material.