Spelling double n in participles. –Н- and –НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech

In adjectives, one letter H is written in suffixes -IN-, -AN-, -YANG-.

For example: swan(in suffix -IN - one letter H is written) leather(in suffix

-AN- one letter H is written) woolen(in suffix -YAN- one letter H is written.

Remembering three suffixes in which one letter H is written is very easy. Need to know p the first letter of the alphabet and the last - A and Z. We add one letter H to them and get suffixes - AN, YING, YANG .

You can learn a rhyme that will help you remember the suffixes of adjectives that are written with one letter N.

For adjectives long ago

Written in scholarly books

When AN, YING, YANG, then H is one

And no more excess.

Suffix -IN- called "animal". With the help suffix IN adjectives are formed from animate nouns denoting animals, insects, birds.

MOUSE IN YY = MOUSE + IN

MOSQUITO IN YY \u003d KOMAR + IN

Nightingale IN YY \u003d Nightingale + IN

In adjectives MOUSE IN YY,MOSQUITO IN OY, NIGHTINGALING IN YY the "animal" suffix is ​​written - IN - with one letter N.

Suffixes - AN-, -YAN - are written in the names of adjectives denoting the material from which the object is made:

SKIN AN YY \u003d SKIN + AN

PESC AN YY \u003d SAND + AN

SILVER YAN YY = SILVER + YANG

WOOL YAN OH = WOOL + YAN

CLAY YAN YY \u003d CLAY + YAN

Adjectives SKIN AN YY, SAND AN YY, SILVER YAN YY , WOOL YAN OH CLAY YAN YH are written with one letter H, since the suffix in them begins with the letters AND I .

Three adjectives should be remembered, the suffix of which begins with the letter I, but the letters H in it are written not one, but two. These are the exception words: TREE YANN YY, TIN YANN GLASS YANN YY.

The following riddle about WINDOW:

glass surface, wooden frame, pewter handle.

2. Two letters НН in adjective suffixes

Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives whose suffixes begin with the letter O or E. For example, EDITORIALS HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, STRAW ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY.

Remember suffix - HE N- helps with HH UN - United Nations.

It is known that suffix - HE N- - UN fanatic.

It strives to be as similar to the UN as possible in everything. True, the difference between them is immediately noticeable: the suffix has - HE N- two H's, and his UN idol has two O's.

With the suffix - HE N -, in which two letters H are written, adjectives are formed most often foreign origin. For example, COMMISSION HE N EDITORIAL HE N YY, TRADITIONS HE N YY, REVOLUTION HE N YY

Two letters H are written in the suffix -ENN-.

Adjectives with the suffix - ENN- most often formed from nouns whose stem ends in several consonants: ARTS ENN YY, CRANBERRY ENN YY, LIFE ENN YY, FIRE ENN OH, ILLNESS ENN YY.

In Russian, there is an exception word, the suffix of which begins with the letter E, but the letters N in it are written not two, but one. This word is WINDY.

WINDY DAY

WINDY YOUTH

In the word WINDY, one letter H is written!

However, if the prefix WITHOUT appears in the word WINDY, then two letters H are written according to the rule.

WINDLESS NIGHT (there is a prefix in the word)

Remember the spelling of words WINDY andWINDLESS the following verse helps.

Windy young man, windy day!

You can easily remember:

I always write only one N!

Windless morning, day or night!

Without applying the rules of knowledge,

Write two N's without hesitation!

3. Two letters H at the junction of morphemes

Two letters H are written in the names of adjectives formed with the help of the suffix H from nouns with the stem starting with the letter H.

PLAIN = ravni H A+ H

LONG= LENGTH H A+ H

TRUE= ISTI H A+ H

outlandish= DIKOVI H A+ H

pancake = BLI H +H

The following poetic rule helps to write a double letter H in the adjective.

The mist one has

But if the city has become foggy,

Based on H and suffix H,

And it turns out,

Remember this case is strange.

4. Things to remember

There are several words in Russian that do not have the suffix H and suffer greatly from this. These words are often confused and erroneously write double HH in them.

Remember: in words SINGLE, GREEN, SPICY, ROSE, YOUNG, PORK one letter H is written, which is part of the root.

5. Analyzing examples

Let's determine how many letters H are written in the following adjectives and why.

GOOSE(this word has an "animal" suffix -IN -, in which one letter H is written),

TELEPHONE(this adjective is formed from the noun TELEPHONE, the stem of which ends with the letter H. The suffix H is added. Therefore, we write the word TELEPHONE with two letters H),

STRAW(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter E, so we write HH),

LINEN(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter I and denotes the material from which the object is made, so we write one letter H),

WINDY(this is an exception word in which one letter H is written),

INFECTIOUS(the suffix of this adjective begins with the letter O, so we write HH),

GLASS(this is an exception word that is included in the riddle about the window; therefore we write HH).

6. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes

Choosing H, HH to write in the suffix, you can use the algorithm.

Table 1. Algorithm for writing Н, НН in adjective suffixes ()

7. Н, НН in short adjectives

It should be remembered that in the short names of adjectives the same number of N is written as in the full ones: traditional - traditional, smart - smart.

Bibliography

1. Russian language. Grade 6 / Baranov M.T. and others - M .: Education, 2008.
2. Babaitseva V.V., Chesnokova L.D. Russian language. Theory. 5-9 cells - M.: Bustard, 2008.
3. Russian language. 6 cells / Ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta. - M.: Bustard, 2010.

1. Reference table().
2. Presentation ().
3. Additional exercise ().

Homework

Task number 1

Insert, where necessary, the missing letters H or HH. Justify your answer.

Yu..y, y..at, silver..y, aviation..y, long..y, tin..y, straight..y, hurricane..y, debatable..y, swans..y, wind..th, windy..oh, windless..th, autumn..th, morning..th, morning..ik, glass..th, harder..ik, silver..th, silver..ka, shameless..ik, seme..oh, ice..oh, cranberry..oh, hemp..oh, hemp..ik, sparrows..oh, nightingales..oh, stirrup..oh, seme..oh, red banner .. th, triumph .. th, life .. th , old .. th, guests .. th, guests ple..th, whole..th, drunk..th, rya..th, blush..th, blush..a, fire..th, sandy..th, craft..th, secondary..th, pension .. th, clay .. th, beast .. th, offspring .. th, precious .. th, bouillo .. th, flat .. th, half-dead .. th, wild .. th, not quite .. th, sheep..th, infectious..th, sympathetic..th, seventh..th, countless..th, friendship..th, oats..th, one-time..th, ants..th, wave..th, mice..y, svi..oh, pigs..a, firewood..ik, oil..ik, mali..ik, axis..ik, ripples..ik, friends..ik, moshe..ik, wind..ik, side..ik, smart..yy, ko..itsa, leeward..yy, sandy..ik, travel. .ik, vlasya..itsa, vishe..ik, weathered..y, chicken..oh (ataman).

Task number 2

Make the “silent” table speak: write down the necessary words in place of the gaps. Write down adjectives with the studied spelling from the poems.

1. He slept, all radiant, in an oak manger,

Like a ray of moon in the hollow of a hollow.

He was replaced with a sheep ... skin

Donkey ... ox lips and nostrils.

B. Pasternak

2. And there is a birch in so ... oh silence,

And snowflakes burn in golden fire.

S. Yesenin

3. Do you love ice ... oh January,

Windless, brutal cold.

And I am a fierce February,

A blizzard, a daring snowstorm.

Spelling: Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs).

1. Two letters H are written: 1) in adjectives formed with the suffix -n- from nouns with stem on n(sleep - sleepy); 2) in adjectives formed from nouns with the help of suffixes -onn-, -enn-(station). Exception: windy.

2. One letter H it is written: 1) in the suffix -in-(goose); 2) in the suffix -en- (-yang-) adjectives formed from nouns (leather). Exceptions: pewter, wooden, glass.

3. In short adjectives write the same number of letters n, so much and in full. Foggy (foggy).

4. two letters H are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs: 1) if they have a prefix, except not-; 2) if they include dependent words; 3) if the word has a suffix -ova-(-Eve-); 4) if the word is formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb, except wounded. Dried, galvanized, deprived (from deprive - v. sov. v.), measured with a ruler

5. One letter H written in suffixes: 1) short passive participles; 2) non-prefixed adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, and also without a dependent word (confusing answer). Exceptions; slow, desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected.

6. In adverbs on -about (-e) is written the same n, how many in the adjectives from which they are formed. Usually (ordinary).

Table "Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech"

Summary of the lesson "Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech."

Algorithm for working with Н-НН in the word suffix

1. I see a word with H in the suffix before H consonant the letter means, I always write this adjective H (inter withn th)

2. I see a word with H in the suffix before H vowel I conduct a word-formation analysis of the letter:

3. The word is formed from a noun means it's an adjective isolate the root and apply the rule(for full and short form):

1) suffix –AN-YANG I write with H(made from something: sand en th)

EXCL: tin yann th, trees yann oh, glass yann th

2) suffix –IN-I write with H(always stressed; someone; from an animated noun:

eagle in th)

3) suffix -ENN-ONN I write with HH(morning enn ii)

EXCL: wind en th

4) the root (base) ends with H + H suffix - I write HH (tuma nn oh, old nn th)

4. The word is formed from the verb I define the form

A) full form I apply the rule:

1) there is a dependent word, it means this is a participle - I write HH(crush enn th paint)

2) there is a suffix -OVA-EVA, which means this is a participle - I write HH(rice ovann th)

3) from the verb of the perfect form, it means this participle - I write HH(on crush enn th)

4) from an imperfective verb, it means that this is an adjective - I write H(crush en th floor)

B) short form define the meaning of the word:

1) direct meaning means this is a short participle - I write H(children sobr en s in class)

2) figurative meaning, this is a short adjective - I write HH(children sobr ann s)

DIFFICULT CASES OF WRITING N - HH

short form

adjectives

remember spelling

ATTENTION!

Honored e n (from honor it)

Dosto and n (from worth th ny) -

Dosto and nstvo.

Udli n e nn th (- udli n it - length n a)

Spelling H and HH in adjectives

The number of letters H in adjectives depends on the suffix with which the word was formed.

If a word is formed using the suffix -Н-, doubling of consonants is obtained only when the stem of the generating word ends in N. For example: SON-N-Y, DRUM-N-Y.

If suffixes were used in the formation of a word
–AN-, -YAN-, -IN-, then you need to write one letter H. For example: GUS-IN-Y, SILVER-YAN-Y, LEATHER-AN-Y.

If the suffixes are -ONN- or -ENN-, then two N are written. For example: AVIATION-ONN-Y, STRAW-ENN-Y.

Remember a few exceptions: GLASS, TIN, WOODEN. In these words, double H is written, despite the fact that they were formed with the help of the suffix -YAN-.

Pay attention also to the word WINDY. There are no double consonants in it, since this adjective was formed not from the noun WIND, but from the obsolete verb WIND with the suffix N.

There are also a few adjectives for which this rule cannot be applied, for example: YOUNG, RUSSIAN. The fact is that these words were formed without suffixes at all. They write one H, which is at the root.

An exercise

1. From below came a rising, rising rumble, from the side - the sound of bone balls through a glass partition, behind which anxious faces flickered. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

2. Just think: forty kopecks from two dishes, and both of these dishes and five alt are not worth it, because the supply manager stole the remaining twenty-five kopecks. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

3. Then the bloody sun burst in his head with a ringing sound, and he saw absolutely nothing more. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

4. The duck's nose turned pale, and Turbin immediately realized that he was mistaken, he grabbed the wrong person. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

5. The machine, having turned the first stagnant waves, went smoothly, with a thousand-headed, lion's roar and ringing filling the empty halls of Spimat. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

6. Having surveyed the position with an eagle's eye, Korotkov hesitated for a moment and with a battle cry: "Forward!" ran into the billiard room. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

7. But the woman remained adamant and sad. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

8. He himself, in the same bandage, but not wetted, but dry, walked around not far from a group of executioners, not even taking off his overhead silver lion's muzzles from his shirt, without taking off his greaves, sword and knife. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

9. Then, with horror, he looked into the razor mirror, sure that he had lost an eye. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

10. The pantser was rising with a country, unnatural speed, and Korotkov's heart sank at the thought that he would let him go. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

11. The man, smiling with an unusually polite, lifeless, plaster smile, approached Korotkov. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

12. Korotkov tried to laugh artificially, but it did not work out for him. (M. Bulgakov "The Devil")

13. With a shiny penknife, he cut the bell wire ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

14. The car drives in vain kaze_n uy! the cat also chimed in, chewing on the mushroom. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

15. Then he hung a heavy Mauser in a wooden holster, shaking the rack with deer antlers. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

16. Vaguely seen clumps of virgin and untouched lilacs, under the snow, a door, a glass lantern of an old canopy covered with snow. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

17. The ruddy-faced fat cadet slammed his bed by the box and stood motionless. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

18. ... the holster, probably due to the absent-mindedness of Colonel Malyshev, was unbuttoned. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

19. The rifle clattered down the icy hump of the pavement. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

20. A strange drunken ecstasy arose from Nikolka from somewhere in his stomach, and his mouth instantly dried up. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

21. In place of a very weak and in really difficult cases, an unnecessary mind, a wise animal instinct grows. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

22. Jack of Hearts climbed onto a chair, spat in Vasilisa's mustache and fired point-blank. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

23. ... a golden tail and the ends of two rifles flashed on a hat. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

24. There is only one illuminated place: Vladimir has been standing on a terrible heavy pedestal for a hundred years now, cast-iron black Vladimir and holding in his hand, upright, a three-sazhen_th cross. (M. Bulgakov "The White Guard")

25. He was wearing a leather jacket from someone else's shoulder, frayed leather trousers and English high boots with lacing up to the knees. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

26. And if you want to listen to good advice: pour not English, but ordinary Russian vodka. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

27. The doctor, pale, with very determined eyes, raised his glass with a dragonfly waist. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

28. Philip Philipovich woefully pointed with both hands at the window curtain. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

29. On board the most magnificent jacket, like an eye, a precious stone stuck out. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

30. The blizzard clapped from a gun overhead, tossed up the huge letters of the poster canvas ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

31. Complete astonishment was expressed on the faces, and the woman was covered with a cranberry coating. (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

32. He fell right on the table into a long dish, splitting it along ... (M. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog")

33. Here, in the state library, authentic manuscripts of the warlock Herbert of Avrilak, tenth century, were found, and so it is required that I sort them out. I am the only specialist in the world. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

34. The novelist Petrakov-Sukhovey, who was dining at the next table, with his wife, who was eating up the pork escalope, noticed the courtship of Archibald Archibaldovich with the observation characteristic of all writers and was very surprised. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

35. He shifted his gaze higher and saw a figure in a crimson military mantle, rising to the execution site. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita")

36. But the fact is that all the time and continuously more and more new material entered the sleepless floor. (M. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita").

The exercise was prepared by R. Lozovsky and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

Participle and adjective. There is so much in common between these two parts of speech that it is often difficult to distinguish which is which. But the correct spelling depends on the correct definition. This also applies to the rules governing the use of H and HH in adjectives and participles.

Communion: one or two

The participle is a verb form that contains both verbal features and adjective features. When thinking about how many letters H to use in writing participles, keep in mind that in this part of speech there are always two H.

However, there is a special group - verbal participles. Н and НН and the subtleties of their spelling in these parts of speech will be considered in detail below, but for now we will give examples of the basic rule. In full passive participles with suffixes -nn- and -enn- two letters H are always written, provided:

1. The sacrament has a prefix, for example: a plowed field, stewed vegetables, fried fish.
2. The presence of the sacrament of words dependent on it: fish dried on the balcony, apples soaked in a barrel, a field plowed in the morning.
3. This is a perfect participle: a purchased cloak, a solved equation, a captive warrior.
4. A verb with a suffix participated in the formation of the participle -ova-(-eva-, -irova-): paved road (pave), explored area (explore).

If at least one of these conditions is met, you can safely use two letters N.

One H in adjectives

The situation is much more complicated with adjectives. Here the spelling of one N or two depends on many factors.

Consider cases where one H is needed:

1. If the adjective has suffixes -in-, -an-(-yan-). The first, as a rule, refers to an animal (eagle's beak, cock's tail, swan fidelity). The second indicates what the object is made of: a leather belt, oil paint (oil-based paint, should be distinguished from the word oiled in the meaning of oil-soaked - oiled pancake), silver spoon (also to be distinguished from the word silver, with an emphasis on e - the meaning of y the word "treated with silver", the word in this sense has the suffix -en-). This item has three words that are exceptions: glass, tin, wood.
2. In adjectives in the formation of which no part of speech (primitives) participated: blue, young. These adjectives have no suffix.
3. Exclusion word - adjective windy, here you need to write one H, but its derivatives with prefixes will have HH: the weather was calm, we approached from the leeward side. It is also worth distinguishing a word with a different lexical meaning: windmill (working on the basis of wind) - wind turbine, chicken pox.

NN in adjectives

HH should be written with adjectives in the following cases:

1. The letters stand at the junction of the root and the suffix: depth - deep; fog - foggy; million - millionth.
2. The adjective is formed using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: operational (from operation), station (station), intentional (intention).
3. ending in -ovanny (-evanny): spoiled, painted, organized.

verbal adjective

There is a whole group of adjectives - verbal. It is with their distinction in the text that mistakes are made, the rule H and HH in participles is incorrectly applied. Why? The fact is that they have a very pronounced meaning of action: fried, steamed, boiled. The rule "spelling H and HH in participles" does not fit them. In verbal forms of an adjective, one N is always used.

Such adjectives have a number of specific features, by which one can easily guess that we have this particular part of speech:

1. Lack of attachment. Compare: painted - painted. The second word has a prefix, so the rule “H and HH in participles” applies to it - HH should be used. But the first is a verbal adjective, which must be written with one N.
2. Absence of dependent words. Let's compare: a confused trace is a trace confused with special care. In the first case, we observe a verbal adjective in which we write one H (there are no dependent words). They are in the second case - we write, according to the rule "H and HH in participles", with two H.

Verbal adjective or participle: algorithm

You can determine the spelling H and HH in adjectives and participles using an algorithm, the main thing in which is to correctly recognize the part of speech. It must be remembered that the participle requires the setting of two N, and one in the verbal adjective. Let's look at two examples.

• First: Boiled water is poured into the decanter . To begin with, let's determine the presence of a prefix: the verb "boil" is used in the formation of the word, respectively, the prefix is ​​absent. Next, let's see if there are dependent words. They are not here. If these two points do not match, then most likely we have a verbal adjective. The only thing left to do is to check what kind of verb the word is formed from. Boil (what to do? - imperfect view). This means that the rule “spelling H and HH in participles” does not work here. This is an adjective - we write one letter H.
• Second: Freshly boiled water is poured into the decanter . We look at the presence of the prefix: boiled, formed from the verb "boil" using the prefix -Sun-. Although we could stop there, apply the rule “Н and НН in participles” and write two Н, we will check further. At the word « boiled” is a dependent word - “recently”, which means that we clearly have a sacrament.

So, briefly, the algorithm for using H and HH in participle suffixes boils down to the following: we determine whether the word has prefixes or dependent words. If there is, this is a participle, where NN is written. If neither one nor the other is present, we check the type of the verb that participated in the formation of the word: imperfect - one N, perfect - NN.

Spelling Н and НН in short adjectives and participles

Another aspect of the rule regarding the use of Н or НН in participles and adjectives is their short forms.

The short form of the adjective answers the questions “what? », “what? » In this form, as many letters H are required as used and in full form: solemn speech - solemn speech, long way - the way is long, mysterious nature - nature is mysterious or a wounded fighter - a fighter is wounded, windy weather - the weather is windy, confused rule - the rule is confused .

In short participles, one H is always used, even if there are two of them in the full form. For example: lessons learned - lessons learned, newspaper read - newspaper read, poem written - poem written, house built - house built.