Assembling a wooden house from rounded logs. Log houses: how to build a quality and warm home? Log processing and caulking, antiseptic treatment

In this article, we will look at how to make a log house with our own hands, which will not be inferior in beauty and functionality to a structure made by specialists.

Modern technologies

If you have a question about how to build a house from a log, we advise you to read this material. The most popular construction of a house from logs. There is an explanation for this:

1. This type of building material is pre-machined, so that each trunk has the same size.
2. According to the customer's project, the length of the logs is adjusted, and with the help of laser equipment, a connection is made on each trunk with great precision. Due to this, there is practically no manual adjustment, and the frame is assembled as if from parts of a designer.

Where to begin?

Of course, from the project. Some limitation of the flight of fancy for creating your own project can be the size of the logs - they have a certain length. Therefore, you first need to inquire about what is sold in your area, since the standard length of logs is 6 m, and the maximum length can reach 13 m, but this is only possible when purchasing Siberian larch.

However, if your knowledge in the field of design is superficial, then it is better not to experiment, as mistakes can be very costly, to the point that the house may become uninhabitable. What to do?

There are many ready-made projects on the vast expanses of the Internet - some can be downloaded for free, others are sold. The second option is more reliable, since everything is calculated to the smallest detail by specialists. Whichever way you go, but before you build a log house, you need to have a clear idea about the size of the house and the number of floors. This will help determine what kind of foundation you need.

Foundation selection

The period that it will last depends on how strong the foundation is for a house built of logs. The undoubted advantage of a wooden house is its light weight, so you do not need to make a very powerful foundation. Its device may be different, but the foundation must be built in accordance with all standards of strength and reliability. Let's take a look at a few options that are suitable for this purpose:

• Shallow strip foundation.
• Pillar foundation.
• Pile foundation.
• Slab foundation.

The most common is strip foundation. It is followed by columnar and piled, but in cases where the soil is too loose and wet, the last option remains - the device of a slab foundation. It is more expensive, but even if a log house "floats", then only with a stove. In any case, before deciding which foundation to make, you need to “get acquainted” with the soil.

After completing the work, carefully check the levelness of the surface of the base using a hydraulic level. If the difference is more than 1 cm, then it must be leveled with cement mortar or waterproofing.

Material selection

Even a child will answer the question of which tree is the most resinous - well, who doesn’t remember how hard it is to wash your hands after you take hold of the trunk. Someone may have less pleasant, but vivid memories of resin - he sat on a bench, from the boards of which this liquid, sticking to everything it collides, stood out. Undoubtedly, the most resinous are logs from coniferous trees.

Due to the fact that this wood has a lot of resin, it is less prone to decay. In addition, the trunks of coniferous trees are straight, and this is one of the most important factors for building a wooden house, so, given the low cost of this material, we will opt for it.

If you wish and have funds, you can buy larch beams, which have a very beautiful texture, they are strong and durable, but very expensive.

Stages of work

For any house, and especially for a wooden one, it is necessary to isolate the building material well from moisture. First of all, concrete is smeared with molten bitumen. Before laying the first crown, lay at least 2 layers of waterproofing on the foundation (in addition, you can do one more laying with “glass isol”). Then comes the laying board, and on top is another layer of waterproofing, which must be laid in such a way that all layers extend beyond the edge of the foundation by 25 cm from all sides.

The beam must be prepared in advance, even when the timber is unloaded onto the site. We need the most even logs, with a minimum number of knots and without blue. The forest is selected according to annual rings - the one with more rings and is the most dense. Pay attention to the fact that this is the central part of the tree. This can be determined by the location of the center point on the cut of the log.

Be sure to coat the selected wood several times with liquid bituminous mastic (this composition is achieved by mixing with used engine oil), leaving the ends intact, as moisture will escape through them. This will help to saturate the beam as much as possible, thereby significantly increasing the life of the crown before replacing it.

If the log is somewhat curved, then it should be laid with its even edge down. Fasten the bars with metal dowels, which must be hammered to a depth of 3 cm.

Next, a house is assembled from blanks, which is not particularly difficult. Keeping the sequence of laying, the logs must be stacked on top of each other, but before laying the next logs, fasten the tape insulation made of jute, hemp or tow to the longitudinal groove.

It is important to securely fasten the timber near window openings and doors. This is done with the help of a dowel - a wooden stake, which connects 2-3 logs. Before fixing the log, check its position relative to the wall. Fix it with nails, driving them into the sides.

This will prevent the log from moving when it is drilled with a hammer drill with a long drill, the diameter of which should be 5 mm smaller than the dowel used. That is, if the drill is Ø 20 mm, then the dowel should be Ø 25 mm. Tightly driven dowels hold the logs together tightly, making the frame strong.

Video

In this video we are talking about building a house from logs.

A log as a building material has been used for a very long time, and does not lose its popularity to this day. In addition to environmental friendliness, log houses attract with their appearance and relatively low cost. In this article, we will analyze in stages how to build a log house yourself.

Many companies are engaged in the construction of turnkey wooden houses today. They are also engaged in the preparation and production of logs. The price of a turnkey house depends not only on the size of the house, but also on the diameter of the logs used and the method of their production.

Building a house from a log with your own hands will be much cheaper than ordering turnkey construction. The cost of building materials is comparable to the cost of work. That is, the price of a finished house ordered from a turnkey company is twice the cost of building materials.

Types of logs

Logs are made from softwood, mainly spruce, pine or larch.

According to the method of production (harvesting), a log can be:

- debarked

- scraped

- planed

- rounded

The debarked log is one of the commonly used materials for building houses. Not significant processing helps the tree to keep all its protective properties, which significantly increases its service life. At the price of a house made of debarked logs, they are not expensive, but require additional finishing.

From a barked log, by removing the underbark (bast) with the help of scraping and polishing, a very durable scraped log is obtained. In the process of processing, the logs are adjusted to each other, all irregularities, knots and other flaws are removed. The price of a house made from such a log will already be higher than from a debarked one, since additional processing requires a lot of time. A log house made of a scraped log does not require additional finishing work, but on the contrary, due to the uniqueness of each log, it looks very worthy.

The name itself - "planed log" speaks of the technology of its production. With the help of an electric planer, a small upper part is removed from the logs, and all irregularities are eliminated. Thus, fairly even logs are obtained. Just like with a chipped log, planed logs fit together. Houses made of planed logs are very warm, durable and do not require additional finishing work. The price of such turnkey houses is much higher than that of the above options.

The rounded log is obtained as a result of processing the log on a rounding machine. Due to this, perfectly even logs are obtained along the entire length, which do not require adjustment. As a result of processing, the protective layer is removed from the tree, which can subsequently lead to cracking of the log and rapid damage to the log house (rotting). Houses from such a log are assembled quite quickly, they look beautiful without additional decoration. The price of turnkey log houses is not high, but it is quite difficult to get a high-quality log house from such material.

Project selection

After determining the material from which the house will be built, you can begin to select its project. You can design a small house yourself or find a free project on the Internet. But you should not experiment with the project of a two-story large house. It is better to purchase it in the appropriate organization, which, most likely, will help with obtaining a permit for its construction.

When independently designing a future home, it is necessary to take into account the maximum possible length of logs, which is 6 meters. The height of the future house is calculated based on the diameter of the logs, which is different for everyone, with the exception of the use of galvanized logs.

Foundation for a log house

The foundation for a house made of solid logs must withstand heavy loads. The most suitable is a tape shallowly buried foundation. The price of this type of turnkey foundation in construction companies is quite high, therefore, it is also better to perform this stage of construction on your own.

Before erecting a foundation for a log house, it is necessary to mark the site. To do this, pegs are driven into the corners of the future house, and a string is stretched between them, indicating its contours. Next, a trench is dug with a depth of 60-70 cm and a width equal to the width of the foundation, and it depends on the diameter chosen for the construction of the log. It is desirable that the foundation protrude beyond the wall by 5 cm from the outside, and by 10 cm from the inside. The internal protrusion is necessary for a more stable and high-quality fit of the floor logs.

A layer of sand (sand cushion) is poured at the bottom of the trench, which is well compacted.

The next step is the assembly and installation of the formwork. It is made from boards or plywood, by assembling shields. The shields are installed on top of the trench opposite each other and are well fastened together.

Reinforcement is placed inside the formwork, which is connected to each other into one single frame. For the foundation for a log house, reinforcement of at least 12 diameters is used, in several rows.

After the formwork and reinforcing frame are installed, concrete can be poured. When buying concrete at the manufacturer, it is necessary to order concrete grade M250. With self-pouring, the proportions are as follows: 1 cement (400): 3 sand: 4.5-5 crushed stone.

Important! In the foundation, it is necessary to provide holes for ventilation of the subfloor. The height of the foundation from the ground should be less than 50 cm.

wall technology

Before laying the first crown of the log house, it is necessary to waterproof the foundation by laying waterproofing material on it (roofing material, hydrostekloizol).

For the first crown, choose the largest log in diameter and the most resinous.

You can also use larch logs, but its price is quite high. To give greater stability to the log, part of it is removed, making a flat area. Treated with an antiseptic solution and laid on the foundation.

For a high-quality fit to each other, a longitudinal groove is selected in the logs. When ordering a finished log house made of logs, this groove is already made at the factory. In all other cases, the groove is made manually.

Video. How to make a longitudinal groove manually:

Logs are stacked groove down on top of each other. For a tight and warm connection, moss or tow is laid between the logs. The logs are connected to each other with the help of wooden dowels, which are inserted vertically into pre-drilled holes.

Corner connection can have several options: with and without a remainder.

When connecting logs with the rest, there will be an overrun of the material, since part of the log protrudes beyond the walls of the house. This method will increase the cost of construction.

The corner joint of the logs must be warm. It can be obtained by joining into a paw (when joining without a remainder) and by joining into a bowl (when joining with a remainder).

If the diameter of the logs is large enough, then, most likely, in order to build a house from a log, you will have to resort to the help of equipment: a crane or a manipulator.

It is easier to build a house from a rounded log than from a regular one. The log is even, all the necessary grooves and corner joints have already been made in production, all that remains is to assemble the designer.

Roof construction technology

After assembling the box at home, it must be protected from the effects of precipitation. To do this, you must immediately build a roof over it.

This will require boards 150 * 50 mm, from which the truss system is constructed. A roof slope of 30 degrees is optimal. The rafters are installed at a distance of 60-100 mm from each other and are attached to the wall in the lower part with long nails or metal corners, and in the upper part to the ridge beam. Roofing waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters, a counter rail is nailed to ensure a ventilated gap, and a wooden crate is equipped.

Roofing material is laid on the crate. In the case of flexible bituminous tiles, a solid plywood base is made. The price of a soft roof is higher than a metal one, but in certain cases (complex hip roofs), its use will be preferable and more expedient.

A log house with an arranged roof will have a beautiful finished look.

Important nuances

After the construction of the box of the house and the roof, the log house must be settled for at least one year. After its shrinkage, you can proceed to the finishing (pigtail) of window and door openings.

As described above, houses made of logs or planed logs do not require additional finishing, but protection of wood from moisture and insects is required. For this, wooden houses should be periodically treated with special solutions and paints. The quality of wood processing will determine how long a log house will last.

To reduce the heat loss of a log house, it must be well caulked.

To build a turnkey log house with your own hands, you need to purchase a suitable project, high-quality and affordable material and follow the technology at all stages of construction.

By choosing or drawing a specific project, and calculating how much building material is needed and how much money is needed to build this particular house, you will understand how much the price of the proposed finished houses in construction companies differs from the cost of building a house with your own hands.

Video. Construction of a house from a log.

19.04.2016 by
Categories: house
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A house made of logs is a more progressive analogue of the traditional Russian log house - a hut that our ancestors built. Although the construction of a house from chopped logs has not lost its relevance.

Paying tribute to traditions, modern technologies make it possible to obtain a building material - a rounded log with the same diameter along the entire length, with clearly defined parameters of longitudinal grooves and seats (bowls).

Visually, the modern log house has also undergone changes and began to look much smoother and neater. The operational characteristics of the log itself have also changed. As a result of processing, it has become more stable, resistant to torsion, and most importantly, in contrast to chopped logs, rounding has no taper. Stable geometry increases the speed of assembly of the house and its quality.

Advantages and disadvantages of log houses

It is possible to single out both advantages and disadvantages, most of which are subjective or depend on the source material or the quality of processing.

Advantages of log houses

• predominantly natural materials are used. Usually, the finish is chosen to match the house from natural materials;

• excellent natural ventilation, due to which there are no prerequisites for the appearance of condensate, dampness, the development of strokes and mold;

• there is a unique spirit of natural wood, which has a positive effect on human health; The material was prepared for the site www.site

• warm in winter and cool in summer. Due to the tight fit of the logs and the low thermal conductivity of the wood itself, a house built from a log of large diameter does not need additional insulation and air conditioning;

• attractive facade, exterior and interior.

In addition, a log house is a strong, reliable, stable structure, the construction of which takes from 5 to 30 days, depending on the project. At the same time, the construction of a house from a log is considered one of the economically viable projects in private construction, with an optimal combination of price, quality and construction time.

Cons of log houses

Disadvantages should be considered first of all in order to take measures to eliminate them and avoid possible errors.

• shrinkage. The main disadvantage of a house made of logs. Note that wooden construction is always associated with shrinkage of buildings, this is due to the characteristics of the wood itself. But, a six-month break in work for the most active shrinkage, the choice of dry material, the use of jacks, strengthening the junction of logs, etc. nuances will reduce the shrinkage of the log. An indicator of 8-10% is considered optimal;

• combustibility. Wood burns - that's a fact. But it does not belong to easily flammable materials, and the probability of its spontaneous ignition (for example, from electrical wiring) is no higher than in other houses. But a wooden house is easier to put out, and the smoke emitted during the combustion process is not as toxic as that of heaters used to insulate stone houses;

• cracking. The appearance of cracks is also a natural process for wood. You can minimize their appearance by buying a dry log and putting the house into operation correctly, in particular, the correct mode of heat supply during the onset of cold weather;

• care. A wooden house is constantly in need of care. Periodically, it is necessary to caulk the cracks and cover the log to protect it from external factors. But, any private house needs care. Taking care of your own home can hardly be considered a serious disadvantage.

When is the best time to build a log house?

You can choose the start of construction based on your own capabilities. Any time, with the exception of autumn, allows you to perform construction work. However, the most preferred time of the year to start assembling a log house is the end of winter. This is due to such factors:

• winter forest is considered the best for building houses;
• in the winter season there is no precipitation, and it is easier to protect a log from snow than from rain;
• since the house is being built quickly, the developer has spring for the gradual drying of the wood, and summer for the most active phase of shrinkage, and in the fall it will be possible to install a permanent roof.

Round log house project

Any construction must begin with the development of a project, and a project for a residential building made of logs needs to be approved by various authorities.

What you need to design a log house:

• order the development of an individual project, develop a project independently using computer programs, download a typical project and modify it taking into account the characteristics of the place and operating conditions (geodetic surveys will need to be carried out);

• calculate the parameters of the future home: total area, usable area, number of living rooms, their purpose, take into account the special requirements of residents (for example, pensioners or people with disabilities), take into account all wishes, because the house is being built for the whole family and will be operated by several generations ;

• think over the truss system and choose the roofing material. It should be heavy enough to create pressure on the walls and prevent gaps between the logs;

• take care of the protection of the south side of the house. As you know, it is she who is most susceptible to rapid shrinkage due to direct sunlight. Therefore, most projects contain a veranda or covered terrace along the south side of the log home;

• make a log - a document that will allow you to order a house kit made of rounded logs for self-assembly or simplify the fitting of logs when using moldings.

What timber is better to build a house from?

A log house will only be able to reveal all its features when it is made of high-quality building material.

It is the 21st century in the yard, but people, tired of the bustle and environmental problems of big cities, are increasingly thinking about how to build a wooden house with their own hands and move to the bosom of nature.

What is needed for this, where to start, what kind of knowledge you need to have - these are just a small part of the huge list of questions that confront a person. In order to make it easier to determine the type of house, we present some data.

Types of wooden houses: wooden from timber, from profiled timber, from hewn logs, rounded logs, from profiled glued timber, frame houses.

If you want to learn how to build a wooden house from a log, you should consider this building more carefully.

log house

• Such a building is built from solid logs, peeled of bark with an ax, such tree species as cedar and pine are used.
• Thanks to manual work, resin remains on the logs, protecting the building from bad weather and other external negative factors.
• Such houses look beautiful, pleasant and safe to live in.

Despite all these advantages, there are also disadvantages.

• The building dries out for a very long time (from 2 to 5 years), it takes several years for it to shrink.
• Materials and finishing work are quite expensive.

If you have chosen another option, but do not know how to build a wooden house from a bar, it is necessary in this case to provide for all the pros and cons.

Timber house

• An ordinary rectangular beam, unlike a profiled one, it has joints (grooves and spikes), has an affordable price. Temporary and summer buildings are built from thin, houses designed for permanent residence are made of thick timber 200 X 200 mm.
• Advantages - ease of construction, naturalness.

Unfortunately, there are much more disadvantages - these are cracks and cracks during drying, additional thermal insulation work, complex finishing, drying of the material up to a year.

In order to have a complete picture, you should learn how to build a wooden frame house with your own hands.

• In this case, a frame is erected from a glued beam, which is then insulated.
• The advantage of this type of building is the quick assembly of finished parts and the reduced price.
• Among the disadvantages are the use of a truck crane and the difficulty in storing parts if the site is small.

You are still thinking about how to build a wooden house with your own hands - let's go through all the necessary steps.

If you have no idea how to do this, it's best to start with the simplest option.

Do-it-yourself log house

The first thing to remember is to choose larch, cedar or pine for your building.

Another important issue is the foundation. Usually, in cases of self-construction, a columnar foundation is used, but a screw version is also used.

In order to have a better idea of ​​how to make a log house at home, photos on some sites will definitely help with this.

Operating procedure

1. We prepare the beams (15 X15) and treat them with a special antiseptic.
2. We install the wreath, lay the beam "half a tree", fasten it with wooden dowels. To do this, we pre-make holes in the beams.
3. After laying the crown, the beam is also laid on the floor with a crown. A sealant is placed on the beams placed at the end, then a beam and again a sealant.
4. We must not forget that the floor board (40 mm) also depends on the step of the beams (0.7 m).
5. Another important point is that it is best to use a jute cloth as a sealant.
6. The first floor is built to a height of about 3 meters.
7. If you do not do the sheathing, you need to think in a timely manner about drainage with the help of chamfers.

The easiest way to build

If you are still tormented by the question of how to build a log house at home, you can use ready-made projects of wooden buildings. This situation has its merits.

• As a rule, assembly is carried out very quickly.
• You will invest a minimum of money in construction, doing only reconciliation of the markings of the bars.
• Since the logs are manufactured in standard sizes at the factory, the assembly is of high quality and without overlays.

Just like how to build a wooden house, photos and instructions on this subject can be found on many thematic sites.

And you can also fulfill the dream of your child, and maybe your long-standing childhood desire and equip a tree house.

magic house

For such a construction, you will need a tree with a thick trunk and powerful roots, optimally - oak.

The building should not be located high for safety reasons - one and a half meters, no more. To work, you will need the most simple tools and bolts.

Are you intrigued? If you want to learn how to build a tree house, a photo of such houses will give impetus to your imagination and will certainly inspire you to build.

How to build a wooden frame

Wooden frame has been used in Russia since time immemorial. And even in our time, despite the fact that new building materials have appeared, a wooden house is very popular. Such a house is considered environmentally friendly, and in terms of its strength it is not inferior to stone and brick houses.

For the construction of a log house, coniferous trees are the best suited.

It is quite possible to build a wooden house on your own if you know the installation technology and all the subtleties of assembly. To know how to assemble a log house, you need to make a house project, prepare the wood and choose the right type of foundation.

Log building technology

A log house is a construction of horizontally laid logs that form walls.

Each row of logs along the perimeter is called a crown. The bottom row is the crown.

The structure at the corners is formed by connecting logs with protruding ends. If the house is represented only by external walls, then it is called a four-wall, and if there is a partition inside, then it is a five-wall log house with a T-shaped connection of logs inside.

To build such a house, softwood or hardwood is needed. It is desirable that the trees are freshly cut and in winter. Such wood contains less moisture. For a log house, it is preferable to choose coniferous wood. The best option would be pine.

For the construction of a wooden log house, logs with a diameter of 25-26 cm are used. For areas with a warm climate, logs 22-23 cm in size are suitable. The material must be of high quality: without a wormhole and rot.

The construction of a log house consists of several stages:

1. Designing a house project. This stage includes the development of drawings, the choice of materials, the type of foundation and all the design features of the future structure.
2. Preparation for work. It includes the construction of the foundation, the preparation of logs.
3. The erection of the walls of the log house. This is, in fact, the main part of the construction.
4. Roof arrangement.
5. Wall finishing and interior finishing work.

To properly assemble a log house, you need to choose a technology. At the moment there are three of them: Russian, Canadian and Norwegian. The first two are based on the use of large rounded logs, and the Norwegian technology is based on logs hewn on both sides. These technologies are distinguished by a different approach to harvesting and stacking wood.

Any technology requires careful preparation of the material: calibration, grinding, selection of logs by diameter.

The following types of foundation are suitable for a wooden frame:

1. Columnar. Suitable for small houses. Their construction requires careful calculations.
2. Deep foundation. This is the most expensive foundation. It is used for the construction of bulky buildings with a basement and a garage.
3. Shallow. It is considered the most optimal for a wooden house. This base is suitable for any soil, and it is also reliable and economical.

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How to properly assemble a log house

The scheme of fastening logs.

First you need to remove the bark from the felled trees and cut logs of the same length, equal to the length of the walls plus 100 cm of allowance. If there are no identical long logs, then they can be obtained by splicing short ones using the “comb-groove” method. But the first crown of the log house must necessarily consist of a solid high-quality material. Logs intended for interior work must be cut on both sides.

There are two ways to collect:

• using wooden dowels;
• with nails.

The first method is preferable, since the contact area between the dowel and the logs is larger, which means that the structure will be securely fastened.

The dowels are connected in a checkerboard pattern, the distance between which should be no more than 2 m.

In the case of assembly with nails, it is necessary to correctly calculate the length of the nails. If the wall thickness is 100 mm, then the length of the nail must be at least 250 mm. The head of the nail is deeply recessed into the wood so that the material does not shrink.

When the foundation is dry, its surface is covered with a waterproofing material: roofing material. Next, you can lay the first crown of the thickest logs. For strength - transverse bars-laying. The lower crown and gaskets should be carefully covered with an antiseptic and tar.

The gaps between the lower salary and the foundation are closed with bricks and concrete mortar on a previously laid roofing material.

The connection of logs at the corners is most often carried out by the "cup" method or the "paw" method. The first method involves tying at the corners with an allowance of logs, and "in the paw" - without an allowance. The cup method is for round logs. Claw cutting is used for both round and hewn logs. But this method is more economical, as there is no excess wood left at the corners.

During assembly, it is necessary to control the evenness of the corners and the verticality of the walls.

The uppermost crown of the log house - Mauerlat, serves as a support for the roof. The upper crown is made of strong and high-quality logs.

Leave appropriate openings for doors and windows. But it is possible to cut these openings even after the construction of the log house. This method is preferred, since during the construction of the structure, a uniform load on the foundation is ensured. This means that the house will not warp.

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Wall finishing and interior work

After the construction of the log house, its walls should be caulked with moss, felt or tow. You can use artificial materials based on natural rubber. These materials hermetically close the gaps between the logs, due to which the walls acquire a monolithic waterproofing structure.

Caulk vertical surfaces begin from below with a hammer and caulk. This procedure should be done around the perimeter. This means that if you caulk individual walls, the structure may warp. When the processing of the outer walls is completed, they proceed to caulk the inner surfaces.

Next, the wood must be covered with antiseptic compounds. Treatment with fire-fighting substances is mandatory in those places where the stove, fireplace and in the chimney area will be installed. These procedures will significantly extend the life of the house.

Cutting in the "oblo" bowl down.

The final stage of the assembly of the log house will be its shelter with waterproofing materials. This procedure is carried out for six months, so that the house gives a natural shrinkage.

When the walls are ready, they proceed to the installation of the roof and interior decoration of the room.

Usually high-quality wood is sanded and simply varnished. To do this, you can use both a transparent and colored coating.

If you still want modern interior design, then the inner walls can be sheathed with wooden clapboard or drywall. But before that, you should take care of the installation of electrical wires. Electrical wires must be insulated: with copper conductors in metal tubes.

Wooden log cabins do not need additional insulation at all, so laying foam between the walls and the facing material is not needed. If necessary, mineral wool can be used for insulation.

The floors in the log house are made of boards, the thickness of which is 40 mm. They are tightly stacked to each other, fixed, polished and processed according to the example of walls. You can varnish the floor, you can lay a laminate.