Hot water distribution in an apartment building. Water supply of an apartment building
Water supply is very important for the normal functioning of many construction projects. Water supply system apartment building It is represented by a central water supply line, intra-house piping and piping for water supply to the apartment.
It is very difficult to establish water supply high-rise building with multiple users. Each apartment in the house should be considered as a separate object for providing water: pipes of different diameters represent a single structure with rather complex wiring. It is for this reason that it is considered very difficult to supply water to a multi-storey building.
The system is a complex pumping equipment with installed filters and metering devices, as well as with shut-off and control valves and apartment-by-apartment piping.
Mandatory in this scheme will be pressure regulators. The water that enters the apartments first goes through several stages of purification from mechanical impurities. Also very often carry out disinfection of water by means of chlorination.
Central water supply and plumbing
The most convenient for people who live in apartment buildings is the water supply from the central water supply. Such a system involves quality water under good pressure. Central water supply is carried out by means of a water supply system, which is available in all cities and villages. As a rule, water enters pumping stations from surface reservoirs, which are located far from sources of pollution.
System central water supply has three components:
- water intake facilities;
- cleaning stations;
- distribution network.
Water flows from the pumping station to a certain reservoir. There it goes through numerous stages of purification and only then enters the distribution network to supply water to the necessary facilities.
The water supply system functions normally if high-quality and correct piping is done. System pressure also plays a big role.
For a large number of users, the central water supply system may have a well, which is arranged using a special water intake tower. Best to use artesian well: water is drawn from a great depth, the water quality is high.
But this method of water intake is considered quite expensive. It is usually used to provide water to an apartment cottage.
Scheme and arrangement of the water supply system of an apartment building Water supply system with water tower
Such a system has several main elements: a caisson, a main water intake tank and a pumping station.
The principle of operation of the water tower
The caisson is a metal container, which is located at a depth of 2-2.5 m above the well itself. A pipe is mounted in it to bring water out of the well. A concrete ring caisson is considered less sealed, since it is often flooded by rising groundwater.
Through pumping station and the caisson water enters the storage tank. It has an automatic float valve. It turns on the pump when the water in such a container falls and does not reach a certain level.
The total pressure in the system is directly related to the volume storage capacity or tank. Even in case of shutdown electrical energy, water in the apartments will flow steadily. But until the moment when the water level in the tank drops and, accordingly, the pressure decreases.
Scheme of the device of the water tower Types of pipes that are used for water supply
Steel pipes
To date, steel pipes have practically ceased to be used. Over a fairly long period of time, such materials for plumbing have used up their resource. In addition, the price of steel pipes is quite high.
Mounting steel pipes is also expensive and takes a lot of effort and time. The disadvantage of such a system is that condensate is strongly collected on it, which can destroy the pipe material. Rust and scale will gradually form inside the steel pipe, which reduces the volume of the pipe. Thus, the throughput is also reduced.
Copper pipes
The main advantage of using copper pipes- service life, which reaches 50 years. Steel pipes are quite expensive, and not everyone can afford to buy them. The advantage of steel pipes is that they do not form rust. In addition, copper has antibacterial properties.
Copper pipe wiring Metal-plastic pipes
Metals are very popular these days. plastic pipes. They are quite practical and are considered reliable. Installation of a metal-plastic water supply system is very simple. All you need is a special tool. Pipes are joined with fittings. The pipe can withstand significant mechanical and physical stress.
Metal-plastic pipes
Apartment water supply schemes
The stability of the operation of all household equipment that is connected to the water supply directly depends on how well the installation of the water supply system is performed.
The water supply scheme must provide the apartment with water from central water supply to all necessary supply points. For some equipment, it will be necessary to ensure a constant pressure of water in the pipes. On the this moment plumbing for an apartment can be done in several ways: scheme serial connection, collector and mixed system.
The scheme of the consistent water supply of the apartment
The simplest and most practical way The water supply of the apartment is considered to be a serial connection scheme. This is affordable option for price and performance engineering communications. Such a scheme, as a rule, is found in the buildings of residential buildings.
According to this installation scheme main pipelines with hot and cold water produced in parallel. Each equipment in such a system is connected using tees. It is for this reason that very often the series connection scheme is also called a tee.
The serial scheme implies the presence of a common highway for a large number of users. From such a central pipe, wiring is also done using tees. The main pipe has a fairly large diameter and plays the role of an elongated collector.
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Consistent piping in the apartment Such a water supply system is currently considered not only common, but also the most ideal for use in ordinary apartment, which has one bathroom and no a large number of household appliances that work on the basis of water supply.
The sequential scheme has its advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:
- significant pipe savings;
- simplicity and ease of the project;
- reducing plumbing costs.
Disadvantages:
- Pressure drop at the end points of the water supply if several open appliances are used at the same time.
- The lack of the possibility of selective shutdown (in the event of a breakdown of one of the pipes, it will be necessary to completely turn off the apartment).
- Difficulty in locating a leak.
- Lack of free access to all distribution tees of the system.
- In the event of an accident, it will be necessary to break the finishing layer on the surface of the floor or wall.
The distribution of pipes in the apartment should be carried out only by highly qualified specialists. Only then the probability that the pipe will start to leak will be small, and the pressure in the system will be normal.
Collector scheme
Due to the fact that at the moment the apartment uses a large number of devices that operate from water supply, their work may be disturbed, since the pressure in common system is greatly reduced. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to choose a collector connection scheme.
Installation of such a water supply system is considered expensive and rather complicated. Initially, the pressure drop in the system is already excluded, and it is for this reason that all points of the plumbing equipment can be used at the same time.
This is due to the fact that each such point of water supply is laid separate pipe. It can be simply closed if necessary. The main pipe with this type of connection has no branches, which ensures the safety of using the water supply system. Also, the possibility of leaks will be greatly reduced, since the collector pipe runs parallel to the main water supply pipe and has only one connection with it.
Collector scheme of water supply of the apartment The advantages of such a system:
- due to the small number of connections - the reliability of the system;
- adjustment of the operation of a separate plumbing fixture;
- ease of maintenance and repair of the entire system;
- hidden installation of pipes that will not spoil the interior.
Sewerage in the apartment
Water supply and sewerage systems at home play an important role in ensuring the normal functioning of a person. Only specialists will be able to correctly calculate and carry out the installation of engineering structures of this type. The entire installation process must be carried out according to a previously developed scheme. Proper installation of sewer pipes will eliminate all possibilities of leakage and deformation of the sewage disposal. Often, the installation of sewer waste in an apartment is associated with turning off the water supply through the riser. Works are carried out quite quickly and very high quality.
Advice. If the sewer pipes in the apartment are being laid for the first time, then it would be better not to change the usual location of all plumbing fixtures.
It would be better to use the old scheme. At the same time, it is recommended to sketch out an approximate work plan on paper and clearly measure the distance between the sink, toilet bowl, bathtub and other equipment that runs on water supply. It will also be necessary to determine the location of the clamps and the central sewer pipe. A slope is considered mandatory when laying sewers. Do not forget about quality material in this process.
Before you lay or change the sewer in the apartment, it is necessary to assess the condition of the common sewer riser.
Sewerage and water supply risers in the apartment If the common sewer pipe does not have external signs corrosion, you can not change it. If replacement is necessary, then this must be done very carefully due to the fact that a damaged pipe can be very easily deformed, and then the entire riser will have to be completely changed.
It happens that sewer pipes in an apartment are laid for the purpose that appeared large quantity equipment that runs on water supply. For example, dishwasher or washing machine. Another option for laying sewers as an additional structure may be when it is necessary to connect additional plumbing equipment.
Scheme of the sewerage device in the apartment Necessary equipment for the installation of high-quality sewage:
- pipes;
- accessories;
- compositions for fixing and sealing;
- instruments;
- fitting;
- appliances.
When installing a new sewer riser, it will be necessary to take into account the fact that plastic pipes for draining water will not be able to withstand the compressive loads of a piece of cast-iron pipe that may be on top of the riser. It will be necessary to attach a special replaced fragment to such a pipe in order to ensure a tight and durable fixation of the junction of pipes made of different material. For the tightness of such connections, adapters-cuffs are used, which are made for such combinations (“cast iron-plastic”, “plastic-cast iron”).
Dismantling the sewer in the apartment
Replacing an old sewer pipe with a new one has many nuances that must be taken into account in this process. Initially, it is necessary to determine the most vulnerable places in the pipe to deformation. It is also required to disconnect all existing connections from the pipe and remove all debris. All this is necessary to ensure more convenient work.
Then, near the riser, the tap is turned off, which supplies water to the apartment. If the replacement is long, then it is best to completely disconnect the entire riser from the water supply. At the very last moment, you must carefully dismantle cast iron pipes sewerage. All this can be done with adjustable wrenches or other tools.
mount new pipe you need a complete set with a variety of adapters and couplings, since then it will not be possible to do it qualitatively. All connections must be coated with sealant to protect the riser from leakage.
Correct installation plastic sewer Advice. All fittings or cuffs must be clean. Silicone Grease should be designed specifically for connecting sewer pipes.
Hot water supply
Hot water supply in the apartment is a whole system of pipelines and variety of devices which are used for heating cold water and distributing hot consumers. In some cases, they are used special pipes in bathrooms or toilets for heating such rooms in the apartment. They have the additional function of dryers.
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Standard scheme domestic hot and cold water supply systems All delivery systems hot water can be divided according to several criteria:
- local hot water systems;
- centralized systems;
- open heating network;
- closed heating networks.
According to the radius of action, hot water supply systems are divided into local and central.
Local hot water systems
Local hot water supply systems are equipped for a group of small objects or one building. Water in this case is heated directly by the consumer. Water heating is carried out using gas or electric flow-type boilers.
Such systems require regular Maintenance and are used only if it is not possible to use a centralized hot water supply.
Local hot water system The advantage of local hot water supply systems:
- offline work;
- ease of repair;
- small heat losses.
Central hot water systems
Appearance central systems supply of hot water to the apartment is due to the elimination of district and local boiler houses, as well as heat supply systems. As for convenience, central hot water systems will be much more practical.
Scheme of the device for centralized hot water supply of an apartment building All this depends on the fact that there is no need to install appropriate equipment for heating cold water and additional wiring. Also, the system of such hot water supply has its drawbacks. Pipes need to be constantly maintained and repaired, but local utilities can rarely fulfill customer requests. There are also large drops in water pressure in the system and insufficient temperature, which cannot be said about local water supply systems.
To heat water and supply it to the consumer, centralized systems can use open or closed heating networks. Open heating networks provide for mixing network water already heated in special equipment. After that, the water is supplied to consumers. Closed heating networks provide for heating water through the surface. The heat carrier (superheated water or steam) and the heated water do not come into contact in any way.
Open heating networks are considered more rational, but the quality of the supplied water can significantly deteriorate in terms of temperature. Such systems are currently very rare to find.
closed circuit home heating and water supply Hot water supply in the apartment can be carried out in several ways:
- Heating water in the boiler room with subsequent supply to the consumer.
- Water heating is carried out in special points located in neighborhoods or districts.
- Water heating is carried out using special equipment, which is installed in the basement of a multi-storey building.
- Water is heated in the consumer's apartment.
Hot water supply can be circulating. In this case, the water is constantly moving through the pipes and provides not only the supply of hot water, but also heating. The water is constantly heated. There is also a dead-end hot water supply. In this case, the water is not used immediately and may simply cool down over time. It is for this reason that special containers are installed in the apartment to heat and maintain the temperature of the water.
With regard to savings, it will be rational to use individual systems ensure hot water apartments. For the centralized supply of hot water, the user must pay a monthly fee.
Diagram of a boiler device for heating water If it is possible to use a boiler to supply hot water to the apartment, then this will be the most economical option, as payment for water is made according to the cold water meter. The consumer provides himself with hot water.
Currently, hot water supply is an integral part of the life of most people on the planet. Without it, they can not do in any apartment and residential building. The arrangement of hot water supply is a difficult process, moreover, there are several types of system connection. In this article we will consider all hot water supply systems, calculation and types of water heaters.
Regardless of the type of hot water supply, a set of equipment is connected that is designed to heat water and distribute it to various water intake points. In this equipment, water is heated to the required temperature, after which, using a pump, it is supplied to the house and through the pipeline. Distinguish between open and closed hot water systems.
open system
An open DHW system is characterized by the presence of a coolant circulating in the system. Hot water comes directly from the centralized heating system. Tap water quality and heating equipment nothing different. As a result, it turns out that people use a coolant.
The open system is so named because hot water is supplied from open taps of the heating system. Scheme DHW multi-storey at home provides for the use open type. For private houses, this type is too costly.
You should be aware that the cost savings of an open system occur due to the fact that water heating devices are not needed to heat the liquid.
Features of open hot water supply
When installing an open hot water supply, it is necessary to take into account the principle of operation. Open DHW is of two types, depending on the type of circulation and transportation of the coolant to the radiators. There are open systems with natural circulation and with the use of pumping equipment for this purpose.
Natural circulation is carried out in this way: an open system eliminates the presence overpressure, therefore, at the highest point it corresponds to atmospheric, and at the lowest point it is slightly higher due to the hydrostatic action of the liquid column. Thanks to a small pressure, natural circulation coolant.
The principle of natural circulation is quite simple, thanks to different temperature coolant and accordingly different density and mass, cooled water with a low temperature and a larger mass displaces hot water with a smaller mass. This simply explains the existence of a gravity-flowing system, which is also called gravitational. The main advantage of such a system is absolute energy independence, if parallel heating boilers do not use electricity.
It is important to know! Gravity pipelines are made with a large slope and diameter.
If natural circulation is not possible, pumping equipment is used, which increases the flow rate of the coolant through the pipeline and reduces the heating time of the room. The circulation pump produces the movement of the coolant at a speed of 0.3 - 0.7 m / s.
Advantages and disadvantages of an open system
Open DHW is still relevant, primarily due to energy independence and other advantages:
- Ease of filling open DHW and venting. No need for control high pressure and bleed additional air, as the descent is carried out automatically when filling through an open expansion tank.
- Easy to recharge. Since you do not need to monitor the maximum pressure. It is also possible to add water to the tank even with a bucket.
- The system, regardless of leaks, functions properly, since the working pressure is not large and the presence of such malfunctions does not affect it.
Among the shortcomings, they note the need to control the water level in the tank and its constant replenishment. 
Closed DHW system
The closed system is based on this principle: cold drinking water from the central water supply and heating it in an additional heat exchanger. After heating, it is supplied to the water intake points.
The closed system means separate work coolant and hot water, it is also distinguished by the presence of a return and supply pipeline, which are used for the annular circulation of water. Such a system will provide normal pressure even when using the shower and sink at the same time. Among the advantages of the system, the simplicity of regulating the temperature of the hot liquid is also noted.
DHW can be circulating and dead-end. The dead-end system consists only of pipes supplying water, the method of connection of which is the same as in the first case.
advantage closed DHW is to reduce costs by providing a stable temperature. It is possible to install a heated towel rail. In a closed hot water supply, water heaters are needed, the types of which we will consider later. 
Types of water heaters
All water heaters are classified as follows:
- flow devices. These heaters heat water continuous mode leaving no margin. Since water has a high heat capacity, it requires an increased energy consumption to constantly heat it. In addition to this factor, the flow heater must be immediately put into working condition: when turned on, supply hot water, when turned off, stop heating. to traditional flow heaters carry a gas column.
- storage devices. They are characterized by slow heating of a certain volume of water, which often consumes 1 kW / h. Hot liquid is used as needed. Storage heaters work instantly after opening the tap, but the power is much less. Among the disadvantages of such devices are also noted big sizes The larger the volume, the larger the device.
Calculation and recycling of hot water
The calculation of hot water systems depends on such factors: the number of consumers, the approximate frequency of using a shower, the number of bathrooms with hot water, some specifications plumbing equipment, the required water temperature. Having considered all these indicators, it is possible to determine the required daily volume of hot water.
Recirculation of water in the hot water supply system provides a return flow of liquid from a distant point of water intake. It is necessary when the distance from the heater to the far water intake point is more than 3 meters. Recirculation is used with the help of a boiler, and if it is impossible to use it, it is started directly through the boiler.
The hot water supply system can be of two types, which are used depending on the specified parameters. AT open system a heating boiler is used, and in a closed one - a water heater. In some cases, it is necessary to additionally organize water recycling. Before installing and purchasing equipment, it is important to calculate hot water supply.
Provide hot water multi-storey building not easy, because in the DHW system there must be water under a certain pressure and at a certain temperature. This is the first. Second: the hot water supply of an apartment building is a long way of the water itself from the boiler house to consumers, in which there is a huge amount of various equipment, devices and appliances. In this case, the connection can be made according to two schemes: with upper or lower wiring.
Network diagrams
So, let's start with the question of how water enters our homes, I mean hot. It moves from the boiler house to the house, and is distilled by pumps installed as boiler equipment. Heated water moves through pipes called heating mains. They can be laid above or below ground. And they must be insulated to reduce heat loss the coolant itself.
Ring connection diagram
The pipe is brought to apartment buildings, from where the route is branched into smaller sections that supply the coolant to each building. A pipe of smaller diameter enters the basement of the house, where it is divided into sections that deliver water to each floor, and already on the floor to each apartment. It is clear that such an amount of water cannot be consumed. That is, all the water pumped into the hot water supply cannot be consumed, especially at night. Therefore, another route is being laid, which is called the return line. Through it, water moves from the apartments to the basement, and from there to the boiler room through a separately laid pipeline. True, it should be noted that all pipes (both return and supply) are laid along the same route.
That is, it turns out that the hot water itself inside the house moves along the ring. And she is constantly on the move. At the same time, the circulation of hot water in apartment building done from bottom to top and back. But in order for the temperature of the liquid itself to be constant on all floors (with a slight deviation), it is necessary to create conditions under which its speed is optimal, and it does not affect the decrease in the temperature itself.
It should be noted that today separate routes for hot water supply and for heating can approach apartment buildings. Or one pipe with a certain temperature (up to + 95C) will be supplied, which in the basement of the house will be divided into heating and hot water supply.
DHW wiring diagram
By the way, look at the photo above. A heat exchanger is installed in the basement of the house according to this scheme. That is, water from the route is not used in the hot water supply system. It only heats the cold water coming from water supply network. And the DHW system at home is a separate route, unrelated to the route from the boiler room.
The house network is circulating. And the water supply to the apartments is produced by a pump installed in it. This is by far the most modern scheme. Its positive feature is the ability to control temperature regime liquids. By the way, there are strict norms for the temperature of hot water in an apartment building. That is, it should not be lower than +65C, but not higher than +75C. In this case, small deviations in one direction or another are allowed, but not more than 3C. At night, deviations can be 5C.
Why is this temperature
There are two reasons.
- The higher the water temperature, the faster pathogenic bacteria die in it.
- But you have to take into account the fact that the high temperature in the DHW system is burns when in contact with water or metal parts of pipes or mixers. For example, at a temperature of +65C, a burn can be obtained in 2 seconds.
Water temperature
By the way, it should be noted that the water temperature in the heating system of an apartment building can be different, it all depends on various factors. But it should not exceed + 95C for two-pipe systems, and for single-pipe + 105C.
Attention! According to the legislation, it is determined that if the temperature of the water in the DHW system is 10 degrees below the norm, then the payment is also reduced by 10%. If it is with a temperature of +40 or +45C, then the payment is reduced to 30%.
That is, it turns out that the water supply system of an apartment building, meaning hot water supply, is an individual approach to payment, depending on the temperature of the coolant itself. True, as practice shows, few people know about this, therefore disputes usually never arise on this issue.
Dead End Schemes
There are also so-called dead-end schemes in the DHW system. That is, water enters consumers, where it cools down if it is not used. Therefore, in such systems there is a very large overrun of the coolant. Such wiring is used either in office premises or in small houses - no more than 4 floors. Although all this is already in the past.
The best option is circulation. And the simplest thing is to enter the pipe into the basement, and from there through the apartments through the riser, which runs through all floors. Each entrance has its own stand. Reaching the top floor, the riser makes a U-turn and, past all the apartments, descends into basement, through which it is output and connected to the return pipeline.
dead end scheme
Wiring in the apartment
So, consider the water supply scheme (HW) in the apartment. In principle, it is no different from cold water. And most often, hot water pipes are laid next to the cold water elements. True, there are some consumers who do not need hot water. For example, a toilet, washing machine or dishwasher. The last two themselves heat the water to the required temperature.
Wiring diagram for hot water and cold water pipes
The most important thing is that the distribution of water supply in the apartment (both hot water supply and cold water) is a certain norm for laying the pipes themselves. For example, if the pipes of two systems are laid one above the other, then the top one should be from hot water supply. If they are laid in a horizontal plane, then the right one should be from the DHW system. In this case, on one wall it may be in the depth of the strobe, and on the other, on the contrary, closer to the surface. In this case, the laying of the pipeline can be hidden (in strobes) or open, laid on the surface of walls or floors.
Conclusion on the topic
The seeming simplicity of hot water supply in apartment buildings is determined by the inhabitants by piping inside the apartments. It's actually quite a variety. various schemes, in which pipes are stretched for several kilometers, starting from the boiler room and ending with a mixer in the apartment. And, as practice shows, even in old houses today the hot water supply is being reconstructed for new improved technologies that provide hot water and reduce the loss of heat itself.
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Let's talk about the organization of a hot water supply system with recirculation. Thanks to this water supply scheme, hot water circulation is constantly maintained in the DHW circuit.
Benefits of DHW circulation and scope
Situations are quite widespread when in private houses the entire water treatment system is combined in one technical room farthest from the habitable zone. You can also often find projects of houses with several bathrooms, including on different floors. Such situations are characterized by a significant length of hot water pipelines, which promises residents some inconvenience.
For example, when opening a hot spot of water intake, it takes time, sometimes quite a lot, until the water, having passed through the channels and giving them part of its own heat, begins to flow from the tap at a nominal temperature. This not only causes certain inconveniences with each use of the bathroom, but also leads to excessive consumption of water, which serves as a strategic resource in many private construction projects.
The problem is solved by a recirculation unit that maintains a constant flow in the DHW system. Thanks to this, hot water comes from the tap immediately after opening, in addition, its temperature can be precisely adjusted regardless of the operating mode of the heating device.
Recirculation units can be equipped with those systems in which the storage heater, boiler is responsible for heating the water indirect heating or the second circuit of the boiler. When using flowing gas and electric heaters it is much more reasonable to move them closer to the draw-off points.
It should be noted that DHW recycling implies a completely different system topology. Therefore, the implementation of such an idea is possible only during the construction process, or at least overhaul. When trying to refine the existing plumbing complex in order to organize recycling, it is unlikely that it will be possible to get by with little bloodshed.
Pump assembly and piping
The layout of the recirculation unit may differ depending on the water heating and pumping equipment used. For example, the design of some indirect heating boilers provides for a third outlet from the upper third of the tank to connect the return recirculation pipe. If there is no such outlet, the return flow is connected through a tee to the cold water supply pipe.
An example of a piping scheme for an indirect heating boiler with DHW recirculation: 1 - heating boiler; 2 - boiler safety group with expansion tank; 3 - circulation pump of the DHW system; 4 - boiler safety group with expansion tank; 5 - consumers of hot water; 6 - heating radiators; 7 - indirect heating boiler; 8 - boiler circulation pump; nine - check valves; 10 - circulation pump of the heating system; 11 - coarse mesh filter
Taking as an example the standard electric water heater with two outlets, then a detachable connection with a union nut and a safety group for boilers are first installed on the cold water supply pipe. A tee is mounted below, on two free branches of which Ball Valves. One of them is intended for connection to the cold water main, the other for the return pipe of the recirculation loop.
re scheme DHW circulation with storage boiler: 1 - storage water heater; 2 - valve for air suction when draining the tank; 3 - security group; 4 - check valves; 5 - circulation pump; 6 - weekly-daily timer; 7 - hot water consumers
Thus, the supply of cold water to the system occurs only when the pressure drops from the opening of the water intake, in other cases, hot water circulates through a closed loop that includes the entire volume of the boiler.
This is main disadvantage water heaters, the design of which does not provide for their use in DHW systems with recycling. With such a connection scheme, the boiler will not, as expected, give 2/3 of its volume with invariably high temperature, because when fed, the entire volume of liquid will be evenly cooled.
As for the pump itself, for this purpose, leading manufacturers of sanitary equipment (Wilo, Grundfos) have developed a whole series of devices. Their main difference from standard circulation pumps- threaded sockets for connection of the same standard size, which is usually used in household systems water supply - for 1/2" or 1/4" thread.
Otherwise, such pumps are almost completely identical to the equipment used in heating systems with forced circulation of the coolant. From additional features performance adjustment, a daily/weekly timer and a thermostat may be available.
Piping system
The best material option for arranging a recirculation system is polyethylene pipes(PEX) with sliding press fittings. Yes, the installation of such systems requires the use of special expensive equipment, but it is quite possible to get by with a kit hand tool for crimping, rented. At the same time, in terms of moldings, the pipes themselves are much cheaper than polypropylene and metal-plastic ones, and their service life is incomparably higher.
In any case, the pipeline layout is quite simple. Its first part, which supplies water to sanitary equipment, is mounted in a continuous line from the heating unit in series to each draw-off point. On the last point the pipeline does not end in the circuit, it returns back to thermal node. This circumstance must be taken into account when considering various laying schemes in order to minimize the consumption of materials for organizing a loop.
Before laying, each individual segment of the pipeline is dressed in belt thermal insulation made of foamed polyethylene or rubber. Latest material more preferable for those sections of pipes that will subsequently be walled up. Thermal insulation should be placed close to the fittings, all joints between the shell must be glued with metallized tape.
Operation and modes of operation
In the summer, when there is no need for space heating, recirculation can simply be turned off by de-energizing the pump and turning off the tap for reverse side loops. True, for this, the forced circulation device must be placed according to the scheme after all points of water intake.
DHW recycling can be automated relatively easily. Even if the pump is not equipped with a built-in programmable timer, nothing prevents you from installing a separate control device and turning off the system at night or in the absence of the owners. If the housing is equipped with a home automation system, you can set up a recycling system based on Smart Home algorithms or a security alarm.published
If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to specialists and readers of our project.