Chemistry for children 10 years old. Let there be light

And get to know with them peace and miracles physical phenomena? Then we invite you to our "experimental laboratory", in which we will tell you how to create simple, but very interesting experiments for children.

Egg experiments

Egg with salt

The egg will sink to the bottom if you put it in a glass of plain water, but what happens if you add salt? The result is very interesting and can visually show interesting density facts.

You will need:

• Salt
• Tumbler.

Instruction:

1. Fill half the glass with water.

2. Add a lot of salt to the glass (about 6 tablespoons).

3. We interfere.

4. We carefully lower the egg into the water and observe what is happening.

Explanation

Salt water has a higher density than regular tap water. It is the salt that brings the egg to the surface. And if you add fresh salt water to the existing salt water, then the egg will gradually sink to the bottom.

Egg in a bottle

Did you know that a boiled whole egg can be easily bottled?

You will need:

• A bottle with a neck diameter smaller than the diameter of the egg
• Hard boiled egg
• Matches
• some paper
• Vegetable oil.

Instruction:

1. Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.

2. Now set fire to the paper (you can just have a few matches) and immediately throw it into the bottle.

3. Put an egg on the neck.

When the fire goes out, the egg will be inside the bottle.

Explanation

The fire provokes the heating of the air in the bottle, which comes out. After the fire goes out, the air in the bottle will begin to cool and contract. Therefore, a low pressure is formed in the bottle, and the external pressure pushes the egg into the bottle.

The balloon experiment

This experiment shows how rubber and orange peel interact with each other.

You will need:

• Balloon
• Orange.

Instruction:

1. Blow up the balloon.

2. Peel the orange, but don't throw away the orange peel.

3. Squeeze the orange peel over the balloon, after which it will burst.

Explanation.

Orange peel contains limonene. It is able to dissolve rubber, which is what happens to the ball.

candle experiment

An interesting experiment showing burning a candle in the distance.

You will need:

• regular candle
• Matches or lighter.

Instruction:

1. Light a candle.

2. Extinguish it after a few seconds.

3. Now bring the burning flame to the smoke coming from the candle. The candle will start burning again.

Explanation

The smoke rising from an extinguished candle contains paraffin, which quickly ignites. The burning vapors of paraffin reach the wick, and the candle begins to burn again.

Vinegar Soda

A balloon that inflates itself is a very interesting sight.

You will need:

• Bottle
• A glass of vinegar
• 4 teaspoons of soda
• Balloon.

Instruction:

1. Pour a glass of vinegar into the bottle.

2. Pour the soda into the bowl.

3. We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.

4. Slowly put the ball vertically, while pouring soda into a bottle of vinegar.

5. Watching the balloon inflate.

Explanation

When baking soda is added to vinegar, a process called soda quenching takes place. During this process carbon dioxide is released, which inflates our balloon.

invisible ink

Play with your child as a secret agent and create your invisible ink.

You will need:

• half a lemon
• A spoon
• A bowl
• Cotton swab
• White paper
• Lamp.

Instruction:

1. Squeeze some lemon juice into a bowl and add the same amount of water.

2. Dip a cotton swab into the mixture and write something on the white paper.

3. Wait for the juice to dry and become completely invisible.

4. When you're ready to read the secret message or show it to someone else, heat the paper by holding it close to a light bulb or fire.

Explanation

Lemon juice is an organic substance that oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluted lemon juice in water makes it hard to see on paper, and no one will know there's lemon juice in it until it's warmed up.

Other substances which work in the same way:

• Orange juice
• Milk
• onion juice
• Vinegar
• Wine.

How to make lava

You will need:

• Sunflower oil
• Juice or food coloring
• Transparent vessel (can be a glass)
• Any effervescent tablets.

Instruction:

1. First, pour the juice into a glass so that it fills about 70% of the volume of the container.

2. Fill the rest of the glass with sunflower oil.

3. Now we are waiting for the juice to separate from the sunflower oil.

4. We throw a pill into a glass and observe an effect similar to lava. When the tablet dissolves, you can throw another one.

Explanation

The oil separates from the water because it has a lower density. Dissolving in the juice, the tablet releases carbon dioxide, which captures parts of the juice and lifts it up. The gas is completely out of the glass when it reaches the top, and the juice particles fall back down.

The tablet hisses due to the fact that it contains citric acid and soda (sodium bicarbonate). Both of these ingredients react with water to form sodium citrate and carbon dioxide gas.

Ice experiment

At first glance, you might think that the ice cube, being on top, will eventually melt, due to which it should cause the water to spill, but is it really so?

You will need:

• Cup
• Ice cubes.

Instruction:

1. Fill up a glass warm water to the very edge.

2. Lower the ice cubes carefully.

3. Watch the water level carefully.

As the ice melts, the water level does not change at all.

Explanation

When water freezes, turning into ice, it expands, increasing its volume (which is why even heating pipes). Water from melted ice takes less space than the ice itself. So when the ice cube melts, the water level stays about the same.

How to make a parachute

find out about air resistance, making a small parachute.

You will need:

• Plastic bag or other lightweight material
• Scissors
• A small load (perhaps some figurine).

Instruction:

1. Cut out a large square from a plastic bag.

2. Now we cut the edges so that we get an octagon (eight identical sides).

3. Now we tie 8 pieces of thread to each corner.

4. Don't forget to make a small hole in the middle of the parachute.

5. Tie the other ends of the threads to a small load.

6. Use a chair or find a high point to launch the parachute and check how it flies. Remember that the parachute should fly as slowly as possible.

Explanation

When the parachute is released, the load pulls it down, but with the help of the lines, the parachute occupies a large area that resists the air, due to which the load slowly lowers. How more area surface of the parachute, the more this surface resists falling, and the slower the parachute will descend.

A small hole in the middle of the parachute allows air to flow through it slowly, rather than flopping the parachute to one side.

How to make a tornado

Find out, how to make a tornado in a bottle with this fun scientific experiment for children. The items used in the experiment are easy to find in everyday life. Made homemade mini tornado much safer than the tornado that is shown on television in the steppes of America.

Experiments at home are a great way to introduce children to the basics of physics and chemistry, and make it easier to understand complex abstract laws and terms through visual demonstration. Moreover, for their implementation it is not necessary to acquire expensive reagents or special equipment. After all, without hesitation, we conduct experiments every day at home - from adding slaked soda to the dough to connecting batteries to a flashlight. Read on to find out how easy, simple and safe it is to conduct interesting experiments.

Chemical experiments at home

Does the image of a professor with a glass flask and scorched eyebrows immediately appear in your head? Don't worry, our chemical experiments at home are completely safe, interesting and useful. Thanks to them, the child will easily remember what exo- and endothermic reactions are and what is the difference between them.

So, let's make hatching dinosaur eggs that can be successfully used as bath bombs.

For experience you need:

• small dinosaur figurines;
• baking soda;
• vegetable oil;
• lemon acid;
• food coloring or liquid watercolors.

The order of the experiment

1. Pour ½ cup baking soda into a small bowl and add about ¼ tsp. liquid paints (or dissolve 1-2 drops of food coloring in ¼ tsp of water), mix the baking soda with your fingers to get an even color.
2. Add 1 tbsp. l. citric acid. Mix dry ingredients thoroughly.
3. Add 1 tsp. vegetable oil.
4. You should end up with a crumbly dough that barely sticks together when pressed. If it does not want to stick together at all, then slowly add ¼ tsp. butter until you reach the desired consistency.
5. Now take a dinosaur figurine and cover it with dough in the shape of an egg. It will be very brittle at first, so it should be left overnight (minimum 10 hours) for it to harden.
6. Then you can start a fun experiment: fill the bathroom with water and drop an egg into it. It will hiss furiously as it dissolves into the water. It will be cold when touched, as it is an endothermic reaction between an acid and a base, absorbing heat from the environment.

Please note that the bathroom may become slippery due to the addition of oil.

Elephant Toothpaste

Experiments at home, the result of which can be felt and touched, are very popular with children. These include this fun project that ends big amount dense lush colored foam.

To carry it out you will need:

• goggles for a child;
• dry active yeast;
• warm water;
• hydrogen peroxide 6%;
• dishwashing detergent or liquid soap (not antibacterial);
• funnel;
• plastic sequins (necessarily non-metallic);
• food colorings;
• bottle 0.5 l (it is best to take a bottle with a wide bottom, for greater stability, but a regular plastic one will do).

The experiment itself is extremely simple:

1. 1 tsp dissolve dry yeast in 2 tbsp. l. warm water.
2. In a bottle placed in a sink or dish with high sides, pour ½ cup of hydrogen peroxide, a drop of dye, glitter and some dishwashing liquid (several pumps on the dispenser).
3. Insert a funnel and pour in the yeast. The reaction will start immediately, so act quickly.

The yeast acts as a catalyst and speeds up the release of hydrogen from the peroxide, and when the gas interacts with the soap, it creates a huge amount of foam. This is an exothermic reaction, with the release of heat, so if you touch the bottle after the "eruption" stops, it will be warm. Since the hydrogen immediately escapes, it remains simply lather with which you can play.

Physics experiments at home

Did you know that lemon can be used as a battery? True, very weak. Experiments at home with citrus fruits will demonstrate to children the operation of a battery and a closed electrical circuit.

For the experiment you will need:

• lemons - 4 pcs.;
• galvanized nails - 4 pcs.;
• small pieces of copper (you can take coins) - 4 pcs.;
• alligator clips with short wires (about 20 cm) - 5 pcs.;
• small light bulb or flashlight - 1 pc.

Let there be light

Here's how to do the experience:

1. Roll on a hard surface, then lightly squeeze the lemons to release the juice inside the skins.
2. Insert one galvanized nail and one piece of copper into each lemon. Line them up.
3. Connect one end of the wire to a galvanized nail and the other end to a piece of copper in another lemon. Repeat this step until all fruits are connected.
4. When you are done, you should be left with one 1 nail and 1 piece of copper that are not connected to anything. Prepare your light bulb, determine the polarity of the battery.
5. Connect the remaining piece of copper (plus) and nail (minus) to the plus and minus of the flashlight. Thus, a chain of connected lemons is a battery.
6. Turn on a light bulb that will work on the energy of fruits!

To repeat such experiments at home, potatoes, especially green ones, are also suitable.

How it works? Lemon acid, contained in a lemon, reacts with two different metals, which causes the ions to move in one direction, creating electricity. All chemical sources of electricity work on this principle.

Summer fun

You don't have to stay indoors to do some experiments. Some experiments are best done outdoors, and you don't have to clean anything up after they're done. These include interesting experiences at home with air bubbles, and not simple, but huge.

To make them you will need:

• 2 wooden sticks 50-100 cm long (depending on the age and height of the child);
• 2 metal screw-in ears;
• 1 metal washer;
• 3 m cotton cord;
• bucket with water;
• any detergent - for dishes, shampoo, liquid soap.

Here's how to conduct spectacular experiments for children at home:

1. Screw metal ears into the ends of the sticks.
2. Cut the cotton cord into two parts, 1 and 2 m long. You can not exactly adhere to these measurements, but it is important that the proportion between them is 1 to 2.
3. Put a washer on a long piece of rope so that it sags evenly in the center, and tie both ropes to the ears on the sticks, forming a loop.
4. Mix in a bucket of water a large number of detergent.
5. Gently dipping the loop on the sticks into the liquid, start blowing giant bubbles. To separate them from each other, carefully bring the ends of the two sticks together.

What is the scientific component of this experience? Explain to the children that bubbles are held together by surface tension, the attractive force that holds the molecules of any liquid together. Its action is manifested in the fact that spilled water collects in drops that tend to acquire a spherical shape, as the most compact of all that exists in nature, or that water, when poured, collects in cylindrical streams. At the bubble, a layer of liquid molecules is clamped on both sides by soap molecules, which increase its surface tension when distributed over the surface of the bubble, and prevent it from quickly evaporating. As long as the sticks are kept open, the water is held in the form of a cylinder; as soon as they are closed, it tends to a spherical shape.

Here are some experiments at home you can do with children.

The Ghostbusters remake is coming out very soon, and this is a great excuse to revisit an old movie and explore non-Newtonian fluids. One of the heroes of the film, the silly ghost Lizun, - good image for visualization. This is a character who loves to eat very much, and he also knows how to penetrate walls.

We will need:

• potato,
• tonic.

What do we do

Very finely (can be chopped in a food processor), cut the potatoes and pour hot water. After 10-15 minutes, drain the water through a sieve into a clean bowl and set aside. A sediment will appear at the bottom - starch. Drain the water, the starch will remain in the bowl. In principle, you will already get a non-Newtonian fluid. You can play with it and watch how it hardens under your hands, and becomes liquid by itself. You can also add food coloring for a vibrant color.

Now let's add some magic.

The starch needs to be dried (leave for a couple of days). And then add tonic to it and make a kind of dough that is easy to take in your hand. In the palms, it will retain its consistency, and if you stop and stop kneading it, it will begin to spread.

If you turn on the ultraviolet lamp, then you and your child will see how the dough begins to glow. This is due to quinine, which is contained in the tonic. It looks magical: a luminous substance that behaves as if it violates all the laws of physics.

2. Get superpowers

Comic book heroes are especially popular right now, so your child will love feeling like a powerful Magneto who can manipulate metals.

We will need:

• printer toner,
• magnet,
• vegetable oil.

What do we do

From the very beginning, get ready for the fact that after conducting this experiment you will need a lot of napkins or rags - it will be quite dirty.

Pour about 50 ml of toner into a small container to laser printers. Add two tablespoons of vegetable oil and mix very well. Done - you have a liquid in your hands that will react to the magnet.

You can attach a magnet to the container and watch how the liquid literally sticks to the wall, forming a funny "hedgehog". It will be even more interesting if you find a board on which it is not a pity to pour a little black mixture, and invite the child to use a magnet to control a drop of toner.

3. Turn milk into a cow

Encourage your child to make a liquid solid without resorting to freezing. This is a very simple and impressive experience, although you have to wait a couple of days to get the result. But what an effect!

We will need:

• Cup ,
• vinegar.

What do we do

Heat up a glass of milk microwave oven or on the stove. We don't boil. Then you need to add a tablespoon of vinegar to it. And now we start to interfere. Actively move the spoon in the glass to see how white clots appear. This is casein, a protein found in milk.

When there are a lot of clots, drain the mixture through a sieve. All that remains in the colander must be shaken, and then laid out on a paper towel and dried a little. Then start kneading the material with your hands. It will look like dough or clay. At this stage, you can add food coloring or glitter to make the white mass brighter and more interesting for the baby.

Invite the child to mold something from this material - a figurine of an animal (for example, a cow) or some other object. But you can just lay out the mass in plastic mold. Leave to dry for a day or two.

When the mass dries, you will have a figurine made of a very hard hypoallergenic material. Such "homemade plastic" was used until the 1930s. Jewelry, accessories, buttons were made from casein.

4. Manage snakes

Getting a vinegar and soda reaction is just about the most boring experience imaginable. "Volcanoes" and "pops" will not be of interest to modern children. But you can invite the child to become a “master of snakes” and show how acid and alkali still react.

We will need:

• packaging of jelly worms,
• soda,
• vinegar.

What do we do

We take two large transparent glasses. Pour water into one and pour soda. We mix. Open the package of jelly worms. It is better to cut each of them lengthwise, to make thinner. Then the experience will be more spectacular.

Thin worms should be put in a mixture of water and soda and mixed. Set aside for 5 minutes.

Pour vinegar into another glass. And now we add to this vessel the worms that have been in a glass of soda. Because of the soda, bubbles will be visible on their surface. So there is a reaction. The more worms you add to the glass, the more gas will be released. And after some time, the bubbles will raise the worms to the surface. Add more soda - the reaction will be more active and the worms themselves will begin to crawl out of the glass. Cool!

5. Make a hologram like in Star Wars

Of course, it is difficult to create a real hologram at home. But its likeness is quite real and not even very difficult. You will learn how to use the properties of light and turn 2D images into 3D images.

We will need:

• smartphone,
• cd box,
• stationery knife,
• Scotch,
• paper,
• pencil.

What do we do

Draw a trapezoid on paper. The drawing can be seen in the photo: the length of the lower side of the trapezoid is 6 cm, the upper side is 1 cm.

Carefully cut out a paper trapezoid and take out the CD box. We need a transparent part of it. Attach the pattern to the plastic and use a clerical knife to cut a trapezoid out of the plastic. Repeat three more times - we need four identical transparent elements.

Now they need to be glued together with adhesive tape so that it looks like a funnel or a truncated pyramid.

Take a smartphone and run one of the such videos. Place the plastic pyramid, narrow side down, in the center of the screen. Inside you will see a "hologram".

You can run a video with characters from " Star Wars' and, for example, recreate famous recording of Princess Leia, or admire own miniature BB-8.

6. Get away with it

Every child can build a sand castle on the seashore. How about building it under water? Along the way, you can learn the concept of "hydrophobic".

We will need:

• colored sand for aquariums (you can take regular sand, but it needs to be washed and dried),
• hydrophobic shoe spray.

What do we do

Carefully pour the sand onto a large plate or baking sheet. We apply a hydrophobic spray on it. We do this very carefully: spray, mix, repeat several times. The task is simple - to make sure that a protective layer envelops each grain of sand.

When the sand dries, collect it in a bottle or bag. Take a large container for water (for example, a jar with a wide mouth or an aquarium). Show your child how hydrophobic sand "works". If you pour it in a thin stream into water, it will sink to the bottom, but remain dry. This is easy to check: let the baby take some sand from the bottom of the container. As soon as the sand rises from the water, it will crumble in the palm of your hand.

7. Classify information better than James Bond

Write secret messages lemon juice - last century. There is another way to get invisible ink, which also allows you to learn a little more about the reaction of iodine and starch.

We will need:

• paper,
• brush.

What do we do

First we cook rice. Porridge can be eaten later, but we need a decoction - it has a lot of starch. Dip a brush into it and write a secret message on paper, such as "I know who ate all the cookies yesterday." Wait for the paper to dry. The starch letters will be invisible. To decipher the message, you need to moisten another brush or cotton swab in a solution of iodine and water and draw it over what is written. Due to the chemical reaction, blue letters will begin to appear on the paper. Voila!

Such a complex but interesting science as chemistry always causes an ambiguous reaction among schoolchildren. The children are interested in experiments, as a result of which substances are obtained bright colors, gases are released or precipitation occurs. And here complex equations chemical processes only a few of them like to write.

The Importance of Entertaining Experiences

According to modern federal standards in general education schools introduced Such a subject of the program as chemistry, also did not go unnoticed.

As part of the study of complex transformations of substances and solving practical problems, the young chemist hones his skills in practice. It is in the course of unusual experiments that the teacher forms an interest in the subject in his pupils. But in ordinary lessons, it is difficult for a teacher to find enough free time for non-standard experiments, and there is simply no time to conduct them for children.

To remedy this, additional elective and elective courses were invented. By the way, many children who are fond of chemistry in grades 8-9 become doctors, pharmacists, scientists in the future, because in such classes a young chemist gets the opportunity to independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions from them.

What courses are associated with entertaining chemistry experiments?

In the old days, chemistry for children was available only from the 8th grade. No special courses or extracurricular activities children were not offered a chemical orientation. In fact, there was simply no work with gifted children in chemistry, which had a negative impact on the attitude of schoolchildren to this discipline. The guys were afraid and did not understand complex chemical reactions, they made mistakes in writing ionic equations.

In connection with the reform modern system education has changed. Now in educational institutions offered in the lower grades. The children are happy to do the tasks that the teacher offers them, learn to draw conclusions.

Optional courses related to chemistry help high school students gain skills in working with laboratory equipment, and designed for junior schoolchildren contain vivid, demonstrative chemical experiments. For example, children study the properties of milk, get acquainted with those substances that are obtained when it is sour.

Experiments with water

Entertaining chemistry for children is interesting when, during the experiment, they see an unusual result: the release of gas, bright color, unusual sediment. A substance such as water is considered ideal for conducting a variety of entertaining chemical experiments for schoolchildren.

For example, chemistry for children of 7 years old may begin with an acquaintance with its properties. The teacher tells the children that most of our planet is covered with water. The teacher also informs the pupils that in a watermelon it is more than 90 percent, and in a person - about 65-70%. Having told schoolchildren about how important water is for humans, we can offer them some interesting experiments. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing the “magic” of water in order to intrigue schoolchildren.

By the way, in this case standard set chemistry for children does not involve any expensive equipment - it is quite possible to limit yourself to available devices and materials.

Experience "Ice Needle"

Let us give an example of such a simple and also time interesting experiment with water. This is a building of ice sculpture - "needles". For the experiment you will need:

• water;
• salt;
• ice cubes.

The duration of the experiment is 2 hours, so such an experiment cannot be carried out in a regular lesson. First you need to pour water into the ice mold, put in freezer. After 1-2 hours, after the water turns into ice, entertaining chemistry may continue. For the experience, you will need 40-50 ready-made ice cubes.

First, the children must arrange 18 cubes on the table in the form of a square, leaving an empty space in the center. Then, after sprinkling them with table salt, they are carefully applied to each other, thus gluing together.

Gradually, all the cubes are connected, and as a result, a thick and long “needle” of ice is obtained. To make it, 2 teaspoons are enough. table salt and 50 small pieces of ice.

It is possible, by tinting the water, to make the ice sculptures multi-colored. And as a result of such a simple experience, chemistry for children of 9 years old becomes an understandable and exciting science. You can experiment by gluing ice cubes in the form of a pyramid or rhombus.

Experiment "Tornado"

This experiment will not require special materials, reagents and tools. The guys will be able to make it in 10-15 minutes. For the experiment, stock up:

• a plastic transparent bottle with a cap;
• water;
• dishwashing detergent;
• sequins.

The bottle must be filled 2/3 with plain water. Then add 1-2 drops of dishwashing detergent to it. After 5-10 seconds, pour a couple of pinches of sparkles into the bottle. Tighten the cap tightly, turn the bottle upside down, holding the neck, and twist clockwise. Then we stop and look at the resulting vortex. Until the moment the "tornado" works, you will have to scroll the bottle 3-4 times.

Why does a "tornado" appear in an ordinary bottle?

When a child makes circular movements, a whirlwind similar to a tornado appears. The rotation of water around the center occurs due to the action of centrifugal force. The teacher tells the children about how terrible tornadoes are in nature.

Such an experience is absolutely safe, but after it, chemistry for children becomes a truly fabulous science. To make the experiment more vivid, you can use a coloring agent, for example, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

Experiment "Soap Bubbles"

Want to teach kids what fun chemistry is? Programs for children do not allow the teacher to pay due attention to experiments in the lessons, there is simply no time for this. So, let's do this optionally.

For elementary school students, this experiment will bring a lot positive emotions and you can do it in a few minutes. We will need:

• liquid soap;
• jar;
• water;
• thin wire.

In a jar, mix one part liquid soap with six parts of water. We bend the end of a small piece of wire in the form of a ring, lower it into the soap mixture, carefully pull it out and blow it out of the mold with a beautiful soap bubble of our own making.

Only wire that does not have a nylon layer is suitable for this experiment. Else blow out bubble kids can't.

To make it more interesting for the guys, you can add to soap solution food coloring. You can arrange soap competitions between schoolchildren, then chemistry for children will become a real holiday. The teacher thus introduces the children to the concept of solutions, solubility and explains the reasons for the appearance of bubbles.

Entertaining experience "Water from plants"

To begin with, the teacher explains how important water is for cells in living organisms. It is with the help of it that transportation takes place nutrients. The teacher notes that in case of insufficient amount of water in the body, all living things die.

For the experiment you will need:

• spirit lamp;
• test tubes;
• green leaves;
• test tube holder;
• copper sulfate (2);
• beaker.

This experiment will take 1.5-2 hours, but as a result, chemistry for children will be a manifestation of a miracle, a symbol of magic.

Green leaves are placed in a test tube, fixed in the holder. In the flame of an alcohol lamp, you need to heat the entire test tube 2-3 times, and then this is done only with the part where the green leaves are.

The glass should be placed so that gaseous substances, released in the test tube, fell into it. As soon as the heating is completed, to a drop of the liquid obtained inside the glass, add grains of white anhydrous copper sulfate. Gradually White color disappears, and copper sulfate becomes blue or blue.

This experience leads children to complete delight, because the color of substances changes before their eyes. At the end of the experiment, the teacher tells the children about such a property as hygroscopicity. It is due to its ability to absorb water vapor (moisture) that white copper sulfate changes its color to blue.

Experiment "Magic Wand"

This experiment is suitable for an introductory lesson in an elective course in chemistry. First, you need to make a star-shaped blank from it and soak it in a solution of phenolphthalein (indicator).

During the experiment itself attached to " magic wand"The star is first immersed in an alkali solution (for example, in a solution of sodium hydroxide). Children see how in a matter of seconds it changes color and a bright crimson color appears. Next, the colored form is placed in an acid solution (for the experiment, the use of a hydrochloric acid solution would be optimal ), and the crimson color disappears - the asterisk becomes colorless again.

If the experiment is carried out for kids, during the experiment the teacher tells a "chemical fairy tale". For example, the hero of a fairy tale can be an inquisitive mouse who wanted to know why there are so many bright colors in a magical land. For students in grades 8-9, the teacher introduces the concept of "indicator" and notes which indicators can determine the acidic environment, and which substances are needed to determine the alkaline environment of solutions.

The Genie in the Bottle Experience

This experiment is demonstrated by the teacher himself, using a special fume hood. The experience is based on the specific properties of concentrated nitric acid. Unlike many acids, concentrated nitric acid is able to enter into chemical interaction with metals located after hydrogen (with the exception of platinum, gold).

Pour it into a test tube and add a piece of copper wire. Under the hood, the test tube is heated, and the children observe the appearance of “red gin” vapors.

For students in grades 8-9, the teacher writes the equation of a chemical reaction, highlights the signs of its course (color change, the appearance of gas). This experience is not suitable for demonstration outside the walls of the school chemistry room. According to safety regulations, it involves the use of nitric oxide vapors (“brown gas”) are dangerous for children.

Home experiments

In order to warm up the interest of schoolchildren in chemistry, you can offer a home experiment. For example, to conduct an experiment on growing salt crystals.

The child should prepare a saturated solution of table salt. Then place a thin branch in it, and, as the water evaporates from the solution, salt crystals will “grow” on the branch.

The jar of solution must not be shaken or rotated. And when after 2 weeks the crystals grow, the stick must be very carefully removed from the solution and dried. And then, if desired, you can cover the product with a colorless varnish.

Conclusion

IN school curriculum there is no more interesting subject than chemistry. But in order for the children not to be afraid of this complex science, the teacher should devote sufficient time in his work to entertaining experiments and unusual experiments.

It is the practical skills that are formed in the course of such work that will help stimulate interest in the subject. And in the lower grades entertaining experiences are considered by the Federal State Educational Standards as an independent design and research activity.

Do you think that today's children spend more time playing on their phones than necessary? Worried about your child becoming addicted to gadgets? Believe me, almost all parents are faced with this. Children and adults cannot imagine life without digital technologies, what can you do. We live in such an era. Many modern children begin their first acquaintance with the world through sterile Computer techologies and virtual perception.

When your baby is busy with a smartphone, tablet or computer, it worries you less. The child is passionate, he does not run, does not make noise, does not annoy you. You can rest easy and go about your business. Really, great? Certainly, if you are going to raise a half-blind disabled person with mental disabilities.

Many experts compare digital addiction with alcohol and drugs. To prevent this, the editorial "So simple!" collected for you 9 simple and entertaining experiments especially for preschoolers.

Experiments for children at home

With the help of the usual tools at hand that everyone has in the house, your baby will learn how to conduct real scientific experiments. Imagine how delighted he will be when he sees chemical reactions and tricks of physics! He will like it much more than cartoons and video games.

rainbow milk

You will need

• fat milk
• plate
• food colorings
• liquid soap or detergent
• cotton buds

Working process

1. Pour milk into a bowl. Drop a few drops of food coloring in different colors.
2. Dip a cotton swab into the detergent and touch it to the surface of the milk.
3. Watch an amazing reaction: the milk will begin to move, overflow and play with colors.

Explanation

Colors come into motion due to the interaction of molecules detergent with milk molecules.

refractory ball

You will need

• 2 balls
• candle
• matches

Working process

1. Inflate the first balloon and hold it over the candle to demonstrate that the balloon bursts from fire.
2. Fill the second ball with water, tie it up and bring it back to the candle.
3. It turns out that the ball does not burst and calmly withstands the flame of a candle.

Explanation

The water in the balloon absorbs some of the heat from the candle and keeps the walls of the balloon from melting, so it doesn't burst.

lava lamp

You will need

• 1 liter of water
• 1 tsp salt
• food colorings
• vegetable oil
• jar

Working process

1. Fill the jar with water about a third of the volume and dissolve the food coloring in it.
2. Pour vegetable oil to the top of the jar. Observe that the oil does not mix with water, but remains on top.
3. Add 1 tsp. salt and watch the amazing reaction happen.

Explanation

Oil and water have different densities. Oil is lighter than water, so it's on top. The salt makes the oil heavier, so it sinks to the bottom. If you replace salt with any effervescent tablet, the effect will be simply enchanting!

Eruption

You will need

• tray
• plastic bottle
• plasticine or clay for modeling
• food coloring
• vinegar
• 2 tbsp. l. baking soda
• 1/4 st. vinegar
• 1/4 st. water

Working process

1. cut it plastic bottle in half.
2. Blind a plasticine or clay volcano around the bottle.
3. Pour in 1/4 tbsp. water, add food coloring, soda, pour in vinegar.
4. Watch the "volcanic eruption".

Explanation

Molecules of vinegar and soda enter into a chemical reaction, and active release begins carbon dioxide. Therefore, the mixture foams and is pushed out of the bottle. If you sculpt buildings, vegetation around the volcano, put figures of animals and people, then you get a real home “cataclysm”!

invisible ink

You will need

• milk or lemon juice
• brush or pen
• paper
• hot iron

Working process

1. Dip the brush in milk or lemon juice.
2. Write something on a piece of paper. Wait for the lettering to dry.
3. Heat up a sheet of paper with an iron and watch how the inscription appears.

Explanation

Milk and lemon juice are organic substances and are able to oxidize, that is, react with oxygen. When heated with an iron, this ink turns brown because it "burns" faster than paper. The same effect gives vinegar, orange and onion juice, honey. Even if the kid does not know how to write yet, he can draw a secret letter.

floating egg

You will need

• 2 chicken eggs
• 2 glasses of water
• 5 tsp salt

Working process

1. Gently lower the egg into the first glass of water. If it remains intact, it will sink to the bottom.
2. Pour into the second glass hot water and add 5 tsp. salt. Dissolve the salt, wait for the water to cool slightly, then dip the second egg.
3. Watch the second egg float on the surface instead of sinking to the bottom of the glass.

Explanation

The density of the egg is much more density water. But the saline solution is more dense than the egg, so it remains to float on the surface.

Rainbow at home

You will need

• deep transparent plate
• sheet of A4 paper
• mirror
• Lantern

Working process

1. Immerse a mirror on the bottom of a transparent plate. Pour water.
2. Point a flashlight at the mirror.
3. Catch the reflected light with a sheet of paper and observe a bright rainbow.

Explanation

The beam of light is not actually white, but consists of several colors. When the beam passes through the water, it is decomposed into its component parts in the form of a rainbow.

Walking on eggs

Working process

1. Cover the floor with garbage bags, put 2 egg trays on them. Make sure all eggs are turned with the pointed side up.
2. Invite the child to take a walk on the eggs. By placing his foot correctly, he will be able to walk on them without breaking a single one. Do not trust? Try it too!

Explanation

As you know, the egg shell is very strong, despite the fragility. With uniform stress, the pressure is distributed over the shell so that it is able to withstand even a large weight without cracking.

candle pump

You will need

• plate
• candle
• Cup
• food coloring

Working process

1. Dissolve food coloring in water.
2. Light a candle and put it on a plate.
3. Cover the candle with a glass. Watch how the water is drawn into the glass.

Explanation

A candle needs oxygen to burn. When it ran out inside the glass, the candle went out and the internal pressure decreased, and the pressure outside the glass forced the water inside.

It's so easy with the help of improvised means you can conduct exciting chemistry experiments for kids. Introduce your baby to productive and informative games that will develop his curiosity, craving for knowledge and interest in the outside world.

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