How to heat the basement correctly. Basement heating - an economic approach to solving the issue

Each element is very important. Based on this, it is important to make the correspondence of the parts of the system technically correct. On the open tab of the resource, we will try to select the necessary heating components for the cottage. The heating system of the cottage has different components. The heating structure includes, boiler fasteners, pressure increasing pumps, air vents, thermostatic batteries, manifolds, expansion tank, pipes, connection system.

Author Topic: calculation of heating in the basement (Read 2858 times)

Davydova Elena Ivanovna, IP (Perm)

IMHO, one should be guided by MDK 4 - 05.2004, approved. Gosstroy of Russia 08/12/2003 And if Management Company the basement will still be classified as a “heated basement”, then the calculation should be carried out according to clause 1.2 .:

“If there is a heated basement in the building, 40% of the volume of this basement must be added to the resulting volume of the heated building. The construction volume of the underground part of the building (basement, ground floor) is defined as the product of the horizontal sectional area of ​​the building at the level of its first floor by the height of the basement (ground floor).

Source: http://izhcommunal.ru/dir/nezhilye_pomeshhenija_v_podvale_otoplenie_obman/18-1-0-921

As a rule, at multi-storey buildings there is a basement. Initially, the task of the basement was to create a place where it was possible to place heating equipment and pipelines. Then basement began to be used for storing something technical, and then for storing vegetables, fruits, pickles, as in a cellar. AT recent times, due to the high cost of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises and their rent, basements began to be used for completely different purposes.

High-quality thermal insulation in the basement will ensure less heat loss.

The basement floor can often be seen converted into a shop, warehouse, office, and even a living space. If the BTI and technical supervision services do not have any questions and claims, then such conversions in the basements are quite acceptable, but they require heating.

Selecting a heating option

Only after that you have to choose which type of heating is most suitable. To measure the area of ​​​​the basement, as well as temperature fluctuations, you will need:

• roulette;
• pencil;
• note paper;
• thermometer;
• barometer.

Temperature and humidity readings should be recorded over several days to find out what works for you. After that, analyze the indicators that will show you what kind of humidity is in the basement, how much heat is required for heating. There is equipment that not only heats, but also dries the air, or vice versa, humidifies it. In addition, you will have to take into account the arrangement of the foundation of the room, repairs in the room, the presence of doors and windows.

It is also important how isolated the basement is from common communications. If there is a possibility of insertion into general heating, remember that there may be problems with payment calculations, since it is not always possible to calculate the correct numbers. However, there are options where individual heating for your particular basement is not suitable.

Gas or electricity?

It is recommended to use the mains voltage in the basement not higher than 42 V.

So, an important factor in determining which basement heating you choose will be the purpose of the room. If you plan to equip a living space in the basement, you will need full heatingso that it is warm even in the most terrible frosts. There will be relevant options steam heating, gas boiler, if the design provides for it. If the ventilation is broken at the basement, then first you need to finish it, plaster all the cracks, from where air can come from outside.

If you are planning an office plan or a store, you can opt for heating system on radiators that are powered by electrical network and are able to heat rooms with a fairly large area. Such heating in the basement will also dry the air, so it is ideal for rooms with high humidity. But with this choice of heating, you should pay attention to the power of the electrical network, where the radiator will be connected. If the office will be heated, where there are so many electrical appliances and electronics, such a voltage will not be able to withstand the network and it will be necessary to install optional equipment, which will incur certain costs in addition to paying for electricity.

If the humidity in the basement exceeds allowable norms, then in addition to heating, you should also worry about drying the air, since moisture destroys the basement as a whole and negatively affects the quality of the air you breathe. So on the basement floor it will turn out to equip comfortable conditions.

If you plan to store something in the basement, use it as a warehouse, and the relatively low temperature will not interfere with storage, you can use an ordinary battery, and installing it will not require any special changes in the heating design throughout the house.

Infrared heating is an alternative to boilers and batteries. This option has several advantages: short-term installation work, ease of installation of equipment. You can equip it quickly, conveniently, simply and efficiently.

In any case, when installing any kind of heating, consultation with certain responsible services is first necessary. You can only install a heater in the basement on your own, in all other cases you will need the help of specialists, professionals in their field. It is also better to entrust the calculations that will be associated with the installation of heating in the basement to professionals.

The issue of material for equipment is also important. From what material is it better to choose pipes that will be installed, what batteries are best to choose, or what type of radiator will be of better quality? All these are individual parameters for each specific basement, and only correct calculations and monitoring air and humidity.

Foreword

Basement heating is a labor-intensive process that allows you to make this area habitable.

Content

Basement heating is a labor-intensive process that allows you to make this area habitable. When you decide to implement such an idea, you immediately have a question - turn to a professional or do it yourself. If you do not understand anything about heating, insulation and have never held a screwdriver in your hands, then your verdict is unambiguous - you need help. But if you understand a little about all these issues, know how to handle the tool and want to realize your idea, then you can safely get to work.

So, if you decide to make heating in the basement yourself, then you will have to decide on the following questions:

• how to heat a basement;
• how to calculate basement heating;
• how much and what materials will be required;
• how to install the system.

All these questions are very important and the course of work depends on their solution. Therefore, first decide on the answers to these questions, and then get down to the main work.

How to heat a basement: heating options

The first question to be solved is how to heat the basement, that is, with what. There are two options - this is water and stove heating. The first provides for the presence of batteries and a boiler, and the second - only stoves or potbelly stoves.

Water heating

Do-it-yourself water heating is quite simple, so it is most often resorted to.

This type of heating can be implemented using electric or gas boiler. True, there is one big drawback here - heating occurs due to steam that rises, and, therefore, the most high temperatures fall on upper part basement. Thus, you heat the ceiling, instead of evenly distributing heat throughout the room. Therefore, water heating has a very low level of efficiency. But there is also great advantage is the presence hot water in system.

Furnace in the basement

You can put a stove or potbelly stove. This type of heating is more economical in terms of installation and operation, which is its main advantage. And you don’t have to clutter up the basement area with a large boiler.

The stove also provides enough heat for heating, the main thing is to correctly solve the issues with the implementation of the chimney, which is very often problematic, since you need to correctly calculate the length of the pipe so that there is good draft.

Each of these options is well suited for heating the basement of a private house, as it can serve as a separate heating for the basement or for the whole house as a whole. So, placing a stove or boiler in the basement, you can make a "fork" throughout the room.

Basement heating calculation

Heating is an important part of living space. If in the summer time heating is an inconspicuous and seemingly unnecessary detail, then in winter time everything changes drastically. So, with what help you have already decided to heat, now you need to calculate the heating of the basement.

If you opted for boiler heating, then you need to know the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe territory that you are going to heat. It can be the whole house or just the basement. But it is more expedient - the whole house. So, in order to calculate the power of the boiler, decide on the area that needs heating. After that, compare the indicators with the following diagram: with an area of ​​​​60-180 m2, the boiler power should be no more than 25 kW, from 200 to 300 m2, the boiler power - 25-35 kW, 300-600 m2 - 35-60 kW, 600-1200 m2 - 60-100 kW.

If you want to install a stove, then decide what kind of stove it will be - potbelly stove, stove long burning or brick oven. If bourgeois, then with 6-8 m2 you can get by with a simple model that you can make yourself. But at 40-60 m2, a potbelly stove assembled on its own will no longer be able to cope with the heating task assigned to it. Here you will need models of furnaces made in production.

Long-burning stoves are suitable for areas up to 210 m2, and the required power of such a stove for your basement can be calculated in the same way as the power of a water heating boiler. A simple brick oven is the simplest option, you do not need to calculate its power, although here you need not to miscalculate the length of the chimney and correctly implement the firebox.

Stove heating in the basement: the nuances

The furnace in the basement is the only the right decision for heating the entire house as a whole. The fact is that it is better to place the stove at the bottom of the room so that circulation warm air went right - from the bottom up. Otherwise, there is a sharp decrease in efficiency, and unnecessary costs appear. If the house does not have a basement, then the stove should be located on the first floor of the building. Also, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe furnace should be fenced off from the general space.

But there are some nuances here. The stove in the basement of the house is not just home heating, but an element of the system that needs attention. For example, with the usual brick oven the damper of the pipe must be closed at the moment when everything has burned out and no blue flames appear when the coals are stirred. This saves fuel by saving heat. If this is not done, then the heat that is given from smoldering coals will be “blown out” into the chimney. That is, the temperature in the furnace cannot heat the air entering the pipe. Therefore, it turns out that if you close the damper early, you can let smoke into the room, and if it’s too late, you can miss precious heat.

Underfloor heating in basement

Underfloor heating in the basement is no less important detail basement insulation. This is especially important when furnace heating when a cool “breeze” is pulled across the floor, which occurs (in particular in brick ovens) as a result of ventilation and chimney features. So, how to implement floor insulation in the basement?

It is best to use the following scheme:

First "layer": waterproofing;

Second layer: thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene or mineral wool;

Third layer: coupler;

Anti-drip waterproofing is designed to protect the floor from exposure ground water. For thermal insulation, it is best to use waterproof materials that can withstand heavy loads. Therefore, expanded polystyrene or mineral wool is best suited for these purposes. Laying waterproofing is only necessary if mineral wool was used for laying the previous layer. With expanded polystyrene, this material is not necessary. And the final stage of work will be a screed. It is best to implement a screed of the type " clay castle”, which will guarantee the necessary protection of your entire floor.

Basements in an apartment building have a variety of functions. It all depends on the quality of the structure and the location of the central communications, thanks to which water and heat are supplied to the apartments.

Most often, the basement is the property of the residents of this house, and can be equipped to organize shops or cafes. Recently, it has become popular to organize gyms in the basement, but for different kind measures need to be carefully and qualitatively thought out, since the air masses naturally do not circulate very well.

Gym in the basement of the house

Is different high humidity air, which can adversely affect human health. For this reason, a variety of fungal colonies and mold will appear on the walls of the room, which are quite difficult to get rid of.

Advantages and disadvantages of the basement

The main advantage of the basement in an apartment building is the concentration of all necessary communications for functional work. From the basement is carried out through ventilation ducts, which are located in each apartment.

Scheme of the ventilation device apartment building

There is also a central water supply pipe and heating pipes. As a rule, flow meters are installed on such pipes in order to control the total consumption of the whole house and each tenant individually. The basement houses and central sewerage to which all the apartments of the house are connected.

The basement can be used as a storage room, but this is only if a certain space is provided for such purposes. Previously, the basement was used as a bomb shelter. To date, there are still some cellars that have benches or places to rest.

The downside of the basement is the dampness and mustiness of the air due to poor ventilation and lack of natural light.

Advice. To effectively use the basement, it is necessary to provide high-quality ventilation and waterproofing.

Basement heating systems

Basement in a residential apartment building does not require separate system heating - it already has collector pipes. But if the basement is used not only for the preservation and placement of the main communication routes, but for the organization of a store or any other institution, then it is necessary to consider an additional heating system.

Scheme of the heating system in an apartment building

All cellars in apartment buildings old layouts were built of brick or concrete monolith. Brick itself is a cold building material, but if the room is well heated, then it can maintain a constant temperature for a very long time. temperature regime.

Brick enough durable material which is able to withstand temperature extremes and heavy weight. Considering that it shrinks almost every year, the pressure of the soil on the basement increases each time. It is for this reason that in most cases the thickness of the walls of such a brick room is at least 50-60 cm.

Advice. It is especially important to make quality cement mortar, with the help of which mutual bonding will be carried out building material. For this, special additives are used that give strength to the solution after it dries.

Since the walls are thick, in winter they will be able to maintain a constant temperature regime, but in summer it will be very problematic. In order to qualitatively think over the heating system of the basement, it is necessary to first insulate it brick walls to keep the heat out.

As a heat insulator, you can use:

• Styrofoam,
• polyurethane foam,
• mineral wool in mats,
• sobrizol and much more.

These materials have excellent technical specifications. They are very dense and will not let in moisture that comes out on inner surface walls due to temperature changes or as a result of freezing of the soil. They are quite easy to install with a special adhesive composition.

Advice. To qualitatively insulate the basement, brick walls must be plastered.

After that, it is carried out quality finish basement walls. You can choose the design method individually. It all depends on functionality basement and how it is used. In addition to brick basements, there are monolithic ones, which belong to the category of cold rooms. They can be insulated with similar materials.

Read also

Planning and land surveying

The heating system of any basement can be different. To date, hardly gas services can allow the use of gas boilers in the basement. This is due to the fact that there is no normal circulation of air masses, and, in the event of a gas leak, the whole house with all residents will be in danger.

It is for this reason that the electric heating system is chosen as the heating system for the basement of an apartment building, which is intensively used throughout the year. In winter, they can not be used, as pipes will function. central heating, but in the summer you can’t do without them.

In this video you can see how heating is supplied in apartment buildings from the basement

Types of heaters for basements

On the this moment there are on the market big choice heating electrical systems. Thanks to latest developments they don't use a large number of electrical energy but dry the air.

Advice. In order to feel comfortable in the basement, you can install a split system that will work in winter to cool the air (since the heating system works hard), the air masses will have high density, and in the summer - to heat and ventilate the basement.

UFO is also very popular, the principle of which is to heat not the air, but objects that are in the room.

Both a split system and new heaters can dry out the air in the basement to a large extent. But this will only be a plus, since the basement is quite high humidity air. But it will still be necessary to constantly humidify the air and ionize it. For these purposes, it is used special equipment, which normalizes the humidity of the air and saturates it with ions, it is not very expensive. For this reason, for the basement, such devices are very popular.

Heating the basement at the moment is not difficult. Before choosing a heating system, it is necessary to initially decide what exactly the basement of an apartment building will be used for. If the basement is intended for its main functions, then there is no need to think through an additional heating system.

Scheme of the device and wiring of heating pipes in the basement of an apartment building

If the basement is quite big size, then it will be possible to make an inset in central system heating and evenly distribute the pipes around the entire perimeter of the basement along with the batteries. Again, this method would be appropriate in order to provide heat in winter period, in the summer it is worth considering more effective methods.

Ventilation in the basement

Basement high-rise building serves as the main source ventilation system. Since each riser of any floor has a ventilation duct, which ensures the normal circulation of air masses in the apartment. Ventilation outlets in the apartment are in the kitchen and sanitary area.

Sometimes special hoods are placed on them, which help to draw out unpleasant odors. Also, the normal functioning of the ventilation ducts that come from the basement ensures the escape of gas in the event of a leak for a domestic reason. Therefore, the verification of such a system is very often carried out experienced professionals the corresponding service.

An example of a small ventilation duct in the basement

Ventilation ducts in the basement provide not only pull-out functions bad smell, which can form as a result of dampness or fungal diseases on the walls of the basement. They still largely provide such facilities. fresh air, which is also necessary for a longer period of operation. There are two types of ventilation in the basement: natural and artificial.

natural ventilation

Provides natural ventilation ventilation ducts, which go from the basement itself to the roof. And it is a wide pipe that goes around the riser and has holes that can be found in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet room.

Numerous holes that come to the surface of the soil in the wall of a multi-storey building are also natural ventilation. The amount largely depends on the size of the basement. Special metal or plastic pipes, which have covered ends on the surface of the earth in the form of special peaks.

Device diagram natural ventilation apartment building

Quite rarely there are basements that have windows. In most cases, they can be found in the basement of a multi-storey building, which is used as a store or any other institution. A separate entrance is being built for these establishments. open windows also serve as a source of ventilation, and the circulation of air masses is carried out efficiently and quickly.

Heating the basement of a private house is a time-consuming, but fully justifying process. After all, it allows you to make the basement residential. When you decide to start warming the basement, the first question that you will decide is whether to turn to professionals or do everything yourself. And, in the case when you are not familiar with heating systems, you do not know how to do it right necessary calculations- the decision will be unambiguous, the help of a specialist is needed. To date, there are already smart systems for wooden housesthat will help you deal with the issue of heating.

But if you are familiar with this work and you know how to work with the tool, you can start working on your own.

So, you have already made the decision to work on your own. Then you will first have to face the solution of such questions:

1. How to make heating in the basement;
2. How to correctly calculate basement heating;
3. What materials will be required for thermal insulation of pipes;

You also need to remember to install proper ventilation. Order this You can in Tyumen by visiting the official website.

Steam heating for basement or basement

It is quite simple to make exactly water heating, both throughout the house and only in the basement. That is why choose this type of space heating.

It is possible to organize heating of this type both with the help of a gas boiler and an electric one. Here, of course, you can not do without cons. Since the space is heated with steam, the highest temperatures will remain in the upper part of the room. And, of course, there are advantages: there will always be hot water in the system.

How to calculate the power of a heating boiler

Undoubtedly, heating is very important for a residential building. This summer it seems that heating the house is not such an important issue. But with the onset of cold weather, the issue becomes paramount. If the issue with the choice of heating system has already been resolved, then it is necessary to make a calculation for the basement heating system.

If you have chosen space heating with steam heating, you need to know the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room. In order to correctly calculate the power of the installed boiler, it is necessary to know the area of ​​\u200b\u200bheated premises. Having calculated the heated area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises, compare according to the following scheme:

1. At total area from 60 to 180 sq. m boiler power should be no more than 25 kW;
2. For areas up to 300 sq. m boiler power should be from 25 kW to 35 kW;
3. For areas up to 600 sq. m boiler power select 30-65 kW;
4. At large area heated premises, up to 1200 sq. m boiler power should be 60-100 kW.

Of course, it would be logical to connect the whole house to this heating system.

Having chosen the heating of the house and the basement, sooner or later you will face the question of thermal insulation of the heating pipes in the basement. There are many ways to insulate heating pipelines in the basement. Next, we will dwell in more detail on those options for insulating pipelines that you can implement with your own hands.

Use of mineral wool

If the pipes are made of plastic, then for their insulation it is worth using mineral wool or replacing it with glass wool. The material is sold in rolls and must be cut into small pieces. For thermal insulation, tightly wrap the pipes with them and secure with a nylon cord. Fasten the rope to the pipe and wind it in a spiral along the length of all pipes.

The second step consists of creating waterproofing protection pipes. For this purpose, take a ruberoid. Cut it into not too large pieces and wind it around the pipe over the insulation. Make overlaps not too large, up to 10 centimeters. Again, use the nylon rope, wrap it over the roofing material, in the same way as when fixing the insulation. Here, for additional fixation, you can also use tape.

Insulation of all pipes with polyurethane foam

The polyurethane foam halves are connected on the pipe, and the edges are wrapped with tape. Further, the parts must be placed with an overlap of more than 10 centimeters. Where the pieces of polyurethane foam are connected, be sure to wrap the tape. This insulation is equipped with an additional layer of foil, it becomes like a thermos. This method of pipe insulation can be safely used not only in the basement.

Insulation of pipes with polystyrene foam

Today, expanded polystyrene is the most affordable option. It is made for pipes with different diameters. It is very easy to make insulation from expanded polystyrene and the cost of it is relatively low. Install the insulation halves around the pipe and secure at the joints with tape. Repeat your steps until all pipes are insulated.

Video - Scheme of the heating system of a private house

There is a basement in almost every multi-apartment and private house. It is used by different purposes: lay pipelines and heating equipment, store agricultural products, rebuild into residential premises. often on basement floors shops and offices are located: rent here is cheaper.

Basement of a private house

However, if we are talking about the basement country house, then it usually stores fresh harvest and pickles, as well as unnecessary things. So that nothing deteriorates and does not rot, you need to take care of the basement heating system.

The choice of equipment largely depends on the location of the basement: for a summer residence and a garage, you need to select different variants. It is worth starting from how much thermal energy you need for heating. Along with the basement heating system, it is necessary to organize forced ventilation, since there are no windows in the underground for natural air exchange.

Storage of agricultural products

To organize the storage of potatoes, carrots, beets and other crops in the basements of a private house or garage, as a rule, additional heating no basement is required - usually there is enough neighborhood with living rooms upstairs. Low temperatures not terrible, but the main thing here is not to allow a minus.

If the underground freezes through, heating the basement of a private house is necessary, otherwise the products will freeze. It can be organized in several ways, the most justified is the connection of heat guns (fan heaters) or infrared heaters.

Bath, sauna, swimming pool

In rooms with high humidity, in addition to heating appliances dehumidifiers are required. Usually used for heating infrared heaters embedded in floors, walls and ceilings. To create an additional source of heat, you can lay a warm floor, preferably a tape one, it is more unpretentious and lasts a long time. Electric underfloor heating is expensive if you use it all the time, but for temporary heating this option will be the best, because. it is easy to install.

Isolated room

If an additional living space is organized in the basement of a private house, a stove or boiler can be used to heat it. It is reasonable to put the boiler not on one basement, but on the whole house, just lay an additional pipe in the underground with a coolant, for example, water, if used water heating.

Basement heating calculation: a 25 kW boiler is installed for heating 60-180 square meters. m area, 25-35 kW - 200-300 sq. m. For rooms up to 200 sq. m. m is also suitable for a long-burning stove. Underfloor heating can be used as additional heating.

In such a basement you can organize a billiard room, home theater, canteen, gym.