Begonia indoor care and reproduction. How to care for begonia

The evergreen amazingly beautiful begonia plant is loved by flower growers for its bright, beautiful, long-flowering inflorescences, bizarre leaves of various colors and unpretentiousness in care. When growing any of the types of begonias, care and reproduction will not take much time and effort.

Variety of species

The begonia family has about 900 species. Flowers grown at home are divided into the following groups: flowering and decorative foliage. The most popular of them include:

Begonia: home care, photo

All flowering species of this beautiful plant love rich lighting. But, since their leaves are tender, flowers cannot be placed on southern window sills with direct sunlight. Otherwise, the leaves may get burned.

Decorative leafy varieties do not need a lot of daylight. They can be grown on western, eastern and even northern windows. Therefore, so that the flower always has a beautiful appearance, you need to choose appropriate place for the begonia. The care and reproduction of an ornamental flower depends entirely on its variety.

Watering and humidity

Indoor begonia flower loves watering. However, it will not tolerate stagnant water and constantly waterlogged soil. Its fleshy stems may begin to rot. Watering a flower is carried out according to the following rules:

• summer in room conditions watered twice a week;
• in the open field, on a balcony or indoors with strong heat, the plant is moistened daily or every other day;
• with the onset of a dormant period (in October), the soil is moistened as it is poured;
• varieties that rest in winter are watered to a minimum;
• the frequency of watering increases again in the spring.

Begonias love moist air, but spraying them is not recommended. Spots appear on the leaves after contact with water. To create a suitable microclimate, a flower pot is placed in a tray filled with wet pebbles or moss. Evaporating water will increase the moisture level around the plant.

Top dressing and soil for begonias

Care and reproduction of the flower is quite simple. But do not forget about top dressing, which is necessary for growth and long flowering. For this, special fertilizers are used, which can be purchased at a flower shop. Top dressing is carried out during the vegetative period, which lasts from spring to autumn.

When replanting an overgrown plant or a freshly bought flower, special soil should be prepared for it. You can buy it in the store and prepare it from the following components:

• chernozem - 1 part;
• peat - 1 part;
• leaf ground- 2 parts.

The bottom of the pot is covered with drainage, the role of which is played by ordinary sand. Leafy earth is poured from top to the middle of the cache-pot, and then peat mixed with black soil.

Begonia transplant

The transplant time has definitely come if the roots of the plant stick out of the drainage hole. This procedure should be done in the spring, when flowering has not yet begun. The new pot should be three to four centimeters larger than the previous one. Before placing a bush in a new soil, it is necessary to examine its roots. To do this, they are carefully freed from the ground and placed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Disinfected roots are inspected and cut off their dead parts.

Reproduction of begonias at home

There are three fairly simple ways to propagate a flower:

• dividing the bush;
• stem;
• leaf cuttings.

They are engaged in cuttings in the spring summer period. For rooting, a part of the stem is cut off at least 7 cm long or a large healthy leaf. Rooting is carried out in soil consisting of peat and sand (3: 1). The soil is moistened, the stalk is covered from above with a glass jar or cellophane. The container is placed in a warm place. The plant should take root in one to two months. During this period, soil moisture should be maintained and the cuttings should be ventilated daily, removing cellophane from them.

Growing begonias from seeds

Tuberous varieties are propagated by seeds and tubers. Sowing is carried out from December to March. The seeds are slightly pressed into the soil, which consists of sand, peat and leafy soil. The seedling container is covered with a film on top. The first seedlings appear in 10-15 days. When 2-3 true leaves appear, young plants dive.

Begonias planted with seeds can bloom by mid-summer. Their formed tuber is placed in peat or sand in autumn, where they are stored all winter at a temperature of + 8- + 10C. With the onset of warm spring days, tubers can be planted in prepared pots.

Caring for tuberous begonia is as follows:

1. A pot with a half-deep tuber is placed in a dark, cool room.
2. For several weeks, the soil is moderately moistened.
3. After the shoots appear, the flower is put on a permanent bright place, and the tuber is completely covered with earth.

Growing and propagating begonias - possible difficulties

Florists, especially beginners, may have some difficulties in growing a plant. Some possible questions can be answered below.

Why do begonia leaves turn yellow?

Leaf yellowing can be caused by:

• lack of nutrients;
• lack or excess of moisture;
• pests in the soil.

If insects are wound up in the soil, then it is best to replace it with a new one. In this case, the roots should be treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Why does begonia dry?

Begonia leaves may dry for the following reasons:

1. Pests. If the leaves begin to dry and turn yellow, they must be carefully examined, especially from the underside. If pests are found, it is recommended to treat the flower with insecticidal preparations.
2. dry air. Tender leaves of begonias can suffer from dry indoor air. First of all, the tips of the leaves begin to dry on the plant. Most often, indoor plants suffer from dry air in winter, when heating radiators are turned on. An increase in air humidity will eliminate the drying of the foliage.
3. Drafts and cold air. Growing flowers in a draft and cold air from open windows can be another reason for dry leaves on a flower.
4. Lack of fertilizer. Begonias can dry out due to a lack of fertilizers in the soil, which must be applied regularly from spring to autumn.

Why do begonias drop buds?

On a weakened bush, the flowers do not have enough strength to open up. This may be due to a lack of minerals or improper watering.

Why does indoor begonia not bloom?

There can be many reasons for this:

• drafts;
• lack of a dormant period;
• watering with hard water;
• excess fertilizer;
• unsuitable temperature conditions;
• low humidity;
• lack of lighting.

Having studied all the rules for caring for a flower, you need to watch it. It is possible that the plant needs to be rejuvenated or transplanted into new soil.

Diseases and pests of begonias

1. fungus formation. This contributes low temperature air and moisture. Affected shoots and foliage must be removed. The remaining parts of the bush and the soil are treated with fungicides.
2. pale leaves say that the plant has little light.
3. powdery mildew loves dry air and temperature fluctuations. Its appearance is indicated by a white powdery coating on shoots or leaves. The bush must be treated with a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur.
4. If the leaves turn brown first, and then fall off, then, most likely, your pet does not have enough air humidity and watering.

Of pests begonias are most susceptible to attack by aphids and spider mites. They settle on reverse side sheet plates and feed on plant sap. You can get rid of pests with the help of insecticides.

The leaves of the flower are able to purify and heal the air in the room. This is possible due to the fact that they contain a lot of phytoncides. That is why begonia is effective in the fight against pathogens (staphylococcus aureus).

The flower purifies the air of toxic compounds and dust. It is able to enhance mental activity, relieve fatigue, increase efficiency, improve immunity. That is why indoor begonia in a pot can be seen not only in apartments, but also in offices.

Begonia: signs and superstitions for the home

This beautiful unpretentious flower in care has not only beneficial features, but is also a symbol of material well-being. It has a strong energy and is able to transform negative energy into positive. It is recommended to keep it in houses where they often swear, and pessimists also live.

The plant is useful for scientists, journalists, writers, as it contributes to the birth of new ideas. For those who have begonia growing in their homes, personal success will soon come.

Begonia is the flower of Aries, which is generously endowed with energy. It will help other signs too:

1. Scorpions, Cancers and Pisces will give harmony.
2. Libra, Gemini, Capricorn will help develop prudence.
3. Sagittarius and Leo will be able to balance their energy chaos.

The plant affects other signs of the Zodiac neutrally.

At proper care begonia will bring into your life bright colors colors. And with the help of decorative and deciduous varieties, you can create a beautiful green corner in the house.

If you are a beginner florist, then begonia will be the right choice for your home green corner. This plant is not only beautiful, but also unpretentious. Everyone can learn how to care for it, and it, in turn, will endow with its sunny appearance and refreshing aroma.

To properly care for begonias, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for planting, watering and finding her a cozy place in the house. If you take into account all the nuances, then the plant will delight you for about 4 years.

What conditions are needed for begonias

Indoor begonia grows in pots. They need to be located away from heating devices. Best of all, the plant feels in a corner specially designated for plants. The optimum air temperature for begonias is room temperature. If it is summer outside, then it should not exceed 20-22 degrees, if it is winter, then it should be below 15-16 degrees.

The air in the room should not be dry. Otherwise, it is better to turn on the humidifier. As for the lighting, it should not be too bright. Sunlight is necessary for every plant, but for begonias, its excess can harm. Moreover, protect the plant from direct rays, which will dry out the delicate leaves and petals.

IN different time year, the mode of watering begonias is different. If it doesn't need a lot of water in the winter and thrives in slightly damp soil, it should be watered more frequently in the summer. But, nevertheless, it is necessary to ensure that the soil is not too wet, otherwise the roots may rot.

The same applies to the flowering period of begonias. When the petals open, she needs more moisture than usual. But after the inflorescences fall, you can return to the previous drinking regimen.

It is impossible to say the exact amount of watering, it depends on air quality and time of year. Your plant will let you know when it feels comfortable and when it needs to be watered.

Pay attention to the quality of the water with which you are going to irrigate the begonia. Ordinary tap water will not work due to the high chlorine content. To reduce it, boil, pass water through a filter or let it stand.

Begonia should be watered no more than once a day and preferably at the same hour. In summer, this can be done every day, and in winter 2-3 times a week. To keep the plant comfortable, water warm water. Refrain from spraying the leaves, as they may change color.

Fertilizers for begonias

An important point in the care of room begonia is top dressing. It helps to prolong the life of the plant, more often delight us with its flowering, saves from pests and diseases. But fertilizer is no less important for young shoots grown at home.

To choose the right top dressing, you need to look for the inscription "for indoor plants", and also pay attention to the composition. It should contain magnesium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron. Avoid chlorine content. Today, gardening stores offer a wide range of fertilizers that meet all necessary requirements. In addition, there is special formulations designed specifically for this type of plant.

You should also pay attention to the time for which fertilizers are intended. Some are introduced during the period of budding, others in the second half of flowering. On average, begonias are fertilized once a month, but if necessary, you can do this more often, but with a less concentrated solution.

To plant begonia at home, you need to purchase the tubers of this plant. They are available at any store that sells gardening supplies. You will also need soil for indoor plants, fertilizer for tubers and several pots of different diameters.

The optimal tuber size is slightly larger matchbox, you can also ask for seedlings with a broken sprout, so the begonia will begin to delight you with its flowering much earlier.

Before planting, it is necessary to prepare a pot: pour expanded clay on the bottom, and then soil. The tuber should be placed on the ground with the flat side down, it is from there that the roots will appear. The other side is concave and uneven surface that the kidneys form. A purchased tuber should not be heavily sprinkled with earth, otherwise it may not sprout. It is especially important to leave the middle open so that the sprouts can easily make their way up.

The earth around the tuber should be moistened periodically, and the pot should be kept in a well-lit place at room temperature. When the sprout rises 5 cm from the ground, it should be half filled. A month later, the begonia will acquire the features of an "adult" plant, and may soon bloom.

The first flowers last for a long time - summer and almost all autumn, so you will have time to enjoy its unusual velvety petals. Also, begonia can be planted in the garden for the warm season, just pick up right sort and choose a place protected from direct sunlight.

Begonia has gained well-deserved popularity among gardeners. It is not whimsical in care and blooms throughout the warm period of the year and gives beauty and joy. Propagating begonias is also quite simple.

seed propagation
Growing begonias with seeds should begin in January. Seeds are poured onto the soil and covered with glass or film. It is worth irrigating them with a spray bottle and keeping them in the light, but not in the sun, and at room temperature.

After a month, the first sprouts will appear, they should be transplanted into a pot with a small diameter. For all the time that the begonia grows, it needs to be transplanted 3 times. By the end of August, the first flowers will appear that will delight you all autumn.

Begonia grown from seeds is prepared for wintering at the end of October. Dried and yellowed leaves must be removed from it and rearranged in a well-lit artificial light a place.

Reproduction by cuttings
To get begonia cuttings, it is necessary to plant tubers at the beginning of winter, which are called uterine. After about a month, the cuttings should be carefully disconnected, and the fusion sites should be disinfected.

After that, they need to be dried a little and planted in the soil. The roots of the cuttings will give about 3-4 weeks after planting, and then they can be distributed in separate pots. At the same time, new tubers are not formed, and such begonias should be cared for in the same way as seed begonias.

Reproduction by tubers
To get several begonias from one tuber, it is necessary to divide it into 2 or 3 parts so that 1-2 sprouts remain on one piece. After that, they are planted in the soil, lightly sprinkled with earth and periodically watered. A month later, roots form, and the sprouts increase by 3-5 cm. Now they can be planted in small pots, and after a while they can be moved to containers with a large diameter.

Before the start of winter tuberous begonia should be cut at a height of about 2 cm from ground level, pull out the roots and clean well. During the crescent, the tubers need to be dried, and then placed in a box and sprinkled with peat. So the begonia is stored in the cellar or refrigerator until the time of planting.

Begonia transplant

As the root system of the plant develops, the container in which it is planted must be changed. If you immediately place it in a large pot, then the part that is underground will begin to rot. Therefore, experts recommend replanting begonias at least once every two years.

Begonia transplant scheme:

• lay a newspaper on the table and place a plant pot next to it;
• take a knife and run it along the walls, disconnecting the ground from them;
• then turn the pot over the newspaper, carefully holding the begonia stem at the base;
• pull out the roots and shake them off the ground;
• lay the bottom of the new pot with expanded clay and cover with earth with a layer of 1 cm;
• place a begonia in it and gently sprinkle with soil, fixing the roots and part of the stem;
• press the ground a little, 2-3 cm should remain from the edges of the walls.

Begonia is stressed after transplantation, so provide it with comfortable conditions. The air temperature in the room should be at 22 degrees, the lighting is not too bright, and the air is humid. Do not immediately water the plant after transplantation, wait a few days until it "takes root" in a new place. For a couple of months, it should be watered no more than once every seven days.

If you decide to arrange a small botanical garden at home or just love houseplants, begonia must appear in your apartment. This plant does not need special care, but blooms very beautifully for a long time. It will bring coziness and summer mood to your home.

Video: the basics of successful begonia care

Homeland of one of the most popular indoor plants - begonias are the tropics and subtropics of South America. However, as an ornamental flower, it began to be grown only in the 18th century. All modern varieties and hybrids of this culture were derived from the first five varieties brought to Europe by English botanists. The plant was named begonia by the scientist Charles Plumier in honor of the French governor of the colony of Haiti, Michel Begon.

Varieties

At the moment, gardeners and indoor plant lovers breed only three main types of begonias: herbaceous, shrubby and semi-shrub. Tuberous flowers are commonly grown in lawns and flower beds. Begonia rhizome, shrub and semi-shrub is more often used as a decoration in city apartments. Some forms of this ornamental plant are valued for beautiful flowers, others - for spectacular leaves.

Care for begonias of all varieties is almost the same, with the exception of some nuances. In this article, we will talk in detail about how indoor, that is, rhizomatous leafy and shrubby forms of begonias are grown.

pot and soil

Begonia is grown at home, usually in rather small containers. The fact is that its roots do not tolerate the neighborhood of a large amount of wet land too well. They must occupy the space of the pot completely. In order for the plant to feel comfortable, it must be transplanted into a new container every year. bigger size(about 2 cm).

The soil for begonias should be nutritious leafy. You can mix it with sand and peat in a ratio of 1:1:3. Sometimes in pots under it ornamental plant pour and purchased soil. In this case, it is better to buy peat.

Where to place begonias

Most begonias are shade-loving plants. That is, they cannot be placed in direct sunlight, otherwise their leaves will be burned. Most often, begonia at home is grown on the windowsills of windows located on the north or east side. It is especially important to comply with this condition for rhizomatous varieties with beautiful leaves. Shrub and semi-shrub begonias also love partial shade. However, direct lighting usually does not cause too much harm to them. These varieties adapt very quickly to the sun.

An exception to this rule is the garden tuber begonia. It is usually planted on lawns broken into sunny areas. And she feels very good about it.

Reproduction methods

Seeds and petioles are what can propagate these flowers. Begonia, unfortunately, after a few years of cultivation loses its decorative effect. Therefore, old plants have to be replaced with new ones. And therefore, for those who wish to see this culture as a decoration of their apartment, it is necessary to familiarize themselves with the technologies of its breeding.

Begonia: propagation by seeds

This method, being rather complicated, is used very rarely for breeding begonias. However, if you wish, you can try to propagate this ornamental plant and so. In this case, the cultivation procedure is usually started in February. This begonia is propagated by seeds as follows:

1. Drainage is poured at the bottom of a large box with a layer of 2-3 cm. It is best to take not too large pebbles.
2. The leafy earth is sifted through a fine sieve and poured over the drainage also with a layer of 2-3 cm.
3. A layer of snow is laid on top of the ground.
4. Begonia seeds are sown on it. They are very small, and therefore the procedure should be carried out slowly, trying to distribute the planting material as evenly as possible over the surface of the snow.

Begonia does not tolerate dry air very well. Therefore, the box should be tightened before the seeds germinate. plastic wrap. After the plants hatch, this cover must be removed, and the box placed in a lighted, slightly shaded place.

For the first time, the picking of plants is carried out immediately after the first true leaf appears on them. At the same time they are planted in another box. Previously, leafy earth is poured into it with a small addition of peat and sand. Planting is carried out in such a way that both between rows and between individual plants there was a distance of about two centimeters.

As soon as the bushes become crowded in the box, a second pick is carried out. This time, a mixture is poured into the box, consisting of leafy soil, humus, peat and sand in a ratio of 4x1x1x1. The landing is carried out according to the 3x5 scheme.

Begonia from seeds will develop well only at a temperature of at least 20 degrees. Also, the soil in the boxes should be disinfected from time to time by watering with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (0.6%).

Reproduction by cuttings

Planting begonias can also be carried out using this technique. For propagation in this case, either young or slightly lignified cuttings are taken, on which there should be at least 2-4 buds. Under the lowest node, a very oblique cut is made. sharp knife. big leaves are removed from the cutting. Small ones are best left. Planting cuttings should be in pots one at a time. You can also take a large box. However, in this case, planting material should be placed only along its perimeter (near the edges). The fact is that the cuttings are well accepted only under the condition of free air circulation.

Leafy soil mixed with peat and sand is poured into pots or a box. A few days before planting, the soil should be thoroughly wetted. Do not water the soil before and after planting. The cuttings are carefully stuck into the ground and covered with a film on top, fixed on sticks of a suitable length.

For two weeks, the plants must be sprayed and ventilated daily, removing the coating for a while. After this period, the seedlings begin to accustom to room temperature. To do this, the film is removed every day for 2-3 hours. They do this for a week. Then the film is removed completely.

How to propagate by leaves

This method is also often used by indoor plant lovers. Produce propagation by leaves as follows:

• a large healthy leaf is removed from the mother plant and cut into 2 cm squares;
• the resulting planting material is planted vertically in a moistened mixture of leafy soil, sand and peat, or simply laid out on it;
• the box is covered with foil.

Begonia, whose leaves are easy to propagate, germinates in this case in about 2-3 weeks. From this moment on, the box needs to be ventilated. To do this, the film is first removed for 30 minutes a day. Further, the ventilation time is gradually increased. The plant should be fully adapted to room temperature within a week.

How to water properly

Of course, a lover of indoor plants should also know how to properly water these wonderful flowers. Begonia, like any other tropical plant, does not tolerate dry air at all. Therefore, it should be sprayed daily with a spray bottle. But this must be done in such a way that water does not fall on the leaves. Spraying is done around the plant, moistening the air. You can also place the begonia pot in a larger container. In this case, water is poured onto the bottom of the latter and stones are placed. Install the pot with the plant in such a way that its bottom does not touch the water.

Actually, watering begonias is done very rarely. This plant does not like too damp earth. With increased soil moisture, its roots begin to rot and the leaves turn yellow. Water before watering should be defended for a day at room temperature. Blooming begonia, as well as those forms that are valued for the beauty of the leaves, are watered in spring and summer in a day or a few. In winter, the number of waterings is reduced to once a week.

Immersion method

Sometimes this technique is also used to moisten the soil in a pot. Implementing it is completely easy. To do this, you need to take a container in volume larger than a flower pot. Water softened with peat is poured into it (1 kg per 10 liters). Next, the pot is lowered into the container for 20 minutes. As a result, water will penetrate into it through the drainage holes and moisten the soil. Then the begonia in the pot is placed on a pallet. As soon as the water drains from the drainage holes, it is drained.

Growing begonias: how to fertilize

For plant nutrition, a special mixture for begonias is usually used, which can be bought at a specialized store. If you can't find it, you can use any complex fertilizer for indoor flowers. In spring and summer, top dressing is usually done once a month. In late autumn and winter, plants do not fertilize. At this time, the flowers are at rest and top dressing can even harm them. The only exception is the ever-flowering begonia. Fertilize this variety should be all year round.

Diseases

Disease resistance is also what characterizes these showy, hardy flowers. Begonia, however, sometimes still causes problems in this regard for lovers of indoor plants. Most often it is affected by powdery mildew. In this case, on the stem and leaves of the plant, a white or gray coating. The fungus begins to suck out all the juices from the plant. As a result, the leaves curl up and gradually die off.

Plants are usually rid of powdery mildew with special purchased products - fungicides. They also treat other begonia diseases caused by fungi. Very popular and effective, for example, are drugs such as Topaz, Gold, Fundazim, etc. Before processing, the diseased plant must be isolated from others, as powdery mildew spreads very quickly. You also need to remove the entire plaque. Severely affected shoots and leaves are removed and burned. Actually, spraying is carried out according to the instructions for the selected preparation.

Pests

Also, begonias are sometimes affected by spider mites or aphids. In the first case, the plant can be treated with infusion of chamomile or tobacco with soap. Aphids are destroyed with drugs that have pyrethrum in their composition. You can also treat the plants with a weak infusion of garlic. To prepare it, 2-3 mashed garlic cloves are mixed with 2 tsp. oil and one teaspoon liquid soap. Then pour everything with warm water in an amount of 0.5 liters.

Most popular varieties

And finally, let's figure out what popular varieties of begonias exist on this moment and which one is best to choose.

Most often, lovers of indoor plants grow the following varieties:

1. Begonia ever flowering. This is one of the most beautiful forms, the main feature of which is a thick bare stem, reaching a height of up to 40 centimeters. The leaves, depending on the variety, of this begonia can be emerald green or bright green, and the flowers are white, pink, red or salmon. The peculiarities of this variety, among other things, include the fact that it blooms almost all year round.
2. Begonia coral. The branches of this form hang down very nicely. Its leaves are covered with spectacular white spots. Coral begonia blooms in spring. The flowers of this variety may have different shades red - from hot pink to maroon.
3. Royal begonia. This variety has a creeping stem and very beautiful variegated leaves.

Coral, ever-flowering and royal begonias are the most popular varieties. However, sometimes indoor plant lovers breed more exotic forms begonias. For example, tuberous varieties are grown mainly in gardens and yards. However, in a pot, they can look very good. The domestic tuberous begonia is valued, in contrast to the rhizome varieties, not for beautiful leaves. She earned popularity primarily for spectacular terry flowers.

As you can see, there are many varieties of begonia. And all of them, without exception, are distinguished by high decorative qualities. Considering that to look after any forms of this wonderful indoor flower and even propagating them is a simple matter, it is certainly worth using begonia to decorate an apartment.

Begonia is indoor plant, blooming not only in summer, but also in winter. She is completely herbaceous plant(up to 3 cm high), and tall, dense shrub. Decorative deciduous species have very beautiful, developed foliage, of various sizes and shades of green. The plant can have either one large or many small leaves. At the same time, their flowers are not expressive and small.

A characteristic feature is the asymmetry of the sheet, one side is always less than a second. Blooming types of begonias, on the contrary, have large, bright flowers with a range of various shades. warm color. In shape, they can be ordinary and terry, resembling roses. Thanks to various crossings, today a huge number of species of this beauty are known.

Types and varieties of begonias

- does not have a stem, and the leaves grow directly from the rhizome on long legs. Propagated by leaf division and cuttings. This type is used to decorate window sills and balconies (loggias). Among the most popular types are the following:

The leaves reach 30 cm in height (adult shoots), heart-shaped, asymmetrical, have an unusual, heterogeneous color, red, brown and green. Flowers are removed from this plant, they are small and their presence slows down the growth of leaves, and it is the leaves that are the main focus of this species.

Masonic or Mason's begonia on a light green heart-shaped leaf, a dark green pattern in the form of a five-fingered cross is drawn. It looks very unusual. The length of the leaves is about 15-20 cm.

metallica or metal begonia branching bushes of this species, reach one and a half meters in height. The stems are reddish, and the leaves (10-15 cm) are dark green with reddish veins and a metallic sheen. It grows all year round, but is more active in summer and spring.

– undersized plant with bright pink flowers, blooms late.

It has a pink stem and large sharp, finger-like, green with light veins, leaves. Reminds me of hogweed leaves.

- has a thick stem covered with red hairs. The leaves are large with serrated edges. The plant reaches a meter in height.

- a small plant in the form of a bush (20-25 cm). The leaves are small, dark green with light spots.

Leaves unusual shape with velvet surface. They are dark green almost black.

- has a cranked stem, somewhat reminiscent of a bamboo trunk. Reproduction occurs by cuttings, seeds and shoots (from the top). Such flowers are more suitable for home growing because they thrive best indoors. Some of the types:

It has a long flowering period, for which it gained its popularity. It has a glossy leaf surface, green or reddish tint. The flowers are small: white, red and pink tint. It can be propagated from seeds and grown both in the garden and at home. Indoor begonia can delight its owners with flowering almost all year round. Periodically, it is transplanted by cuttings (every three years), as over time it loses its attractiveness.

- a large plant with rich red inflorescences that grow in dense bunches. The leaves are smooth, glossy, oval in shape.

- a fairly large species, leaves 10-15 cm long, have white spots. The flowers are bright pink.

Differs from others, small, decorative leaves And small flowers hanging in the form of mushrooms. The flowers are bright red. Blooms from December to March.

– ideal decoration of personal plots, gardens and parks. It blooms from June to October, and in closed greenhouses ( winter gardens, greenhouses) and until the first frosts. He does not like drafts and strong winds, and is also afraid of direct sunlight.

It differs from other members of the family in the presence of a large tuberous rhizome, from which large translucent stems grow with heart-shaped leaves with a slightly fleecy surface. Inflorescences of various colors. You can find the following types:

It has curly flowers and well-branched, slightly inclined shoots. They are used in landscape design to decorate various hanging structures.

Ampel begonia has an advantage over others, in continuous flowering. She is hung in flower pots, from which they hang a large number of inflorescences tightly fitting stem 20-40 cm long. It can be white, crimson, orange, yellow, and sometimes two-tone.

The flowers are up to 25 cm in diameter.

Among garden and home begonias, there are species that are used only in indoor floriculture, for example, begonia elatior . The tuberous hybrid has rather fragile shoots of a reddish tint that need additional support. White, pink, orange, yellow, red and their various shades (usually two-tone), inflorescences (6-7 cm in diameter) bloom at any time of the year. Leaves with a glossy surface, rounded shape. The bush reaches 30-35 cm.

The height of the bush is about half a meter. Dark green leaves, wavy along the edges (7-10 cm). Flowers: white, pink and red.

A characteristic feature of this continuous flowering plant, is an delicate flower, having a wavy shape of petals, white with a pink border and a bright yellow core.

Begonia home care

The plant is quite photophilous, flowering species especially need light. But direct sunlight must be avoided, otherwise burns will appear on the leaves.

Therefore, they should be shaded on the street, and put on the eastern or western windows in the apartment, and in hot summer days hide deeper into the room, or protect windows with special paper or film. Rotate the pot from time to time, changing the direction of lighting the flower. Comfortable can be called a temperature of 20-24 ° C in summer and not lower than 15 ° C.

Watering begonias

Since the begonia is a tropical plant, it loves high humidity. You can not spray the leaves, otherwise they will begin to deteriorate (covered with brown spots). Therefore, if the plant lacks moisture (for example, in hot weather), put it in big pallet on a stand and pour water (so that it does not touch the bottom of the pot) and pour some expanded clay there. Evaporating, the water will provide the necessary moisture around the flower.

Watering requires abundant, settled water, but do not allow water to be retained in the pan. The irrigation regime is adjusted from the season, as soon as upper layer soil (1.5-2 cm) dries up - watered. In winter, watering is sharply reduced, and tuberous species that hibernate are not watered at all, but placed in peat.

Fertilizers for begonias

Top dressing is carried out 1-2 times a week during the period of active flowering. Fertilizers rich in nitrogen are used for deciduous begonias, as they improve leaf growth but slow flowering.

Begonia transplant at home

Transplantation is carried out as needed, for example, if the flower has become cramped in a pot, it can be moved to a more spacious one. A favorable time for transplantation is the beginning of spring.

The plant is taken out of the pot, carefully freed from the old earth (a huge mistake to move the flower to a new pot with the old earth and sprinkle with new). Care must be taken not to damage the roots and stems. To clean sand, you can use a light solution of potassium permanganate, lowering the roots there for a couple of minutes.

After that, they will become noticeable weak spots(if there are rots, then they should be cut off). The cleaned plant is placed in a new substrate. Watering after transplanting is frequent. The earth is not poured to the top, it is necessary to wait until the roots dry out, and then fill it up.

You should not expose only the transplanted begonia immediately to the sun (the flower needs time to adapt, about a month). In addition, the begonia is cut a little to form a new, fresh crown.

soil for begonias

The soil has no special requirements. It can be bought at flower shop or cook it yourself. A little sand is laid out at the bottom, then the pot is half filled with leafy soil and a mixture of peat and black soil (1: 1) is added.

If you properly prepare the soil, then the begonia will delight the eye with abundant bright growth and flowering, the colors will be saturated, the leaves will be juicy and healthy, and the trunk will be thick and strong.

Begonia tuberous storage in winter

As soon as the first frosts came, the harvesting of tuberous begonias for storage begins. For this, cut top part, leaving only 3-4 cm. It is dug out without clearing the roots from the ground, and folded into storage boxes.

When the tubers dry out, remove the remnants of the shoots and spread the ground around them with peat. Store in a dry, dark place at a temperature not lower than 10°C. As for forever flowering species, then the wintering period as such is not observed.

begonia leaf reproduction

When propagated by leaf cuttings, the strongest and most healthy leaf is selected and cut into several parts along the veins, so that each specimen has 2-3 veins. After that, they are laid out on the surface of wet sand, and covered with a film or plastic bag. Periodically it is necessary to spray the sand.

When young leaves appear, gradually accustom the plant to room air, open for 10-15 minutes and close again, increasing the interval every day.

Reproduction of begonias by stem cuttings

This method is suitable for any type of begonia with a stem. To do this, the best stalk 7-8 cm with 2-3 leaves is cut off, the lower ones must be removed, and the large upper ones should be cut in half. Cut point, process charcoal.

In the prepared pot, with a mixture of sand and soil for begonias (1: 1), stick the stalk into the previously made hole with a stick, deepening it to the leaves. Cover with cut plastic bottle. A month later, new leaves will appear. Gradually accustom the plant to air. It will start blooming in a couple of months.

Begonia reproduction by dividing the bush

Bush-growing begonias can be propagated using rhizomes. To do this, remove the plant from the ground, soak the roots a little in water, then carefully divide the rhizome into parts so that each has a bud or sprout.

Excess, dried leaves and inflorescences are removed, and the cut points are processed with charcoal. Plant in pots and water.

Begonia from seeds

Not the most popular method, since not all seeds germinate or turn out to be viable, but it is still used.

Seeds are sown in a pre-prepared substrate, without falling asleep on top of the ground, sprayed and covered with film or glass (periodically opening slightly to prevent waterlogging).

After thinning, wait until the sprouts get stronger and transplant into separate pots.

Reproduction of tuberous begonia

In autumn, the leaves on the begonias are cut off, the tubers are removed from the ground and cleaned from the ground and dried. In February-May, the tubers are cut into several parts (two, three), but so that roots and sprouts remain on each.

The cut side is sprinkled with charcoal and placed in peat (not deeply buried, a small part should be on the surface), making sure that it does not dry out. The temperature should not drop (10-12°C). The germination process is very slow, you need to be patient.

Among the variety of flowers on the windowsills, begonia looks like a real queen. A plant with beautiful abundant flowers about 200 years ago began to be grown in our area. But it was described much earlier - back in the 17th century. And this was done by a man, in whose honor the flower was later named - Michel Begon. Today, begonias are grown not only on window sills and in greenhouses. Some varieties of plants tolerate winters well and can be grown in gardens and outdoor beds.

Begonia belongs to the genus, which is considered one of the most numerous in the Begoniev family. In total, this genus includes approximately 1000 plants that grow in high mountain areas, as well as in tropical forests, and, as you know, they are characterized by high humidity.

Most plant species are found in South America. But there is this beautiful flower and in Sri Lanka, India, the Himalayas, in the western part of the African continent.

Begonias are characterized by heterosexual flowers, which differ in zygomorphism, that is, they have irregular shape. The perianth usually has a bright color.

The tuberous begonia has large flowers, sometimes reaching 15 cm, and ever-flowering - small (2-3 cm each). The fruit of begonias are capsules that crack at the seams and throw out very small orange-yellow seeds.

Today there is no single accepted classification of begonias. In the literature, plants are divided according to different qualities. So, some distinguish decorative-flowering species and varieties, as well as decorative-deciduous. Others divide begonias by roots. Accordingly, begonias are tuberous, rhizome, with superficial roots.

But you can select the most common types of plants living both in rooms and greenhouses, and in gardens. They, in turn, are also divided into different varieties.

Royal

The view originates from the eastern side of India. This plant is considered one of the most beautiful of its kind. Based on it, more than one decorative leafy variety and other hybrids were bred.

The royal begonia has thickened rhizomes, and its leaves are large, smooth or slightly pubescent. Their shape is heart-shaped, has jagged jagged edges, asymmetrical.

The contour of the leaves is decorated with a crimson stripe, or a red-violet, sometimes brown line. Some hybrids have almost black leaves with crimson spots. The flowers of the plant are inconspicuous, have a pink color.

This species includes such varieties: Silver Greenhart, Cartagena, Hallelujah, Evening Glow, etc.

ever blooming

A plant that has the form of a small bush that grows up to 60 cm. Its shoots are erect when young, when they reach maturity they become ampelous. The species is characterized by slightly pubescent margins. round leaves, about 6 cm in size.

The color of this species is not too diverse - dark, sometimes light green, there is a reddish tint.

Ever-flowering begonia is terry and simple. Her palette includes not so many shades - pink, red and white. Size - up to 2.5 cm, inflorescences do not differ long life, prone to rapid fading, but are immediately replaced by others. At quality care and lighting, this begonia can also bloom in winter.

Main varieties: Bicola, Carmen, Gustav Knaake, Orania.

Elatior

This type considered very bright, it can also be called abundantly blooming. These plants are hybrids. They have long gained considerable popularity and are favorites of flower growers.

It grows up to 40 cm in height. The stem is fleshy and thick. The leaves are heart-shaped, their edges are jagged, and the size is about 8 cm. From above, the leaves are glossy, smooth, bright green.

And their inner side is lighter, matte. Flowers appear on rather long peduncles, they are collected in inflorescences.

The most popular varieties: Louise, Rosa, Renaissance, Piccora.

How to grow Elatior begonia: video

Ampelnaya

This species is more often seen on balconies, beautiful terraces or in gardens. The shoots of the plant are drooping, they descend in cascades and have many flowers. This plant is planted in a flowerpot, as well as hanging pots or baskets.

The species is represented by varieties with double flowers, there are also densely double, semi-double varieties. The palette includes yellow, pink, red and other colors, as well as various combinations of them. Flowers come in different sizes.

Varieties that are often found: Roxanne, Gale, Katie, Christie.

Tuberous

This species is also quite popular, mostly due to the abundant and long flowering. The plant is a perennial, tuber-forming plant. Its flowers resemble camellias or roses. They come in pink, red, orange, purple and other shades. In terms of size, the species includes large to small flowers, they can be double and simple.

How to plant tuberous begonia: video

Indoor types of begonias are therefore favorites among flower growers because they are unpretentious. Begonia does not require any complex conditions. It is also quite resistant to diseases and pests.

Caring for this plant will not cause much trouble. But still, he must be literate, otherwise the plant will disappear.

If stick temperature regime, the rules of watering and lighting, then the begonia will be well-groomed, neat and will always be able to delight with its sophistication.

Most suitable for growing windows that face west or east. As for the temperature, +18 0 C is considered optimal, although begonia can tolerate air well and warmer, especially in the summer months.

Since the plant comes from the tropics, it loves moist air. But from spraying on begonia leaves, unaesthetic brown spots. Therefore, in winter period when the air dries out the heating, pots with this flower can be placed in pallets with wet claydite.

It is important to remember that decorative begonias do not tolerate crowding. This must be taken into account when placing flowerpots. The plant needs ventilation, although it absolutely does not tolerate drafts. From them it fades, sheds leaves and flowers.

Begonia should be watered moderately, but carefully monitor the soil. Much more important is not watering, but sufficient humidity. The plant requires more moisture in the summer heat. But it is necessary to ensure that water does not stagnate in the roots.

Settled water is best, but not cold - room temperature. Special attention you need to pay attention to tuberous species. They do not need to be watered in winter.

Fertilizers need to be applied periodically so that the begonia looks beautiful and healthy. Under the decorative-flowering species, it is necessary to make useful substances from the moment the buds appear. Further - 2 times in 30 days. You can use a complex substance for flowering plants.

When the ovary is formed, substances containing potassium and phosphorus can be added (“Flower”, “Ovary”). Concerning nitrogen fertilizers, then they are needed only for decorative deciduous species.

Begonia loves a lot of light, especially flowering species. But in the heat, it is worth shading the plant so that it does not get burned. But decorative leafy varieties prefer diffused light.

Most flowering types of begonias throw out flower stalks in the summer. Some continuously delight with their flowers - all year round. Tuberous sometimes bloom in autumn period, but such buds need to be cut off so that the plant does not deplete. If you add to the water for irrigation organic fertilizers, then the flowers will be more magnificent and more attractive.

In general, begonia does not need to be shaped. However, if for some reason the plant has lost its beautiful appearance, it can be cut off, leaving only 4-5 cm in height. After that, lateral buds will grow, new and more active growth will begin.

A begonia transplant is necessary if the flower needs a larger pot. This is not hard to guess: the roots begin to hang from the drain holes. But you need to transplant the flower correctly. This is done in early spring.

The land can be taken from the store or prepared from peat, leafy soil, black soil. Drainage can be made from simple sand. Immediately before transplanting, the plant is taken out, cleaned from the ground.

Then root system immersed in a solution of potassium permanganate. When the disinfection is over, you need to cut off the roots that have died.

Immediately after transplanting, the plant should be watered more often. Young begonias tolerate the transplant procedure quite easily. But mature ones have a lot of fragile leaves and can suffer. Therefore, after reaching the age of three, begonias are often divided into parts during transplantation.

How to plant ampelous begonia: video

reproduction

There are several ways to propagate begonias. This is the division of the bush, cuttings and propagation by the stem, as well as by seeds. Which method to choose often depends on the type of plant.

tubers

So, tuberous begonia can only propagate by seeds or tubers. This species is propagated as follows. In the spring, the tubers need to be removed and cut with a knife. Each particle must have at least one shoot or at least a bud, as well as its own roots. After processing the sections with crushed coal, the tubers can be planted in pots.

seeds

To propagate begonia seeds, they must be placed in a container with sand and earth. With moderate watering, you can get young plants, but you have to wait - this is a protracted long process. Seeds germinate in warmth and under good light, pots with them are covered with a film until germination.

You can dive begonia after the appearance of 3-4 leaves. After 50-60 days, plants can be planted in separate pots. By the way, already in the first year, a young begonia can bloom, provided there is good lighting.

cuttings

Very simple vegetative method propagation of begonias - cuttings. Cuttings are cut from the plant, they must have at least 3-4 leaves. All sections should be treated with charcoal.

Pots with cuttings should be placed in a place where there is a lot of light and heat, but there is no direct sunlight. It is important to ensure moderate watering, after the soil has dried out by 1-2 cm. Rooting is also carried out in water, where roots appear for about a month.

leaf

You can also propagate using begonia sheets. As a cutting, both the leaf itself and part of it are used.

• In the first case, the main veins are cut on the underside.
• With the same side, it is placed in moistened sand (pre-calcined), fixed.
• You can only moisten the soil with a pallet.
• Roots will begin to sprout from the incisions in about 2 months.

When new plants gain strength, begin to grow, they can be transplanted into a separate pot with ready-made soil mixture.

How to rejuvenate indoor flowers. Propagation of begonias by cuttings: video

The begonia in the room can be attacked spider mite, aphid. They feed on the juice from the cells of the plant, from which it loses its appearance, develops poorly.

A couple of treatments with Karbofos or Aktellik with an interval of 7-10 days will help to destroy aphids.

But you can overcome the tick with the help of drugs such as Derris, Decis.

If the flower is affected by nematodes, has lost its color, then it will have to be thrown away - unfortunately, it cannot be treated.

Begonia can get sick with gray rot, botrytis, powdery mildew. You can fight this with fungicides (Bordeaux liquid, Fundazol, etc.)

If the begonia has caught some kind of viral or bacterial disease, for example, bacterial wilt, tomato spotting, then it will not be possible to cure it - it will have to be destroyed.

If we deduce the rules for growing begonias in several points, we get the following list:

• Good lighting;
• Moderate watering, but high humidity;
• Warm room climate;
• Timely feeding;
• Quality transplant.

Compliance with all these rules will allow you to grow beautiful lush begonias at home. The plants will be healthy and can be propagated in the chosen way without problems. As you can see, there really is nothing difficult to care for. Begonias need a little attention and love.

Often people who grow begonias face such a problem: the buds fall off the plant. It is difficult to determine the exact cause of this condition. This behavior occurs due to various factors.

• where begonias just need to be fed.

To find out the probable cause, you need to find out the rules for caring for the plant and determine what you are doing wrong. Then it will be easier to figure everything out and correct the situation by returning the flower to its beauty.

The poor condition of the leaves most often occurs due to insufficient moisture. At what, it may not be watering, namely the humidity of the air.

• Begonia comes from the tropics, so it needs warm and saturated air.
• Another reason is the depletion of the earth in a pot. If you have not fed the plant for a long time, then perhaps it's time to do it.
• Also, sometimes pests start in the soil. They affect the roots of begonia, from which it begins to suffer and lose its beautiful appearance. In this case, you need to replace the soil by preparing a new substrate.
• By the way, when transplanting, it is imperative to rinse the roots and soak them in potassium permanganate dissolved in water. Otherwise, you can move the pests to a new place.

Not many people know that begonia is a flower that is not only very beautiful, but also useful.

Scientists conducted research and were able to prove that this plant has anti-allergic and antiseptic properties. Moreover, begonia helps to heal wounds and relieve spasms.

It is rich in useful substances, including oxalic acid, phytoncides, organic acids and tannins. The properties of begonias have also been proven to retract chemical substances.

In addition, the plant can retain dust on its leaves and humidify the air in the room where it lives. You can put begonias near monitors and other household appliances. And all because this beautiful flower able to reduce their electromagnetic radiation.

Use in medicinal purposes can be different parts of the plant. For example, juice helps to heal wounds and burns, ulcers, reduces pain in muscles and joints (as a compress), helps with a snake bite. But the defeat of the lungs and ulcers in the stomach are treated with an infusion of begonia juice on alcohol.

This is so beautiful and useful plant- domestic begonia.