organic fertilizers. Organic and mineral fertilizers for plants

The centuries-old practice of applying fertilizers has proven beneficial effect them on the ground, improvement palatability harvest and restoration in the soil of an environment favorable for plant growth. Many centuries ago, the only fertilizer was manure, which in our time is successfully used in the agricultural sector. But technology has stepped forward and now different kinds available in assortment. Consider the classification of fertilizers, recommendations for their use.

All fertilizers, according to differences in their origin, are divided into the following groups:

• mineral;
• organic.

Organic and mineral groups of fertilizers each have their own subgroups and are divided according to the composition of active substances.

All fertilizers can be divided into 2 groups - organic and mineral

Classification of mineral fertilizers, their application

Mineral fertilizers are products industrial production. Such fertilizers do not contain a carbon base and are chemical components of an inorganic nature. Fertilizers of this type contain mineral compounds: salts, acids, oxides and others.

Mineral fertilizers as a type are divided into:

• phosphoric;
• nitrogen;
• potassium;
• microfertilizers;
• complex fertilizers.

They assist in the assimilation of carbon dioxide by plants and in the movement of hydrocarbons, increase the resistance of crops to frost and drought. Common potash fertilizers were potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, potassium salt. Potassium sulphate does not contain magnesium, sodium, chlorine harmful to plants. Potassium chloride is added to the soil in the fall during digging. Potassium sulfate is ideal for fertilizing cucumbers. Potassium salt is an excellent top dressing for all varieties of berry crops; it is added to the soil before autumn plowing.

Potash fertilizers improve the quality and taste characteristics of horticultural crops

They are offered by the manufacturer in three subspecies: ammonia (in the form of ammonium sulfate), amide (), nitrate (ammonium nitrate). Nitrogen fertilizers are endowed with an excellent property - they quickly dissolve in liquids. Distinctive feature ammonium nitrate was its ability to favorably affect the soil that was not yet sufficiently warmed by the sun. Nitrogen fertilizers are able to quickly release the necessary amount of nitrogen for further crop germination and at the same time preserve beneficial features by interacting with oxygen in the air. Therefore, such fertilizers are applied to the soil at the end of winter or early spring.

Nitrogen fertilizers increase crop yields

Attention! With an increase in air temperature, amide nitrogen very quickly turns into ammonia.

Often used because of their favorable effect on the resistance of crops to drought and frost. Due to the low mobility of phosphorus, fertilizers are applied deep enough into the soil. Fertilizers of this group are divided into the following subgroups: water-soluble (superphosphate simple and double - for soils with a pronounced deficiency of phosphorus), semi-soluble (precipitate), sparingly soluble (phosphate rock - for the resistance of plants on acidic soils to negative changes). Semi-soluble and sparingly soluble phosphate fertilizers are practically insoluble in water, but can dissolve in weak acids. Related to this is their main use for the enrichment of acidic soils. Water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers can be applied to soils of any kind.

Phosphate fertilizers have a positive effect on the development and fruiting of plants

Advice. Water-soluble phosphate fertilizers do not need to be planted deep into the soil, and sometimes it is even harmful, as it can lead to a decrease in the absorption of fertilizer by plants.

Microfertilizers- this is the view mineral fertilizers containing essential micronutrients. Boron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, copper, and fertilizers containing iodine are widely used. The use of phosphorus, potash and nitrogen fertilizers, unfortunately, does not always desired result due to lack of soil chemical elements contained in living organisms in low concentrations and necessary for life support. Therefore, it is so important to replenish the reserves of microelements in the soil.

Complex fertilizers maintain soil fertility and strengthen plant immunity

Mineral complex fertilizers contain a list of useful components that maintain soil fertility and strengthen plant immunity. To increase fertility and improve palatability, the use of fertilizers of only one type is not enough. To do this, manufacturers offer to choose the optimal composition that will work as safely and efficiently as possible on a particular soil and for a particular type of plant. Complex mineral fertilizers are (equal parts of nitrogen and phosphorus), nitrophoska (sodium, phosphorus, potassium), ammophos (potassium, magnesium, phosphorus), diammophos (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, additional elements to feed the flora).

Classification of organic fertilizers, their application

Organic fertilizers are fertilizers that are obtained in the process of natural natural processing of organic matter. It is this type of fertilizer that contains a huge concentration nutrients.

- the most affordable and popular fertilizer organic origin. Efficiency tested for centuries. Solid and liquid excretions of livestock normalize the water regime of the soil and restore the lost fertility of the soil. Manure is diluted with water and fertilized plants during the growing season.

Compost is a source of beneficial trace elements for plants

- the result of the decomposition of organic debris (leaves, husks, fish bones, meat, etc.)

Advice. Prefabricated compost can be prepared at home using vegetable and potato tops, fallen leaves, weeds, weeded or mowed before the seeds ripen, and household organic garbage.

Humus is a decomposition product of manure. It has the highest concentration of organic substances useful for the soil and has the highest fertilizing properties and performance. Humus is a universal remedy and is used to fertilize all crops.

Poultry manure can be purchased in granules, it has a positive effect on crop yields

- bird waste. Suitable for any type of soil and has a colossal concentration of substances necessary for good yields. This type of fertilizer is more endowed with useful properties than animal manure. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce it into the soil in smaller quantities.

Peat- compressed and rotted remains of animals and plants, maximally saturated with nitrogen. Used for soil enrichment and plant fertilization. Peat is often used to make compotes or loosening material. Peat is introduced into the soil during spring digging.

Peat is best used in combination with other fertilizers, it enhances their effect on plants.

Mineral fertilizers are inorganic substances that are often used in agriculture to compensate for vitamin deficiencies and minerals in the soil. They are more accessible organic fertilizers, have an extensive spectrum of action, give an effective and fast result. Another name is tuki.

Farmers who are skeptical about chemical fertilizers prefer to treat their plots with organic analogues that contain a small amount of nutrients. Various crops, berries, vegetables and shrubs require wide range of elements for optimum growth and high yields. IN different soils ah, some of its elements may be missing:

• manganese and iron - in clay;
• copper - in peat;
• zinc - in marshy and sour;
• potassium, magnesium and nitrogen - in sandstones.

The lack of elements can manifest itself in a change in the color of the foliage, a change in the shape and size of the fruit. In such a case, it is necessary carry out top dressing. Mineral fertilizers can be single-component or combined. Useful elements contained in mineral salts help:

Vegetables and fruits can be harmful to humans only if the treatment scheme with mineral fertilizers when growing these plants has been violated. Tuks can easily be introduced into cold ground and work at low temperatures. Do not use too large doses of liquid fertilizers. In the remaining 15-20 days before harvest, stop any processing and top dressing to avoid poisoning of fruits, tubers and berries.

Growth bright colors, improved taste, high yield contribute to properly applied mineral fertilizers. Their types and characteristics differ depending on the composition of substances, concentration, types of treated plants.

Mineral-based fertilizers are used in large agricultural firms and in private summer cottages. There are several types of fertilizers and their classification consists of the following categories:

• unilateral (simple) - contain one substance in the composition, include nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus fertilizers;
• complex - consist of several substances that jointly affect plants and soil;
• microfertilizers - have a complex set of trace elements (calcium, manganese, molybdenum, iodine).

Nitrogen-based fertilizers have significant diffuse properties. They are easily soluble in water, can be used in liquid and solid form. Their introduction starts in spring, to useful material penetrated into the ground before intensive plant growth. For certain groups of substances, there are rules for processing and concentration.

Mineral fertilizers include ammonium nitrate containing 34.5% nitrogen. The main component is supplemented with substances such as chalk, phosphorus gypsum, phosphate rock and limestone. This fertilizer is not suitable for podzolic soils, a small set of cations that nitrify nitrogen reduces the usefulness of saltpeter.

Saltpeter is best suited for potatoes. It is effective and fast acting, purchased at a low price. Cultivated lands increase their yield by 40–60% already in the first year of application. Pests and diseases affect growing potatoes much less.

The rate of feeding with ammonium nitrate before sowing is 10–20 g / sq. m. For use in liquid form, it is diluted in a ratio of 50 g of the substance per 100 liters of water. The solution is enough to spray on 100 square meters. m area.

Saltpeter can act even on unheated soil, so it can be poured onto the snow. Top dressing will melt its way to the ground. It is used for fertilizer fruit bushes and grapes, in the last days March or early April. Such an early application makes it possible to eliminate nitrogen starvation in plants entering active vegetation. Organic fertilizers only work on warm earth, so the use of saltpeter is preferable.

Ammonium nitrate- explosive substance, therefore its sale is limited to private buyers. Do not allow the heating of the fat and its mixing with other components.

Sodium nitrate is a white substance in the form of granules, related to nitrate fertilizers. It is applicable to saline and acidic soils, not suitable for black soil. The substance is introduced at the rate of 30–35 g/sq. m. Sodium nitrate contains a small amount of nitrogen - 15–17%, so it is important to observe a certain feeding technique. It is distributed over the fallow until the beginning of the spring plowing of the soil. During this period, the necessary concentration of nitrogen is formed for young shoots, but the beneficial properties from interaction with air do not have time to disappear.

This nitrate cannot be used in greenhouses. With prolonged storage, saltpeter loses a significant proportion of its useful properties. Spring top dressing carried out for beds with light soil, in a row way. Heavy loamy soil is best fertilized in the fall.

Amide fats include nitrogen carbamide or urea. It contains a lot of concentrated nitrogen - 45%, when mixed with soil, release of ammonium carbonate. When distributed over the surface most of fertilizer will evaporate, turning into gaseous ammonia, so the fat must be deepened to the level of germination of the root system.

The use of urea is acceptable for closed and open ground. It is combined with many types of agricultural crops. In a liquid consistency, nitrogen dissolves in water and interacts better with the soil. Urea fertilizer rates:

• 20 g/sq. m for root feeding of beets and tomatoes;
• 5-12gsm m for root application and 50–60 g per 10 l of water when sprayed (3 l per 100 sq. m) for vegetables;
• 10 g/sq. m for root fertilizer of peas and cucumbers;
• 10-20gsm m when deepening, 20-30 g per 10 liters of water when irrigating shrubs and fruit trees(spraying is carried out after 5 days of flowering and repeated after 4 weeks).

Urea solution is incompatible with dolomite, superphosphate, lime and chalk. This fat copes well with a lack of nitrogen, is especially important for the ovary and formation of tomato fruits, improves their taste.

As a result of the general interaction of calcium carbide and a nitrogen atmosphere, calcium cyanide containing 19% nitrogen is obtained. The substance slowly decomposes with water, so fertilizer must be applied in the last days of March. The lime content makes calcium cyamide a good nutrient for podzolic soils. Release form - dry light powder. Oil oils help to improve the properties of the fat.

Calcium cyamide concentrate is used as a herbicide. It is a cheap industrial waste, it is necessary to interact with it in protective equipment.

Unilateral potash fertilizers

Includes 50% of the main item. It is used during autumn digging, in a ratio of 20–25 g/sq. m. Chlorine goes into deep soil layers and has practically no effect on plants.

This fertilizer is ideal for many cereal crops, beets, potatoes and barley. Useful Components have high density, the substance is acidic and dissolves well in water. For cereals and vegetable crops fertilizer is distributed in the amount of 2 q/ha. When planning the planting of sugar plants, the dose of fat is increased by 25–50%.

Ideal for replenishing the deficiency of this element in plants. It contains no impurities. Potassium sulphate has a good effect on the ovary and ripening of cucumber fruits. The potassium content in the fat is 46%. When digging into spring time the following composition norm is introduced - 25–30 g / sq. m, at root fertilizer- 10 g/sq. m.

Potassium salt is a dark red crystals, consisting of chlorides. The most common among agronomists is an outstanding variety of salt - sylvinite. This substance is applied under berry crops in spring (20 g per bush). In autumn, the fat is spread over the ground before plowing (150–200 g/sq. m).

Simple superphosphate is 20% phosphorus anhydride and is the best choice for any soil suffering from a lack of this element. Tuk is not flammable, so it is quite easy to store it. Fertilizer is used during the period of development and growth of plants, with good hydration soil.

Superphosphate renders big influence on the development of flowers, especially roses. After feeding, the stems thicken, color becomes bright, and flower stalks are denser. The element is introduced by the continuous method, at the rate of 0.5 q/ha.

Double superphosphate has a higher concentration of the main element (32–47%). It is economical to use due to the absence of useless components. Superphosphate is indispensable for flowers. Feeding roses in the fall helps them to successfully endure frosts.

Phosphorus flour - powder white color used for acidic soils, for cereals, vegetables and fruit crops. It increases the immune system of plants, helps fight diseases and pests, increases winter hardiness, and accelerates growth. The main element is 19% of the volume, 35% is calcium. Top dressing is applied in the ratio of 3–3.5 c/ha.

Combined mixtures contain many useful types of components that reanimate plants, support their growth, development and fruiting. This list combines compound and complete fertilizers mineral based.

Nitroammophoska consists of equal amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus, used for garden and soda plants. This top dressing shows itself well on chestnut, sod-podzolic, sierozem and chernozem soils. The best complex fertilizer for clay soil with slow diffusion in autumn. In sandy soil, fat is best applied in the spring.

Nitrophoska is a combination of superphosphate, potassium chloride, gypsum, ammophos, potassium nitrate, precipitate and ammonium chloride. It has the form of balls that dissolve well in water. Suitable for most crops, distributed in the spring, at the time of sowing and during the growing season.

Helps in the growth, fight against diseases of tomatoes and cucumbers. Equally effective in local and continuous application. A chlorine-free compound is used to fertilize potatoes.

Ammophos includes magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. It is suitable for open landings and is also used in greenhouses and greenhouses. The composition contains a rare and useful ingredient - sulfur. Sodium and chlorine in top dressing are absent. The granules are light and small, crumble well. Substances are evenly distributed over the granules. It is a universal fat, especially helps the growth of flowers (peonies, roses, phloxes).

Diammophos is a mixture of potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus. It is applicable to any soil and under any crops. Small pink beads, treated with anti-dust reagents, scatter well and evenly. Top dressing does not change the acidity of the soil.

Due to the fact that diammophos is not washed out of the soil, subsequent generations of plants continue to receive nutrients. The composition is suitable for any type of top dressing. It goes well with flowering tomatoes, helping them to better absorb trace elements and fight pests.

In the absence of copper, molybdenum, manganese, zinc or iron in the soil, microfertilizers are used. They contribute development of the root system, disease protection and growth acceleration. There is a classification of microfertilizers according to the main substance:

• complex - consist of several substances, protect against pests, increase yield ("Master", "Oracle", "Sizam");
• copper - applicable to wetlands (pyrite, blue vitriol);
• boric - promote the growth of young crops ( boric acid, borax);
• molybdenum - used for forest soil (molybdic acid ammonium).

The lack of certain substances is often reflected in appearance plants. The following signs may indicate a deficiency:

The preparations are applied in dissolved form by watering or mixed with the soil when digging. Some fertilizers cannot be mixed with each other:

• urea is incompatible with manure, lime, ammonium nitrate and simple superphosphate;
• used separately from chalk and dolomite;
• simple superphosphate must not be mixed with ammonium nitrate, lime and urea;
• potassium salt is not combined with chalk and dolomite.

It is better to purchase fertilizers based on minerals from trusted manufacturers. Well proven products firms "Fasco", "Agricola" and "Kemira".

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07.09.2017 3 908

Mineral fertilizers, their types and characteristics - what every summer resident needs to know!

Article content

Modern agriculture actively uses all the developments of the chemical industry to achieve good harvests. Fertilizers (litter, ash) were used by the first land farmers, and today there are various fertilizer compositions for fields, orchards and orchards of different soils and all kinds of climatic conditions.

In agriculture, simple and complex fertilizers are isolated. Simple ones contain 1 active element, and multi-component additives are called complex.

Complex additives are divided into:

1. By composition - double (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphorus), triple (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium).
2. According to the mixing method - complex, mixed and combined (complex mixed).

Complex fertilizers are liquid and solid fertilizers, including mineral complex. The main properties of complex fertilizers are distinguished:

• a chemical compound includes 2 or 3 elements;
• consists of identical granules and molecules;
• produced by processing the primary component or less complex fertilizers;
• have low or high hygroscopicity;
• well or poorly soluble in water.

Such fertilizers are, in fact, salts, in which the proportion of the content of elements depends on the needs of a particular plant and is regulated by mixing with simple fertilizers.

If potassium nitrate consists of 46% potassium, 13% nitrogen, then nitrogen or any phosphorus must be added to their composition.

The dose that must be applied to the soil for top dressing depends on the concentration of the main component. The more it is, the less it needs to be applied. When complex fertilizers are applied, the components are evenly distributed in the soil and reduce costs by 15%.

Types of complex fertilizers and their composition

Compound fertilizer usually includes 4 main components in different combinations: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium. And they differ in the ratio and type of bonds on which hygroscopicity and water solubility depend. Why is it necessary to use these components in the soil?

Nitrogen. This substance is important for the absorption of sunlight and energy through photosynthesis. Nitrogen is part of the chlorophyll involved in this process, as well as nitrogen is a constituent of lipoids, alkaloids and other substances important for plants. Nitrogen - for rapid growth.

Phosphorus. One of the 3 most needed by plants components. Phosphorus controls metabolic processes inside plants, is a source of energy for cells. This element is included in the structure of RNA and DNA, which are responsible for the transfer of genetic information. Thanks to phosphorus, the proper development of the plant, growth, fruiting occurs. The lack of phosphorus leads to the cessation of growth and development of the seed chambers - the plant does not bear fruit, changes color, shape, leaves begin to die. Acute shortage can even lead to the death of the roots, including those of trees, up to their fall.

Potassium. Organic composition The soil does not contain potassium, although it is necessary for the yield and endurance of plants, which is why it is used as a fertilizer. Increased resistance of plants to drought, low temperatures. Potassium affects the growth and formation of fruits. A lack of potassium leads to darkening of the leaves, lethargy and weakness of the buds and inflorescences. More than others, sunflower, buckwheat, beets, potatoes, wheat and other grains need fertilizers rich in potassium.

Magnesium. This element, like nitrogen, is included in the structure of chlorophyll and carries out the main organic processes of the plant. Magnesium also facilitates the absorption of phosphorus. Magnesium exercises carbohydrate metabolism in tubers, roots, seeds, fruits. With a lack of magnesium, wilting and dying off of unripe fruits can be observed.

The combination and use of the main components for soil in fertilizers:

• Ammophos. It consists of nitrogen with phosphorus, which are highly soluble in water, such are its properties. It is applied when sowing all types of crops and as top dressing for vegetable, field and other crops.
• Diammophos. Also contains nitrogen and phosphorus. It is used as ammophos, and in animal husbandry as a feed additive.
• Diammofoska. In addition to nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is also present. Shows good properties on all types of soils and crops.
• Magnesium ammonium phosphate. Magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus. The drug is poorly soluble in water. Applicable to all cultures, large doses are possible, harmless. Effective in sandy lands, for potatoes, root crops with abundant watering.
• Nitrofos or nitrophoska. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. Slightly soluble in water. Ineffective as an ordinary top dressing.
• Nitroammophos. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. It dissolves quite well. Valuable general purpose supplement.
• Sulfoammophos. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. The additive is actively used.
• Potassium nitrate. A popular nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Gives effective nourishment to plants. Found in natural form. It is applicable in vegetable growing and in cultivation of the cultures sensitive to the content of chlorine.
• ammonium metaphosphate. Also includes phosphorus, nitrogen. Entered as main efficient fertilizer for acidic soil.
• Carboamophos and carboamophoska. High saturation with nitrogen and phosphorus. Due to the gaseous combination of nitrogen, nitrogen loss is possible, therefore a quick turning into the soil is necessary.
• Superfoska. The combination of phosphorus and potassium. Can be a basic fertilizer.
• potassium metaphosphate. Phosphorus, potassium in it are highly soluble in the soil. Good ones physical characteristics and application.

For high yields and proper development, plants require air, light, heat, water, as well as nutrients. The creation of these conditions in the field or garden guarantees success in growing crops and high yield. The soil that accepts the seed of a plant cannot provide it with all the necessary substances in the right amount, so the use of fertilizers is necessary.

Compound Fertilizers Solve the Reciprocity Problem various elements, increase the useful properties of the components, reduce consumption and labor costs for tillage.

Owners of vegetable gardens and summer cottages, who grow vegetables and fruits, use a variety of methods to obtain a rich harvest. And one of the most effective methods is the use of mineral fertilizers to enrich the soil and feed plants.

Article outline

Types of fertilizers

Fertilizers are of two main types:

• organic- these are useful substances, which are obtained as a result of the decomposition of animal and vegetable products.
• mineral fertilizers have an inorganic nature of origin and their composition does not have a carbon skeleton.

In this article, we will consider mineral fertilizers.

Mineral fertilizers are divided into two types:

• Simple - consist of one component.
• Complex - consist of two or more components.

The application of fertilizers in the complex is much more efficient, due to the fact that the soil comes with different acidity and the presence of various substances useful for growth, and it is very difficult to find out exactly what is missing.

The main types of simple mineral fertilizers:

Almost all of these types of fertilizers will be discussed in this article, except for microfertilizers - we have already considered them here.

1. Ammonium form, contains ammonium ions. This is an acidic fertilizer, which must be diluted with lime before use (for deoxidation). It is poorly soluble, so it is recommended to use it as a top dressing from autumn.
2. Nitrate fertilizers- This is sodium. It contains nitrogen in the form of an acid, due to which it is easily soluble in water. This form of fertilizer is alkaline and is recommended for use in acidic soils. Saltpeter can be used both in spring and in autumn or summer as a top dressing, but in small doses, otherwise in case of an overdose of saltpeter, nitrates accumulate in the fruits, which are harmful to the body.
3. Ammonium nitrate form, the nitrogen content in it is about 30 percent, the fertilizer is acidic, well soluble. It is quickly absorbed by vegetation. Ammonium nitrate can act even on unheated soil. Scattering it over the snow, she will melt it, paving the way to the soil.
4. has about 40% nitrogen. The fertilizer is acidic and lime must be added if used. It is well soluble and digestible by cultures. Urea is best used as a liquid top dressing., since in this case the fixation of nitrogen in the soil is much better. They need to fertilize the soil to the depth of root growth. If you spread it on the surface, then most of the nitrogen will simply dissolve.

Potash - this kind of simple mineral fertilizers, which contribute to the accumulation of starch and sugar in plants. They give plants resistance to various diseases and unfavorable weather (heat, frost).

To the number potash fertilizers relate:

• – it is obtained from potash ores. It has dual properties due to the fact that it contains chlorine, which is not suitable for all crops, but due to the presence of many others useful elements he is useful. Potassium chloride is recommended to be used in the fall, so that there is time to wash out all harmful substances.
• – does not contain impurities, chlorine, sodium, magnesium. Therefore, they can fertilize all types of crops and in any season.
• Potassium salt - consists of potassium chloride, kainite and sylvinite, its properties are the same as those of potassium chloride. To read .

Phosphorus top dressing is necessary during flowering and fruiting.

Varieties of phosphate fertilizers:

• Phosphorite flour is a popular top dressing of the phosphorus group. It must be applied on soils with acidity, since phosphorus has an effect only in interaction with acid. One of the advantages of this flour is its longevity - having doubled the fertilizer, it will last for several years.
• Superphosphate simple - has sulfur and gypsum in its composition, it is used for any soil. Mainly used for feeding fruit and berry trees.
• Superphosphate double - does not contain gypsum, but phosphorus, unlike simple superphosphate, contains twice as much.

Their composition, as mentioned above, contains two or more trace elements. They are divided into types:

• by the number of trace elements - double, triple;
• according to the method of production - mixed, complex, as well as complex-mixed.

The most common types:

How to apply mineral fertilizers - the main principles

The process of feeding plants is very responsible and requires compliance with all standards. Having understood the varieties of fertilizers, it is clear that some of them can be used as the main ones, and some only as a top dressing.

Each species has its own norms and methods of application, which are described in the instructions. But there is general tips suitable for all kinds.

• The use of food utensils for breeding fertilizer is not desirable.
• Storage chemical fertilizers must be produced in vacuum packaging.
• When applying top dressing, dosages must be strictly observed.

Experienced farmers are also advised to heed these tips:

• If top dressing with mineral fertilizers is carried out through the soil, it is necessary to avoid getting it on the vegetative parts of plants. If this still happened, then the plants need to be rinsed with water.
• The highest quality result of a rich harvest is achieved in the process of alternating organic and mineral fertilizers.
• Mineral fertilizers in dry form are recommended to be applied during top dressing to well-moistened beds, as a result of which the applied concentrate will be softened.
• For high-quality assimilation of trace elements, it is recommended to use liquid mineral fertilizers.

When laying dry fertilizers, you need to immediately cover them with a small layer of soil. The depth should be small so that top dressing is available to the roots.

Some tips from seasoned gardeners:

• If there is a shortage of nitrogen in the ground, then other fertilizers (potassium and phosphorus groups) without combination with nitrogen will not bring any benefits, so you need to apply them all in combination.
• With overgrown plants, it is better to use a foliar feeding method.
• Foliar top dressing of bushes and trees must be done in the spring, when the leaves have just formed.
• In the case of applying mineral fertilizers along with organic ones, their rate must be reduced by three times.

Fertilizers of the nitrogen form are recommended to be applied in the spring, as they are easily soluble, due to which they are quickly washed out with the flow of moisture from irrigation or precipitation. It is necessary to spread the granules immediately before sowing. You need to close them up to a depth of 10-20 cm. Or you can top dressing locally, pouring directly into the holes.

Which fertilizer is better - mineral or organic?

Methods of mineral feeding

Top dressing with mineral fertilizers can be done in two ways:

• root method, using dry or soluble mineral fertilizers, with their introduction into the soil with or without irrigation.
• foliar top dressing mineral fertilizers - this is spraying the vegetative parts of the plant.

Fertilizers can be used at all stages of land work.

• They are introduced in the autumn to restore soil fertility.
• Seeds are treated with various nutrient solutions of mineral fertilizers for a good start.
• Vitamin and mineral top dressing is introduced directly into the seedling furrows.

Proper use of mineral fertilizers

Based on the foregoing, it is clear that mineral fertilizers have many types, having different components, which is why they are not suitable for all crops. Some are for vegetables, others for trees.

Consider the most common types of plants and fertilizers suitable for them.

During the period of growing seedlings, the lack of any microelements manifests itself in slow growth, loss of color and fall of leaves. In the case of an excess of mineral components, there is a possibility of plant death or burns, which will also adversely affect the growth of seedlings. Therefore, you need to study the instructions and, according to the indicated dosage, make them.

Main components for good growth seedlings, it is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Mineral fertilizer for cucumbers

A crop such as a tomato is very sensitive to the quality of the soil and the applied fertilizers. But tomatoes are still better to underfeed than overfeed. In order to avoid overdose, phased fertilizer is performed. It depends on the stages of vegetation of crops.

During the period abundant flowering fertilize with a combined solution of mineral and organic fertilizers, this is cow or bird dung and potassium sulfate.

During the formation of the ovary and their maturation, superphosphate and sodium humate are used. Also, mineral fertilizers can be mixed with.

With grapes, the feeding process is different. If the soil was fertilized when planting seedlings, then top dressing will not be needed for the next 5 years.

To get a rich grape harvest, you need the following elements:

• Nitrogen - as for any plant, it is needed to build up green mass. Application must be made in the spring. Fertilizing with nitrogen autumn period can be harmful, as excessive growth of greenery will interfere with the maturation of the vine.
• Phosphorus- necessary during the flowering period.
• Potassium - contributes to the early ripening of grapes and its vines. Also prepares grapes for wintering.
• Copper- improves frost resistance and enhances shoot growth.
• Bor - It is introduced during the period of ovary brushes and their growth, as it increases the sugar content of fruits and accelerates their ripening.

Many of the elements are in the ground, but by exercising additional top dressing, the grape harvest will improve significantly.

Mineral fertilizer compatibility table

Summing up, we can say that mineral fertilizers have great importance to obtain a rich and high-quality harvest. They are divided into two main groups: organic and mineral. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, but subject to all requirements and norms, the result will be positive.

What are mineral fertilizers(be careful, the video is uplifting)