How to grow green peas in the country. plant care

Peas are one of the most popular plants to grow. He is valued for his excellent taste qualities. In addition, peas are a healthy crop. It is not surprising that he managed to win the love of children and adults.

How to sow peas in open ground and how to care for him afterwards, will be discussed in this article.

Composition and useful properties

Peas are self-pollinating annuals belonging to the legume family. This is herbaceous plant comparable in protein content to beef. At the same time, vegetable protein is better absorbed.

In addition to protein, peas contain vitamins: A (carotene), B, C and PP; and trace elements: manganese, phosphorus, iron, potassium. From it, the body receives lysine, a deficient amino acid. This composition makes peas important part therapeutic diet. In particular, it is necessary for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

Green peas saturate the earth with nitrogen, creating a breeding ground for beneficial microorganisms. Bacteria living in its roots process atmospheric nitrogen and contribute to its accumulation in the soil. Then plants use it.

Healthy! You can speed up the process of nitrogen enrichment of the soil. To do this, take some land from the garden where legumes grew before, and pour it where you plan to sow peas. Together with the soil, you will transfer the necessary bacteria.

Landing

Choosing a place for planting peas in the garden

Peas are a capricious vegetable. For growing peas in open ground, you need to carefully choose a place. When choosing a site, the following factors are taken into account:

• illumination;
• soil type;
• surrounding plants;
• climate.

Climatic conditions for growing

It is important to observe the conditions for growing seed peas. In humid environment The plant develops well, gives friendly shoots. In regions with high rainfall, it grows faster and gives a better harvest.

Peas especially need water during the flowering period: with a lack of moisture, it can drop flowers. However, the plant will withstand short-term drought due to strong roots that penetrate deep into the soil.

+5°C heat is enough for germination of peas. To start flowering and fruiting, a stable temperature of +15°C to +22°C is needed. The plant is frost-resistant and able to tolerate frosts down to -6°C.

Sowing time

The plant is sown in open ground early: already at the end of April, on the 20th-25th. In summer, sowing of peas continues until July 10. It is worth giving preference to early ripening varieties.

Soil and light requirements

Peas are not too picky about the composition of the soil. Loams, clay soils, sandstones are suitable for cultivation. It is best to choose areas with light and fertile soils rich in humus. It should be remembered that excess nitrogen destroys the plant.

Peas do not like acidic soils, so they are limed before planting. It is necessary to take 300 g of slaked lime (you can replace dolomite flour in the amount of 400 g) per square meter.

It is important to pre-dig and moisten the soil well, as well as fertilize. Consideration should also be given to the depth ground water. Too much high level occurrence will have a bad effect on the sprouts.

One of the key conditions for planting peas is lighting. The more sun, the better for the plant. The site must be protected from the wind.

Best Pea Neighbors

The yield of peas depends to a large extent on the plants that grew in the area before it. The best predecessors peas:

• carrot;
• potato;
• beet;
• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• pumpkin.

The culture itself creates an excellent groundwork for planting any other plants.

Important! You can not plant peas in places where other legumes were grown: beans, soybeans, peanuts, lentils. Including, you should not sow it on last year's garden. It is better to skip 3-4 years. So you will save the plant from diseases and pests that usually affect its family.

How to prepare the soil for planting

The soil begins to be prepared in the fall. The optimum digging depth is about 30 cm. The soil is fertilized with the following mixture:

• humus (compost is also suitable) - 4-6 kg;
• potassium salt - 15-20 g;
• superphosphate - 20-40 g.

The proportions are based on 1 square meter. When the time for sowing comes, the earth is sprinkled wood ash.

It is good if the soil was fertilized regularly before sowing peas. Large crops are harvested on such soils. Just do not feed the seedlings with fresh manure. In this case, the tops will grow, and the pods will be small.

Peas love flat, well-loosened soil. Before planting, the bed must be well shed.

Important! Although peas are cold hardy, experienced gardeners do not advise to hurry with sowing. Wait for a stable warm temperature.

Pre-sowing seed treatment

Pledge good harvest– Properly selected seeds. Only large, healthy specimens are suitable for sowing. seeds irregular shape, with spots and with other defects, patients are not subject to disembarkation.

Did you know? Calculating quality seed is very simple. For this they prepare saline solution at the rate of a tablespoon of salt per liter of water, and seeds are placed in it. Drowned ones can be safely planted, and those that have surfaced are rejected.

In order for seedlings to appear faster, pea seeds are germinated. It is necessary to soak them in warm water for 16 hours until they swell; change water periodically. Dry the seeds before planting.

You can immediately plant dry seeds. Before sowing, they are placed in a solution for several minutes. boric acid. It is obtained by diluting 2 g of acid with 10 liters of water. The solution should be hot, around 40°C. Such pre-sowing treatment serves as a prophylaxis against one of the main pea pests - nodule weevil larvae.

Seeding process

There is nothing complicated and unusual in the technology of planting peas. On the prepared site, wide (20-25 cm) furrows are drawn with a chopper at a distance of half a meter from each other. More precisely, the distance between the rows can be found by examining the seed packaging. It should be equal to the height of the plant. A mixture of earth and rotted compost or biohumus is poured into the resulting furrows, leveled. Peas are laid out one at a time, no closer than 5 cm from each other. Normally, from 80 to 130 seeds are placed per square meter. Then sprinkle with earth, compacting from above with the palm of your hand.

The sowing depth depends on the type of soil. On average, it is 3-5 cm. In sandstones, less clay soils- more. Do not place peas too close to the surface - there they will be dug up and birds will peck. To protect crops, you can cover the bed with a film.

Watch the video! Process of sowing peas:

If the width of the beds allows, lettuce or radish can be sown between the rows. To save space, you can grow peas in the near-stem circle of an apple tree, but in this case it is necessary to ensure that the crops receive enough sunlight. A layer of fertile soil about 10 cm high should be poured under the tree.

Early sowing should not rely on the natural frost resistance of seeds. It is better to play it safe and cover the bed with a film. Every 10 days, additional seedings are made, until the end of June, when the length of daylight hours the best way suitable for the development and fruiting of peas.

Reference! The first shoots will appear one and a half weeks after sowing, or even a little earlier.

Bait containing potassium and phosphorus will help improve the taste of peas. Thanks to fertilizers, the fruits will turn out sweet.

Features of plant care

When landing work behind, it remains only to provide peas proper care. It includes:

• compliance with the irrigation regime;
• top dressing;
• loosening;
• garter.

With proper care, productivity increases.

First steps after sowing

First of all, peas need moisture. Regular watering is the main part of care. From the first day after sowing, you need to ensure that the soil does not dry out. From lack of water, peas die before they germinate.

Garter

The long thin stems of peas cannot withstand the weight of the pods and drag along the ground. Air circulation and heat transfer are disturbed. To prevent this from happening, the bushes must be tied up.

To make a support, you should stock up on wooden pegs or metal rods. They are placed along the beds one and a half meters from each other. A rope is pulled between the rods (can be replaced with wire). Then the shoots are carefully lifted, allowing them to catch on the support with their antennae.

Instead of a rope, you can use a coarse mesh. It is fixed on two-meter stakes dug in along the edges of the beds. The grid will serve as a support for plants for more than one year.

Vegetable peas are inferior in grace to their ornamental relative, sweet pea. However, it can serve original decoration. Gazebos, terraces, hedges, balconies and pergolas twined with pea stalks look fresh and elegant.

Protection of seedlings from birds

Birds love to peck not only peas, but also young sprouts. A fishing net or film will help save the crop. You need to use translucent material, but make sure that the plants do not burn out in the sun.

Watering

Peas do not tolerate drought. In the heat, you will have to shed the soil abundantly, using at least a bucket of water (10 liters) per square meter. Frequency - once a week. With the beginning of flowering and fruiting, peas need to drink especially much, otherwise it will drop the ovaries. Drying out of the earth during this period is not allowed. The frequency of watering increases to twice a week.

Important! Peas love water, but it should not be flooded. Excessive diligence in watering increases the likelihood of disease.

Soil care: loosening, fertilizing features.

It is most convenient to combine watering and top dressing. As the last one, it is good to use a tablespoon of nitroammophoska in a bucket of water. After watering, as well as after heavy rain, the ground around the plants must be properly loosened to avoid the formation of a crust. To prevent moisture from evaporating too quickly, the soil is mulched. For the entire growing season, up to 3 loosenings will be required.

You should once again walk with a chopper between the beds in order to provide the microorganisms living there with oxygen. Such care is necessary when the plant has entered the phase active growth. When the peas have 4 true leaves, it's time to harrow the ground. In order not to harm the roots, only dry soil is harrowed.

Nodule bacteria do not tolerate cold well. Therefore, in a cool spring, peas are fed with nitrogen fertilizers until the soil warms up. The solution consists of 1 kg cow dung and a tablespoon of nitrophoska in a bucket of water.

Fertilizers are also applied during the flowering period of peas to stimulate the formation of ovaries and increase yields. Good results gives the use of mineral supplements. Before flowering, 25 g of dry fertilizers per square meter are applied. During the period of fruit setting, the beds are shed with a complex solution at the rate of 3 g per liter. It is necessary to ensure that the fertilizer does not get on the leaves.

Pest and disease control

Not only summer residents, but also pests like to feast on peas. Young seedlings should be protected from them in advance.

The most dangerous enemy of peas is the codling moth caterpillar. She hibernates in the soil, and in the spring, turning into a butterfly, she lays her eggs on plants. Caterpillars hatched from eggs immediately pounce on the leaves and can eat them to such an extent that the sprout dies.

To combat the pea codling moth, spraying is used. Use decoctions and infusions of such plants as:

• wormwood;
• tobacco;
• garlic;
• tomato (greens);
• burdock (roots);
• celandine (leaves).

To prepare, for example, garlic infusion, 20 g of garlic is passed through a meat grinder and left to infuse in a bucket of water for a day. After that, the infusion is filtered and used for spraying. Processing is carried out in the evening. Garlic solution also helps in the fight against aphids.

The best way to deal with codling moth is prevention. Therefore, spraying begins to be carried out in advance. Additionally, you can sprinkle the beds with tobacco dust, ash, powdered celandine. effective protection from the codling moth will be digging up the site before winter, early sowing and presowing treatment of peas.

Peas are affected by powdery mildew. This unpleasant disease affects the entire plant and can destroy the entire crop. For treatment, a sow thistle field solution is used. In 10 liters of water, 300 g of thistle leaves are infused for 8-10 hours. Two sprayings are carried out, the second - a week after the first.

Harvesting

A month or two after sowing, peas begin to bloom. A month later, the first harvest ripens. After collecting the pods, the plant goes into growth. Fruits can be harvested several times at intervals of two days (in cool weather - 4 days) for a month and a half.

If you follow the cultivation technology, you can get up to 4 kg of crop with square meter. The ripening period of peas depends on the time of flowering. The sooner the plant blooms, the sooner they start harvesting.

Interesting! The most delicious, tender and sweet peas ripen one and a half weeks after flowering in the lower part of the plant. This applies to early ripening sugar varieties of peas.

Peas are harvested when the beans have not yet had time to overripe. The pod, ready for harvest, has bright green valves, about 8 millimeters long. Untimely harvested fruits will prevent the ripening of the rest. The best time for harvesting - early morning, in the heat the pods quickly wither.

If you don’t need shoulder blades, that is, green peas, you should leave the crop on the bush until the lower pods ripen. After harvesting, the plant must be cut at the root, tied in bunches and hung for two weeks to ripen in a dry, well-ventilated place. Seeds will remain viable for two years.

Thus, peas are useful in crop rotation, because they increase the fertility of the soil, but they are not sown in the same place, so as not to expose them to diseases.

Many gardeners do not know about the benefits of peas and therefore do not consider it a significant plant for the site. This approach is not correct. Peas are a valuable source of vitamins; a versatile vegetable that does not deplete the soil, but, on the contrary, enriches it. It is worth paying attention to!

A delicious vegetable can be eaten right from the garden, or it can be used in the preparation of thousands of mouth-watering dishes. Let the cultivation of peas on your site bring you pleasure!

Watch the video! Pea cultivation technology:

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As the saying goes, "What you sow, you will reap." In this article, we will analyze the basis of agricultural technology when sowing peas.

This culture must be sown as early as possible. This old rule, which has been tested over the years, suggests: you need to start with peas (unless, of course, it is included in -:)). Delay in sowing by one day from the optimal (early) term leads to a decrease in the yield of cultivated peas by an average of 1 c/ha, and when sowing late spring and in dry summers - by 1.5-2 c/ha. At the same time, not only the grain yield decreases, but also its quality deteriorates, the accumulation of protein in the seeds decreases (up to 4%) and, as a result, sharp per hectare of sowing.

Sowing of peas is carried out in 2-4 days. Early and short sowing dates make it possible to more fully use the moisture accumulated in the soil during the autumn-winter season for favorable and plant growth at the beginning of the growing season.

In many regions of the Volga region, 1.0-1.2 million pieces are recommended. seed material per 1 ha. The recommended row spacing for peas is 15 cm. Table 1 shows the seeding rate per 1 running meter to obtain the desired density.

The depth of planting pea seeds in the soil is 6-8 cm. Planting seeds to a depth of more than 10 cm leads to a delay in germination by 1-2 days. With shallow placement of seeds, a significant part of them is placed in the surface, quickly drying up soil layer.

Seedlings, especially during early spring drought, are sparse, and only after past rains do shoots appear from the seeds of the surface layers.

Such crops ripen unevenly, which makes them unsuitable for direct combine harvesting.

Planting seeds when sowing at the recommended depth better provides seedlings with water, and in later phases (3-5 leaves), especially after rainfall, it contributes to the formation of secondary (additional) roots in plants in the area of ​​the supercotyledon (ecotyl).

According to the results of a study by the State Scientific Institution Samara Research Institute of Agriculture of the Russian Agricultural Academy, it was proved that they play a significant role in the formation of the crop, increasing it up to 30%. Finally, it should be added to this that the use of harrowing of pea crops without the risk of damage is possible only if the seeds are planted in the soil at least 5 cm deep.

When using SZ-3.6 seeders for sowing, the operating speed of the unit should be no more than 6 km / h. With an increase in speed, the incorporation of seeds deteriorates significantly, some of them (up to 30%) are carried into the upper layers of the soil. After completion of the sowing of peas, rolling should be carried out. This technique ensures the greatest contact of seeds with moist soil, which ensures friendly and early shoots.

AT last years at the Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, peas are sown with a combined unit AUP-18.04, which simultaneously performs pre-sowing cultivation and broadcast sowing with the introduction of starting doses of fertilizers, rolling and leveling the soil surface.

More on the topic:

Botanical characteristics and biological features peas Secrets of growing potatoes from seeds The value of peas as a leguminous crop Peculiarities of cultivation and use in animal feeding of white lupine Agricultural technology for the cultivation of winter rye

Peas- This annual plant from the legume family. One of the features of a plant from the point of view of biology is that it develops and grows rapidly. Peas are divided into two types: vegetable and sowing, but besides this, there are still a bunch of varieties of this plant. Let's now see what is the difference between them and how to distinguish them in general.

Vegetable peas are usually sugar, shelling and semi-sugar. The shelled varieties are usually used for canning because the peas are green in the pod and have a rough parchment. Sugar is very soft, juicy, usually they can be eaten green. And about semi-sugar, we can say that the parchment layer is located at the place where the beans and wings are attached. In some types of beans, when ripe, the parchment layer is not very pronounced. The parchment layer is the place in the beans where they are attached to the protective flaps of the pod.

Tip: if you want to grow peas in order to "eat" them green, then, of course, choose sweet varieties, you definitely can't go wrong!

We can also find out what other types of vegetable peas look like - we determine by growth. If the plant has a length of up to 50 cm, then it is called "dwarf", if somewhere from 50 to 80, then the "semi-dwarf", "medium-sized" variety has a length of 80 to 115 cm, but already from 115 cm we get " tall pea."

In addition to growth, we can classify peas by seeds. If the seeds are smooth or wrinkled, then they are called "Brain Peas". Another classification factor is growth rate. If the plant began to bear fruit and ripen in 60-70 days, then it is called "early", but the varieties that ripen after 90 days are called "late".

It is worth noting that peas can grow with low temperatures. For example, peeling varieties can grow even at a temperature of 1 to 4 degrees. Sugar varieties need more heat- from 4 to 8 degrees. The fact is that the fruits themselves can ripen at a temperature of 6 degrees, but this will significantly affect the amount harvested crop. The most favorable temperature for the growth of peas is 15-25 degrees. If the temperature is higher, then the plant can easily stop growing and dry out. Peas vegetable variety usually grows well on soft and light soils. If the soil is clayey, then you will have to fertilize it so that your plantings can bear fruit.

A few tips for growing peas quickly: before sowing, be sure to soak the peas in water. The depth required for sowing is from 3 to 5 cm, and the distance between plants should be at least 5-10 cm. But for a tall variety, the distance between rows should reach about half a meter (30-40 cm).

After planting, you can put a little pressure on the plants so that they immediately come into good contact with the ground, and the development process begins faster.

Pea root is very sinuous and long, it can penetrate the ground to a depth of 1 meter in order to extract nutrients and moisture. If there are few nutrients in the soil where your peas are sown, then it must be fed. The first time you can do this after the plant has reached a height of 5-8 cm, and the second dressing can be arranged after a couple of weeks.

Care

Your main task when caring for peas is to loosen the soil, protect against weeds and pests, and you will also need to put a support on the stem after the plant reaches a height of 10-15 cm.

By the way, at the expense of pests. There are a lot of them, so it's best to keep a close eye on your plants so that you don't find creepers in every pod later. One of the main pests late varieties is the codling moth. Therefore, you need to plant the plant as early as possible so that these insects do not take you by surprise. If you plant beans earlier, then by the time the plant ripens, the codling moth will not have time to wake up from hibernation. On these crops, egg laying is difficult, or butterflies do not have time to lay them. You need to grow peas in well-ventilated fields, which prevents butterflies from flying. Since they attack mainly the edges of the field to lay eggs, the plots must be made for sowing peas as much as possible. large sizes. And then mow the fields of crops for livestock feed. It is necessary to observe crop rotations and not return peas to the same field earlier than 5 ... 6 years. The fight against pea codling moth is facilitated by the fact that only one generation of the pest appears during the growing season, but it is quite numerous, and therefore everything possible must be done so that it does not appear. The most effective and well-known means chemical control are preparations based on lambda - cyhalothrin. They have required properties against pea codling moth.

The most important thing is that you treat planting peas with responsibility, because as you plant and care for, you will get such a harvest!

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At a time when the vegetables on the site are still gaining strength, you can already feast on tender, juicy peas. You open the bean, and there are round seeds - a soft, tasty treat.

Peas are an ancient culture. Exist different types and pea forms, all of which originated from different places- This is the Mediterranean coast of Africa and Europe, middle Asia. wild species peas, thanks to the efforts of man, cultivated and spread to the territory Western Europe and the New World. According to scientists, peas appeared in Russia as early as the 3rd millennium BC.

Peas are definitely very useful product nutrition. It is eaten raw, soups, cereals, kissels are cooked from it, canned, etc. Peas contain a large amount of proteins, similar in composition to the proteins found in meat. Peas contain a variety of minerals, amino acids, salts, trace elements, vitamins B, C, A, PP, antioxidants.

It is useful to eat peas for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, skin diseases, and digestive problems.

There are several types of peas, the most common of which is vegetable. Vegetable peas are shelling and sugar type. In shelling varieties, only peas are used for food, while in sugar varieties, young beans, in the shoulder phase, can be used.

Biological features of peas

Light. Peas are long day plants and short day(less than 10 hours), late pea varieties may not even flower.

Moisture. Peas require a lot of moisture, first to swell the seeds, then to build up the vegetative mass and form the fruit.

The soil. Peas, for normal growth and development, require fertile soils: loam or sandy loam, well seasoned with humus, provided with moisture, but without stagnant water. On heavy, dense soils, peas grow poorly, what is called "with difficulty" grows and a good harvest cannot be expected.

Temperature. Pea plants are resistant to low temperatures and are able to withstand short-term frosts down to -4-6°C. The most favorable temperature for plant development is +16+22°С. With all the cold resistance of plants, peas have a weak spot - beans, they do not tolerate temperature drops below -2 ° C.

Pea cultivation technology

Although growing peas requires certain rules, it is not very difficult. Agricultural technology for growing peas includes: site selection, planting, care, top dressing, watering.

Soil preparation

The best predecessors for peas are: pumpkin, cabbage, cucumbers, that is, those crops under which they were introduced large quantities organic fertilizers. When planting in such a plot, additional organic fertilizers can be omitted.

Pea beds are best prepared in the fall. Carefully select weeds when digging the soil and fill organic fertilizer- compost or well-rotted manure (1 bucket per 1 sq. M.). In the spring, it is better not to apply organic matter - there is a danger that pea plants will “leave” in the tops, to the detriment of fruiting.

In the spring, form beds and add 1 glass of ash per 1 sq. m., embedded in the soil.

Preparing seeds for sowing

Pea seeds need to be sorted out, removing the damaged ones, then pour salt water (1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water), remove the floating seeds - such seeds will either not sprout or give weak, diseased shoots. Rinse the seeds that have settled to the bottom clean water and soak for swelling, which will ensure quick and friendly shoots. Seeds need to be filled with water so that they are completely covered and left for 15-24 hours to swell. Water must be changed every 3 hours, otherwise the pea seeds may turn sour. When soaking, you can drop a growth biostimulator into the water, for example, "Epin-extra" and soak in this solution for 1-3 hours. Swollen seeds should be sown immediately.

Pea seeds can also be sown dry, but in this case, seedlings will appear later.

Sowing dates

AT middle lane vegetable peas are sown in early spring, at the end of April. In the northern regions, sowing is carried out 10-14 days later, as soon as the soil warms up to + 6 + 8 ° С. In the southern regions, peas are sown in the first decade of April.

Sowing

Grooves 3-4 cm deep are formed on the bed. The distance between the grooves, for undersized varieties, 20-25 cm. Lay the peas in grooves, maintaining a distance between them of 4-5 cm. When sowing tall varieties, the distance between the grooves is 40 cm, between the seeds - 7-8 cm.

Fill the grooves with earth and lightly compact the earth - with your hand or a board. It is better to cover the bed with covering material to protect crops from birds.

Care

Care for planting peas comes down to timely weeding, loosening, watering, protection from pests, diseases and top dressing.

When the pea plants grow to 15-17 cm, you need to install supports in the garden. It can be a picket fence, brushwood stamens, or you can stretch a nylon mesh.

water the peas should be timely, because a lot of moisture is required for the swelling of seeds and the development of plants. The lack of water during the period of bud formation and flowering can provoke the fall of buds, ovaries and flowers.

top dressing. It is known that peas do not deplete the soil, but enrich it. On the roots of all legumes settle nodule bacteria that absorb nitrogen from the air. If you sow one hundred square meters of land with peas, then the soil in this area will be enriched by 1.4 kg. nitrogen available to plants. The same amount of nitrogen is contained in 300 kg. manure.

During the growing season, it is advisable to feed peas with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 2 times. The first top dressing is carried out before flowering, the second - during the period of fruit set. Such dressings make peas more tender and tasty. Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers also increase the resistance of peas to powdery mildew, ascochitosis, rust, etc.

Harvesting

Beans, shelling peas of early varieties, can be harvested in a month, in milky ripeness. The pod will be a bright green color, without a white mesh on the surface (the mesh appears on overripe beans), the peas in the pod will be of the appropriate size for the variety, but not yet coarsened.

pods sugar peas ready for cleaning flat shape, juicy, green, with underdeveloped peas.

Peas are common legume, which has a high nutritional value. He is especially appreciated for increased content protein (from 26 to 30%). In this regard, it can be compared with meat, only vegetable protein is digested human body it is better. In addition, peas are rich in carbohydrates, vitamins (groups B, C, A, PP) and trace elements (phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron).

Peas are unpretentious, bear fruit under almost any conditions. But to get a rich harvest, you need to know how peas grow and what are the features of its cultivation.

Peas: characteristics of culture

Pea (Pisum) is an annual herbaceous plant of the legume family (Fabaceae) with a weak rounded-faceted decumbent creeping stem, growing in length from 0.2 to 2.5 m. The branched root system of this crop has a rod type and goes deep into the soil. Beneficial nodule bacteria develop on the roots and in their immediate vicinity, which absorb and accumulate nitrogen from the air, thereby enriching the soil with it.

Complex pinnate leaves consist of 2-3 pairs of small elongated gray-green sheet plates. The petiole of each leaf ends in a branched thin mustache, with the help of which the pea clings to a support or neighboring plants. White, pink or purple flowers moth type are located in the axils of the leaves 1 or 2 each. early maturing varieties the peduncle appears after 6-7 leaves, in the later ones - after 12-23 (depends on the time it takes to reach maturity).

The culture is self-pollinating, a pod develops in place of the flower. A straight or curved cylindrical bean consists of 2 wings, between which smooth or wrinkled peas are placed in 1 row (from 3 to 10 pieces). The timing of pea ripening can be different (from 55 to 100 days from the date of planting).

All varieties of this culture are divided into 3 groups:

1. Shelling. The sashes are covered with a dense parchment layer from the inside and are not eaten. Only green, smooth, shiny peas are used, which are used for canning. The most popular varieties are: Alpha, Early 301, Atlant, Vera, Viola, Emerald and others.
2. Sugar (pods). Delicate flaps break easily, because they do not have an inner leathery-fibrous layer. The beans are juicy, tasty and meaty. The entire pod is used for food. Varieties: Sugar brain 6, Inexhaustible 195, Sugar, De Grasse 68-28, Zhegalova 112 and others.
3. Semi-sugar. At first, the pods are tender and crispy, young beans are used together with the wings. With age, a hard parchment layer appears in the places where the halves are fastened together. On the territory of Russia, the variety Karaganda 1053 is grown.

Growing peas of all varieties occurs according to one technology and is not particularly difficult. But there are several important points that need to be taken into account.

Choosing a place for planting peas in the garden

For peas, a sunny, well-lit area, calm and quiet, is selected. Strong gusts of wind can break fragile stems. This culture can be placed along the fence or near the wall of the house, along which the stems will climb up. The plant tolerates light partial shade, but bears fruit better and more abundantly when all the foliage is well lit by the sun.

Some vegetable growers practice sowing peas in trunk circles major fruit trees(apple trees, pears and others), where nutrient soil mixture is first poured from fertile garden soil and humus with a layer of at least 10-15 cm. Growing peas in the country, in the garden or in the garden is within the power of any novice gardener, subject to simple rules.

Climatic conditions for growing peas

To get an early and abundant harvest, you need to try to create optimal conditions for growing peas. The culture loves good moisture, therefore, for the appearance of friendly seedlings, the seeds are planted in moist soil. Good and regular watering will allow the plant to develop quickly and increase yields. Constant moderate humidity is especially necessary during the period of budding, flowering and fruit set. With a lack of moisture, the pea bush drops buds and ovaries.

Peas can tolerate short-term drought because the long taproot draws moisture from deep soil layers (more than 1 m). But he does not like the proximity of cold groundwater, as the root system can rot.

This legume is cold-resistant, its seeds germinate already at +5 °C. Seedlings can survive short-term frosts down to -6 ... -4 ° С. During the formation of the ovary, the optimal temperature should be within +13 ... +15 ° С, for the rapid growth of beans, a temperature of at least + 17 ... +22 ° С is required.

What kind of soil do peas like?

Peas are undemanding to the composition of the soil, but it will develop better and bear fruit more abundantly on loose, moderately moist loams and sandstones with a sufficient content of phosphorus and potassium. In heavy clay soil, it is recommended to add coarse river sand and humus when digging (1 bucket per 1 m²). In sandy soil, which does not retain moisture and fertilizers well, clay must be added to increase the moisture capacity (1 bucket per 1 m²).

The culture prefers soils with a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction, so acidic soils must be deoxidized with fluff or dolomite flour (300-400 g per 1 m²). Too rich and fertilized soils are also harmful to peas, because an excess of nutrients provokes fast growth tops. In this case, the pods will be small and few. For specimens from which seeds for propagation will be collected, the soil is prepared especially carefully.

Best Pea Neighbors

The yield of a crop is strongly influenced by which plants were cultivated in that place in the previous year. Peas grow well after early potato, pumpkin (zucchini, pumpkin, cucumbers), cabbage, tomatoes. He will feel great in the garden next to corn, nightshade (potatoes), cruciferous (cabbage, radish). Other legumes (beans, chickpeas, soybeans, lentils and others) will be bad predecessors for this crop. With proper crop rotation, peas are planted in the same area no earlier than 3-4 years later.

Features of planting peas at their summer cottage

Industrially, peas are cultivated in large volumes in many regions of the Russian Federation; they are grown in Russia, India, Greece, America, Japan, Ukraine and other countries. In the past few years, our country has taken the 1st place in the export of this crop.

However, when planting this plant on garden plot or in the garden you need to take into account a number of important points and pay Special attention proper preparation soil in the garden and pretreatment seed material.

How to prepare the soil for planting peas?

In order for peas to grow faster and begin to bear fruit, experienced vegetable growers recommend preparing a bed for planting peas in advance in the fall. When digging the site, it is necessary to add potassium salt (30-40 g per 1 m²) and superphosphate (50-60 g per 1 m²). The plant responds well to soil fertilization with compost or rotted manure (4-5 kg ​​per 1 m²).

This crop does not tolerate fresh manure, but grows well in the place that was fertilized in the previous year under its predecessors.

Peas need small doses of nitrogenous fertilizers; in the spring, just before planting, 2-3 g are added to the ground ammonium nitrate per 1 m². Sowing can be done with dry and hatched seeds. With pre-germination, germination will be much higher.

Preparing peas for planting

Preliminary preparation and processing of pea seeds before planting consists of the following manipulations:

• the seed material is sorted out, leaving only the highest quality and healthy ones (all damaged ones are thrown out);
• seeds are soaked in warm water for 16-20 hours for swelling, the liquid is changed every 4-5 hours;
• the water is drained, the seeds are wrapped in a damp cloth and left for 2-3 days until hatching (the cloth is periodically moistened, drying should not be allowed);
• to accelerate the appearance of sprouts, you can treat the seeds with any growth stimulator (Epin, Novosil and others).

Before sowing, dry peas are recommended to be warmed up a little in a warm (+40 ... + 45 ° С) solution of boric acid (1 g per 5 l of water) for 5-7 minutes. At industrial way In the cultivation of peas, the seed material is not soaked, but is treated with pesticides (pickled) and microelements to increase resistance to diseases and accelerate the emergence of seedlings.

How to sow peas?

The correct technology for the cultivation of peas provides for the following actions when sowing it:

• on the prepared bed, several furrows are made 7-9 cm deep at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other (for tall varieties, the distance between rows is about 30-35 cm);
• a little mixture of humus with wood ash is poured at the bottom of each furrow, then sprinkled with soil;
• furrows are abundantly watered;
• seeds are placed in the furrows to a depth of 5-6 cm, leaving 5-7 cm between them (in heavy, moist soils, the embedment depth is about 3-4 cm);
• covered with earth and lightly compacted.

Pea cultivation technology, plant care features

Peas, the cultivation and care of which after sowing is especially important, will bear fruit better if all the rules of agricultural technology are observed. The timing of ripening and crop yield is affected by the correct irrigation regime, loosening the soil, removing weeds, as well as tying bushes to a trellis or support.

First steps after sowing

The technology for growing peas involves planting them in moist soil, since the plant will quickly die with a lack of moisture, even without having time to sprout. In the first time after sowing, it is necessary to carefully monitor the regularity and timeliness of watering. Prior to budding, it is watered once a week; during flowering and fruiting, watering is carried out at least 2 times in 5-7 days. In dry times, the amount of watering is increased.

Further outdoor care for this legume is to provide it with a sufficient amount of moisture. This is important throughout the growing season as fruits appear unevenly. When pods are already ripening in the lower part of the plant, its top continues to grow and form buds. But excessive moisture is also harmful, as it can provoke the development of fungal diseases.

soil care

The soil under peas must always be kept in a loose state, since only in this case will the roots receive right amount oxygen (with its deficiency, nodule bacteria develop poorly). During a period of active growth close attention given to loosening row spacing. The first time this procedure is carried out 10-14 days after planting, when young plants reach a height of 6-7 cm and form 5-6 leaves.

The soil between the rows is loosened (harrowed) to a depth of 7-8 cm and the plants are slightly spudded. In order not to damage the fragile root system pea bushes, it is recommended to do this before watering, while the ground is still dry. Simultaneously with loosening, weeding is carried out so that weeds do not take away nutrients from the peas. In order to avoid the formation of a dense earthen crust after watering, the plantings must be loosened and mulched with humus, straw, sawdust or peat.

Features of feeding peas

To increase yields, stimulate flowering and better education ovaries of planting peas must be fertilized. Shoots that have just appeared, while nitrogen-fixing bacteria still do not work well, are fed with infusion of weeds (1 kg of any grass per 1 bucket of water) so that the plants do not suffer from a lack of nitrogen. For the same purpose, plantings are watered with a solution of mullein (1:10) with the addition of nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

During the formation of buds and the setting of pods, the culture is fertilized with any mineral complex(30 g per 10 l). When the plant blooms profusely, it is recommended to feed the peas with dry granules (25 g per 1 m²). With the industrial method of cultivating this crop, when it is grown large areas, varieties that are undemanding to nutrition are used, which do not need top dressing.

Bush garter

The procedure for tying bushes is included in the list of mandatory measures for the care of pea crops. If this is not done in time, then weak stems will fall to the ground from the weight of the fruit and their own weight. Lying whips are not ventilated and can rot, moreover, much less ovaries are formed on them. When placed vertically, the ground part of the culture warms up well and is blown by the wind, which avoids a large number diseases.

After the appearance of the first whiskers, when the seedlings reach a height of 7-10 cm, it is necessary to tie up young plants. There are several ways to install the support:

1. Wooden stakes, metal rods or just branches are stuck along the row at a distance of 1-1.5 m from each other. Between the stakes, a rope or wire is stretched horizontally, on which the whips are placed. The rope is stretched along the entire perimeter in several tiers at different heights.
2. Between 2 adjacent rows, a plastic mesh is installed, clinging to which the peas will stretch up.
3. Seeds are sown along the perimeter of the hole, in the center of which a support rod is then placed.
4. Supports (sticks, rods, branches) are simply stuck along the furrows.

The main diseases and pests of peas

Growing peas in open ground is sometimes accompanied by damage to plantings by various diseases and pests.

Most often, the culture is exposed to such diseases:

1. Powdery mildew. It develops due to the strong thickening of crops and excessive moisture. Loose white spots form on the upper part of the leaf plates, spores are located on the underside. The plaque covers the entire green mass, then the stems and leaves die. For treatment, use an infusion of thistle field (0.3 kg per 10 liters of water, insist 8-10 hours). Sprayed twice with a break of 5-7 days.
2. Mosaic. The plant develops poorly, the leaves become jagged and curly. An incurable disease, all affected bushes are immediately destroyed.
3. Ascochitosis. It appears as dark brown bordered spots on the leaves. The plant dies. Fruits that have ripened are unsuitable for food.
4. Rust. From above on the surface of the sheet appear yellow spots, below - a characteristic yellow, loose coating containing spores. The bush grows poorly, dies over time. For the fight, spraying with Bordeaux liquid (1%) or sulfur-containing preparations is used.
5. Nodule weevil. The insect eats away the growth point (top), the larvae eat the roots and pods. Landings are sprinkled with wood ash and tobacco.
6. Aphid pea. Sucks juice from all parts of the plant. The stems wither, the flowers fall off. The bushes are washed soapy water(250-300 g per 1 bucket of water), treated with acaricidal preparations (Iskra, Fastak, Fitoverm and others).
7. Pea grain. The larva of the black beetle bruchus winters in seed material, then gnaws through the pods and eats the peas. The fight against it consists in early planting and careful selection of seeds, which are treated before sowing in solution. table salt(3%). Floating specimens are thrown away.

In case of severe damage, special systemic preparations (fungicides and insecticides) are used. As a preventive measure, it is recommended: crop rotation, deep autumn plowing, thorough destruction plant residues and good care for landings.

Peas: how to get a rich harvest

To enjoy as long as possible bountiful harvest, peas need to be harvested in a timely manner. If you do not collect ripe pods on time, then the next fruits will ripen later. Regular constant collection stimulates fruiting.

The first milky pods are harvested approximately 21-25 days after flowering. Timing is determined by variety. sugar varieties, which are eaten along with the shoulder blades, are plucked 12-15 days after mass flowering. Green fresh peas of brain varieties are ready in 18-23 days. The bottom pods ripen first.

It is better to harvest in the morning, when the air is still cool, then the beans will not wither. Cleaning is done 1 time in 2-3 days in good warm weather and 1 time in 4-5 days in cool and cloudy weather. Experienced gardeners practice sowing peas with different periods maturation and phased planting of seeds in the ground with an interval of 15-20 days. The earlier the planting was made, the earlier the harvest can be obtained.