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How to deal with diseases of fruit trees. Diseases of stone fruit crops

An orchard planned and grown with different term fruit ripening can bring not only a rich harvest, but also create a special atmosphere of comfort in landscape design site. Different varieties of trees, which, with the help of pruning, are given intricate crown shapes, make it possible to compose intricate ensembles that delight the eye and surprise with their diversity.

In order for the garden to remain a pleasant resting place, and the trees to be healthy and fruitful throughout their growth, it needs special care and care with disease prevention and treatment.

The most common diseases of fruit trees

Cosiness orchard often violated by uninvited guests, spoiling the ripening crop, destroying the wood and the neat appearance of the green massif. But wilting of trees occurs for other reasons. Diseases fruit trees can be of two types:

To the most dangerous diseases garden plants that are detrimental to trees include:

If the measures necessary to maintain the orchard in a healthy state are not taken in time, there is a risk of losing most of the fruit-bearing trees.

Available methods for the prevention of diseases of fruit trees and their treatment

Prevention powdery mildew if signs of the disease are detected at the beginning of growth, Topaz or Skor can be used in the proportion of 1 ampoule per 10 liters of water. If the disease manifested itself during the ovary of the fruit, then the drug Hom dissolved in the amount of 40 g per 10 liters of water is well suited.

Colloidal sulfur has proven itself well in the treatment of fungus. Spraying of trees is carried out in three stages, starting from the period of leaf blooming and then with an interval of 12-15 days. Preparing the trees for winter, they are sprayed with 1% Bordeaux liquid, they collect all the fallen foliage and give it to the fire.

The fight against scab gives effective results if work is carried out on time to thin and trim the crown, cut and burn spoiled greens, spray solutions of Bordeaux liquid or copper oxide chlorine.

In order to rid the garden of fruit rot, it is enough to regularly remove fruits with rot and then compost them or bury them in a special pit. Additionally, it is possible to spray the plants with milk of lime in a proportion of 1-2 kg of lime per 10 liters of water.

Preparing trees for winter may include treatment with copper sulfate 100 g per 10 liters of water. And the listed scab control measures are sufficient actions in the prevention of fruit rot.

Insecticides that can control population density can help treat the fungus. harmful insects. These include:

Bankol;
Actellik;
Aktara.

Also effective is a copper-soap solution, prepared in a proportion of 150 g of soap, 5 g of copper sulfate per 10 liters of water. Or spraying with solutions of copper oxide chlorine and Bordeaux liquid. If rust is found on the leaves, they are removed, collected and burned, preventing further spread.

When moniliosis is detected, the affected or dead branches are removed and then burned. In preparatory work for winter, trunk circles are dug up with burying the leaves that have flown deep into the soil.

Peach tree leaf curl can be cured by removing the affected foliage and shoots. With further spraying in the autumn after the fall of the green mass with Miedzian 50 WP or Efuzin 500 SC. And in the spring before the greenery blooms with the help of Syllit.

To prevent gum disease trunks garden trees it is necessary in the spring and autumn periods to cover with a solution of lime with the addition of glue. Make sure that the trees grow in favorable conditions, to exclude the possibility of damage to the bark of their trunks.

Sick branches and branches must be removed and burned. Clean damaged areas of the bark and rub with leaves. horse sorrel, then carefully cover with the composition of the garden pitch.

Var can be bought or prepared by yourself. To prepare, you need to melt the paraffin and bring it to a boil along with crushed rosin. Next add vegetable oil and boil for 10 minutes. The proportions of the parts must correspond to 6:3:2. The finished var is cooled and placed in a glass container with a lid. For better wound healing, it is recommended to add heteroauxin per 1 kg: 1 tablet before smearing in var.

In order to avoid disease of fruit trees with root cancer, they need proper care, timely watering plants, regular fertilizing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, manure, loosening the soil. Such measures can increase the resistance of plant roots to the disease.

The garden is the joy and pride of the summer resident. What could be better than the moment when you approach your tree, pick an apple, and, with a habitual gesture, rubbing it on a trouser leg (or skirt), you bite into a juicy fruit sprinkled with juice with a crunch ... But a garden is ...

But a garden is also a responsibility. In front of the trees we give life to in our garden. They, like family members, must be loved - fed, watered, protected and treated ... Trees, like people, get sick. And there are many reasons for this. Today we will look at6 main

Reason 1: mechanical damage

Mechanical damage- This is a physical violation of the integrity of the plant. Most often it is a breakage of branches, cuts of the bark, ruptures of leaves. They are caused by various reasons: atmospheric phenomena, animals and the person himself.

The main causes of mechanical damage:

Heavy snowfall and glaciation that break branches

Hares and mouse-like rodents that gnaw on bark
Insect pests that damage leaves, flowers and fruits
Strong wind, from which the leaves (due to contact with the branches) appear scuffed
Hail that lacerates leaves and dents fruits
Inaccurate manual processing, in which boles and branches are damaged
Negligence in harvesting, when the bark is damaged and branches are broken

Any damage to trunks, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits becomes a gateway through which infections and harmful microorganisms penetrate.

In the next video, we will learn why and how an improperly sawn branch of a fruit tree can lead to serious diseases and the formation of a hollow.

Reason 2: thermal damage

Thermal damage- this is damage resulting from the action of low or high temperatures.

Freezing

Low temperatures cause damage to the bark, cambium and wood of the branches. With a sharp drop in temperature at the beginning of winter, when there is still no good snow cover, even root system. The most difficult thing for a fruit tree is the freezing of the wood of the trunk and skeletal branches, which already forever violates the relationship "root system - leaves".

Some diseases quickly lead the plant to death. Diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses:

Necrosis (rot)

Hyperplasia (cancer)
Wilt (vascular mycosis)
powdery mildew
Rust
Anthracnose
Mummification
Scab
spotting
Infectious deformities
infectious chlorosis
Mosaic

Reason 5: pest damage

This reason is one of the most widespread. Organs of fruit trees - a favorite food of a variety ofpests: insects, molluscs, worms, arthropods, arachnids and crustaceans. Pests damage all organs - roots, shoots, leaves, buds, flowers and fruits, oppressing fruit trees, causing their growth to lag and even complete death.

Damage from pests is noticeable not only in the year when their attack happened. As a rule, the next year's harvest for a weakened tree is also at risk. Pests significantly reduce the winter hardiness of fruit trees and berries, their resistance to various diseases.

Fruit tree pests:

Ticks

Hawthorn, apple and fruit moths
hawthorn
apple flower beetle
Eastern codling moth
Pear pipe wrecker
Sapwood
Western unpaired bark beetle
goose
Ringed, oaky and gypsy moths
Underbark leafworm

Reason 6: eating disorders

Plants grow steadily and bear fruit only if their diet contains all necessary elements in the right ratios. deficit or excessnutrients leads to developmental failures.

Mineral deficiency

May be the result

disturbed movement of nutrients in plants due to damage to the tissues of the trunk and branches
limited absorption of nutrients due to the genetic characteristics of the plant
lack or vice versa, excess water in the soil
partial freezing of the root system
damage to the root system of a tree by rodents
too low or high temperature of both soil and air
lack of a necessary element in the soil
low or high soil pH

Signs of a mineral deficiency

Lack of nitrogen
1. The plant is stunted
2. The leaves are pale green and develop smaller than on other trees.

Phosphorus deficiency
1. Pome leaves become narrow
2. Petioles and veins on the underside noticeably redden
3. Young shoots acquire a red-brown color
4. The leaves of berry bushes become smaller, become reddish-purple

Potassium deficiency
1. Slightly pronounced chlorosis between leaf veins is noticeable
2. In pome seeds, the leaves first turn pale, then a yellow-brown stripe, similar to a burn, forms along their edges.
3. With acute potassium starvation, the leaves of the apple tree become brown, and the pear - black

Of the trace elements, fruit trees most often experience a lack of boron, zinc, copper and manganese.

Boron deficiency
1. Fruits are tied worse in an apple tree, tissues cork with growth
2. Leaves develop small, thickened
3. Shoots often bush.

Lack of copper
1. Brown spots form on the leaves
2. The leaves on the tops of the shoots turn brown at the edges, deform and fall off more often

Zinc deficiency
1. Small, narrow, hard leaves, collected in rosettes on the tops of annual shoots

Manganese deficiency
1. Leaves become variegated
2. Chlorosis is observed between the veins

Surplus of mineral fertilizers

The reason for the excess of minerals lies, as a rule, in the "human factor": the problem occurs when excessively high doses of nutrients are introduced.

With an excess of phosphorus
Iron and zinc in the soil pass into an indigestible state for plants. As a result:
1. Chlorosis is provoked (iron deficiency)
2. Increases the rosette of the apple tree (zinc deficiency).

Caring for your garden is a difficult but very interesting job. A summer resident needs to be not just an agronomist and a good owner, but also a patient and caring doctor Aibolit for his pets. Timely accepted preventive measures and love for Nature will definitely help to grow a healthy, pleasing to the eye and soul garden. published

Non-infectious diseases of trees - how to deal with them?

This pest, resembling a small bee, cracks down on the middle of the ovaries. Its wintering takes place in the soil, and it flies out from there about five days before the blooming of apple flowers. Females lay eggs in buds and flowers - each with 80 pieces. Twenty-legged larvae crawl into the fruit, eating the seeds. Because of this, the ovaries fall and the crop is lost.
The fungus overwinters in autumn fallen leaves. If the spring is rainy, then it is activated. And with a cool and humid summer, it rejoices at all. He also loves a dense crown. So we remove extra branches, fallen apples, burn autumn leaves. In autumn, we sprinkle copper sulphate on the crown, and in spring (before bud break) - Bordeaux liquid. More a good drug for autumn processing is a solution of nitrate with urea.
On this I say goodbye to you, dear readers. She told only about some types of diseases of fruit crops. Those that she herself encountered.
- the release of a jelly-like liquid with the formation of small hollows and sagging. Occurs due to increased reproduction of pathogenic bacteria. A factor contributing to the strengthening of external manifestations is insufficient care for wounds on the bark, high humidity, and cold summers. They get rid of it by cleaning the affected area with a knife, followed by its treatment with garden pitch. I don’t advise you to take gum treatment lightly: with amber “tears”, plums, cherries, cherries lose their strength and useful substances.
It is best if wounds begin to heal in the spring. And the treatment of fruit trees of the trunk begins with a rough treatment of the wound. In autumn, the damage should be temporarily covered with a special mixture to avoid the influence of frost and sunlight.

DNOC - 200 g for every 10 liters of water;
Fight against disease of this type should begin in early spring and be carried out using the composition "Topaz" as follows:
black cancer;

Fruit rot. It is not so difficult to notice it - brown spots appear on the leaves, which grow quickly and flow to the fruits. Fruits infected with this disease rot, change shape and fall or dry out. If the fruits remain on the tree, then next season they will begin to form spores that can infect new harvest. In this case, as in the case of scab, spraying with a solution of urea will help, as well as treatment with lime "milk", for the preparation of which you need to dissolve 1.5 kg of lime in 10 liters of water.

Another "mushroom" problem - "

In the treatment of fruit tree trunks, hollows are of particular difficulty. Since ancient times, people have tried to help the tree, trying all sorts of ways. They all start with cleaning, disinfection measures. Then comes the resin treatment. After that, the hollow is filled with pebbles and cemented with a special composition. After all the procedures, when the filling dries, its edges are processed oil paint, necessarily on natural drying oil. It is impossible to use gasoline for processing, as it penetrates deep into the thickness of the tree and over time the hollow will become even larger. Properly carried out treatment of fruit tree trunks will help rid it of many diseases.

Suspension of colloidal sulfur - 100 g for every 10 liters of water.

Infectious diseases and their treatment

The substance is diluted in a ratio of 2 ml per 10 liters;

scab;

Leaf spotting. This disease most often manifests itself in the form of spots light color with black dots on the leaves. The tissue affected by the disease soon falls out, leaving behind holes in the leaves, the bark of the diseased tree cracks, wounds appear on the trunk, releasing gum. Young shoots weaken due to spotting, become more susceptible to cold and frost, and yields also decrease. If the plant is not sprayed in time, it may die.

To avoid such problems, we must not forget about the importance of carrying out agrotechnical measures in the garden, which will ensure timely preparation plants to the cold.

Shoots stop growing and developing;

To prevent trouble, measures are taken in advance. So, when buying seedlings, they turn only to those nurseries whose goods are reliable and tested (otherwise you can buy an infected tree). When the apple trees take root, you need to take care of them regularly: loosen the ground near the trunks, weed weeds, cut off dried branches, remove leaves with apples that have fallen (and immediately). And thin out the crown regularly.

If a grayish coating appears on leaves, twigs, flowers, then it's time to sound the alarm. The spores of the fungus penetrate the tissues of the plant, preventing it from developing. Apples wrinkle and dry up before ripening. The ovaries may not appear at all.

My opinion: for a garden to be healthy, it needs to be looked after. Do not neglect pruning, processing, do not be lazy to destroy spoiled fruits. witch's broom

Our company employs experienced, highly qualified employees who will not only be able to correctly diagnose a diseased tree, but also restore its health and youth.
Another way to minimize the likelihood of a disease of this type is to collect all rotten fruits and systematically destroy them. This operation should be carried out daily. Apples should be disposed of as far from the site as possible. It is advisable not to bury them in the ground and not throw them away, but simply burn them. So you can completely destroy the pathogenic fungus, leading to the appearance of rot.
Even before flowering, the tree trunk is processed with this composition;

powdery mildew;

The main problem is the resulting gum wounds, dangerous topics that they may be contaminated by another infection. That is why they need to be treated with a solution of copper sulphate (100 g of product per 10 liters of water), and at the end with garden pitch, which will protect the open space on the tree from diseases. Preventive measures are simple - thin out the crown in time. Before the buds swell, be sure to treat the plant with a solution of ferrous sulfate (500 g of the product per 10 l of water) and spray with a solution of nitrofen (dissolve 300 g of the product in 10 l of water).

So, for example, to prevent frost burns, clean the tree from the old bark, and treat the skeletal stems with a mixture of 20% milk of lime and 3.5% solution of copper sulfate. In the spring, the treatment is repeated again. So that the plants do not suffer from frost, before the winter cold, tree trunks are tied with spruce paws, straw and white paper.

Preventive measures against diseases

Drying leaves deprive the plant of important "building" elements - phosphorus and nitrogen;

The recipe for making Bordeaux liquid is here;

This fungus also loves wet spring and warm summers. But when the frost is minus 27, he dies. It is necessary to remove all diseased shoots and burn. For treatment, colloidal liquid sulfur is taken. Buds are sprayed with a two percent liquid, ovaries - one percent. The third time we process the apple tree in a couple of weeks, also with two percent sulfur. Or use copper (iron) vitriol, Bordeaux liquid is also good.
It is difficult for a bad owner to make out what happened to the trees: one sore clings to another. You look, and there is no harvest. But it's not about us.
". From one area, weakened branches with small, fragile yellow-red leaves grow in a bunch. Closer to July, a matte gray coating appears on the wrong side - spores. Together with the wind, they fall on other shoots and infect them. To prevent the formation of panicles in spring and autumn, diseased bunches are cut and burned. At the same time, preventive treatment with copper sulfate is carried out.
Prices for services tel. 8-985-996-59-95
To avoid a situation in which the leaves on the apple tree become covered with brown spots, various kinds of preventive work should be performed.
After flowering, the plant also needs to be processed.
Fruit rot.

Instead of fighting diseases of garden plants, it is better to provide high-quality protection of trees from diseases. In other words, you need to carry out preventive work, thanks to which you can save a lot of your time and effort.

nasotke.ru

Diseases of apple trees in the photo and how to treat them

There are a lot of tree diseases, and their treatment is individual in each case. Experienced gardeners diseases are easily distinguished by their characteristic features, which allows them to accurately determine the method of treatment, but young gardeners first need to know these very signs. And only then spray the plants with suitable means for protection.

Varieties of diseases of the apple tree

After several fruiting seasons, when the fruits absorb the remaining moisture, the tree may die;

We work in the area. We are building a booth for a dog: derevo-s.ru/budka-dlya-sobaki.
Chronic disease occurs after damage to the bark and branches caused by cold, pruning or rodent teeth. Infection is possible in weather from 2 to 30 degrees Celsius. sick tree does not develop and can not fully eat. Its bark is cracking, branches and trunk are overgrown with growths. Infected parts die and wither.
What do you think? Are you doing well in the garden? Are you doing everything on time? Please answer in the comments. Recommend the article to friends on social networks. Someone else's experience will help to avoid mistakes!
Since apple and pear are related varieties, their diseases are also the same. I’ll only talk about those with whom I had to deal.

Find out the cost of work:

Black cancer

First of all, they include inspection of the tree trunk. The trunk should be as even as possible, the presence of any cracks and other defects is not allowed. This also applies to leaves and fruits. Even if the symptoms of any diseases appeared only on one or two leaves or apples, the whole range of measures should be taken to disinfect the plant. Perhaps this will save him from death.

Also, instead of the drug "Topaz" you can use "Hom". It should be diluted in an amount of 40 g per 10 liters of water and sprayed on the plant stem before and after flowering. Excellent results gives colloidal sulfur, which is diluted in the amount of 80 g per bucket of water. It is very important not to overdo it with the compositions indicated above. This can lead to a burn of the bark and foliage.
Each disease is dangerous in its own way. When the slightest signs of disease appear, it is necessary to immediately begin to treat the plant.
Basic rules for protecting the garden:

Scab. This disease is considered one of the most common. It is quite simple to determine the scab - brown spots form on the leaves, and after a few weeks the leaves begin to fall off. The fruits lose their appearance - black blotches appear on the apples. Blisters can be seen on the shoots. The main problem with scab is that an infected tree develops very slowly, it can freeze in winter and bloom very poorly.

Leaves begin to fall prematurely;
And in the spring, the trunks of all trees should not be too lazy to whiten. And Bordeaux mixture cook by spraying apple trees with it until they bloom. You can also use copper sulphate for this purpose. And one more thing: all wounds and cuts on branches and trunks must be treated without fail - for example, with garden pitch.

We treat the apple tree like this: carefully cut out all the sore spots, and treat fresh sections with an antiseptic composition (you can use copper sulphate). Top with garden pitch. No pitch - take oil paint. And in winter, so that the hares do not eat the trunk, we wrap it with corn or sorghum tops - it helps well.

Scab

Ruddy and fragrant apples are an excellent delicacy, and also very healthy. And pectin in them, and iron, and a host of other minerals with vitamins. And in order to taste pure fruits, where there are guaranteed no nitrates, it is best to grow an apple orchard yourself. By the way, on our planet the area of such gardens is only slightly less than that of vineyards and olive groves. They take the third place - they even got ahead of the orange plantations.

scab

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Growing an apple tree is quite difficult, despite the unpretentiousness of most of its varieties. That is why it is necessary to carefully monitor its condition. Since with untimely treatment for the described diseases, you can lose not only the crop, but also the tree itself.
A disease such as powdery mildew is dangerous because it damages young shoots and buds of an apple tree.
Diseases of apple trees and their treatment (photos can be found on the Internet) are very diverse. The most common is "black cancer". Such a disease can be identified by the following symptoms:

never bring it into the garden fruit bushes and other plants that are already infected;

powdery mildew

The fight against this disease must be serious. In March, gardeners carry out eradication spraying of the soil trunk circles with a solution of sulfate (1 l) and urea (700 ml). A solution of nitrophoska is also suitable (dissolve 1 kg of the product in 10 liters of water). The consumption of the mixture for spraying an adult tree is an average of 4 liters. You can use Bordeaux liquid for spraying the garden. In this case, the processing is carried out twice a year - in early spring and after the petals fall. The main thing is to prepare the solution correctly. So, for the first spraying, mix 300 ml of copper sulfate and lime in 10 liters of water, for the second - 100 ml each in the same volume of water. Such treatment will be very effective.

The tree becomes more susceptible to diseases and pests.

- fungal origin, looks like spots, at first yellowish, small in size. Over time, the foliage turns black, falls off. If you do not fight the scab, it goes to apples. This is especially noticeable in old gardens: they met fruits covered with dense gray-brown spots with cracked skin. To prevent the spread of the fungus, every autumn, damaged shoots are cut out and burned on old plantings, and the ground around the trunks is dug up. Starting in spring, spraying is carried out (about 6 times per season with the same frequency), alternating Bordeaux mixture with other preparations.

Greetings, dear readers and subscribers! Autumn has come. It's time to start working on the site. Remove and burn the foliage, cut off excess shoots, form a crown. And carefully inspect the possessions: diseases fruit trees and their treatment is the most relevant on this moment topic for me.

Trees are living organisms and therefore can also get sick. Timely treatment of diseases of fruit trees will help save the plant from death. Often the disease occurs because the integrity of the cortex is broken, there is not enough water or, conversely, there is too much of it. Even minor damage and improper care can lead to illness.

This type of apple leaf disease is characterized by an extremely rapid spread. A tree under the influence of a fungus that causes a disease can die in just one month. It also often happens that the mycelium survives cold winter in the trunk of the plant and after the thaw begins to act with renewed vigor, destroying the fruit tree from the inside.

The appearance of black spots on the leaves - their number and size are growing every day;

Be sure to remove the excess crown and diseased shoots, also avoiding dense plantings;
However best protection for trees, these are preventive measures, any gardener will tell you so. Therefore, be sure to practice foliar feeding of the plant with a solution of urea - about 60 g of the product per bucket of water. It is also necessary to collect the fruits affected by the disease in time and destroy them. Be careful in the spring - as soon as the snow melts, scrape off the remaining foliage with shoots and burn them. And during the season, cut out the branches that you think are diseased so that the sore does not transfer to healthy parts of the trees.

garden plants with decorative leaves

In addition, there are special ready-made products that save you from pests and fungal diseases. There are many varieties of them - it is important to have time to do the processing on time. It is carried out in two steps:

Flower beetle

And now about the most delicious - apples. They appear 8-12 years after planting and can be either round or laterally flattened, varying in weight. There are fruits reaching up to a kilogram, but there are also small varieties, the size of a nut or cherry. Variety and colors ripe apples, which include the entire yellow-green and red-orange gamut. Only cold colors of fruits are not found - blue, for example. Or purple.

How to fight apple cancer - video

glav-dacha.ru

Treatment of fruit trees

Powdery mildew

I spent all the summer months in the battle for the harvest: I got rid of aphids, whiteflies, garden ants. And now I found signs of infection on the bark. So, the fight continues!

Tree disease control measures

The most common diseases today are varieties of spotting, cancer (root and black), scab, fruit rot, etc.

For the treatment of apple trees from a disease of the type in question, the following drugs can be used:

The presence of black rot on fruits;

try to avoid mechanical damage, protect trees from severe frosts and sunburn;

Black cancer is another disease of fruit trees that requires effective treatment. This sore affects the bark, stems, shoots, leaves and fruits. The disease is quite easy to see - black spots form on the leaves and fruits, red spots on the bark, which eventually become covered with pores. The main problem is that as a result of the appearance of pores, the bark can crack and as a result fall off, forming wounds. If the disease is not treated, it will lead to the death of the tree.

How to treat wounds on a tree?

Spraying grapes in autumn iron vitriol

Initially, trees are sprayed before they bloom. The level is a green cone. At the same time, pests crawling out of the ground and from under the bark die, and the development of diseases is stopped.

This is a dark brown bug with a long proboscis nose. Wintering in the bark and fallen leaves, it lays larvae inside the tender buds and buds of the apple tree, eating them from the inside along the way. Signs: juice dripping from the kidneys, buds with leaves that have not opened.

Can a hollow be cured?

Apple trees grow everywhere, preferring a temperate climate. They can be seen high in the mountains (up to a thousand meters) and on the edge of the forest in middle lane, in Central Asia, in the Crimea, in Europe (where apple trees are found in the wild). AT natural conditions trees grow from seeds, and cultivars are propagated by seedlings living in special nurseries. The age of trees can reach 100-150 years, but active fruiting usually lasts no more than 60-70 years.

- for me, a resident of the southern region, the most familiar disease. It's hard to get rid of her. The fungus easily passes to other species. It affects more often young shoots, blossoming buds, then fruits. The photo shows how the infected areas look like: the green mass, covered with white bloom, curls, fades, crumbles. Prevention and treatment are the same as for scab.

Fruit crops are quite vulnerable. Moreover, often the same misfortune destroys related varieties. For example, the following diseases appear on plums, cherries and cherries.

Every gardener can try to prevent diseases in his garden. To do this, it is necessary to rake fallen leaves every autumn and preferably burn them. You can, if desired, put it on compost.

"Topaz";

doctor-forest.ru

Diseases of fruit trees and their treatment: how to improve the garden

Darkening of the bark of a tree, the appearance of multiple cracks on its surface, its eversion in the opposite direction.

In the autumn it is necessary to dig up the soil, and in the spring it is necessary to loosen the soil;

Damage to stone fruit crops

If you notice black cancer on a plant, immediately spray the trees with Bordeaux liquid (1%). But the most important thing here is to heal the wound. First of all, we clean the bark - carefully cut the bark with a knife until healthy wood appears. Then the cleaned place must be disinfected using a solution of ferrous sulfate (we dilute 20 g of the product in 1 liter of water) or copper oxychloride. After the bark dries, we treat the wound with garden pitch.

Spraying the garden in winter The second time they do this, when the apple trees have faded, and the ovaries of fruits are visible on the branches. At the same time, insects are again destroyed (this time we protect the ovaries) and fungal spores that can scatter.
To deal with the villain, we will pull up the sheet and shake off the bugs when the buds swell. And then we drown them in water. You need to do this four times, until the thermometer shows plus 10. Then, when the buds begin to open, we take a weak (0.2%) solution of chlorophos - and on the crown. By the way, if you wish, you can get strong seedlings from apple seeds yourself. To do this, we use the method of monks growing apple orchards near the Valaam Monastery. You need to take ripe grains, be sure to rinse thoroughly and plant in the ground. This is done at the end of summer, and well-hardened seedlings will germinate in spring. We immediately remove the wilds - they are noticeable by their too bright green color and thorns on the trunks.

big trouble

The development of especially dangerous infections is prevented by timely treatment for powdery mildew and scab. That is why in unkempt plantings there are trees with ugly trunks, basal growths.

Gray rot After all the leaves have been removed from the site, the trunk circles are dug up. In addition, the treatment of fruit trees involves spraying by special means by sleeping kidneys. You can treat the soil in the same way. Features of the treatment of fruit trees in the fall are spraying tree trunks in order to destroy pests. How many times and how to carry it out will be prompted by a specialist after an examination.
"Skor".Treatment of black cancer of an apple tree must be carried out with the help of Bordeaux liquid - it processes the affected areas on the trunk. But this operation is necessary only after flowering trees. In order to avoid the occurrence of a disease of this kind, it is worth conducting preventive work. This will make it possible to save a maximum of plants. Black spots on the leaves of the apple tree cannot be eliminated, but you can simply prevent their appearance: Try to collect fallen leaves every evening;

"Mushroom" problems

Powdery mildew. The main feature is white coating, which at first can be removed quite simply. If you do not provide high-quality protection to fruit trees, the infected areas will begin to die off, the tree will stop developing, the leaves will fall off. The infection most often affects the lower leaves first, slowly flowing upwards, gradually affecting the fruits, which leads to their rapid decay.

We recommend you check out To diversify varieties, ennoble wilds and breathe new strength into old trees, they are grafted. To do this, you need a cutting from a healthy apple tree: a branch about 30-35 centimeters long, growing upwards. It is cut at an acute angle, doing this in the fall or early winter (in extreme cases, very early in the spring, before the juice appears in the kidneys). They store the scion stalk where it is cold and damp.
Codling moth Apple trees are unpretentious and grow on almost any soil. However, most of all they love well-manured soil with enough potassium, as well as the sun in good doses. Slight frosts and lack of water are not able to harm. But what is fatal for the apple tree is the close presence ground water. At the same time, the roots rot, and the tree cannot be saved in any way. If you have such a situation on the site, and you want apples, then choose dwarf varieties, whose roots are small.

dangerous neighbor

These are different types of cancer.

(moniliosis, monilial burn) - a fungus that affects shoots and buds immediately after flowering begins. Externally, the plant looks like it has been scorched by fire. In summer, a gray coating forms on the fruits, the berries fall off or dry out. Favorable conditions - cool, rainy summer. Treatment is reduced to sawing and burning damaged branches and all parts of fruit crops. It inhibits the spread of rot by early spring and autumn spraying with Bordeaux liquid.

Spraying must be done several times a year: The compositions in question should be diluted in a quantitative ratio of 2 mg for every 10 liters of water. In this case, the processing is best done using a special spray gun in early spring, before flowering. After that in without fail you will need to treat the tree with copper chloride, for which a drug called "Hom" is perfect. It should be diluted in the amount of 40 g per bucket of water.
fight small pests; Do not over-fertilize the soil - this can also lead to diseases;

The development of powdery mildew occurs mainly in the warm season in conditions of sharp fluctuations in temperature and high humidity.

However, an excess of moisture can also adversely affect the development of plants. The most famous disease caused by excess fluid is called dropsy. Its main symptoms include:

It is necessary to graft when the juices in the tree are most active - in spring or summer. There are dozens of methods for this. The easiest way is to graft behind the bark (into a cut made in depth) or into a split (splitting a prepared branch cut). They try to press the cutting tightly against the stock, and then they coat everything with garden pitch and wrap it with a tape of soft material.

A gray inconspicuous striped butterfly emerges from the cocoon in June, immediately laying eggs on the inside of the leaves, after 10 days pink caterpillars appear from them. They are our apples and spoil, climbing inside. And then (about a month later) they go to winter in a cocoon. Fallen under the bark or under the leaves.

In order for the apple tree to please you with its wonderful fruits every year (by the way, up to 300 kilograms per season can be harvested from an adult tree), you need to take care of it. Water when dry, protect against rodents, feed. And protect from diseases and all sorts of harmful caterpillars with worm bugs. More on this later.

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Diseases of apple trees and their treatment: photos and signs of diseases, pests and their control

Black

Acquaintance with the apple tree

Hole spotting

1. Blue spraying in the green cone or budding phase. 2. If necessary, the trees are treated after they have faded. 3. The last spraying is carried out 20 days before harvesting.

Sometimes, after performing the above actions, the plant visually looks normal, there are no signs of the disease on it. It is mandatory to collect all the fruits. To minimize the likelihood of recurrence of the disease, treatment should also be performed with Bordeaux liquid - a 1% solution. A solution of copper sulphate is also perfect. It should be mixed in an amount of 50 g per bucket of water, while adding 20 g of liquid soap.

Fertilize and disinfect the soil appropriately.

do not leave in the garden plant remains and heaps of garbage.

Often the disease appears after overfeeding the plant nitrogen fertilizers. One of the most important conditions in the fight against powdery mildew is the removal of diseased shoots. The second stage of protection is the use of phosphorus supplements and organic fertilizers. Be sure to spray the trees with fungicides, the most effective of which is Topaz. There are also several folk recipes that can protect against powdery mildew:

Sudden fall of healthy leaves;

How to properly vaccinate in a split in the spring, look at the video:

Scab on an apple tree - how to fight?

We fight like this: before the buds swell, we clean the tree from the dead bark, which must be burned. And when the tree fades, we prepare a solution (water 10 liters plus lime 40 grams plus arsenic-acid calcium 30 grams). We spray twice - how the apple tree will bloom and how the extra ovaries will fall off.

Do you want to get fruits earlier - five or six years after planting seedlings? There is one way, which consists in the regular feeding of young animals with weak nitrogen fertilizers (certainly liquid). A tablespoon on a bucket of water ammonium nitrate goes. In June, trees are fed weekly, and in July - twice a month. So until they begin to bear fruit.

- apple trees get sick more often than pears. The beginning of the current is accompanied by the formation of brown dents on the bark, in the forks of branches. Over time, the trunk acquires a “burnt” appearance, the stem crumbles, flakes off, exposing black wood. The ovaries, foliage darken and fall. After 3-4 years, the whole tree disappears. Treatment and prevention - careful care of the garden, in the early stages - autumn cleaning of wounds with a knife, followed by disinfection with copper sulphate and treatment with garden pitch. By and large, it is better to saw out and burn the infected parts.

powdery mildew

(klyasterosporiosis) - the name makes it clear what kind of green shoots it takes on. One summer, the peach looked riddled with shot. Then all the greens with flowers and ovaries simply fell off. I was left without a crop, but I saved the garden. The fungus receded the following year after repeated spring processing at the stage of the kidneys - iron sulfate, after the appearance of buds - Bordeaux mixture.

All work on the treatment of fruit trees associated with the use of solutions is best entrusted to specialists. They will determine exactly when to conduct them and at what interval.

Apple bark disease - common cancer (European)

Why do apple tree leaves turn yellow in June? The reason for this may be the most common fruit rot. Despite the name, it affects not only the apples themselves, but also the leaves. However, the main sign of the presence of this type of disease is the presence of severe damage namely fruits.

Often, this kind of event becomes enough to prevent infection of the tree with black cancer. If there are any plants on the site that were nevertheless affected by this disease, it is necessary to cut off the black sections of the bark and branches, and then burn them outside the site.

Pests of apple trees and methods of dealing with them: codling moth, flower beetle, sawfly

But, if you suddenly find any signs of infection in the garden, be sure to carry out tree spraying activities to prevent the development of diseases and preserve the crop.

Pour 100 g of ash with a liter of boiling water and leave the mixture for a day. After that, strain and add a little soap diluted in water. Spray the trees with this solution twice at weekly intervals;

Death of shoots (if you do not start fighting the disease, the tree itself will die in a couple of years);

If rodents have severely gnawed your apple tree, grafting with a “bridge” can save it. Why take several cuttings aged 1 year. They need to be inserted below and above the place where there is damage. Then everything is smeared and fixed. In a month there should be the first leaves.

Not bad help from the codling moth unbelted in the summer, special trapping belts. They can be used from July. A good bait for caterpillars is dried fruit compote or kvass. You can also pour whey from milk.

Let us dwell on the three diseases of this plant, which are most common. All of them are caused by different types of fungi.

Bacterial

The infection settles not only on the branches, but also on the trunk.

Trees may be damaged different kind, depending on them and the wounds are divided into groups. Without dwelling in detail on small details, we can say that all wounds are of two types: those received as a result of infection and as a result of mechanical damage.

A disease of this type is the most dangerous, since its presence can only be detected after the end of the flowering process, when spoiled fruits are found. Fighting fruit rot is quite difficult - it damages apples even before they ripen. The best way out of the situation is to simply prevent the onset of the disease.

One of the most FAQ gardeners: scab on an apple tree - how to deal with it? This disease is easy to identify. It appears almost immediately after the plant is infected. The first sign of infection is rust on the leaves of the apple tree. If possible, it is necessary to start fighting the disease as soon as possible.

We carry out prevention

Rust on the leaves of an apple tree, as well as other defects on various parts of the plant, indicate the presence of a disease. If such symptoms are found, urgent measures should be taken.

Fresh mullein may also help. To prepare the solution, take 3 liters of manure, fill it with water and leave the mixture for a couple of days, stirring occasionally. After this time, strain the solution through a cloth and dilute again with water in a ratio of 1:10. It is advisable to spray the trees with such a solution in the evening to avoid sunburn. It must be remembered that only fresh mullein will be effective, and therefore the solution must be prepared before each use;
The fruits become tasteless and quickly deteriorate;

So, apple trees are not capricious trees and do not require anything special. If you treat them carefully and protect them from adversity, then for decades they will gratefully delight with apples - sweet and delicious. And enough for jam, and for marshmallow, and eat fresh.

Sawfly

It is this infection that most often attacks apple trees. It is not fatal, but can affect yields. Yes, and affected apples are not stored at all and do not have a presentation. The disease begins with spots on the underside of the leaves. They are greenish brown. And then brown spots and appear on the fruits, turning over time into a hard crust.

- ugly growths form on the roots and in the root region, they grow over time. Caused by a bacterium that lives in the soil. It is difficult to get rid of it, seedlings with signs of cancer are burned. Prevention - disinfection garden tools in a formalin solution, the use of potash and phosphorus fertilizers that increase immunity.
Gum treatment

Grafting an apple tree in spring or summer into a split is the second youth of a tree

It is best to just try to prevent the appearance of this kind of disease on fruits and trees. It is quite simple to do this: preventive treatment should be performed using a conventional nitrafen emulsion - this substance is diluted in an amount of 200 g per 10 liters of water. The following drugs are also excellent for combating the disease of the type in question:

The disease of this type is the most common fungus. It is possible to save a tree only if the sites of infection are detected in a timely manner. If you start the disease too much, then you can say goodbye to the plant. It is best to familiarize yourself with the signs of apple disease in advance from a photograph.

Today there are very a large number of apple diseases. The most common are the following varieties:

The use of curdled milk. In the fight against powdery mildew, yogurt helps - dilute it with water in a ratio of 1:10. After that, spray the plants with the resulting mixture.

Plants can become covered with lichen.