Autumn processing of apple trees - preparing the apple orchard for winter. Proper care of apple trees in autumn

Basil is a wonderful all-purpose seasoning for meat, fish, soups and fresh salads- well known to all lovers of Caucasian and Italian cuisine. However, upon closer inspection, basil greens are surprisingly versatile. For several seasons now, our family has been drinking fragrant basil tea with pleasure. In a flower bed with perennials and in flowerpots with annual flowers, a bright spicy plant also found a worthy place.

Thuja or juniper - which is better? Such a question can sometimes be heard in garden centers and in the market where these plants are sold. He, of course, is not entirely correct and correct. Well, it's like asking which is better - night or day? Coffee or tea? Woman or man? Surely everyone will have their own answer and opinion. And yet ... But what if we approach without prejudice and try to compare juniper and thuja according to certain objective parameters? Let's try.

Red Cauliflower Cream Soup with Crispy Smoked Bacon is a delicious, tender and creamy soup that adults and children will love. If you are preparing a dish for the whole family, including toddlers, then do not add a lot of spices, although many modern children are not at all against spicy flavors. Bacon for serving can be prepared in different ways - fry in a pan, as in this recipe, or bake in the oven on parchment for about 20 minutes at a temperature of 180 degrees.

For some, the time of sowing seeds for seedlings is long-awaited and pleasant chores, for someone - a difficult need, and someone is thinking about whether it’s easier to buy ready seedlings in the market or with friends? Whatever it was, even if you refused to grow vegetable crops, for sure, you still have to sow something. These are flowers, and perennials, conifers and much more. A seedling is still a seedling, no matter what you plant.

A lover of humid air and one of the most compact and rare orchids, pafinia is a real star for most orchid growers. Its flowering rarely lasts longer than a week, but it is an unforgettable sight. Unusual striped patterns huge flowers a modest orchid wants to be considered endlessly. AT room culture Pafinia is rightly included in the ranks of species that are difficult to grow. It became fashionable only with the spread of interior terrariums.

Pumpkin marmalade with ginger is a warming sweet that can be prepared almost all year round. Pumpkin has a long shelf life - sometimes I manage to save a few vegetables until summer, fresh ginger and lemons are always available these days. Lemon can be substituted for lime or orange for a variety of flavors - variety in sweets is always nice. Ready marmalade is laid out in dry jars, it can be stored at room temperature but it's always better to cook fresh food.

In 2014, the Japanese company Takii seed introduced a petunia with a striking salmon-orange petal color. By association with bright colors southern sunset sky, the unique hybrid was named African Sunset (“African Sunset”). Needless to say, this petunia instantly won the hearts of gardeners and was in great demand. But in the last two years, the curiosity has suddenly disappeared from shop windows. Where did the orange petunia go?

In our family Bell pepper love, so we plant it every year. Most of the varieties that I grow have been tested by me for more than one season, I cultivate them all the time. And every year I try to try something new. Pepper is a heat-loving and rather whimsical plant. About varietal and hybrid varieties of tasty and productive sweet pepper, which grows well with me, and will be discussed further. I live in central Russia.

Meat cutlets with broccoli in bechamel sauce - great idea for a quick lunch or dinner. Start by cooking the minced meat, while bringing 2 liters of water to a boil to blanch the broccoli. By the time the cutlets are fried, the cabbage will be ready. It remains to collect the products in the pan, season with sauce and bring to readiness. Broccoli needs to be cooked quickly to keep it bright. green color, which, when cooked for a long time, either fades, or the cabbage becomes brown.

home floriculture- not only a fascinating process, but also a very troublesome hobby. And, as a rule, the more experience a grower has, the healthier his plants look. And what about those who do not have experience, but want to have a home houseplants- not stretched stunted specimens, but beautiful and healthy, not causing a feeling of guilt by their extinction? For beginners and flower growers who are not burdened with a long experience, I will tell you about the main mistakes that are easy to avoid.

Lush cheesecakes in a pan with banana-apple confiture is another recipe for everyone's favorite dish. So that cheesecakes do not fall off after cooking, remember a few simple rules. Firstly, only fresh and dry cottage cheese, secondly, no baking powder and soda, and thirdly, the density of the dough - you can sculpt from it, it is not tight, but pliable. good dough with a small amount of flour, it will turn out only from good cottage cheese, and here again, see the “firstly” item.

It is no secret that many drugs from pharmacies migrated to summer cottages. Their use, at first glance, seems so exotic that some summer residents are perceived almost with hostility. At the same time, potassium permanganate is a long-known antiseptic, which is used both in medicine and in veterinary medicine. In crop production, a solution of potassium permanganate is used both as an antiseptic and as a fertilizer. In this article we will tell you how to properly use potassium permanganate in the garden and vegetable garden.

Pork meat salad with mushrooms is a rural dish that can often be found on festive table in the village. This recipe is with champignons, but if possible, use Forest mushrooms, then be sure to cook it like this, it will be even tastier. You don’t need to spend a lot of time preparing this salad - put the meat in a saucepan for 5 minutes and another 5 minutes for slicing. Everything else happens almost without the participation of the cook - meat and mushrooms are boiled, cooled, marinated.

Cucumbers grow well not only in a greenhouse or conservatory, but also in open field. Cucumbers are usually sown from mid-April to mid-May. Harvesting in this case is possible from mid-July to the end of summer. Cucumbers do not tolerate frost. That's why we don't sow them too early. However, there is a way to bring their harvest closer and taste juicy handsome men from your garden at the beginning of summer or even in May. It is only necessary to take into account some features of this plant.

Fertilizing, watering and whitewashing will help apple trees successfully overwinter.

Care in late summer and autumn promotes the maturation of wood and the formation of strong and frost-resistant flower buds.

Whitewashing will help protect the wood from spring burns, as well as from temperature changes and save from frost cracks.

garden calendar

August

Pinching growing shoots to speed up ripening for winter. Collection and destruction of carrion. Application of dressings that contain phosphorus and potassium.

September.

Preparation of planting pits and a dig for seedlings, transplanting young trees. Application of fertilizers under the trees with embedding in the soil - superphosphate and potassium sulfate - after the end of the harvest.

October

Digging the soil in near-stem circles. If necessary, deoxidize the soil by applying wood ash or dolomite flour. Removal of basal shoots from clonal rootstock trees, uprooting and destruction of diseased trees.

November

Cleaning of dead bark, cementing hollows. Whitewashing of shambs and bases of skeletal branches. Collection and destruction of diseased fruits and leaves. Installation of protection against rodents.

December January February

Freeing branches from wet and heavy snow, trampling snow around the trunk to protect against rodents. Taking care of wintering birds. Procurement of cuttings for spring grafting.

March

April

Planting seedlings and transplanting young trees before leafing out. Installation of trapping belts. Protection blooming garden from frost: smoke, spraying.

Fertilization in the trunk circle: 500 g of urea or 5 buckets of humus, followed by incorporation into the soil.

May

At the beginning of flowering, the application of liquid fertilizers after watering, excluding nitrogen fertilizers and increasing the potassium and phosphorus component.

Treatment for diseases and pests. Installation of props. Spring vaccination.

June

Treatment for diseases and pests. Loosening and mulching trunk circles watering in dry weather. Application of liquid fertilizers, foliar top dressing. Sanitary pruning. Ringing vigorous but not fruiting branches to increase yields.

July

Soil loosening. Collection and destruction of carrion Pest control. Checking and replacing trapping belts. Summer vaccinations according to the method of budding.

Preparing the apple tree for winter

top dressing

In August, feed apple trees with fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. These elements help to increase the winter hardiness of all parts of the apple tree. It is recommended to use superphosphate, double superphosphate, potassium sulfate, apply according to the instructions on the package. Trees are very responsive to root top dressing(spraying foliage with a weak solution) To do this, take easily soluble fertilizers - potassium monophosphate.

Cleaning and destruction of unnecessary

It is necessary to harvest in time, burn diseased and infected leaves, remove dried diseased fruits from the tree - this is a source of future diseases.

Tree trunks must be cleaned of old bark, lichens. Apple trees older than 6-8 years often need this. The old bark is cleaned with metal brushes carefully, without injuring the tree. Getting rid of lichens iron vitriol, spray them at the end of October and after a while they will turn brown and peel off easily. This will help to remove breeding grounds for pest larvae.

Hardening and mulching

Young apple trees of valuable varieties grafted onto a vigorous seed stock should be hardened in case of snowless frosts. In September, rake the ground from the tree trunk 3-5 cm deep, tearing off upper part roots. Store this earth in a bag in a frost-free room in a dried form. When mild frosts come, return the earth to its place. Roots harden and gradually get used to low temperatures. The root system of apple trees grafted onto a semi-dwarf rootstock will be protected from frost by mulching the soil in November with dry bulk materials.

During leaf fall (beginning to mid-October), carefully water the garden. The root system consumes moisture until the soil freezes. If the autumn is rainy, watering is not needed, but when it is dry, it is dangerous for the trees, they can suffer from frost. Irrigation doses depend on the age of the apple tree: the earth at a depth of 40 cm according to the projection of the crown of the crown should be wet.

Estimated volume of water - 40-50 liters per tree 4-6 years. Watering can be done at a time by watering each plant in portions and waiting for the water to soak into the soil, but it is better to stretch it over several days. The irrigation radius should correspond to the radius of the tree crown. To prevent water from spreading, build an earthen roller.

Rodent protection

Tie the stems (the section of the trunk from the ground to the first large branch) with spruce branches (needles down) or craft paper, parchment, roofing felt, construction bandages, etc. It is important to remove the protection in time in the spring, otherwise the bark under the shelter can support. Therefore, in ideal it is tedious to use breathable harnesses made of special plastic nets.

Spraying apple trees from fungal infections

After leaf fall, you can use high-concentration disinfecting solutions with copper sulphate (3-5% solution - 300-500 g of vitriol per 10 liters of water) Copper sulphate does not dissolve very well, so dissolve it first in a small volume hot water, and then bring the volume of the solution to the required. This method is very efficient and environmentally friendly after harvest and leaf fall. It is held in November.

Whitewash

The bright sun in spring, reflected from the snow, can cause sunburn in young apple trees. They are especially harmful to trees aged 5 to 12 years. It is from this that garden whitewash is used, which is applied to the trunk on the base and including skeletal branches. It is recommended to apply 2 times: in November and February-March. Apply only on dry bark and in dry weather.

So you and I laid our apple orchard, having previously chosen the ones we liked, having bought seedlings and to pre-selected places.

Our still very young garden really needs constant care and attention, because only by giving something away, we can count on reciprocal gratitude in the form of generous harvests.

Competent will provide the owner for the entire winter period with tasty and very healthy fruits.

Only with proper care will the apple orchard become our pride and the main decoration of the backyard.

How to grow an apple tree correctly, how to take care of it - you will tell you about this now.

Apple tree care, good feeding

The apple tree requires additional nutritional supplements several times a year. Top dressing is especially important for young trees.

But with young growth, you should be very careful when fertilizing. Fertilizers (especially those containing nitrogen) must be diluted with plenty of water.

Spring top dressing

Spring is the time of life, and it is during this period that apple trees are in dire need of fertilizers that stimulate flowering. When choosing fertilizers, take into account the soil in the garden.

At sandy ground Supplements with nitrogen will be useful, but nitrogen is not needed for black soil.

The degree of soil moisture plays an important role in the application of fertilizers in spring:

• With good watering of trees, fertilizers can be applied to large quantities. In wet, damp weather, they are applied dry. Just scatter the substance near the trunk, along with rainwater, top dressing will get to its destination.

At apple tree care necessary and foliar top dressing(crown spraying). Perform this procedure in the early morning or late evening (the main thing is that there is no sun in the sky).

In cloudy weather, you can spray the crown during the day. For foliar supplements, the fertilizer must be diluted or the leaves may be scorched.

◊ The first leaves. The first fertilizer is applied in the spring, as soon as the first leaves appear. At this time, the apple tree needs root fertilizing with nitrogen supplements.

Additives are made for digging around the entire perimeter of the crown. You can choose one of the following fertilizers (per apple tree):

• Nitroammophoska and ammonium nitrate: 30-40 g.
• Urea: 500-600 g.
• Humus: 4-5 buckets.

◊ Flowering. During flowering, the apple tree also needs food. At this time, it is better to make liquid fertilizers(if the weather is dry).

You can choose one of the following variations (based on one tree 4 buckets of composition). All the following top dressings should be diluted in 10 liters of water:

• Potassium sulfate: 60-70 g and superphosphate: 100 g.
• Slurry: 0.5 buckets.
• Chicken manure: 1.5-2 liters.
• Urea: 250-300 g.

◊ Pouring fruits. The third fertilizer in a row when caring for an apple tree is applied after its flowering (the phase of filling and fruit ripening). Choose one of the compositions:

• Sodium humate: 10 g, nitrophoska: 0.5 kg per 100 liters of water (calculation 2-3 buckets per tree).
• Green top dressing (dilute with water 1x10). Place the green parts of the grass in a large container and fill them with water. Close the containers with polyethylene with holes made. After 20-25 days, the green nutritional supplement is ready.

Summer top dressing

In summer, trees need not only nitrogen supplements, but also fertilizers rich in phosphorus and potassium. In hot weather, feed the apples several times. The minimum break between the introduction of summer fertilizers: 10-14 days.

◊ June. The first summer fertilization is carried out in mid-June. Urea is introduced foliarly.

If the month turned out to be rainy, fertilize the root zone. Urea should be diluted with water in the required proportion.

The older the tree, the higher the concentration of urea should be. When spraying, treat the stem with urea as well - it will kill all pests on the apple tree.

◊ July. In the July care for the apple tree, it is useful to feed it with potassium and phosphorus-containing additives. During this hot time, top dressing is carried out by spraying the crown.

Distribute the composition evenly throughout the foliage. Need a tree and nitrogen feed. Between mineral and nitrogen top dressing, pause for 1-2 weeks.

Autumn top dressing

In autumn, apple trees no longer need foliar feeding, otherwise the trees will not have time to prepare for winter rest.

In autumn, apple trees need potassium-phosphorus supplements:

1. The compositions can be bought ready-made, diluted with water and applied over the crown area, following the instructions.
2. You can cook them yourself: potassium (1 tablespoon), double superphosphate in granules (2 tablespoons) per 10 liters of water. Pour the composition over the garden with the expectation of 1 square. m. 10 l of solution.

Top dressing is a simple matter, but requires an individual approach. growing apple trees, important tips beginner gardeners:

• When caring for dwarf apple trees, reduce the amount of fertilizer by 25-30%.
• In order for liquid fertilizers to be better absorbed by the plant, apply them to holes 30 cm deep. Dig these holes around the entire circumference of the trunk perimeter.
• But such holes cannot be made when fertilizing columnar apple trees (their root system located too close to the ground surface, so the roots may be damaged). For these varieties of apple trees, it is better to scatter fertilizers in a dry form under the trunks or simply water the root perimeter.

If the apple trees lack any element, they will immediately inform the owner about this by changing their appearance.

Life-giving moisture

Very important for apple trees timely watering. Many gardeners start watering trees whenever water is available. This is wrong!

For the normal development of the tree, three times a day watering is quite enough (provided that the soil is saturated with moisture up to 80 cm).

1. First watering: during flowering (early summer).
2. Second watering: early July (time of rapid fruit ripening).
3. Third watering: October, before the expected frost.

In areas where climatic conditions are dry, it is better to increase the frequency of watering.

If the humidity is high or the summer is rainy, the amount of watering can be reduced.

Ideal water for apple trees should be + 18-25 ° C.

• Experienced gardeners when caring for an apple tree are advised to count right amount water, given the age of the tree (how old it is - how many buckets of water it needs). According to accepted norms, a tree at the age of 1-2 years needs 4-5 buckets for watering, an adult fruit-bearing tree needs 7-10 buckets for each square meter of the trunk perimeter.

Young trees need more moisture - because they grow. They need to be watered 4-5 times per season.

Trees should be watered directly under the neck of the root. Thus, water will penetrate the root faster.

Apple trees up to 3 years of age are best watered into the holes. Older trees can add water in a furrow way (grooves are made 50-60 cm deep).

2-3 days after watering, loosen the soil and mulch it (you can use peat, humus, sand or sawdust).

If watering with a hose, make sure that the water pressure is directed along the perimeter of the entire crown.

Apple tree care, pruning features

For a good, rich harvest, apple trees need sunlight. To provide the trees with access to the necessary light, apple trees are pruned.

This operation is carried out in different time of the year:

◊ Spring. In March-April (before the foliage blooming period), when caring for the apple tree, pruning is carried out to form the crown of the tree.

At this time, the apple tree has the most highly developed regenerative abilities (abundant juice secretion has not yet begun, so the wounds will heal faster and better).

◊ Summer. During this period, many young shoots appear at the apple tree - they need to be thinned out, the rest should be diluted.

◊ Autumn. autumn pruning preparing apple trees winter period. At this time, the trees must be freed from infertile shoots, too large branches, as well as dried shoots.

crown formation

The formation of the crown of an apple tree can be carried out in several ways. All the proposed methods have one goal: to provide the tree with the right balance between the main (central) conductor and the branches originating from it.

Crown formation options:

♦ Longline-discharged. The easiest and most popular way to care for an apple tree. This formation increases the yield of the tree, while its appearance remains as natural as possible.

1. In the spring, we measure a zone on a young seedling at a distance of 50 cm from the ground. Above this area, we measure another area of ​​​​30 cm - this area (stem) is intended for the first order of the apple tree. The first order includes three main shoots.
2. After 10 months, shoots form in the trunk. They need to be removed. In the first row, we save a branch for a length of 30 cm, then 2 shoots with a distance of 20 cm. All branches will be located in a mirror arrangement.
3. In the next season, we lay the next row at a distance of 45 cm after the previous zone.

Formation completed. Now you need to timely cut off the growing main process from above above a single branch.

The total growth of such an apple tree should not exceed two meters.

♦ Spindle crown. This is fast way(when caring for an apple tree, a small number of branches are subject to processing). Complete formation takes place over 3 years.

And the apple tree begins to bear fruit in the second season. The design is a basic shoot, from which the central shoots diverge in different directions.

1. In the first year of life, we cut the apple tree, leaving small plot skeleton.
2. When the first shoots sprout on the skeleton, we create the second row, rejecting the central branches on different sides.
3. The skeleton is cut again the following year.
4. In the third year of operations, the formation is completed.

During this time, the apple tree grows up to three meters. In the future, it is necessary to shorten the branch over any non-vertical shoot in a timely manner.

♦ Cupped crown. This technique is best suited for trees with poor growth. The method is a bit similar to the tiered-discharged method, but has its own characteristics:

1. In the initial row, three branches are bred along different directions so that the wiring angle is about 130º.
2. The main branch is cut at a distance of 45 cm from the trunk. It is shortened over the central shoot. We need to get two shoots from three divorced branches.

The same procedure is carried out for the next season when caring for an apple tree. In this case, the tree will become stronger and stronger. His immunity will also increase.

♦ Vertical palmette. This method of formation is suitable for apple trees growing around the perimeter of the garden and creating a natural fence. The implementation of this method will take 4 years.

With this method, the branches from the central trunk turn into a flat surface located on a horizontal line.

1. In each row, all branches on the tree trunk are cut off, leaving only a couple of branches growing in different directions.
2. All levels are symmetrically formed vertically with a distance of 80-90 cm.
3. All processes that appear on the main shoots are bent. Apples will ripen on them in the future.
4. If the main branches have significantly moved away from the central part, they should be tightened, and the processes (if the slope is insufficient) should be pulled back.

With this method, the height of the tree can be adjusted by annual pruning of the trunk and base shoots. In breadth, an apple tree can grow by 2-3 meters.

Anti-aging pruning

Thanks to this method, when caring for an apple tree, you can endlessly get delicious fruits from it. To do this, you need to open the center of the tree as much as possible and thin out the rest of the branches.

First of all, the central trunk is shortened by 1/3, then thickened areas are thinned out. The cutting angle must be at least 45º.

This procedure is best done in the spring, during the dormant period of the tree and in the absence of leaves.

harvest time

So that our ripe apples can be stored for a long time (and the fruits autumn varieties can last until April), pick the fruits from the tree very carefully (work with cotton gloves so as not to damage the delicate skin).

Fruits lying and crushed on the ground should not be stored - they can immediately be put into processing.

• Remove apples together with the stalk - it contributes to long storage. A natural wax coating forms on the fruits - no need to wipe it, it protects the apples from overdrying and the influence of various microorganisms, which will help in caring for the apple tree.

Harvesting should be done in dry weather and preferably in the afternoon.

◊ Summer varieties of apples. They begin to collect in August. These types of apples are not stored for a long time.

But you can harvest the fruits 2-3 weeks before full ripening and store at a temperature of 0-3 ° C.

◊ Apples of autumn varieties. The fruits are harvested in late August-early September. During this period, they are still not quite mature and slightly sour.

Until fully ripened, they must be held for 2-3 weeks in storage. With proper storage, apples of autumn varieties will delight you with taste for 3-4 months.

◊ Winter varieties of apples. They are removed in October. Freshly harvested from the tree, they have a harsh flesh and a sour taste.

They need about 2-3 months to mature. But these varieties are stored for a very long time - until April.

How to properly store apples

Freshly harvested fruits should be cooled to +4 ° C and immediately placed in storage.

As a rule, apples are stored in wooden boxes for storage. But such a container has a drawback - the tree can rot.

You can also use plastic containers (previously washed and disinfected).

To improve the preservation of apples, containers are sprinkled with sawdust of hardwood.

It is better not to use conifers - they give the fruits a characteristic resinous smell.

Also, do not use straw - it quickly becomes moldy.

Wood chips should have no more than 15-20% moisture content.

• It is also useful to shift the fruits of an apple tree with maple or oak foliage, peat chips, dry moss. These herbal ingredients have antibacterial properties.

Pre-apples are sorted by variety, degree of maturity and size. Large fruits ripen the fastest.

Choose containers for storing them with small gaps.

1. Before placing apples there, treat the containers with a solution of bleach and dry well.
2. At the bottom of the box, place sheets of clean paper and sawdust in the amount necessary to completely cover the first layer of fruit.
3. Put in the apples. Each fruit is best isolated by wrapping it in paper. The very last layer of fruit is covered with paper leaves, covered with sawdust.
4. The container is sealed.

To isolate the layers of apples, they can be separated by spacers made of cardboard or synthetic material. This will help to avoid the spread of diseases in stored fruits and ensure their protection during transport.

We got acquainted with the basic rules for caring for apple trees, but only mechanical care for our garden will not be enough.

It is equally important to love him and be grateful for the beauty and joy that he gives us!

And our garden will gladly protect us with its crown from the sun in a hot summer, delight us with the beauty of its flowering in spring and, of course, give us a rich harvest of beautiful apples in autumn.

I wish you good luck, good harvests and that your garden never gets sick and pests do not annoy it. But still, we will talk about the possible and our apple orchard in future articles.

I also suggest watching a video about caring for apple trees in order to "fix the material covered."

See you soon, dear readers!

1. Novice gardeners believe that a layer of leaves under a tree will protect the roots from freezing, and do not remove it. In fact, the foliage is not very good helper, fungi, diseases, pests, larvae start in it different insects who are not averse to eating bark, young shoots and fruits. After the tree sheds its robe, all foliage must be collected and burned.
2. The same must be done with rotten apples that lie on the ground or hung on branches. The larvae wintering in them will again begin to spoil the trees with the advent of spring.
3. Solution treatment iron sulphate or other preparations for lichen.
4. Classic and effective method fight against bark beetles - attraction of birds. Make feeders and hang them on trees. Feed the birds and they will destroy all the bugs and worms that live in your garden.
5. The lower part of the trunks must be whitewashed lime mortar with addition blue vitriol. This method will protect apple trees from insects, sunburn, freezer.

After these events, you can not be afraid that next year's crop will suffer from codling moth caterpillars.

Branch pruning

It is also better to do crown formation and pruning of old branches in the fall after the sap flow has stopped before the arrival of frost. Dry branches are removed completely, living ones are shortened by one third. The cut is made at an acute angle, with a well-sharpened tool - a hacksaw, pruner.

The cut point should be lubricated with garden pitch, drying oil or oil paint. It is better not to leave stumps. All damaged branches must be cut down. Try to give the tree the shape of a bush, it should not be too tall, optimal height- 3m.

autumn watering

Summer watering of apple trees stops in August. After that, the trees begin to actively shed their leaves, the growth of shoots slows down. In October, before frost, you need to do the last watering before winter.

The hole formed around the apple tree is completely filled with water. When the moisture is absorbed, repeat the procedure several times. Under one large tree, you can pour 200 liters of water. The soil must be well moistened, this will create favorable conditions for overwintering roots.

Warming of the trunk and roots

The preparation of an apple tree for winter in the middle lane cannot be considered complete without warming the rhizome and tree trunk. You will need to take the following steps:

• Loosening the earth around the trunk.
• Mulching with pine needles, peat, humus or sawdust by 10-30 cm. This is a reliable protection of the root from severe frosts.
• Preparation of young seedlings of apple trees for winter includes hilling, mound height: 30 cm.
• Snow is considered a good insulation. It needs to be thrown under a tree and trampled underfoot, the higher the hill, the better.

More close attention should be given to the preparation of annual apple trees for winter, they must be insulated additionally using the following materials:

• Fabric or burlap
• Paper - in several layers
• Spruce or reed
• Spandbond
• Ruberoid
• Nylon stockings
• Polyethylene thermal insulation for pipes

Preparing one-year-old apple trees for winter does not take much time. You need to choose one of the above materials and tie it to the bottom young tree or wrap around the trunk, fixing it with tape.

The next step: preparing columnar apple trees for the winter. This type of trees has a small height, so they can be covered completely.

Columnar apple trees preparation for winter:

• Take wooden planks
• Knock them down into a cone-shaped pyramid
• Cover the apple tree
• Pour inside a layer of peat
• Wrap the pyramid with a tarp or other material

Preparing apple tree seedlings for winter includes a garter. A stake is hammered into the ground near the tree, a tree trunk is tied to it, the same can be done with columnar apple trees. Such a support will not allow seedlings to break from strong gusts of wind. After these procedures, your apple trees will be able to survive all the whims of winter. In early spring it will be possible to free them from their hiding places and watch how they bloom and bear fruit, strong and healthy - the pride of the owner, the decoration of the garden.

Video:

With the onset of autumn and the end of the harvest, gardeners begin a new stage dacha works. Now you need to get rid of the garden debris accumulated over the summer, feed and prepare the plants for a long cold winter. apple tree care autumn months very important. In fact, this is a whole complex of various events, the main purpose of which is to help the tree survive the winter months, in addition, providing a reserve of strength for the next year. Many, especially beginner gardeners, due to ignorance or lack of experience in this matter, are limited to banal watering of their orchard, sometimes applying mineral fertilizers and digging the soil around the trees. But it is worth knowing that proper care behind an apple tree in autumn and preparation for winter can solve several problems at once:

- harden the tree and increase winter hardiness;

- promote high yield and improved fruit quality.

When should I start preparing apple trees for winter?

There are no specific deadlines in this matter, and you can start the harvesting procedure, but there is general rules which should be targeted. Main and main- be in time before the onset of strong and long-term frosts. That is, having taken up pruning or watering apple trees in early November (for middle lane Russia) you risk not only severely damaging the tree, but also ruining it completely. Each time has its own list of activities. Conversely, if you live in the southern regions of the country, the deadlines are always shifted forward by a month.

Focus on the following work plan:

- harvesting;

- watering and autumn feeding of apple trees in winter;

- preparing the soil under the tree for winter;

— pruning and processing of trees from pests;

- whitewashing the trunks with lime and protecting the apple tree from rodents and frost.

After picking the fruit, be sure to collect all the "carrion", and also remove spoiled and rotten apples from the branches, this will protect the tree from the development of fungus and the spread of pathogenic bacteria. Doesn't hurt either protective treatment wood with a solution of urea.

Watering apple trees in autumn

Watering is done before the onset of severe frosts, and not late autumn. The best months for this are the end of September and the beginning of October. For one mature tree on average, it takes at least 6 buckets of water. This amount of liquid is enough to wet the soil to a depth of 60 centimeters. If your tree has not yet fruited, and is under 3 years old, then 2-3 buckets of water will suffice. Watering a young apple tree must be completed no later than mid-August.

Autumn top dressing of apple trees in winter

Watering the plant is desirable to combine with top dressing. mineral fertilizers. This will support the apple tree during the period of winter cold and lack of nutrition. How to fertilize an apple tree before winter? At autumn feeding apple trees, nitrogenous fertilizers will not work. You need potassium and phosphorus. Can be used already ready mixes, or buy Superphosphate and any other potash fertilizers (potassium sulfate).

The proportions are usually as follows:

For 1m / sq. soil use 100g potash fertilizers and superphosphate. Compost in the amount of 5 kg is also perfect. Fertilizers are applied along with watering, or if you are late and have already watered the trees, then top dressing can be applied along with digging the soil. In no case should you apply nitrogenous fertilizers, since by fertilizing an apple tree with them before winter, you risk weakening the plant and reducing its frost resistance.

Preparing the soil under the apple tree for winter

You need to dig the ground under the apple tree after you have cleared the area of ​​foliage and other plant debris. For digging, a shovel or a fork is usually used. When digging the ground around the trunk, make sure that the bayonet does not sink vertically into the ground, but is parallel to it, as if loosening the soil around the tree to a depth of about 20 cm. You can already dig up the ground around the tree to a full bayonet and deeper. Peat, humus, or manure or sawdust is well suited for soil mulching.

Preparing the apple tree for winter: cutting branches

After all of the above procedures, you can proceed to pruning branches. First of all, this operation is of hygienic importance - it is necessary to protect the apple tree from the reproduction of fungus and various microorganisms that coexist perfectly on dead, diseased and broken tree branches. For pruning, you can use a pruner, or if the branches are thick, a hacksaw. Try to saw off the branches as evenly as possible, avoiding damage to the bark. After that, treat the cuts and other wounds with a solution of copper sulfate and cover with garden pitch. Pruning is best done in warm, dry weather. Colds contribute to the appearance of brittle branches and bark, and pruning in this case can lead to the death of the tree.

Processing the trunk of an apple tree includes, first of all, the fight against tree moss and lichens. AT a small amount they are not dangerous, but have the ability to quickly spread to other parts of the tree. Plastic spatulas are well suited to remove such manifestations. Do not use metal objects to remove moss. It will only damage the bark. You can treat cracks with garden pitch. After cleaning the trunk and branches of the apple tree, treat the tree with a weak solution of copper sulfate.

Autumn processing of apple trees from pests

Any tree is a tidbit for various pests, such as bugs and aphids. Take a close look at the tree. Special attention devote to dead bark and cracks - these are the favorite places of pests. Finding insects, remove them along with the old bark and destroy.

For prevention, treat the tree with urea, a solution of copper sulphate (300g per 1 bucket of water), or special pesticides. Fungicides are good for these purposes. After that, you can start whitewashing.

How to whitewash apple tree trunks in autumn

Whitewashing trees should be done only in dry sunny weather.

Usually the following mixture is used for this:

• 500g copper sulphate
• 3 kg of slaked lime
• 10 liters of water

The resulting composition should be mixed well and applied to the trunk and lower branches of the apple tree (as high as possible). If desired, a similar solution can be purchased at a gardening store or on the market. All this will protect the tree from pests, rodents and the winter sun, which can cause serious burns to the delicate bark of the apple tree.

Protection of the apple tree for the winter from rodents

Hares and mice - main enemy cultural plantings throughout the long winter. If you don't take care of it in time reliable protection from rodents, you can not only lose good seedlings, but also to lose adult fruit-bearing apple trees.

Suitable for tree protection

• Ruberoid;
• Tol;
• Grid tspvs (expanded);
• Synthetic fabric folded in several layers;
• Thick cardboard;
• Spruce or pine paws.

You should especially take care of young apple trees wintering for the first time. Blacks also help well against hares. plastic bags tied to the branches of a tree. In the wind, they rustle loudly, thereby scaring off oblique ones.

Be sure to follow all the above steps, and then your apple tree will not only winter well, but will also delight you with a rich harvest of fragrant fruits next summer.