Insulated timber: types. Assembly of a box from a profile insulated beam

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Insulated timber - not expensive and quite interesting construction material. Of course, this is not new construction market, it can be called one of the varieties. New in it is the effect that is obtained by combining the materials used for production.

They make it using the same technology as the sandwich panel. It has three layers: insulation (polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, foam glass) and two-sided wood cladding. From the inside, they are pulled together with jumpers from the same tree, which makes them stronger.

The panels are smooth, there are no microcracks. When finishing the facade with insulated timber, no special preliminary preparation, you can do without it.

We get not only the advantages of timber houses, but also insulation. The use of insulated profiled timber in construction provides the building with warmth and reliability, and heating costs are significantly reduced.

In terms of thermal conductivity, the insulated timber is 3 times higher than the usual one. The walls, thanks to the exact connection according to the tenon-groove principle, will not have cold bridges.

Another plus when using insulated beams is that they are almost half as light as conventional ones. wooden materials, for example 1 sq.m. standard timber size 150 x 150 will weigh about 74 kg, and 1 sq.m of insulated - 40 kg.

: a reinforced foundation is not required, a shallow foundation is enough. from this material "breathes" because all layers of the structure are vapor-permeable and breathable.

Which filler is best

Polyurethane foam and expanded polystyrene are heat insulators with excellent heat saving performance. Disadvantage - when heated strongly, it is released a large number of harmful substances, but they themselves do not burn.

Foam glass (foam glass crumb) material is not combustible and does not emit harmful gases. Although an insulated beam with such a heater will cost more than with insulation made of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.

Advantages

• warmer than usual 3 times;
• economical - heating costs are 2.5 times less;
• durable, this is achieved due to transverse wooden lintels;
• absence of microcracks on the front surface;
• additional finishing is not required;
• house shrinkage will not exceed 1%;
• lightweight - quick and easy installation;
• you can save on the foundation.

Building a house from this material will cost 1.5 times cheaper than a house built from a conventional one.

Watch the video: Building a house from insulated timber

Insulated timber is a new solution in low-rise construction. What it is? Where did this come from? And is it worth using? We will try to answer these and other questions in our article.

At present, the world market for wooden low-rise construction established many traditions that have been improved over the centuries. And, it would seem, what else can be changed in existing technologies? But the human mind is always improving, and the arrangement of one's home is one of its most important needs, so new solutions to eternal problems are found.

The first solution to the problem and the beginning of a new direction in construction was insulated laminated timber, which revolutionized this area and gradually took a leading position. When this material ceased to surprise everyone, a new product appeared, which we will talk about further.

To begin with, let's figure out whether it was worth inventing something new, because the tree itself is not a bad heat insulator anyway. Yes, this is true, but this thermal insulation is not always enough to meet modern stringent requirements and standards. So potential buyer one has to make a choice between the environmental friendliness of wooden houses, and the energy efficiency of frame houses.

To resolve this difficult choice, a profiled insulated glued beam was developed, which, combining the properties sandwich - slabs and glued beams began to gradually take a leading position in the market. This began to happen due not only to the appearance similar to glued beams, but to a greater extent due to thermal insulation characteristics, which are several times superior to it.

Distinctive features of the insulated beam

In order to find out what the superiority of this beam over others is, it is enough to find out what the wall thickness is required from one or another building material in order to achieve the requirements of SNiP II-3-79:

• insulated profiled timber 150 mm;
• glued laminated timber 350 mm;
• brick wall 1700 mm;
• foam concrete wall - 880 mm;
• wooden wall - 450 mm.

In addition, this building material is much more energy efficient, since for comparison it is almost 2 times lighter than solid timber. Thanks to this, the work of builders with their own hands is facilitated, the process of installation work is accelerated. It also allows you to save money by using a not very deep foundation. Reinforced concrete foundation can be replaced with a foundation using screw piles, which also affects the timing and cost, since its price is rather low.

Savings are also expressed in the reduction of heating costs, almost 3 times, but at the same time the walls are vapor and breathable, which favorably affects the atmosphere of the whole house.

The method of construction is also simplified. Since all elements of connections and selections for doors, windows and openings are made directly at the factory. As a result, the customer has a designer and instructions for assembling a house. The instruction is quite simple, so qualified construction teams and special equipment are not required, but only 2-3 people are enough.

There is no need for additional works internal and exterior finish Houses. Since the wood is processed on special woodworking machines at the manufacturer's factory.

Types of insulated glued beams

There are several types of insulated timber, which differ in type thermal insulation material, as well as by the type of the beam design itself.

Thermal insulation material

• Polyurethane foam ().

This material has not a bad set of positive properties. So, for example, a fairly low coefficient of thermal conductivity. When using it, the entire volume of the timber frame is filled, and the possibility of the formation of cold bridges is also reduced. But along with the advantages, there is also a disadvantage. This material has low vapor permeability, because of this, when designing a building, you need to take care of the presence effective system ventilation.

• Ecowool (cellulose).

The advantages of this insulation lies in its rather high thermal insulation characteristics, as well as in relative cheapness, which affects the cost of the insulated timber itself. But when using this material, the possibility of exposure to rodents increases. It is also necessary to use special equipment, which increases the time of construction work.

The design of the insulated profiled timber

• Single chamber timber

The design of such a bar consists of two boards, which are connected by jumpers every 500 mm. The frame of this type is in most cases filled with polyurethane foam, which ensures the "solidity" of the used timber.

This type The design is in many respects similar to the design of a single-chamber timber. But there is an important difference. Its frame is separated by longitudinal bridges, in addition to horizontal ones, which form separate honeycombs closed on all sides. They are filled with the selected insulation. This type of construction device significantly increases the characteristics of a single-chamber beam, but at the same time the cost of such a material also increases.

An example of assembling a box from a profile insulated beam

• Having selected and installed the foundation according to the project, we install anchor bolts at a given distance.

Note! Do not forget to take into account that the type of fastening of anchor bolts varies according to the type of foundation. This division is made to strengthen the structure.

For a foundation of screw piles, anchor bolts are attached as shown in the diagram:

Let's start right away with determining the true state of affairs. A combined insulated timber is not a timber - it is, simply put, two or more boards with insulation between them, resulting in a puff cake that looks like a timber. That's all.

By and large, buildings from it are an analogue of prefabricated panel buildings, in which there is a quite decent and beautiful outer shell, insulation in one or more layers, vapor protection, and no less durable and environmentally friendly the inner layer. Sandwich technology in modern construction, this instruction is devoted to it.

About types and materials

Type of heater:

• Polyurethane foam, a material in which positive sides balanced with negatives. Judge for yourself, the insulation practically creates a monolith, which eliminates the formation of cold bridges, and, consequently, heat loss, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is low, which allows you to create a reliable thermos - warm house. And let's not forget about reverse side medals: PPU does not let steam through, and therefore requires additional ventilation and not just passive, but supply and exhaust;
• Ecowool with special impregnations , cheap and with good thermal insulation, but you can’t lay it with your own hands, special units are required, and it is also necessary to provide protection from mice and other rodents, this is especially true during construction country houses or non-residential buildings.

According to the design of the "layer cake":

• Single chamber product. These are two boards, in the middle there is a heater, for the strength of the whole structure, the insulated glued beam has jumpers from the same board with a step of half a meter, the voids are filled with a heater;
• In the batch analogue, the number of layers is greater and the cells are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, which completely eliminates the possibility of the formation of cold bridges. The price of bags will be somewhat higher than that of single-chamber counterparts, although the choice of insulation will also play an important role in pricing.

What is good, and is it necessary

Initially, the good message of the developers was understandable and justified enough.

The main objectives of the invention of these bars were:

• Reducing the cost of building houses or other structures;
• Acceleration of the laying process, and, consequently, the deadlines for the completion of the object;
• Obtaining a finished, insulated puff with preservation appearance the entire building;
• Ample opportunities for architectural fantasies.

Well, now let's compare and think:

• Yes, indeed, glued laminated timber is much warmer than its predecessor and is unlikely to need additional thermal insulation. But do not forget that under the influence of temporary and various external factors heaters can lose their properties, but replacing it becomes a very problematic issue, because, in fact, it is necessary to sort out the whole house;
• The appearance of the buildings, of course, will be on top, outdoor board is chosen in such a way that neither its structure nor its quality;
• The material itself is light, lighter than a conventional designer. This allows you to save on two things: on the construction of the foundation, you can abandon the heavy strip foundation and use metal piles with a monolithic grillage, as well as at the speed of building a structure;
• Although the economic aspect is in last place in our hit parade, it does not take the last place in the general comparative calculations. Given the real savings on the foundation + no need for additional insulation, a house made of insulated timber will be cheaper than its monolithic counterpart.

And yet the traditional fly in the ointment:

• Houses made of insulated glued beams are classified as "non-breathing", since they will not let steam through;
• The second aspect, which cannot be called pleasant, is the quality of the products themselves. Often, in a batch of goods, it is necessary to carry out a piece-by-piece check of products.

Construction - high quality and fast

Houses made of insulated timber are really assembled as constructors, and although there is no single assembly standard, a turnkey house of 120 square meters can really be assembled in a month and a half.

The assembly itself takes place in several stages:

1. The first stage is the foundation. We have already mentioned the type of foundation, but the fact is that we have not made an amendment to the project. It all depends on whether you will make a cellar, underground parking or not, what is the condition of the soil and the level of groundwater.

For each of the proposed tasks, there is independent decision. The pile option was proposed as an alternative in the absence of underground facilities, however, this does not prevent you from building a tape monolith or installing reinforced concrete blocks as a foundation underground garage. A house with a relatively light cube of material will weigh no more than 300 kg, so the foundation can also be used lightweight.

1. Stage two laying the first bars and docking. If the grillage is set according to all the rules, then it is enough to lay the insulation and set the timber with the smooth side down, securing it with special studs. The laying of subsequent layers and the fastening of the bars to each other occurs with the help of dowels, while fixing is carried out in increments of 50 cm to 1 m, height up to 5 levels.

Advice! Laying interventional insulation is required because internal insulation guarantees protection only in its sector.

1. The third stage is no less important than the previous two, this is the installation of a screed on the crowns of the bars. For these purposes, a strap tape is used that operates in the temperature range from -60 to +80 degrees Celsius, which is quite elastic (under the influence of temperatures it can stretch by 15%, with a subsequent return to the original source).

In addition, the product absolutely does not respond to sunlight, aggression environment. This tape avoids additional processing package and thus reduce the cost of the entire building.

Interesting to know! Initially, the puff consisted of two boards 40 mm wide and with a gap between them of the same thickness, the total size of the product was 120 mm (that is, the parameter of a standard beam). Currently, products have appeared on the market in which the thickness of the cavities has increased from 40 to 100 mm, while the well-proven mineral wool with various impregnations.

Considering the total number of layers, the location of the chambers with insulation at the output, a sufficiently warm beam up to 430 mm is obtained, capable of erecting a warm structure in almost any climate zone. The buyer is the owner double benefit: the first - we have a serious insulated wall beam, the second - the price is acceptable.

1. Fourth stage - installation of doors and windows. There are several options for the development of events. The first option is to install openings for standard doors and windows. The second option is to ignore the standards, and proceed from personal tastes and expediency.

Both the first and second options are possible with such construction. The openings between the beams are closed with special furniture panels, which are impregnated and guaranteed to last without deformation until the installation of windows and doors. Which, by the way, can be installed immediately after covering the structure with a roof.

1. Fifth stage - work with overlaps. In this case, we mean floors and ceilings. Most best option for the floors reinforced screed concrete. This is a guarantee of evenness, and support, and protection from rodents.

Already on this pillow, you can lay beams in increments of 40 to 60 cm and lay rough and finishing floors, with a sufficient width of the screed, you can think of a system of underfloor heating, laying insulation and any coating, from parquet to laminate, linoleum and other materials.

For fixing the structure of the roof and ceiling in top floor a bar with a section of 200x100 mm is used. How to insulate the ceiling and what material to arrange - decide for yourself, both drywall and plywood are suitable here and decorative ceilings, including stretch, insulation of ceilings is required.

1. Sixth stage - installation of the roof. How do you see an insulated house made of timber, with flat roof or tent, with one slope or several, all this can be done. The roof is installed in the same way as in any other house.

What do manufacturers promise?

And they promise 50 years of a calm and carefree life, which is a lot for such a house, but besides this, the following positions are stated:

• In such houses it is warm in winter and comfortable in summer;
• Promised savings in energy and financial costs for heating (figures from 70% and above sound, but if real savings is 50% is already good);
• The board is not subject to deformation and drying out. She passed chamber drying and processing with special compounds;
• Projects of houses from the warmed bar have no borders. Any options are allowed;
• The construction of the structure is faster than even the usual wooden house(which will still need to be insulated);
• This development allows you to save wood, and, consequently, reduce the cost of products and reduce the cost of construction.

Finally

Many potential owners country house they see it as wooden - it just so happened that building materials made of wood are traditional for our country. But time does not stand still - technology develops along with it. Preserve the natural "wooden" appearance of the house, while reducing its cost and improving heat specifications- approximately such a task was faced by the inventors of the packaged timber. What came of it? Read about it in our short article about packaged beams.

What is a package beam

A package, or, as it is also called, a cassette beam is a building material consisting of several elements: three boards, inserts from bars and a heater that fills artificially created cavities. Such a multilayer structure, in theory, should provide optimal mode operation, both for wall material and for people living in the house. Approximately the same technology is used to build houses from double beam. The difference is that in the first case, the fastening of the boards is carried out thanks to the cups, and the package beam additionally has fixation with the help of lavsan couplers. Foam glass (granulated glass), ecowool (waste paper recycling product), mineral wool, etc. can be used as a heater. In fact, the final price and characteristics of the package beam depend on the type of insulation used.

Benefits of using package timber

• No need for additional insulation (no need to think about how to insulate a house from a bar, etc.) and finishing (planed boards of the front parts have an attractive appearance).
• Use environmentally clean materials, which are part of the packaged timber, the absence of adhesive joints (as opposed to insulated glued timber).
• Minimize the effects of wall shrinkage.
• Savings on the foundation due to the relatively small mass of the log house.
• Short construction time.
• Comparable low price on the package beam.

Some nuances

• Difficulties in building with your own hands.
• Problems during repair work.
• Absence real reviews people who built a house using "package" technology.

About the prices for packaged timber

Prices for a cube of packaged timber are in the range of 12,000-13,000 rubles. At this cost square meter a log house will cost 4500-5000 rubles. or from 12,000 rubles. per square meter for turnkey construction.

30.01.2016

Insulated timber is an innovative development in the field of low-rise construction. What is it, where did it come from and can it be used at all? This, as well as many other things, will be discussed in today's article.

Features and characteristics of insulated timber

First, you should figure out whether it was necessary to invent anything at all, because wood, as you know, is already an effective heat insulator in itself. In fact, this is exactly the case, but such thermal insulation is far from always enough to meet strict modern norms and standards. For this reason, consumers have to choose: sustainability wooden houses or the efficiency of frame construction.

To solve this difficult dilemma, a profiled type insulated beam was created, which is successful combination glued laminated timber and slab sandwich. Over time, this material began to gain more and more popularity, not only because of the striking visual resemblance to the usual glued laminated timber, but also because of the high thermal insulation properties, superior to analogues at times.

To find out exactly what this superiority consists of, one need only find out what is minimum thickness walls when using one or another building material to comply with the norms of SNiP.

SNiP II-3-79. Construction heat engineering. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).

Let's compare these indicators for different materials.

1. At wooden wall it's 45 centimeters.
2. Glued timber has 35 centimeters.
3. At the wall made of foam concrete, it is as much as 88 centimeters.
4. At the brick wall - 170 centimeters.
5. The profiled insulated timber has only 15 centimeters.

Moreover, the described material has a higher energy efficiency, since its mass is about half that of, say, a bar from an array. This makes it easier installation work, yes and manufacturing process noticeably accelerates. Finally, the use of insulated timber makes it possible to save some money, because an overly deep base is not required here. The base of reinforced concrete is quite interchangeable with the foundation on screw piles, which will positively affect both the cost of construction and its duration.

Table number 1. Product Comparison

Additional savings are achieved by reducing heating costs (more than three times), although the air and vapor permeability of the walls at this time remains quite high, which means that the atmosphere in the house will be more comfortable. The construction technology itself is also simplified, because all the connecting elements, selections, door and window openings are still produced at the plant. As a result, the buyer receives a "constructor" with instructions for assembling it. There is nothing complicated in the instructions itself, therefore, neither qualified specialists nor expensive special equipment will be required for construction - two or three assistants are quite enough.

It is also worth noting that the insulated timber avoids finishing works both outside and inside the house. The fact is that the tree is processed at the factory with the help of special woodworking equipment.

Video - Insulated timber

How to insulate a bath from the inside

Earlier we talked about how to insulate a bathhouse from the inside and what materials should be used, in addition to this article, we advise you to read this information

Strengths and weaknesses of insulated timber

So, we found out that houses made according to the technology described in the article are reliable and heat-proof, which reduces heating costs. Let's get acquainted with the main advantages of the material. For the convenience of users, they are all presented in the form of a small table.

Table number 2. Strengths insulated timber

As for the shortcomings of the described timber, it is worth mentioning only the degree of vapor permeability - although it is not bad, it is still lower than that of a traditional solid wood. For this reason, when constructing residential buildings from this material, it should be without fail Provide good ventilation.

Video - Production of insulated timber

Varieties of glued insulated timber

Insulated timber is produced in several varieties at once, having different technical characteristics. Moreover, even the design of the beam itself may differ in this case.

Let's start with the fact that thermal insulation material can be different.

Option number 1. polyurethane foam

This heater has impressive advantages. For example, it has a relatively low thermal conductivity. If polyurethane foam is used for insulation, then the entire volume of the frame is completely filled, thereby reducing the risk of the formation of so-called cold bridges. Nevertheless, there are also disadvantages, more precisely, there is only one - we are talking about a low vapor permeability, and therefore, at the design stage, it is necessary to provide for a high-quality ventilation system.

Option number 2. Ecowool

This material, also known as cellulose, is impregnated with antiseptic agents during production, and it also effectively retains thermal energy and is pretty cheap. In order to reduce the volume of ecowool (and also for the purpose of more convenient transportation), the material is pressed three times, as a result of which its density reaches 110 kilograms per cubic meter. Immediately before use, it is fluffed up in a bucket or any other container using an electric drill with a mixer nozzle, after which the volume increases to its previous size (that is, it grows three times).

Note! In the process of fluffing, a huge amount of dust is generated, and therefore a person must use a respirator without fail.

In the course of warming, not only a team of workers may be required, but also special equipment. After all with bare hands, especially in large volumes, it is impossible to lay it (sometimes, in principle, it is possible, but this is very uneconomical). At the end of laying, ecowool should be left for several days: due to contact with moisture in the air in a dissolved state, the outer layer of the material will harden and a crust will form. Actually, this is how a warm bar is formed.

It is worth noting that there is also a classification of insulated timber according to design features. Here it is also divided into two types, let's get acquainted with them.

Option number 1. Single chamber bars

From a constructive point of view, this kind of beam consists of a pair of boards interconnected by special jumpers in increments of 50 centimeters. As a rule, such frames are filled with polyurethane foam insulation, due to which the beams ready for use become “solid”.

Option number 2. Package bars

In fact, structures of this type are not much different from the bars that were described above. Although at least one important difference still takes place. In this case, we are talking about a frame, which is divided not only by horizontal jumpers, but also by vertical ones, in connection with which, inside the structure, it is as if honeycombs are created, comprehensively closed. These cells must be filled with the previously selected insulation material. Yes, the use of a batch technique significantly increases performance characteristics timber, but at the same time the cost of the product also increases.

Important points that sellers may not say!

Actually, there are only two such moments, let's get acquainted with them.

1. Today, insulated timber is often produced in low quality. Therefore, immediately before construction, you will have to check each product separately.
2. It will be stuffy in a house made of such building material, since it (the house) will turn out to be completely airtight.

Manufacturing features

The procedure for manufacturing insulated glued laminated timber looks something like this: first of all, the boards are placed in a special dryer and brought to a moisture index of no more than 12 percent, then special elements are made from them - lamellas with inserts. If we talk about lamellas, then this is a pair of long boards, located parallel to each other, fastened together by means of special fasteners (it is known as " dovetail”) with one step or another.

It turns out that identical cavities are formed between these boards, in which, as noted above, insulation material will be placed during installation.

To give the products the profile required according to the technology, a special four-sided planing machine is used. And in view of the fact that the heat insulator will evenly shrink / bulge during installation, it will not be able to penetrate through the seams in the beams - this is precisely what ensures the final external characteristics both inside and out (we are talking about the fact that a house made of such a beam looks like completely wooden building).

Note! If desired, the developer may well use combined timber- this is if one part is made of wood more than High Quality, and therefore more attractive in terms of aesthetics.

The technology of building a building from insulated timber

The procedure consists of several stages, we will get acquainted with each of them in more detail.

Stage 1. Foundation

We have already talked about this, but a lot depends on the specific project (for example, a house may have basement), soil features and depth groundwater. In each case, it must be taken individual solution. If there is no basement, then construction is possible pile foundation, otherwise it is preferable to resort to reinforced concrete or a tape monolith.

A house from such a bar will weigh a little. On average, a meter of a cubic building will exert a load of no more than 300 kilograms on the base, which means that the foundation itself in this case can be light.

Stage 2. Assembly of the box from the described timber

After the construction of the foundation is completed, you can proceed with the installation of anchor bolts with the distances provided for by the project. It is worth remembering that for each type of foundation, its own type of fastening of such anchors is selected. Due to this separation, the strength future design will rise noticeably.

So, if the base is made on screw piles, then the anchors should be fixed in the way shown in this diagram.

In case of application strip base, flooded concrete mortar, anchors should be attached a little differently - something like this.

Further actions should be carried out according to the following algorithm.

Step 1. After installing the anchor bolts, an insulating material is laid on top of the base.

Step 3. Then the bottom layer of the structure is installed. For this, profiled boards are used (they are also called backing boards), which should be put on the studs mentioned above.

Step 4. The insulated timber, in which the grooves are made, must be laid on the board. Tellingly, the pin should be a guide.

Step 6. On top of the upper beam of the box, it is also necessary to lay a profile board. Only after that the beam is attracted with a nut.

Stage 3. Mounting the screed on the crowns

Next, on the crowns of the bars, it is necessary to equip the ties. For this, thermal tape should be used, which is able to withstand critical temperatures (from minus 60 to plus 80 degrees). Under the influence of operating temperatures, such a tape is able to stretch somewhat (by about 15 percent), and then return to its original dimensions. What is characteristic, the thermal tape does not react in any way to the sun's rays, as well as to aggressive climatic factors (snow, subzero temperature, rain, etc.). Finally, thanks to this tape, you can do without finishing the beams, which means that construction costs will be lower.

Stage 4. Windows, doors

When installing these integral elements, it should be remembered that they can be standard dimensions, and made according to individual sketches. Thanks to the use of puff timber, you may well resort to both the first and second options. Here, special furniture boards which will prevent the walls from warping until the windows/doors are finally installed. These shields should be installed immediately after the roof of the house is built.

Stage 5. Overlays

As for the floor, it is preferable to make it concrete, with a reinforcing steel mesh. So the surface will turn out to be even, and the rodents will not be afraid. Beams are laid on top of the screed (the step should be 0.6 meters), and then the floors themselves are laid. If desired, you can equip the "warm floor" system (provided that the screed is thick enough for this) or install additional thermal insulation.

The roof frame is fastened with a beam having a section of 10x20 centimeters. There are many ways to insulate the roof, as well as its decoration (plywood, drywall and others), you can choose any, the main thing is not to forget that the ceilings must be insulated without fail.

Stage 6. Roof

At the end, a roof is installed, but this is a topic for a separate article.

Video - Assembling a building from insulated timber