What kind of fertilizer to feed blackcurrants in the fall. Application of liquid fertilizers
It is possible to provide the plant with optimal growth and development rates, as well as increase the degree of yield with the help of correct and timely feeding. Nowadays, there are many tools that can be used. Feeding currants is a simple matter, but it requires a competent approach.
This extremely rich in vitamins berries can be found in almost every area. However, only experienced gardeners know why and how to feed currant bushes. The plant is quite unpretentious and bears fruit, content with minimal care. But lack of fertilizer improper watering and other agrotechnical measures greatly affect the degree of yield and its quality.
At first, the plant has enough top dressing made at planting, especially for the red and white varieties. But over time, the number of berries decreases, and the fruits themselves lose their presentation, become smaller and become less tasty. Then the bush gradually ceases to develop and start up new young shoots. As a result, he is transplanted.
All this can be avoided by regularly making seasonal top dressing. With a simple scheme, you can achieve an increase in yield and improve taste characteristics. In addition, a plant that receives all the necessary nutrients becomes more resistant to adverse conditions. weather conditions and diseases.
Application rules
Few people know that currant varieties differ not only general characteristics bushes and fruits, but also the specifics of top dressing. Next, you will learn about the rules for fertilizing red and black currants.
For red and white
Top dressing of red currant is greatly facilitated by the fact that it is undemanding to soil fertility. Light soils with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction are best suited. An important point is that it is sensitive to chlorine, so it is recommended to replace it with potassium sulfate or wood ash. Spring top dressing is very important, thanks to it it is possible to achieve an increase in the degree of yield so much that it exceeds the performance of blackcurrant.
Since this variety loves moisture, it is better to feed the bush with liquid fertilizers or apply along with watering. In April, the plant is watered abundantly and urea is applied. In early summer, diluted manure or bird droppings are perfect. Also in the summer, special fertilizers enriched with microelements are applied: boric acid, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate, diluted in small doses in a large amount of water. Leaves are treated with this solution.
The last time the bush is fed in early October with a mixture of organic and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. You can also use a fruit and vegetable mix. Winter feeding is not required at all. Introduced during the warm period useful substances last until spring. Similarly, you can feed and white currant. With the exception of summer processing with microelements, which is carried out if necessary.
For black
The blackcurrant feeding scheme variably includes several more stages - earlier and later. There are five main stages in total:
- in the spring, during the swelling of the kidneys. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are applied. Periodically (once every couple of years), potassium and phosphorus can be added;
- after the end of flowering. Similar types of top dressing are used, as in the first stage. However, it should be taken into account that it is not worth abusing nitrogen products, an excess can affect productivity and significantly weaken immunity. It is best to use mineral and organic fertilizers in equal amounts;
- the period of ovary and fruiting. It is recommended to give preference to organic and potassium-phosphorus complexes;
- end of summer, after harvest. Best fit complex top dressing, including not a large number of nitrogen;
- late fall. Potassium and phosphorus, which increase the immunity of the plant and are responsible for strengthening the rhizome.
How to feed blackcurrant at each stage can be determined by appearance bush and its fruiting.
How to fertilize
A wide variety of different top dressings can be a problem for an inexperienced gardener who can puzzle over how to fertilize currants so as not to harm her. The easiest way is to use the scheme and focus on complex specialized mixtures.
Without any problems, you can buy a liquid or granular mixture for a certain stage and fertilize the bush, following the instructions. You can use folk recipes and gardening experience. So, a large amount of nitrogen contains manure, compost and bird droppings. Bird droppings and manure are diluted with water and applied in liquid form, compost and humus can be used to mulch the soil.
Complex fertilizers can be replaced with available products: wood ash, starch and grain fertilizers. These products are diluted or infused in water and brought under the bush. Since starch is slowly and incompletely absorbed, if possible, it is better to replace it with a tincture of potato peels. Such currant fertilizers are available to everyone.
Special dressing
There are also specific fertilizers that make it much easier to feed currants than self-cooked ones. They are sold in ready-made, powder or granular form with instructions for use.
Top dressing with phosphate fertilizers
This type is usually introduced after harvest or in the fall, since the main element requires long time for assimilation. In a few months, the subcortex turns into a soil-retaining complex and by the summer begins to fully work. A certain kind of phosphorus complexes - fats that contain fast-acting compounds - are also applied in the spring. There are several popular varieties of fertilizer.
On the different stages The plant requires a potassium supplement. For currants, this is spring and autumn. The best option is the introduction of potassium fertilizers: potassium nitrate, nitrophoska, ammophosphate. However, it is impossible to feed the bush “by eye”, a certain dose and application scheme is needed.
It should be recalled that for currants, chlorine-containing preparations should be replaced with ash. It should also be taken into account that potassium increases the acidity of the soil, so calcium and lime must be added in parallel. For chernozems, potassium can be applied without fear negative consequences due to the alkaline reaction.
Liquid top dressing
Berry crops, including currants, are better absorbed nutrients in liquid form. Therefore, almost any fertilizer should be dissolved in water, otherwise it will not be absorbed. Dissolve both organic and mineral fertilizers. The norm is the introduction of top dressing per 10 liters of water.
For any type of fertilizer, not only the time of top dressing is important, but also its quantity. Otherwise, you can lose the crop or "burn" the plant. Therefore, you should not engage in amateur activities, it is better to use the recommendations and instructions.
Video "Feeding currants after flowering"
From this video you will learn how to properly fertilize currants after flowering.
The root systems of currant bushes are located near the surface, and the reserves of useful substances in them are quickly exhausted. Therefore, plants need to be fertilized. It is extremely important that currants are fed in the fall, when the crop is already harvested and the crop is being prepared for winter.
Importance of autumn nutrition
Nutrition for spring from autumn is the key to active fruiting of shrubs. If top dressing is not applied in a timely manner, it will be difficult for the plants to endure frosts and the gardener can not count on a rich harvest. When choosing a nutrient solution, it is extremely important to consider biological rhythms currants and need fruit and berry bushes in certain trace elements autumn period.
Biorhythms of berry bushes in autumn
After the harvest is over, the period of formation of new fruit buds begins. At the same time, the nutrients in the soil have already been consumed in the process of shrub development and fruit ripening, and the formation of new berries mainly occurs on young shoots. Without autumn feeding therefore not to be missed. Without additional application of nutrients, it will be difficult for plants to survive the cold season.
The more nutrients the shrub absorbs into itself, the easier it is for it to withstand severe frosts. Only if the stems reach desired thickness, the bush will be protected from negative external influences.
Autumn needs of currants
The introduction of nutrients is necessary, first of all, so that the shrubs can winter well and actively bear fruit next season. Nitrogen fertilizers are not used during this period. In order to improve the process of ripening shoots, the soil is saturated with phosphorus. In addition, in the autumn there is a need for currants in potassium. With a sufficient amount of these elements in the soil, plants become frost-resistant and quickly begin to grow with the onset of spring.
Feeding times
Fertilizing currants in the fall should be carried out according to a specific schedule. First deposit useful elements It is recommended to carry out immediately after harvesting - back in September. Additional top dressing is needed in the middle of autumn. It will also be useful to use compost or humus already in November. This is due to the fact that their decomposition takes about three months and the bush will receive the substances necessary for growth in the spring, when it wakes up after winter.
How to fertilize currants in the fall
In order to perform top dressing correctly and not lead to the death of currant bushes with its help, it is necessary to observe not only technical standards but also use fertilizers, needed by plants precisely during this period.
organic
Of course, it will not be possible to do without mineral fertilizers, but you can also feed currants in the fall with organic matter. At the same time, the condition of the soil and the shrubs themselves will improve significantly.
Manure
Most often, manure is used as a fertilizer. Instead, compost can be used, but only High Quality. Wherein trunk circle plants are mulched using a useful substance per bush near a bucket. In order for the effect to be stable, an additional solution is added to the soil, prepared from a couple of tablespoons of superphosphate and ten liters of water.
It can also be used as a fertilizer chicken manure. It is applied dry during the digging process, spending about a kilogram on each bush. You can prepare a special solution in a ratio of 1:15 with water.
If the litter is added to the soil in a dry form, it is extremely important to ensure that digging is carried out on half a shovel bayonet (within 12-15 centimeters). Top dressing is mixed with the ground with great care. Otherwise, the plant will get burns caused by direct contact of the root systems with the fertilizer.
To enhance the effect, after a short period of time, a mixture of 20 grams of potassium sulfate and 40 grams of superphosphate in dry form is added under the bushes to the near-trunk circle. It is allowed to prepare a solution based on these components. To do this, the nutrient mixture is diluted in a bucket of water.
Mineral fertilizers
Autumn top dressing of currants with the use of mineral fertilizers is best option preparing plants for winter. These manipulations can be in the following way:
- Buy ammophos, which consists of more than fifty percent of phosphorus. Dilute 40 grams of the drug in ten liters of water. To obtain a solution of a homogeneous consistency, the agent is initially dissolved in a small amount of hot liquid. Immediately place the pellets in cold water not recommended, as the process of their dissolution will be very problematic.
- Add to the prepared solution wood ash. This component will need about a glass per bucket of liquid. The mixture is stirred immediately.
- Now it remains only to fertilize each shrub with two liters of the prepared product, loosen the soil and mulch. On the surface, the formation of a crust should eventually occur.
Ammophos 
wood ash
As a liquid top dressing, which can also be applied to the soil in the autumn, there is a solution based on the following components:
- 10 grams of saltpeter or urea;
- 10 liters of water;
- 20 grams of potassium sulfate (instead it is allowed to use the same amount of potassium sulfide);
- 20 grams of superphosphate.
In the case of fertilizing young plants, it is enough to pour only a couple of liters of the prepared liquid under each of the bushes. For adult shrubs, this amount of funds is not enough and you will need about half a bucket. After making the soil, be sure to loosen and mulch. The procedure is considered complete when a crust forms on the ground.
In order for the nutrients to be as close as possible to the root systems, it is recommended to dig holes up to a depth of 30 centimeters at a distance of 30-40 centimeters from the center of the crown. Top dressing is poured directly into these recesses, which are immediately dug in after that.
There is an even simpler way to provide currants with useful substances - special fertilizer complexes. They include such necessary elements like potassium and phosphorus.
Their only drawback is considered to be enough high price. For this reason, such drugs are not very popular.
Currant, like many others garden plants, needs to be saturated with nutrients in the autumn. To obtain big harvest berries in the next season, it is extremely important to prepare the shrubs before the onset of cold weather. If they are emaciated and deficient in any substances, they will not be able to withstand the cold and there is a risk of plant death. Therefore, top dressing of currants in the autumn period is carried out in without fail and with strict observance of all agrotechnical norms.
Probably, there is no such summer resident who would not plant at least a few currant bushes on his site. about the benefits of these healing berries everyone knows. By the amount of vitamins, minerals and nutrients black currant surpassed all berries known to mankind. But the culture itself is unpretentious and modest - it does not seem to require anything special. In summer, currants should be fed so that shoots and fruit buds grow and develop well. Currants can be fed phosphate fertilizer(phosphate rock with the addition of superphosphate) Currant bushes are sensitive to chlorine, therefore, for their feeding, substances containing potassium should be avoided, preferring potassium sulfate or wood ash. In our article we will talk about summer dressings currants.
When currants are fed in summer
In the first half of June, organic fertilizing of currants should be carried out. Experienced gardeners advise spending at least two more top dressings with liquid fertilizers in the summer. One - in early July, during the filling of berries, the other - after harvesting, when new flower buds are laid, that is, in late July - early August. Top dressing after picking the berries will ensure a good harvest of currants next year.
Foliar top dressing of currants, which are carried out in June-July, are very welcome by specialists. For this use water mixture urea with trace elements. For 10 liters of water take 20 g of urea, 5 g boric acid, 3 g of potassium permanganate and 30 g blue vitriol. Boric acid, potassium permanganate and vitriol are stirred in a separate container, and then they are combined together and the plant is sprayed with this mixture.
Precautions when feeding currants
It is especially necessary to pay attention to the fact that mineral fertilizers purchased for currant bushes do not contain chlorine, this element has a bad effect on the plant. You also need to observe the measure in the use of nitrogen fertilizers. They have a good effect on the growth of the bush, but at the same time reduce the fruitfulness of the plant and make it more vulnerable to fungal diseases. Especially dangerous are excessive nitrogen fertilizers for currants after harvesting, since they inhibit the ripening of branches, and this can lead to freezing of the bush in winter time. However, it is important to observe the dosage of any fertilizer, not just nitrogen, so that the currant roots do not suffer.
How to properly feed currants
In order not to harm currants, every gardener must know how to properly apply nutrients. Nitrogen top dressings are usually applied in the root way, since the foliage absorbs them somewhat worse.
Before top dressing, the ground around the bush should be dug up well and watered abundantly, otherwise fertilizers can burn young roots. For the same reason, it is impossible to lay out bird droppings directly into the trunk circle.
It is better to step back 20-30 cm from the stems and scatter fertilizer on the ground, and then cover it with a small layer of earth or mulch on top. cow dung insert deep enough. To do this, the rotted mass is laid out around the bush and the soil is dug up to a depth of 20–25 cm within a radius of about one meter.
Fertilizing currants in summer after flowering
Immediately after flowering and summer period experts advise using liquid top dressings for blackcurrants - organic and mineral. For organic dressings suitable diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10 infusion of chicken mint, diluted with water 1:4 infusion of liquid mullein or " green manure"- infusions of weeds, which is also diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.
For mineral liquid dressings for 10 liters of water, dilute 10 g of nitrogen, 20 g of phosphorus and 10 g potash fertilizers. Can be used complex fertilizer with high content phosphorus and potassium, using 20-30 g per 10 liters of water. Liquid fertilizer - both organic and mineral - is applied at the rate of 10 liters of solution for each bush. Feeding with liquid fertilizer after flowering is necessary to support the plant and get a good harvest. Liquid fertilizers are applied after good watering or rain in the furrows that make everyone around currant bush. After watering and fertilizing, it is advisable to mulch the soil around the bush.
Foliar dressing of currants in summer
Experienced gardeners recommend foliar fertilizing of currants with microelements in June-July. To do this, 5 grams of potassium permanganate, 3 grams of boric acid and 30-40 grams of copper sulfate are diluted separately in different containers, and then mixed in 10 liters of water. This solution is sprayed with currant bushes.
Liquid fertilizing currants in summer
In addition to applying basic fertilizers, blackcurrants are given liquid top dressing, which is combined with watering. Usually they are used during flowering (May), during the period of shoot growth (May, June), when pouring berries (June) and immediately after harvest (August), when flower buds are laid.
For top dressing, an infusion of mullein or slurry is used, diluting 3-4 times (a bucket of solution per bush); infusion bird droppings, diluted 8-10 times (half a bucket-bucket of solution per bush). Sometimes it is difficult to get natural organic fertilizers, in these cases you can use ready-made preparations from the store, for example, “Barrel and 4 buckets”, “Top-roots”, etc.
Fertilizing currants in the summer with folk methods
- Ash feeding. Pour half a bucket of ash with water 1:1 and leave for 2 days, dilute the resulting composition 1:10, consumption per bush 1-2 buckets of solution.
- Starch. It is advised to dig under dried bushes potato peelings, but the process of collecting and drying cleanings is very laborious and long. You can use store starch - dilute 200 grams of starch in 3 liters of water, boil and dilute in 1 bucket of water, consumption per bush is 2-3 liters. The downside of this recipe is that such starch is poorly digested. Most acceptable way the use of potato peels is to prepare an infusion from them. From the beginning of the summer season, put the potato peels in a large bucket or barrel with a small amount water, you can add chopped green grass and banana peel, throughout the season, after 2-5 weeks, the infusion can be used. Dilute 1:10 and water currant bushes at the rate of 1 bucket of infusion per bush.
- Bread fertilizer. Bread crusts are poured with water from 5 to 10 liters and infused in a warm place for 2 weeks. It can be diluted from 1:10 to 1:3, depending on the amount of solution and its concentration.
What other care is needed for currants in summer
Watering plays important role when caring for currants in hot summer. Also keep clean between the bushes, remove weeds on time. Feed with organic fertilizers, along with watering. Inspect the bushes all the time, and if pests or diseases are identified, take action, but do not treat with chemicals three weeks before the berries ripen, get by folk remedies. When the berries begin to sing, they need to be collected individually and selectively - only ripe as they ripen.
Knowing how to fertilize currants in the summer, and spending preventive examination, you can get a big harvest of this berry every year.
Currant happens different varieties and varieties. The colors are: black, white and red. Care and fertilizer for different varieties has no differences. In addition to the usual pruning of bushes after harvesting, currants also need to be fed with fertilizers throughout the year. This procedure is carried out four times for the entire season.
The first dressing of currants
Even before the currants have released their leaves and are about to begin to bloom, the very first top dressing for the whole year is made. As soon as new young green shoots begin to form on the bushes, you should immediately start fertilizing. The first top dressing of currants in the spring is carried out using nitrogenous fertilizers - this is a mixture of 15 g of urea, 35 g and also 10 - 15 g of ammonia. This calculation is given for making under one bush. This is lovely way fertilizing, if in the fall it was not fertilized at all.
If in the fall they were introduced, then organic fertilizers will be an excellent option for the first top dressing. To do this, dilute the manure in a bucket of water by adding 2 teaspoons of urea to it. This mixture is applied in the amount of two liters per currant bush. After completion of such top dressing, it is thoroughly watered.
Second top dressing
Two weeks after the first feeding, it is necessary to proceed to the second. By this time, flowering is already ending on the bushes, and the first berries are beginning to set. During this period, use non-aggressive fertilizers, such as humus, with the addition of rotted manure and one tablespoon of potassium sulfate.
As a full-fledged top dressing of currant bushes in the spring, another method can be used - this is a Berry fertilizer solution, which is diluted in the proportion: 2 tablespoons per bucket of water. For one plant, the consumption of 3 liters of such fertilizers is required.
Third top dressing
After another two weeks, when green berries form on the bushes, they can be sprayed with a solution of urea diluted in a ratio of 2 teaspoons per 10 liters of water. This will be the last feeding of black currants in the spring.
Fourth dressing
Only after the end of the harvest, in autumn, the bushes are pruned and fed for the fourth time this season. For this purpose, the following solution is used: 3 buckets of water, 3 tablespoons and the same amount of superphosphate. After watering the bushes with this mixture, it is recommended to additionally pour wood ash and humus under them. After that, one or more waterings are usually performed. On this, the care and feeding of currants in the spring and for the whole year with fertilizers will be considered finished. And it will only happen next season.
Foliar top dressing
Currants have proven themselves well in the spring with microelements. For this method, it is necessary to prepare a solution of 5 grams of potassium permanganate, 3 grams of boric acid and 40 grams of copper sulfate, diluted in 10 liters of water. Spraying with such a solution not only supplies the plants with the necessary microelements for healthy growth and fruiting, but also is the prevention of many diseases characteristic of this crop.
Alternative Methods
If there is no time or desire to breed special solutions, and fertilizing blackcurrants in spring is necessary, then you can use more versatile and low-cost methods, such as planting lupins, peas, and wikis in the aisle. These crops are sederal, and after they have grown but not yet flowered, they must be mowed and mixed with the soil surrounding the currant bushes. Thus, during overheating, they will supply all the necessary nutrients, which will not take much time and financial costs.
Another in a good way is the application of long-term fertilizers. Top dressing of currants and gooseberries in the spring can be carried out with special briquettes. There are so-called long-term fertilizers on sale for gardeners, which are available in the form of tablets or sticks that need to be stuck near the base of the bush and they will slowly dissolve and feed the plants for a long period.
Fertilizing currants in the spring with organic fertilizers in the form of dissolved bird droppings will support and strengthen the plants without harming either them or the health of the person who eats the berries.
Spring care for currants, raspberries and gooseberries
At the first onset of heat, berry bushes must be sprayed with nitrofen, as well as karbofos. Top dressing of currants and gooseberries in the spring is mandatory when the first leaves appear, and also two or three times, with an interval of one week, it is necessary to spray them with a solution of soda ash and laundry soap, which are taken in equal quantities, 50 grams each, based on 10 liters of water. This spraying helps to avoid powdery mildew.
Top dressing of raspberries and currants in the spring is carried out by watering with organic fertilizers, such as diluted mullein or bird droppings.
Ever since time immemorial experienced gardeners advised to water the bushes until the buds swell, hot water. This helps to get rid of the mites, which later settle in swollen buds, spreading the infection to healthy bushes, which is very difficult to prevent.
Currant, spring care, top dressing
Spring is great period for propagation of currants. Usually two methods are used - cutting cuttings or dividing the bush into several shoots with roots and their further jigging. This is the easiest way, and for its implementation you need to prepare the ground in advance. To do this, you need to dig up the site, remove weeds from it, flavor the hole with humus, with the expectation: for one hole for planting one currant bush, add 5-6 kg, it will be enough to add ammonium nitrate, mix it all with the ground and plant a new plant in this place.
Plant it so that the root is deepened by about 10 centimeters. The distance between adjacent bushes should be one to one and a half meters. Newly planted young seedlings are plentifully watered.
They also use the second method - cuttings or diverting branches for rooting, a good way would be to fertilize the land surrounding the mother plant. That will allow not only to support and feed the main bush, but also to give a good start for young plant. It is formed much faster when cutting the shoot, if the earth is saturated with fertilizers and fertile.
Productive and tasty varietal currants, care in the spring, top dressing with special fertilizers - these are all the necessary components for a good harvest.