Acrylic paints and varnishes. Acrylic water-dispersion mixture

Paints in the modern world are used in almost all areas of activity. The food, construction, textile and other industries use pigments of various colors and properties to create colorful products and attractive textures. In the modern world, the properties of which determine the advantages of this artistic material are gaining popularity.

Origin

The use of paints began in ancient times. People mixed clay, charcoal, fruit dyes and applied them to fabrics, dishes, stones or canvases. Great artists did not have the opportunity, like modern creators, to go to the store and select the necessary material to create their canvases. All pigments were ground and mixed by hand with oil. It significantly softened the structure of the material and was convenient to use. This process gave rise to the creation

Acrylic paint for artwork appeared much later. It can be called the invention of modernity. The first copies had a limited number of colors, and it was necessary to select a special thinner. But even if everything is chosen correctly and is available, when mixed, the paints quickly dried out. It was very difficult to get the desired shade.

Nevertheless, acrylic paints are beginning to gain popularity. At the first stages they are positioned as amateur. But manufacturers are developing in laboratories to obtain the necessary consistency and bring new products to the market. Today, many masters hesitate before choosing oil or acrylic paints. Others, on the contrary, prefer a conservative way of creating canvases.

Acrylic paints have already confidently settled on the shelves of art stores and have their fans. Modern creators are happy to experiment with various materials and use such paint to create creative works.

Compound

Acrylic artistic paints include resin, pigment and water. It also includes a special binder to create a uniform smooth texture. These are various derivatives of acrylate acid. All components are mixed in proportions that reduce the toxicity of products and speed up their drying.

Advantages

Artistic in its characteristics and structure is similar to tempera, but unlike it, it dries faster and forms a film. Due to this, there is no need to cover the work with varnish. If the work done oil paints must be exposed to the air, where they must be from 1 to 3 weeks before hardening, then canvases where acrylic paint has been used dry completely within a few hours. Unlike the oil counterpart, after the canvas has completely hardened, it can be rolled up without fear that the paint will crack or deteriorate.

Acrylic paints can be diluted with plain water. To get a softer texture and a delicate transparent color, you need to dilute them. To make the paint thick and saturated, nothing is added to it at all, but they work directly from the tube.

A set of artistic acrylic paints usually includes all the necessary tones to create any picture. It is convenient to take it with you to work in the fresh air. Acrylic paints and in this case are much better to use. When dried, they form a film that is not afraid of moisture. Thus, if it starts to rain, there is no danger of spoiling the picture. In this case, all tones dry evenly. In oil paints, each individual color has its own hardening speed.

Varieties

Acrylic art paint is divided into two types: for beginners and for professionals. The main difference is the quality. In student sets, it is cheaper, light-resistant. Paints for professional artists use expensive ingredients. Depending on the composition, acrylic paints are also divided into areas of application: for painting, for decorative design, for and other materials.

Package

Mostly acrylic art paint is sold in tubes. This international standard has been developed for a long time, and almost all types of such material for creativity are sold in such packages. They are convenient to use and store, the small opening prevents the passage of a large amount of air and keeps the paint fresh for a long time.

Also, acrylic paints can be found in large jars of 100 ml. They are mainly used in workshops where material consumption is quite high.

Acrylic paints "Ladoga"

Acrylic artistic paint "Ladoga" is of high quality and affordable price. It is produced by the Nevskaya Palitra enterprise. Products of this brand have long established themselves as one of the best products for creativity. Acrylic paints are available in tubes and jars. Basically, such products are used by craftsmen who value quality at a low cost. In stores, you can buy tubes individually or choose the best-suited set.

Acrylic art paints in St. Petersburg, both oil and watercolor, are considered among the best in the world. And the city itself inspires artists to be creative and create masterpieces. No wonder St. Petersburg is considered the cultural capital of the country: here are unique landscapes, picturesque streets, majestic palaces.

Acrylic paints "Ladoga" have a smooth texture, fit well both on the canvas for the picture, and on wood or any other material. To create tones and colors, they mix well and are diluted with water.

What can you paint with acrylic paints on?

Mainly used to create paintings. They fit well on canvases with and without a primer, of any grain size, cotton, linen and others. Dries quickly and doesn't crack. Good for beginners as they have low cost relative to oil analogues. But they are not suitable for people who like to create their masterpiece for a long time and slowly.

Art painting acrylic paints produced on clothing. AT recent times accessories with applied author's works began to come into fashion. They are also used for coloring clay and wood products. Acrylic paints are often used by decorators in creating interiors. They are easy to use, have a large palette of colors.

Special Thinners

Acrylic art paint is diluted with water, so it is convenient to use it anywhere. But to obtain unusual effects, there are special solvents. In order for the colors to have matte shades on the finished work, it is necessary to purchase a special liquid and dilute paints only in it. When using water, after drying, the canvas will be glossy.

Thinner manufacturers also suggest using special kind liquids for working with acrylic paints on fabrics. It is designed specifically for this type of creativity, does not harm the material and dries quickly.

To obtain a rich glossy tone, it is also necessary to choose the right thinner. It has no smell, retains the brightness of the tone.

They have existed for half a century, today they are used by artists extremely widely. The main advantage of acrylic paints over all others is their ease of application, quick drying and, of course, their versatility. Modern developments of acrylic emulsions, including extremely fine and light-resistant particles, make it possible to obtain paints more and more High Quality. These paints dissolve in water, and when dried, they do not dissolve at all. In addition, acrylic paints are very resistant to various kinds physical and chemical influences. Thus, all acrylic paints produced by the Ferrario factory (the main manufacturer of such paints) contain an aqueous suspension of synthetic resins as a binder, to which synthetic or natural pure pigments, stabilizers and coalescents are added. After processing all these raw materials, the paints are elastic and bright in color, excellent adhesion to any non-greasy surface, whether it be canvas, paper, wood, clay, fabric or ceramics. Acrylic paints can be applied with a brush and a spatula, after dilution, as well as with an airbrush. For each paint, bona fide manufacturers indicate the degree of covering power, light fastness and which pigment was used. Due to the rapid drying of acrylic paints, the tube should be closed immediately after use. A large arsenal of special thinners allows the artist to use a wide variety of techniques in his work.

Advantages of acrylic paints.

While acrylic paints have a number of advantages of watercolors and oils, as well as many self-worth They are versatile and easy to use. Regardless of which type of painting the artist prefers, acrylic paints are worth a try anyway. A plastic synthetic resin acts as their basis, and therefore they allow you to achieve both the most exquisite glazing and a dense texture.

Acrylic paints are quick-drying, have good hiding power and excellent color brightness, do not fade in the sun, do not fade over time. When they dry, they turn into an elastic resistant coating. Acrylic paints are used to write on paper, cardboard, wood, as well as metal, fabric, ceramics and glass, if these surfaces are properly cleaned of dust and grease.

How they dilute.

In acrylic paints, the particles of their constituent pigment are interconnected by an emulsion (liquid plastic mass) - it becomes transparent after drying. Acrylic is soluble in water and is therefore used as a thinner and wash for cleaning brushes. After drying, acrylic becomes insoluble, which cannot be said about other paints. This feature is extremely important, since after completion the work is no longer affected by water, plus paints can be applied to layers that have already dried. Among the shortcomings of acrylic, it is worth noting the fact that it can ruin the brushes, which have to be washed regularly with warm soapy water in the most thorough way. In addition to water, acrylic paints can be thinned with other solvents. The vast majority of acrylic manufacturers produce their own products that can somewhat change the properties of acrylic. First of all, it is worth noting glossy and matte thinners. Thus, a glossy thinner significantly improves the covering properties of the paint and, when dried, gives the surface a gloss. Matte thinner has a similar consistency, but dries to a matte finish.

Another remarkable property of this variety of paints is the drying time. As soon as the water contained in acrylic paint evaporates, it dries. As a rule, half an hour is enough to apply the next layer of paint. This feature is primarily important for "fast" work.

In addition to the already mentioned water resistance and drying speed, acrylic paints have very good adhesion. As a result, this allows them to be successfully used in all types of outdoor painting, since the paints are not affected by natural factors and fit well enough on the vast majority of work surfaces. Acrylic is great for creating collages, as it can be used as an adhesive for paper and fabric. Also, textured acrylic paints (gels) and modeling agents are distinguished by increased adhesive properties, and they can be used to create surfaces with relief.

Variety of techniques.

If acrylic paints are strongly diluted with water, they become very similar to gouache or watercolor. If you apply the paint directly on the tubes or dilute it quite a bit, then it becomes possible to work in the so-called pasty technique - something like traditional oil painting.

Acrylics differ from each other primarily in their consistency: from more liquid to thick. The thickest paints are used in impasto technique, where a special role is given to texture. Liquid consistency is excellent for pouring large areas of the surface.

Liquid paints.

To date, there is a huge selection of transparent and opaque shades of liquid acrylic. The consistency of paints varies from oily (more like a paste) to the most liquid. Since these paints do not have such a long history of existence as, for example, oil paints (there are 5 centuries), manufacturing companies have not developed any uniform standards for them. The most liquid acrylic resembles ink. Such color inks include shellac as a binder (alcohol-soluble resin) and are water-resistant after drying. As a rule, the ink is not waterproof, but some colors (such as black and white) are more resistant.

In watercolor, gum arabic acts as a binder. Just like ink, it is generally not color fast and smears with water after drying. In liquid acrylic paints, the binder is represented by a film of acrylic - a transparent liquid plastic. After drying, acrylic becomes waterproof, more plastic and transparent than ink. It is made from pigments, which for the most part are more lightfast than dyes.

Light fastness of colors.

As attractive as the color and vibrancy of ink and watercolor are, they should never be used to create works that you would like to keep for a long time, as their colors will fade, unfortunately.

Acrylic drawing.

Liquid acrylic paints are quite often used in ink liner for precise drawing. It is also suitable for calligraphic works - the most exquisite lines are created with a pen. Due to the fact that liquid acrylic becomes waterproof after drying, the pen will need to be rinsed with water. fountain pens with a piston, immediately after work, rinse thoroughly with water so that the paint inside does not dry out. Can work liquid acrylic and soft brush in classic watercolor technique. In addition, it is worth trying to mix paints in various ways to get original effects. So you can try a straw to "blow" the lines over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe painted surface, and in addition, use a household hair dryer to get an even more complex image. Basically, manufacturers of acrylic paints produce at least one type of acrylic paint, which differ from each other in consistency and a set of colors. Acrylic paint is applied both in a thick layer and in glazes. The pasty technique will require paint with a thicker consistency, which will preserve the texture of the brush stroke. A thinner, thinner paint is more suitable for glazing. By adding appropriate thickening and thinning agents, one can obtain more species acrylic paints.

Decorative and applied application of acrylic.

Fluid acrylic can be used in many different crafts. They are perfect for decorating wood, leather, ceramics and glass, and in the latter case it is possible to achieve the effect of stained glass.

With regard to acrylic paints, a situation is typical when an excellent quality palette becomes unusable just because it is almost impossible to clean the paint from it. The thing is that the paints dry quite quickly, and high adhesive characteristics exclude the possibility of their removal after drying from some surfaces. Dried acrylic does not dissolve - it cannot be removed with water or any other solvent. That is why you should not use porous materials on which paint adheres well. So, wood will definitely be a bad choice, even if it is varnished. The best option for acrylic paints will be smooth surfaces that can be washed and do not form scratches. For example, it can be glass, plastic or melamine.

Most often, acrylic paint palettes are made of plastic. They are designed in such a way as to provide maximum convenience when using (they are rounded or rectangular in shape). Also for acrylic paints, you can use a tear-off paper palette. We are talking about palettes of various sizes, each of which has a lining-base made of durable cardboard and up to fifty sheets of parchment glued together on both sides. Such tear-off palettes do not need to be cleaned, since the colors are mixed on the top sheet, and at the end of the work it is torn off and thrown away. Among other things, there are palettes designed to ensure that the colors remain for a whole week.

Often, professional artists who use acrylic paints in their work prefer custom-made palettes. All the necessary materials are quite cheap and easy to get, so it is not difficult to make a palette of any shape and size. To make your own palette, use materials such as formica, melamine, or other similar laminates available at DIY stores and lumber yards. Glass is an excellent material for mixing acrylic paints, but since this material is much heavier than plastic, it is recommended to tape the edges of the glass palette for safety. You can also use metal, provided that it is enameled or painted in the factory, otherwise the metal will inevitably begin to rust. Of metals, stainless steel is not recommended, because due to large coefficient reflections, the colors don't mix very well.

In order to remove dried paint from the palette, it should be put into hot water for a short time. As a result, water will penetrate between the paint and thus peel off the hardened paint. The paint that still remains on the surface is removed with a palette knife and a wet cloth. This must be done in such a way that in no case will scratch the surface of the palette. If scratches remain on the palette, this will increase the stickiness of the paint and subsequent cleaning will be difficult. Considering the high cost of high-quality art materials, it will be useful to spend half an hour cleaning brushes and palettes, closing caps.

Coloring is one of the most ancient and widely common to this day ways of finishing. It is used everywhere - when carrying out repairs in the interior, and in the design of facades and adjoining buildings. But if recently undisputed leader there were paints and varnishes on organic solvents, now the “palm” in the field of finishing residential buildings has been intercepted by water-soluble ones. But water-based paints also have differences, and it is important to be able to understand this so as not to make a mistake with the choice of the optimal material.

For example, a lot of discussion raises the question - latex paint or acrylic, which is better? The modern construction market is literally overflowing with compounds, appearing under various names. Therefore, when choosing them, confusion often arises, and the consumer finds himself at a dead end, not really knowing which option to stop him. To understand this issue, let's try to take a closer look at the information about the characteristics of the materials in the title of the article.

Let's clarify the terminology!

Probably, the first thing to do when figuring out which of the above paints is better is to clarify the definitions, eliminate some confusion in the established "folk" terminology.

To begin with - what lies under the name "latex". According to the "academic" definition, it is an aqueous dispersed emulsion of polymer particles of natural or synthetic origin. A classic example of natural latex is natural rubber, the sap of the tropical hevea tree. Until a certain point, this was almost the only way to obtain elastic materials.

By the way, any of us probably met with natural latex in life. White bitter juice protruding from the stem of a plucked dandelion belongs to this category.

Of course, no rubber plants would be enough to meet the needs of an ever-growing humanity in latex. And chemistry was called to help - they were developed earlier and continue to be developed and now technologies for the synthesis of polymers - latexes, both similar to natural rubber, and far superior to it in their performance characteristics.

And now attention - modern synthetic latexes are water-soluble dispersions of butadiene-styrene, polyvinyl acetate, isoprene, acrylate (which, in turn, are divided into acrylic and polyacrylic), siloxane, urethane and some other copolymers.

Why is this being said now? And in order to immediately become clear - the term "latex" does not define the chemical compound of specific substances, but liquid state dispersed polymers. That is, acrylic paint is the same latex as polyvinyl acetate (PVA), butadiene-styrene etc . Which means given in header article dilemma initially contains a contradiction. How would you, for example, react to the question - which is better, vegetables or cucumbers? That's it…

However, this, though completely wrong, but a stable division into acrylic and latex paints still exists in everyday life, is widely used in the trade sector, confusing many.

If we try to “dig into” the sources of this information (more precisely, disinformation), we can come to the following conclusion.

• Acrylic paints are considered to be those in which the polymers of the acrylic group act as the sole or predominant binder. Such compounds have greater wear resistance and durability. And on the packaging of such paints, manufacturers often emphasize - "acrylic 100%".

• Latex, for some reason that is not entirely clear, is considered to be those paints and varnishes in which the main binder is used butadiene-styrene dispersion. Paints based on this are usually cheaper and not as durable.

By the way, paintwork materials are very common, the name of which combines both components. So they write - "Latex acrylic paint." And here already there can be two options. Either this is a correct understanding of the wording "latex", as we said above, or the composition is a dispersed mixture of acrylates and styrene butadiene.

So, we figured out - all water-soluble modern paints are inherently latex. But already their specific composition matters, so when choosing it, you should pay special attention to it.

Composition and stabilization of water-soluble paint emulsions

Any water-soluble, that is, in fact, a latex paint composition is formed by several components:

• The binder is one specific polymer or a mixture of them. The binder mass determines such qualities of the paint as resistance to external influences, adhesion, durability of the applied coating and other physical and performance characteristics.
• Solvent - water or other liquid, which is the unifying and determining the consistency of the binder mass.
• Various additives that improve the quality of the emulsion or determine the scope of the material. For example, some paints are designed to be applied only to a specific material - it can be metal, glass, wood, etc.
• A pigment is a substance that determines the color of a paint composition, and most often it is a fine powder that does not dissolve in a solvent liquid. The pigment is mixed with the binder and is in suspension in the volume of the solvent.

• Filler is a special component that makes the applied layer of paint matte, semi-gloss or glossy after it dries. In addition, the filler, as well as modifying additives, improves the adhesion of the paint to the surface and increases the strength of the applied finishing layer.

The process of polymer emulsion stabilization is quite simple to understand. As mentioned above, fine particles of polymer and pigment are suspended in a liquid - they do not stick together and do not dissolve in it. Before painting, the mass is mixed to a homogeneous consistency, and then the paint is applied to the surface.

From the applied paint layer, the liquid gradually evaporates, while the distance between the dispersed particles decreases. And when completely dry, the polymer "droplets" from the pigments are already tightly adjacent to each other. Due to their such “rapprochement”, a strong elastic film is formed on the surface.

The main advantages of latex formulations

The main "advantages" of latex compositions are their high wear resistance and considerable service life without loss of decorative and protective qualities. Paints are quite versatile in use, that is, they are suitable for use in rooms with almost any microclimate.

Latex compounds do not contain both heavy metals and other toxic substances, so they can be safely used in living areas of the house, including bedrooms and children's rooms.

The characteristics of paints from different manufacturers are different from each other, but on average they “fit within the framework”, approximately as shown in the table below:

These, of course, are very approximate indicators that give only a general idea, and which should be clarified already when choosing a specific paint and varnish composition. And besides those mentioned, latex paints have the following characteristic features:

• Due to the presence of a minimum amount of fillers and pigments in the composition of latex paint, they are resistant to various contaminants. Applied to the surface, the compounds dry quickly, which significantly reduces the time between coats. The ink film formed on the surface very often has a dust-repellent quality.
• The latex paint layer after drying is "breathable", that is, it allows air and water vapor to pass through. This quality allows the use of compositions for application on facades - moisture will not linger in the thickness of the walls, evaporating freely to the outside.
• Latex coatings lend themselves well to wet cleaning, that is, they can be washed with a sponge or soft cloth, in some cases even using detergents with water.
• The saturation of the original color is preserved for a long time, since the pigments used in the compositions have a fairly high resistance to fading.
• The paint has no pungent odors and does not emit toxic substances when stained. Therefore, finishing work can be carried out in residential premises, without even leaving the house or apartment for several days.
• The high elasticity of the paint mass allows it to penetrate and create a layer of the required thickness not only on flat, but also on embossed surfaces.
• The paint is produced in a matte or glossy version, which allows you to choose the most appropriate for a particular surface.

Some classification criteria for water-soluble latex colors

Latex paints can be divided according to several criteria, which include:

• Surface quality of the dried paint layer. On the packaging, the manufacturer indicates what effect the staining will have - matte, semi-matte or glossy. The choice of paint according to this criterion depends on what surface it will be applied to.

For example, it is recommended to apply matte and semi-matte paint on a perfectly leveled wall or ceiling surface, otherwise all plane defects will be clearly visible. The glossy version of the composition is better for less smooth surfaces, as the gloss will serve as a "cover" for small ledges and depressions formed on the wall or ceiling.

According to this criterion, latex paints are divided into six types, which are indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging with an alphabetic or numerical designation:

- completely matte - CM or 0÷5;

- matte - M or 6÷10;

- semi-matte - PM or 11÷29;

- semi-gloss - PG or 30÷59;

- glossy - G or 60÷89;

- completely glossy or 90÷100.

It should be noted that completely glossy compositions are rarely chosen, since surfaces reflecting bright light are tiring and pressing on the human psyche. Therefore, the most popular option is paint that has a matte effect.

• Latex paints are also divided according to the field of application. Yes, there are:

- facade compositions, that is, intended for external use;

- for internal use, for covering ceilings and walls;

— universal paints for external and internal use;

— latex paints for floors;

- special paints for waterproofing, and some others

• Divide latex paint according to physical characteristics as moisture resistance and wear resistance. To select paintwork materials according to these criteria, you need to pay attention to such a parameter as abrasion class. So, for ordinary latex paints, the dry abrasion class is indicated, and for moisture resistant - wet or wet abrasion. There are three classes, the first of which is the highest parameter. That is, the material indicated by this figure is the most resistant.
• Another criterion that you should pay attention to is coverage. It determines how evenly the paint lays on the surface. To be more precise, how much paint is needed to completely hide the color of a base that is uniform in tone. Or, according to the technology of production testing of hiding power - how much paint is needed to remove the contrast between black and white fragments until the visual perception of color uniformity is complete.

This parameter helps to evaluate both the cost-effectiveness of the consumption of the coloring composition, and how many layers will have to be applied to the surface in order for the color to be even.

By the way, there are two approaches to assessing the hiding power:

- Domestic manufacturers often use an indicator expressed in grams of paint per square meter of the area to be painted (g / m²). It is clear that the smaller this value, the better the paint quality.

— According to European standards, the covering power is indicated by the area of ​​the plot that can be covered with one liter of paint (m²/l). Here the picture is reversed - the higher the indicator, the better.

Varieties of paint by binding polymers

One of the main criteria for choosing a paint and varnish composition just are the varieties of binder latex polymers that were used in the manufacture of paint. That is, probably, around which the “problem” is built, which became the name of this publication.

On sale you can find latex paints that were made using different binders: acrylic, acrylic silicone, butadiene-styrene and polyvinyl acetate. What they are and what they are intended for - this is what needs to be sorted out so as not to make a mistake with the choice.

Polyvinyl acetate paint

This type of composition is known to most ordinary people under the name of the usual " water emulsion". It is made on the basis of the well-known composition of PVA (polyvinyl acetate).

The paint does not contain organic solvents and is practically odorless. This coloring composition has excellent adhesion and fits well on the surface. However, until it is completely dry, it can be easily washed off with plain water. water emulsion quite popular with the Russian consumer, largely due to the affordable price. But this composition has its own “cons”, which should also be mentioned.

Water-based paint has low abrasion resistance, and is also quite easily washed off with water even after drying. Therefore, it is not recommended to use it in rooms with high humidity. If you run your palm over a wall painted with water-based paint, then a trace will remain on it, as if from whitewashing. Therefore, it is most often used for painting the ceiling of dry rooms.

In addition, this type of latex paint is not recommended for use in unheated rooms, as it is not frost-resistant. Over time, the layer may begin to crack and flake off the surface.

The surface of the dried water-based paint has a matte effect, the level of which can be designated as 0÷10.

Butadiene-styrene latex paint

Butadiene-styrene paints also belong to water-based latex. It is they who are most often mistakenly singled out as a special category of “latex”, which is fundamentally wrong, as we have already said above.

Unlike polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene the compositions are more wear-resistant and moisture resistant, so it will be difficult to wash off the dried coating afterwards.

Very significant disadvantage paint made using this binder can be called low UV resistance. Under the influence of sunlight, the painted surface very quickly loses its original "fresh" appearance.

Exactly because of this reason butadiene-styrene latex paints are recommended for use in rooms such as corridors, bathrooms (it is not afraid of moisture), pantries. Or other rooms whose windows face the north side or are completely absent.

Price butadiene-styrene paint and varnish compositions are not particularly different from polyvinyl acetate, that is, they belong to the category of the most affordable.

Acrylic silicone paint

This type of latex paint has a pronouncedly high wear and moisture resistance, and is also inert to UV rays. Besides, acrylic-silicone the composition is "breathable", therefore, on the surfaces covered with it, a favorable environment for the occurrence of mold will not be created.

Therefore, it can be used to clean up surfaces in rooms with high humidity, as well as to paint facades. It should be noted that acrylic-silicone paint is often used to paint surfaces previously coated with silicate or silicone paints, since these types of compounds interact well with each other. But pure acrylic on old silicone will not fall in any way.

Acrylic latex paint

Pure acrylic latex paint is the most sought after option, and, even though quite high cost compared to other latex formulations.

This demand is due to excellent characteristics that exceed the same parameters of any other compositions made from a mixture of polymers. Therefore, if you look from the practical side, it is more cost-effective to purchase exactly acrylic latex paint. This is due to the fact that it will take much less to cover the same surface area than if you use another type. And in terms of wear resistance and durability of the coating without losing its decorative qualities, it has no equal. That is, the prospect of subsequent cosmetic repairs becomes very distant.

Acrylic latex paints are used for both interior and exterior exterior finish.

Rubber acrylate-latex dye

This type of coating material is a high-tech product that forms a thin but highly durable waterproof elastic layer on the surface. These coating qualities are achieved thanks to the right combination its constituent components:

• Purified water acts as a solvent in this paint.
• Antifreeze gives the material resistance to low temperatures, that is, makes it frost-resistant.
• Acrylate latex acts as a binder.
• A coalescent is a substance that serves as a catalyst in film formation.
• The composition includes special additives that improve the functional and decorative qualities of the material.
• One of the components is fungicides - antibacterial substances designed to protect the painted surface from the appearance and reproduction of mold and other microflora.
• Special preservatives are used to increase the shelf life of paint in hermetically sealed packaging.

Paint has numerous advantages, which include the following qualities of the material:

• The rubber paint coating can withstand negative temperatures up to -50 degrees, so it is suitable for painting the facade walls of the house, fences, as well as the walls and bottom of pools.
• The paint can be applied to products made from materials such as metal, wood, brick, concrete, foam blocks and even asphalt.
• Rapid setting and drying of the composition applied to the surface - this period lasts about two hours.
• The rubber paint coating is breathable and vapor permeable material. This effect is created due to micropores, which are formed when the composition applied to the surface dries.

• The rubber coating has an anti-slip effect, so it is great for covering garden paths, steps of the stairs, as well as the bottom of the pool.
• Paint can be applied with different instruments- it can be a brush, sponge, roller or spray gun.
• Rubber compounds are non-toxic and do not evaporate harmful substances into the environment, so they can be called environmentally friendly. pure material.
• High level of wear resistance - the coating is designed for operation for 9-11 years, and - with the preservation of its original appearance.
• The elasticity of the resulting film also contributes to long-term operation, since thanks to it the coating does not crack and calmly tolerates temperature changes and mechanical stress. The applied paint takes the shape of the surface, and as the temperature changes, the coating shrinks and expands along with the material on which it is applied.
• A variety of shades of rubber paints allows you to choose desired color for a specific case.

Rubber paint is used for both indoor and outdoor use. It covers any surface, including playgrounds, gyms, courts, house walls, fences, roofing, including asbestos-cement slate.

What to look for when choosing latex paint?

Now, knowing what latex paints are, it is worth deciding what you need to pay attention to when choosing a paint for finishing a particular area of ​​\u200b\u200ba house or apartment.

• It must be said right away that latex paints intended for indoor use are not suitable for facade work, as they are unstable to external factors.

Therefore, the first thing you need to pay attention to when studying the packaging is what kind of work the paint is intended for, internal or external.

• Paint durability. So, compositions intended for coating ceiling surfaces have lower wear resistance, so they are not recommended for use on walls. As a rule, the manufacturer indicates on the packaging for which internal surfaces it is recommended to use this type of paint.

• degree of whiteness. This parameter is also indicated by the manufacturer on packages with white paint. So, for example, for the ceiling, it is worth buying super-white paint, which is characterized by perfect whiteness without a yellow tint. The ceiling is best covered with two layers, after calculating the amount of paint for a certain area.
• Glossy or matte paint. According to this parameter, the paint is chosen depending on what effect you want to get as a result. Glossy paints, after drying on the surface, give a characteristic sheen that can somewhat hide small surface flaws. Matte paint is usually applied to a perfectly smooth surface, it does not give a shine, and therefore will show all the bumps and scratches.

This property of the paint is also indicated on the packaging. In some cases the manufacturer designates it as deep matte, velvety matte, silky matte or silky glossy. Since the matte type of paint is more popular, experts recommend choosing a silky-matte version of it.

The decorative qualities of silky-matte paints are much higher than those of simply matte ones. Such compositions give surfaces a more noble appearance are not so heavily soiled and are much easier to clean. However, their cost is somewhat higher than the price of paints with a different surface effect.

• Hiding power. You should also pay attention to this parameter, as it will help save on paint consumption. This has already been mentioned above.
• Paint consumption per square meter is a parameter closely related to hiding power. Also indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging.
• Moisture resistance of the paint. If you plan to paint surfaces in the bathroom, then you need to choose compositions that indicate exactly this quality of the solution. Such paint is equipped with additives that give the coating hydrophobicity and allow wet cleaning.

The price of latex paints depends on its quality and manufacturer. For example, moisture resistant and facade compositions have a higher cost. However, this is not a reason, for reasons of economy, to purchase normal version for wet rooms or exterior finishes, as it will not last long.

Some experts recommend choosing imported paint or one that is produced in Russia under the license of a foreign company. These recommendations are due to the fact that foreign manufacturers more experience in the production of such products, proven manufacturing technologies are used, work is constantly being done to improve the characteristics of the compositions. However, imported or licensed paint has a significantly higher price tag. And the original products of many Russian companies often compete almost on an equal footing with Western ones.

Recommendations for the process of painting surfaces with latex paint

• When preparing the surface for painting, it must be well cleaned. If the walls are loose, they must be reinforced with a deep penetration primer. Then the surfaces are leveled with putty, polished and must be cleaned of dust.
• Priming the leveled surface under latex paints with non-adapted compositions is not recommended, as there is a risk of excessive application of the primer, which will create a strong film. As a result of this, the coloring composition will lie unevenly, and serious defects will appear in the lining. Instead of primer, for surface preparation it is better to use paint diluted with water, in a ratio of 5: 1 - it will serve as a primer and the first layer of staining.
• Paint is best applied in several painting tools- roller and brushes different widths. It is convenient to cover large areas with a roller, and with brushes hard-to-reach places - corners, as well as the space around radiators.

• In order for the color to be even, it is impossible to paint the surface in separate sections. If the ceiling is painted, then the roller must be carried out from wall to wall, and if the walls, then from floor to ceiling.
• You should not use a foam roller nozzle for coloring, as it leaves air bubbles on the surface, which can create uneven coloring.
• It is necessary to apply and roll out the paint quickly enough to prevent smudges and sagging.
• Each layer applied to the surface must dry well before the next one is applied to it.

Products from several reputable latex paint manufacturers

On the modern construction market, a large number of colors various manufacturers, so it is often very difficult to make a choice. It would seem that the composition of the paints is the same, but the price for them varies, sometimes several times. That is why many consumers, wanting to save money, choose those materials that are cheaper, forgetting that they are made using different technologies.

To provide guidance to the interested reader, here are a few manufacturers who have been making latex paint for decades and who have earned recognition for their the high quality of their products.

OLIMP®

"OLIMP®" is a Russian company producing latex paints, which, due to their characteristics, are rightly considered best achievement domestic industry. Products are manufactured using technologies that take into account the climatic conditions of the Russian regions and years of experience domestic construction. The cost of the paints of this company is lower than their foreign counterparts, however, they are not inferior to them in terms of quality. "OLIMP®" produces paints for interior and exterior use. Each of them has its own name:

• "Alpha" is a matte paint intended for painting ceilings.
• "Beta" is a matte composition designed to cover not only ceilings, but also walls.
• "Gamma" - matte washable paint for walls and ceilings, which can be used to paint the surfaces of the corridor and kitchen.
• "Delta" - silky-gloss washable paint, also used for covering walls and ceilings. In addition, it is used for painting non-woven wallpaper.
• "Elastic" - matte washable paint that can take the shape of the base and withstand some deformation, without violating the integrity of the layer. Due to its qualities, this type of paint can be used in new buildings that are still subject to shrinkage. The composition has a high degree of hiding power and is resistant to repeated wet cleaning.
• "Sigma" - matte paint used to transform the facade of the house.
• "All-weather" - matte facade paint, which can be used to work at temperatures from -20 to +35 degrees. This composition shows maximum resistance to external atmospheric influences.

"Tikkurila"

Tikkurila is a very well-known Finnish company in Europe engaged in the production of paints and varnishes on various bases, including those based on latex. The company opened the first plant for the production of coatings back in 1919. The first water-based interior paint "Joker" was made by the company in 1953, and what is interesting is that this composition under the same name is produced to this day.

In 2006, the Tikkurila concern acquired the Russian company Kraski TEX LLC, which has since been working on Finnish technology, producing paints and varnishes, putty compounds, antiseptics and primers.

"Tikkurila" produces latex paints for various purposes. Here are some very good examples:

• "Harmony" - interior deep-matte paint, giving the surface a velvety effect.
• "Luya" - paint for internal works containing an antiseptic component that protects walls from mold.
• Euro 2 is a latex emulsion designed for painting ceilings.
• "Euro 3" - latex paint for application to wooden surfaces.
• "Euro 7" - a composition used for painting plastered, brick and putty surfaces, as well as wallpaper intended for painting.

• "Euro 12" - semi-gloss latex paint with high wear resistance, therefore applicable for painting walls in the corridor or kitchen.
• "Euro 20" - paint designed to cover walls and ceilings in rooms with high humidity, as well as radiators.
• "Euro Sealing" - a latex composition for covering the ceiling.
• "Euro Facade Aqua" - facade paint, which includes a silicone and antiseptic additive that prevents the appearance of outer walls mold and moss.

Dulux

Dulux is an international trade brand owned by the British company AkzoNobel. The company's products are sold in more than a hundred countries around the world.

In our country there are a large number of sales offices of this manufacturer, which are located in almost all regions of Russia. Therefore, paint can be easily purchased in any Russian city.

• "Dulux Creations - Sand" is a sensory latex enamel designed for painting walls and ceilings. The paint can be applied to cement and lime surfaces, gypsum, drywall, paper, fiberglass and wallpaper.
• "Dulux Creations - Moonlight" is a latex emulsion, also intended for application to the interior surfaces of residential and non-residential premises. Can be used to cover plastered, concrete, plasterboard, fiberglass and other surfaces.
• « D ulux Matt White" - matte latex paint for ceilings and walls creates a durable washable "breathable" coating on surfaces.
• « Dulux Latex Matt" is a high quality matte latex paint on acrylic base for interior work, which can be applied to gypsum, concrete, fiberglass or paper substrates. The coating has a microporous structure, which allows the surfaces to "breathe".
• "Dulux Kitchen & Bathroom" is a matte latex emulsion that is resistant to grease vapors and drops, as well as to condensation. It is used for painting bathroom and kitchen surfaces. The microporous structure of the coating allows walls and ceilings to "breathe", which eliminates the risk of mold.
• Dulux Trade Weathershield Smooth Masonry Paint is a washable, semi-matte, breathable emulsion. The manufacturer establishes a guarantee for the coating of this paint at 15 years. At the same time, not only the integrity of the coating is preserved, but also the original color.
• "Pure Brilliant White" - semi-gloss facade washable paint with excellent vapor permeability. The manufacturer also gives a guarantee for such a coating for a period of 15 years, while maintaining the integrity of the paint layer and its color.

All the paints mentioned above are either presented in a fairly wide range of colors, or tinted to order.

Caparol

Caparol is a German brand owned by the very well-deserved company DAW SE, which specializes in the production of building materials, including paints and varnishes. It was founded in 1895, and during its more than a century of work has won recognition in many countries of the world, including Russia.

• "Caparol Samtex 3 E.L.F" - deep matt latex washable paint for interior surfaces, belongs to the 2nd class of wet abrasion. The emulsion can be used to color plastered or concrete walls and ceilings, as well as wallpaper finishes. The paint has high adhesive ability, easy to apply on the surface. The emulsion does not contain toxic substances, therefore it is an environmentally friendly material.
• Caparol Samtex 7 E.L.F is a silky matte interior latex emulsion well suited for covering walls and ceilings in areas such as kitchens and corridors. The composition is easily applied and distributed over surfaces with a roller and brush.

The degree of abrasion of this emulsion is defined as class 2, so the coating can be subjected to wet cleaning. The paint is breathable, does not contain toxic substances.

• Caparol Samtex 20 E.L.F is a silky-gloss version of a latex paint designed for interior use. The emulsion is resistant to abrasion, is an environmentally friendly material and is suitable for application to various surfaces, including wallpaper. The paint is able to emphasize the relief pattern of the surface. This is especially important when it is applied to non-woven wallpaper.
• "Caparol CapaGold" and "Caparol CapaSilber" - these acrylate emulsions in combination with the appropriate primer are able to reproduce the silver or gold color, which looks especially impressive on relief patterns. Most often, such paints are used in addition to the one-color painting of structured surfaces.

Paints are applied using various techniques using spatulas of different widths, brushes, sponges or rollers. The coating is resistant to ultraviolet rays, moisture and other external influences, therefore it can be used not only indoors, but also for decorating individual facade elements.

In conclusion, it must be added that it is impossible to list all noteworthy manufacturers, as well as the names and purpose of their samples of latex paints. But, focusing on the recommendations given in the article, it will be much easier to understand the variety of products presented in hardware stores.

And, perhaps, the video below will help you make the right choice:

Video: Recommendations for choosing water-dispersion acrylic paints

Acrylic paints have been around for quite some time, but have gained true popularity only in the last few years. This became possible due to a considerable number of significant advantages that these mixtures possess. Through this type of paint, you can realize the most original ideas in terms of interior decoration. Such mixtures, depending on the method of their dilution, make it possible to obtain different characteristics Decoration Materials. It is impossible to say exactly which acrylic paint is better. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. We will tell you more about this type of finishing mixtures below.

Today, acrylic-based paints are mainly used for finishing work and decoration. There are mixtures produced for coloring wood, plastic, brick and concrete surfaces, as well as for painting plastered walls.

There are several components in such mixtures. However, the most important among them is the binder. It is a special dispersion based on polymeric and acrylic resins. These ingredients affect the technological properties of the paint, wear resistance and the quality of adhesion to the work surface. Directly acrylic resins are a polymer that goes to the manufacture of acrylic mixtures. The quality characteristics of the acrylic resins used directly affect the quality of the acrylic paint itself.

Another component of the acrylic-based mixture is a pigment, which is a dry ground powder. After adding to the paint, it does not dissolve, but is in a “muted” state. Thanks to the pigment, acrylic paint for the ceiling acquires a certain shade and opacity. These ingredients can be natural, synthetic, as well as inorganic and organic. Interesting property- their qualitative characteristics are absolutely independent of the type of work surface for which the acrylic mixture is intended to be painted.

Another equally important component of acrylic paints is a solvent. It can be either ordinary water or special organic solution. Its main task is to reduce the viscosity of the paint.

Also in the composition of such mixtures there is necessarily a filler. It is larger particles than pigments. They are added to improve the adhesion of paint to the work surface. In addition, they make it possible to strengthen the paint film, as well as retain the binding property of the mixture and impart a matte finish to the painted surface.

Finally, any acrylic paint contains auxiliary components such as additives. They are mainly used to change the properties of liquid paint or the film that forms shortly after the mixture has been applied to the surface.

Buying acrylic paint today is not a problem. The homogeneous consistency of the solution is achieved due to the fact that the fine particles of the pigment and the binder mass are distributed evenly in a certain volume of water. Therefore, water is the basis of this paint. For this reason, the acrylic mixture, until it dries, can be safely diluted with water. After the paint has been applied to work surface the water will naturally evaporate. As a result, only polymers remain, which form a strong, but at the same time quite elastic film with good adhesion. In this case, as already mentioned, the mixture cannot be washed off with plain water. Moreover, the weight of acrylic paint does not affect its quality characteristics in any way.

Varieties of acrylic paint

Acrylic water-dispersion mixture

The main components of this mixture option are acrylic polymer emulsion, color pigment and water. The copolymers present in its composition make it possible to form a fairly stable film after dyeing. It has a lot of advantages. In particular, it dries quickly, covers the surface well, so that the paint does not fade in the sun. Moreover, the brightness of such a finishing mixture almost does not change over time. In addition, thanks to this film, the painted surface acquires high wear resistance and can withstand high temperatures without problems. Also, after processing with such paint, cracks and chips rarely form on the surface.

Aqueous emulsion acrylic mixture

This version of the mixture is usually used for interior work. A can of such paint usually always has instructions for use from the manufacturer. Which mixture to purchase depends on the type of surface: walls, ceiling or floor. This is one of the most popular acrylic based paints. The price of such products is very reasonable.

Acrylic paints for painting

Acrylic facade paints can be applied in almost any weather. This property is useful for painting surfaces outside the building and painting walls. To create truly original drawings, acrylic-based paints are used, as well as thicker acrylic relief pastes. In general, such compositions are widely used in the impasto painting technique. For such work, as a rule, special solvents are used. Today they are made not only by the manufacturers themselves, but also by other companies. In this case, dilution water acrylic mixture does not fit.

Stages of painting walls with acrylic paint

When painting surfaces with an acrylic-based mixture, you need to remember a few rules:

1. So, a separate container should be used to dilute and stir the composition.
2. After painting, the jar must be tightly closed and be sure to clean its edges from paint. In addition, you need to rinse thoroughly the tools that were involved in the work.
3. If the paint in the container has dried up on top, then it is better to paint with a mixture from another can.
4. It is worth saying that although acrylic paint is allowed to be applied to a damp surface, it is still better to wait until it dries.
5. In addition, do not stain with strong wind, drafts or low temperatures.

Painting a wall with an acrylic mixture is quite simple. First, it is diluted, after which it is abundantly applied to the desired surface. In some cases, pasty acrylic paint is used. For this, special thickeners are used. As for the drying time, acrylic paint dries in about 0.5 hours.

The setting of the mixture occurs due to the fact that water evaporates from the applied layer. Having lost moisture, a rather elastic film is formed, which is much stronger than a surface covered with oil paint. It is also important that this acrylic film does not crumble, does not crack, does not peel off. Acrylic paints for wood have similar properties.

As already mentioned, acrylic-based mixtures dry very quickly. And what thinner layer, the faster this process is. If the layers are denser, then it takes several minutes to dry them. When the mixture is completely dry, it can no longer be washed off with water. In addition, it is difficult to scrape off with sandpaper. Separately, it is worth mentioning acrylic Russian paints, the quality characteristics of which are quite high. They are very popular among consumers. Such paint is sold not only in cans, but also in tubes. In the latter case, the mixture is similar in consistency to a cream. It is used for both painting and decorating surfaces. The material in liquid form is mainly used when it is necessary to paint large surfaces.

When the painting work is completed, the jar must be closed tightly with a lid and cleaned of paint residues. It is worth saying that acrylic itself is a good adhesive. The connection of pigment particles is achieved due to the fact that they are in a liquid plastic mass, which becomes colorless after drying. At the same time, the density of acrylic paint is quite high. In addition, acrylic itself dissolves well in water. Therefore, water is successfully used both for diluting the acrylic mixture and for cleaning brushes after painting. However, it is worth noting that once the acrylic dries, it will not be possible to dissolve it with water. It is thanks to this that such mixtures can be used for painting walls in rooms with high humidity.

It must also be said that many manufacturers of acrylic-based finishing mixes produce thinners for their products, which give the paint one or another beneficial features. The most common are matte and glossy thinners. The first of them allow, after drying, to obtain a matte finish, thanks to the second, the painted surface acquires an attractive gloss and mother-of-pearl.

Let us dwell on some of the shortcomings of this type of paint. So, for example, it is known that if the brushes are not thoroughly washed after acrylic paint, they will soon deteriorate.

Features of applying acrylic products to plaster

If you need to apply paint on smooth plaster, then it should first be properly leveled, which will remove all unwanted defects and flaws. To do this, you can, for example, take wooden block and wrap it with sandpaper. In addition, there are special grinding tools that greatly simplify the work. One way or another, the surface should be leveled so that there are no potholes and chips. If paint is applied to textured plaster, then you can do without alignment.

Various rollers are used for painting. Small differences in the surface can be filled by putting a skin with a long pile on the roller. When it is required to apply a different shade over convex surfaces, a short-haired skin is put on the roller. If desired, brushes and other tools are also used. When painting with a roller, special trays are required, with which you can control the amount of paint applied to the tool. Thus, the consumption of acrylic paint is regulated.

While doing smooth painting The roller only needs to move in one direction. If any other technique is used, strokes are performed in other directions.

Acrylic paint: photo

Acrylic paint has high performance and technological characteristics, is made on the basis of polymers of acrylic and methacrylic acids and their derivatives: esters, amides, nitriles and others.

Classification of acrylic paints and varnishes

Depending on the chemical composition, polyacrylic resins can have a variety of physical properties: from glassy hard plastics to rubbery elastomers with elongation up to 1000...2000%. Absolutely colorless and do not darken during aging, relatively high heat resistance: they decompose at temperatures above 260 ° C, do not change color when heated to 175 ° C. In composition, they are close to nitrocellulose materials, but they began to be used as paints and varnishes much later.

The unique properties of polyacrylic resins explain their wide and varied applications, from classic organic glass and sanitary ware to fabrics and textiles.

Polyacrylic-based paints and varnishes are divided into:

• cold drying based on thermoplastic polymers;
• hot drying based on thermosetting polymers;
• water-soluble high-temperature drying;
• water emulsion natural drying.

In materials cold drying organic solvents are used, during the curing process they evaporate in 1 ... 3 hours at room temperature. In addition to film-forming polyacrylic resins, the composition includes plasticizers - esters. To increase the hardness of the coating, additives are used: phenol-formaldehyde resins, acetobutyrate and cellulose nitrate, and others. The content of non-volatile substances is up to 30%. For primers, pigments with passivating and anticorrosive properties are used. The advantages of materials include transparency and colorlessness of films, light and weather resistance, wide operating temperature range: -50…+180 °С.

Polyacrylic paints and varnishes stoving have higher performance. Drying is carried out within 15…30 minutes at temperatures of 125…180 °C. Acrylic thermoset oligomers contain terminal reactive groups that interact with each other or with curing agent groups at elevated temperatures. The composition of hot-drying paints and varnishes includes organic solvents and hardeners (driers). Additives are used to reduce the drying temperature, remove air and light stabilizers. The content of non-volatile substances is about 50%. Advantages of materials: high hardness and gloss, moisture resistance, good mechanical properties, weather resistance and service life.

Mixtures of alcohols, acetates, cellosolve, ketones, aromatic carbohydrates, and others are used as organic solvents for both types of materials. Inorganic and organic compounds are used as pigments.

High temperature drying water soluble polyacrylic paints allow to significantly reduce the harmful effects of water on the substrate, suggest the use of "metal". Elevated temperature polymerization optimizes the film formation process, the obtained spatially cross-linked polymers provide higher protective properties of the coating. Drying is carried out at temperatures of 110 ... 150 ° C for 10 ... 45 minutes. They have limited use.

Water based acrylic paint

Technical characteristics, in comparison with polyvinyl acetate and other water-based paints, have significant advantages: higher water resistance, weather resistance and physical and mechanical properties, resistance to aging and alkali action. Are applied to internal and external works in construction.

About popularity water-dispersion paints testifies to the Wikipedia article "Acrylic Paints", which does not even mention paints and varnishes based on organic solvents.

The composition of acrylic water-dispersion paints includes:

• monomers of acrylic copolymers;
• auxiliary monomers;
• water;
• pigments and fillers;
• functional additives.

If the monomers of acrylic copolymers are the basis of the paint and determine its "base" specifications, then additions of up to 10% of auxiliary monomers can significantly influence its properties and regulate them in relation to a specific intended purpose. In this case, it is possible to regulate not only the strength, hardness, elasticity, chemical resistance of the resulting coatings, but also the rheological parameters of the paint, its colloidal stability, and adhesion.

Pigments and fillers

Pigments not only provide the desired color and coverage of the coating, but are also used to increase resistance to UV radiation and other atmospheric factors.

As color pigments, mainly cheaper and weather-resistant inorganic chemical compounds are used: sulfides and oxides of chromium, iron, lead and other metals. For high quality white paint, rutile titanium dioxin is used, which has a high hiding power due to the high refractive index. Anatase modification of titanium dioxin at a lower price has a lower refractive index and reduced resistance to ultraviolet radiation.

Organic compounds are used less often, usually in the form of pigment pastes for tinting. Have more bright colours, lower atmospheric resistance and higher cost.

As a white organic pigment, additives of dispersions of non-film-forming polymers 300–400 µm in size are used, which form air-filled voids in the dried state, providing light scattering at the polymer/air interface. Additives provide a significant increase in opacity and a decrease in the content of expensive titanium dioxide, improve the distribution of its particles throughout the entire volume of the coating.

Natural minerals are mainly used as fillers: calcite, chalk, talc, dolomite, kaolin, barite, mica and others. The best results are shown by crystalline structure fillers with high reflectivity and reduced oil absorption.

Functional Additives

Auxiliary substances provide the necessary technological and operational characteristics. They regulate the process of film formation, facilitate the storage, preparation and application of paints and varnishes, ensure the stability of paints and the durability of coatings. Give materials special properties.

Functional supplements include:

• emulsifiers and surfactants;
• initiators;
• organic solvents (coalescents);
• stabilizers;
• preservatives/biocides;
• defoamers.

Emulsifiers and surfactants optimize the distribution of pigments and fillers by changing the wetting and stability of the primary particles. Reducing the surface tension of emulsions due to the introduction of surfactants provides the necessary wettability of the painted surface for the formation of a defect-free coating. Initiators allow you to control the beginning and the process of polymerization.

Additives of organic solvents (coalescents) optimize the polymerization process, perform the function of temporary plasticizers. Evaporate during the drying process, reduce the rate of film formation, increase film strength and frost resistance of the dispersion.

Stabilizers suppress the tendency of component particles to coagulate, agglomerate and settle, caused, among other things, by the thermodynamic instability of polymer dispersions. As stabilizers, neutralizing agents and buffer substances are used, which increase ionic compatibility and reduce dispersion flocculation.

Preservatives suppress the possible development of microorganisms such as mold, bacteria and fungi during the period from the manufacture of the paint to its use. Defoamers reduce both the excess formation of surface foam and internal microfoam during production and transportation. Thickeners regulate rheological properties.

Types and application of acrylic paint

According to the intended purpose, acrylic paint and varnish products can be:

• for wood;
• for fabric;
• on glass;
• elastomeric - for surfaces subjected to deformation (bending, elongation, torsion);
• on concrete;
• for metal;
• automotive;
• for outdoor work, including facade;
• for interior work, it is divided into the following types: for walls, floors, ceilings, baths and others;
• texture or plaster;
• artistic;
• in aerosol cans.

Artistic use

Compared to oil paints, they have several advantages:

• durability, lightfastness, does not turn yellow and does not crack over time;
• elasticity, strength of adhesion to the surface, which allows the use on flexible materials;
• water resistance after drying;
• practically any materials for application: fabric, paper, ceramics, glass, wood, plastic, leather and more;
• good hiding power, diluted with water or solvents;
• acrylic paint has rich, bright colors, dozens of shades;
• versatility, variety of use techniques, transparency regulation, use in airbrushing.

The quick drying time of acrylic paint is generally considered an advantage, but requires extra attention and care when using. If the paint has dried, then it will not be possible to dilute it with water. Paint containers must not be left open. Difficult to use palette. To increase the drying time, retarders are used or periodic spraying with water from a spray bottle. Desirable Preliminary processing primer before painting, which reduces not only the drying rate, but also the consumption of paint.

Painting with acrylic paints of decorative and applied arts is widely used everywhere. Possible receipt various degrees of gloss of the paint surface, from glossy to matte, which expands the possibility of its use, improves the design of products. Acrylic varnish is applied for additional protection of the painting.

The quality and price of paints for drawing can vary significantly. Sets can have from several colors to several dozen. In any case, do not mix colors different brands, since the composition of different manufacturers can vary significantly, which affects their compatibility. In addition, when mixing more than three colors, their brightness may decrease and a “dim” color scheme will result.

Acrylic paint: advantages and disadvantages

Acrylic paints and varnishes have the following advantages:

• strength, elasticity, transparency;
• good adhesion;
• coatings with varying degrees of gloss, from glossy to matte surfaces;
• in terms of durability, it is several times higher than oil and alkyd paints;
• weather resistance, light resistance, resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
• well amenable to grinding and polishing;
• use temperature -50…+175 °С;
• washable, resistant to mineral and vegetable oils, greases and gasoline;
• high manufacturability, simplicity and ease of application,
• fast drying: 15…30 minutes at high temperature drying, 1…3 hours at room temperature;
• ecological harmlessness, have no smell;
• fire safety of water-based and water-soluble paints.

Among the shortcomings can be noted.