How to grow large onions from sets. Getting an early harvest of onions
Fig, fig, fig tree - these are all names of the same plant, which we strongly associate with Mediterranean life. Anyone who has ever tasted fig fruits knows how delicious it is. But, in addition to a delicate sweet taste, they are also very healthy. And here is an interesting detail: it turns out that figs are completely unpretentious plant. In addition, it can be successfully grown on a plot in middle lane or at home - in a container.
Quite often, difficulties in growing tomato seedlings arise even in experienced summer residents. For some, all seedlings turn out to be elongated and weak, for others, they suddenly begin to fall and die. The thing is that it is difficult to maintain ideal conditions for growing seedlings in an apartment. Seedlings of any plants need to provide a lot of light, sufficient humidity and optimal temperature. What else do you need to know and observe when growing tomato seedlings in an apartment?
Delicious vinaigrette with apple and sauerkraut - a vegetarian salad of boiled and chilled, raw, pickled, salted, pickled vegetables and fruits. The name comes from a French vinegar sauce, olive oil and mustard (vinaigrette). Vinaigrette appeared in Russian cuisine not so long ago, around the beginning of the 19th century, perhaps the recipe was borrowed from Austrian or German cuisine, since the ingredients for the Austrian herring salad are very similar.
When we dreamily sort out bright bags of seeds in our hands, we are sometimes subconsciously sure that we have a prototype of the future plant. We mentally allocate a place for him in the flower garden and look forward to the cherished day of the appearance of the first bud. However, buying seeds does not always guarantee that you will eventually get the desired flower. I would like to draw attention to the reasons why the seeds may not sprout or die at the very beginning of germination.
Spring is coming, and gardeners have more work to do, and with the onset of heat, changes in the garden are happening rapidly. Buds are already beginning to swell on plants that were still sleeping yesterday, everything literally comes to life before our eyes. After a long winter, this can not but rejoice. But along with the garden, its problems come to life - pests and pathogens. Weevils, flower beetles, aphids, clasterosporiasis, maniliasis, scab, powdery mildew- the list can be very long.
Breakfast toast with avocado and egg salad is a great start to the day. The egg salad in this recipe acts as a thick sauce that is seasoned with fresh vegetables and shrimp. My egg salad quite unusual, this is a dietary version of everyone's favorite snack - with Feta cheese, Greek yogurt and red caviar. If you have time in the morning, never deny yourself the pleasure of cooking something tasty and healthy. The day should start with positive emotions!
Perhaps every woman at least once received a gift blooming orchid. It is not surprising, because such a lively bouquet looks amazing and blooms for a long time. Orchids are not very difficult to grow. indoor crops, but not fulfilling the main conditions for their maintenance often leads to the loss of a flower. If you are just getting started with indoor orchids, you should find out the right answers to the main questions on growing these beautiful plants in home.
Lush cheesecakes with poppy seeds and raisins, prepared according to this recipe, are eaten in my family in the blink of an eye. Moderately sweet, plump, tender, with an appetizing crust, without excess oil, in a word, exactly the same as mother or grandmother fried in childhood. If the raisins are very sweet, then granulated sugar can not be added at all, without sugar, cheesecakes will be better fried and will never burn. Cook them in a well-heated frying pan, greased with oil, over low heat and without a lid!
Cherry tomatoes differ from their large counterparts not only in the small size of the berries. Many varieties of cherry are characterized by a unique sweet taste, which is very different from the classic tomato. Anyone who has never tasted such cherry tomatoes with their eyes closed may well decide that they are tasting some unusual Exotic fruits. In this article, I will talk about five different cherry tomatoes that have the sweetest fruits of unusual colors.
I started growing annual flowers in the garden and on the balcony more than 20 years ago, but I will never forget my first petunia, which I planted in the country along the path. Only a couple of decades have passed, but one wonders how different petunias of the past are from today's many-sided hybrids! In this article, I propose to trace the history of the transformation of this flower from a simpleton into a real queen of annuals, as well as consider modern varieties of unusual colors.
Salad with spicy chicken, mushrooms, cheese and grapes - fragrant and satisfying. This dish can be served as a main dish if you are preparing a cold dinner. Cheese, nuts, mayonnaise are high-calorie foods, combined with spicy fried chicken and mushrooms, a very nutritious snack is obtained, which is refreshed by sweet and sour grapes. The chicken fillet in this recipe is marinated in a spicy mixture of ground cinnamon, turmeric and chili powder. If you like food with a spark, use hot chili.
The question is how to grow healthy seedlings, all summer residents are concerned in early spring. It seems that there are no secrets here - the main thing for fast and strong seedlings is to provide them with warmth, moisture and light. But in practice, in a city apartment or a private house, this is not so easy to do. Certainly, everyone experienced gardener there is a proven way to grow seedlings. But today we will talk about a relatively new assistant in this matter - the propagator.
The variety of tomato "Sanka" is one of the most popular in Russia. Why? The answer is simple. He is the very first to bear fruit in the garden. Tomatoes ripen when other varieties have not even faded yet. Of course, if you follow the recommendations for growing and make an effort, even a novice grower will get a rich harvest and joy from the process. And so that efforts are not in vain, we advise you to plant high-quality seeds. For example, such as seeds from TM "Agrosuccess".
Task indoor plants in the house - decorate your home with your appearance, create a special atmosphere of comfort. For this we are ready to take care of them regularly. Care is not only watering on time, although this is also important. It is necessary to create other conditions: suitable lighting, humidity and air temperature, make the correct and timely transplant. For experienced flower growers there is nothing supernatural in this. But beginners often face certain difficulties.
Delicate chicken breast cutlets with champignons are easy to prepare according to this recipe with step by step photos. There is an opinion that it is difficult to cook juicy and tender cutlets from chicken breast, this is not so! Chicken meat contains practically no fat, which is why it is dry. But, if you add cream to the chicken fillet, White bread and mushrooms with onions, you get awesome tasty cutlets that both children and adults will like. In the mushroom season, try adding forest mushrooms to the minced meat.
The onion family includes such common plants in our gardens as onion batun, onion, shallot. They are grown for the sake of obtaining the first spring greens, rich in vitamins and phytoncides, as well as bulbs that are used in cooking. different dishes and in conservation. Most onions are unpretentious crops, and grow good harvest subject to certain simple rules even a novice gardener can.
It is not recommended to grow onions in one place for more than 2 years. The best predecessors for onions cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes and legumes. In addition, you can plant onions and garlic after beets, zucchini, squash. Bad predecessors are carrots and tomatoes.
Pests. The main pests of onions are onion flies. To combat them, in the fall, dig up the ridges on which onions or garlic grew, treat the seed material with insecticides before planting, and warm the onion sets for 24 hours at a temperature of + 40-45 degrees. A good result is the use of ash or tobacco dust, if they are sprinkled with onion beds, as well as watering the plants with a solution of water and table salt(200 g per bucket of water).
Major illnesses. Of the diseases that affect onions, cervical rot, as well as downy mildew, can cause the greatest damage to the crop. For control and prevention, immediately after harvesting, it is recommended to dig up the soil and add slaked lime or ash. Damaged plants are recommended to be burned.
How to grow onions
Onions are a universally familiar crop grown for bulbs and for feathers (i.e., for greens). There are several varieties of onions that differ in ripening time, bulb color and taste. A good harvest of this crop can be obtained several times a year: in spring and summer in the garden, in autumn and winter in greenhouses. Not a large number of greens can be grown even in an apartment on the windowsill.
Temperature regime. Onion is a completely cold-resistant crop, its seeds germinate well at + 3-5 degrees. And the optimal temperature for growing a plant is 23-25 ° C, more hot weather can negatively affect crop yields.
Landing methods
To obtain bulbs, plants are planted in the ground, using seedlings and without seedling method, also onions can be grown from sets.
Seedless cultivation. The easiest way to plant onions is seedless. Sow the seeds directly into the ground, deepening them into the soil by 1-1.5 cm (so that seedlings appear faster, pre-soak the seeds).
The onion crop can be harvested 23-24 weeks after planting, which makes this method cultivation suitable only for areas with a mild climate, in which planting can be carried out in early spring. In the middle lane when landing in open ground onions may not have time to ripen, so in order to get a good harvest, use winter sowing or seedling method.
Winter sowing is carried out after the onset of stable cold weather so that the onion does not have time to germinate. Prepare the beds in advance before the soil freezes. Sow the seeds in furrows to a depth of 5-6 cm, sprinkle with a layer of humus 2-3 cm on top.
Growing onions through seedlings. To receive strong seedlings sow seeds in March in shallow boxes or special cassettes. use for finished soil mixtures or fertile garden soil. After sowing, cover the boxes with foil and keep the temperature within 18-25 ° C, when shoots appear, transfer the boxes to a cool place (10-12 ° C) so that the sprouts do not stretch.
After a week, you can increase the temperature by 6-8 ° C. Shelter for several hours a day, remove for ventilation. Water the onion seedlings every 2-3 days. You can feed her 1-2 times min. fertilizers (20 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of potassium chloride and 40 g of superphosphate per bucket of water).
Planting seedlings in open ground. Before planting seedlings in open ground, it is good to harden it.
Seedlings are best planted at a distance between rows of 10-12 cm, between plants in a row - 6 cm. In order not to damage the roots of plants when planting, it is best to transplant onions with a clod of earth. Before planting, water the soil abundantly on previously prepared ridges.
Planting onion seedlings.
The easiest way to plant onions. A less troublesome way to grow onions in areas with a temperate and cool climate is to plant sevka (small onions grown from seeds). Landing is carried out in the first decade of May, making holes with a scoop or a peg and deepening the bulbs by about 1 cm (try not to sprinkle the neck with earth). Plant sets 20-25 cm apart between rows and 5-10 cm between bulbs. It is convenient to use a two-row tape planting at a distance of 20-35 cm between rows and 5-10 cm between bulbs.
In closed ground, when growing onions on a feather (on greens), use sets as planting material.
Preparing the soil for planting onions
A good harvest can only be obtained when planted in well-lit, sunny areas with rich soil. Onions do not tolerate stagnant moisture, so this crop works best in drained areas. The soil on them should not be clay.
A plot for growing onions is best prepared in the fall. Dig up the ground to the depth of a shovel bayonet, remove weed roots, apply rotted manure, mineral fertilizers. Loosen in the spring upper layer soil, then level everything with a rake.
How to water
Podzimnaya landing Luke.
Onions during the formation and growth of leaves should be watered regularly (in May - once a week, and in June - once every 10 days), between waterings, loosen the soil between the rows and carefully weed out the weeds. However, remember that a completely different humidity regime is needed for the bulbs to ripen, so stop watering completely 3-4 weeks before harvesting.
When growing onions on greens in protected ground, water the soil as it dries and loosen it between waterings.
How to feed and fertilize onions
When growing onions in open ground, fertilize per 1 m2 according to the following scheme: in autumn, when preparing the soil, add 4 kg of compost and 100 g of potassium sulfate; in the spring before planting - 25 g of nitrogen fertilizers; after the formation of the first leaves - 20 g of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, and 5-7 days after that, fertilize the plants with manure diluted in water (in a ratio of 1: 10) or bird droppings(in proportion 1:20).
To get a good harvest, carry out one more top dressing during the formation of the bulbs: apply more phosphorus-potassium fertilizers at the rate of 15-25 g per 1 m2.
If you notice that the onion is growing slowly and its leaves have turned white, add a mixture of 200 g of mullein and 20 g of urea dissolved in a bucket of water. After 15 days, feed the plants with another solution of nitrophoska.
Onions grown by sowing seeds (nigella) are fed for the first time in the phase of the appearance of the fourth leaf with mullein infusion (1:10) or chicken manure(1:20), consumption - a bucket of 3-4 square meters. m. In the aisles, grooves are made 6-8 cm deep, they are watered with a fertilizer infusion and covered with soil. Two weeks later, a second top dressing is carried out: a teaspoon of urea and potassium sulfate, 2 teaspoons of superphosphate per square meter. m.
When growing onions on a feather in open or closed ground, apply complex fertilizers(1 time in 10 days).
Planting and growing leeks
Leek is a relatively new culture in our country, found in vegetable gardens less often than other bulbs. This type of onion is more common in the southern regions (this is due to the rather long period from germination to harvest).
Leek is grown to obtain a thickened lower white part of the stem (this plant does not form bulbs), if desired, young green leaves can also be used as food. The main conditions for obtaining a good harvest of this crop are right choice land for planting and timely fertilization.
Temperature regime
To get a good harvest, the average temperature during the growing season should be 17-23 ° C, although in general the crop is cold-resistant and can withstand short-term frosts down to -7 ° C.
When growing leeks in seedlings, plant seedlings in the ground when the soil warms up to +10 ° C.
Planting leeks
In the southern regions of our country, leeks can be grown by sowing in open ground, in regions with a cool climate, a seedling method of growing is recommended - in this case, you can get a crop in the year of sowing (approximately 45-60 days from the moment the seedlings were planted in the beds) . The ripening time depends on the early maturity of the variety, on weather conditions and fulfillment of agrotechnical requirements.
To speed up the emergence of seedlings, pre-wet and germinate the seeds. Seedling care is about the same as when growing onions: water the seedlings regularly. You can apply liquid complex fertilizers once. Optimum temperature for the growth of leek seedlings - 18-25 ° C before seed germination and 14-16 ° C after emergence. If the temperature is higher and the lighting is insufficient, the seedlings will stretch.
Plant seedlings in the ground in late April or early May. Plant in furrows 10-15 cm deep (distance between individual plants not less than 10 cm). After 2 weeks, fill the furrows with fertile soil.
The soil should be fertile and always loose, preferably neutral. On the acidic soils it will not be possible to get a good crop of leeks.
How to water onions
Planting leeks.
Leek is a moisture-loving plant, so be sure to water it regularly from planting until the end of the growing season, increasing the frequency of watering during the dry months. After each watering, loosen the row spacing.
Hilling onions
In order to grow juicy bleached stems and a high yield, hill the leeks 3-4 times per season. And of course, besides this, do not forget to weed out and loosen the soil.
top dressing
Feed the leeks regularly - without this, you will not be able to get a good harvest. Of particular importance for leeks are nitrogen fertilizers- they are especially needed in the second half of summer, when greenery is actively formed.
The best would be the alternation of liquid organic fertilizers, for example, an aqueous solution of mullein 1: 8 or bird droppings 1:20 at the rate of 3 liters per 1 sq. m. and mineral fertilizers (for example, a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate at the rate of 15-20 g per 1 m2).
Planting and growing shallots
Shallots or family, multi-celled onions, valued for their early maturity and taste qualities. This species is less common than onions. In one nest, several medium-sized bulbs are formed, which have a less pungent taste than ordinary onions. Shallots can be grown outdoors for bulbs and feathers, indoors for feathers. Shallot leaves do not coarsen for a long time and remain juicy.
Temperature regime
Shallots tolerate low temperatures well. If left to winter, it can easily withstand soil freezing down to -20 degrees, and in spring the greens will appear earlier than other types of onions. The optimum temperature for shallots during the growing season is 20-24 °C.
Planting shallots
Growing shallots.
Shallots are the easiest to propagate vegetatively- planting bulbs, and for growing new varieties, seed propagation is preferable.
Soak bulbs before planting for 20-30 minutes in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, and then rinse with cold water.
Landing is carried out in spring (from late April to early May) or autumn (from late September to early October). For spring planting use medium bulbs (3-4 cm in diameter), for autumn - smaller ones (about 2 cm in diameter).
Plant bulbs to a depth of 2-4 cm, when planting in autumn, mulch them with peat or earth with a layer of 3-4 cm.
To obtain large shallot bulbs, experienced gardeners suggest planting in the spring, planting bulbs 15 cm apart, and 30 cm between rows. During the growing process, periodically pull out one bulb from each nest (they can be used for food), so that by autumn 1-2 bulbs remained in each nest.
When growing shallots on a feather in protected ground, plant from the second half of February, then in the spring you will harvest the first crop of greens.
When forcing shallots on a feather, the bulbs can be reused. To do this, after cutting the greens, remove them from the soil, cut them across and plant them again in boxes or pots with a fertile soil mixture.
tillage
When growing shallots outdoors in the spring, remove the covering material from the beds as early as possible so that the soil warms up faster. In this case, you will speed up the harvest of greens.
After germination, loosen the soil between the rows and rows and carefully weed the weeds.
It is recommended to loosen the aisles 2-3 times during the summer to a depth of 5-6 cm, after each watering it is enough to loosen the ground to a depth of 3-5 cm. During loosening, it is not recommended to add soil to the plants themselves, as this slows down the ripening of the bulbs.
If you are growing shallots in a greenhouse, loosen the soil not deep, but after each watering.
Watering
In the first half of the growing season, water shallots regularly: from May to mid-July - 3-4 times a week, in hot and dry weather, you can increase the number of waterings. In the second half of summer, you need to water less, and you can stop watering 2-3 weeks before harvesting the bulbs.
Indoors, water shallots regularly but sparingly. Loosen after each watering.
How to feed shallots
During the entire growing season, it is recommended to feed shallots 1-2 times (this is enough to get a rich harvest both in open and protected ground). Use an aqueous solution of mullein (in a ratio of 1:10), bird droppings (in a ratio of 1:15) or complex min. fertilizers (at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water).
Planting and growing onions - batun
Onion is a batun perennial, it can be grown both in open ground and in greenhouses. In one place, the plant can be successfully grown for several years, but in the third year its yield decreases, the leaves become coarser.
In culture, there are several varieties of onion-batun, which can be divided into two main groups. Early-ripening peninsulas give a harvest in early spring, late-ripening spicy ones ripen 30-40 days later. Growing onions is not difficult, especially if you plant disease-resistant varieties.
Temperature regime
Batun onion is a winter-hardy crop, it tolerates frosts down to -45 ° C. The optimum temperature for vegetation is 19-23 °C.
Sowing onion - batun
Batun onions can be propagated by seedlings and seedless. Planting seeds in open ground begins at the end of April, to a depth of 2 cm. The easiest way is row sowing at a distance of 40-50 cm between rows, but you can also use a tape sowing scheme: sow seeds in 2-5 lines at a distance of 10 cm between rows and the same number between plants.
Onions - batun easily propagated vegetatively. To do this, simply divide the bushes and plant each onion separately. It is best to do this in the spring or late summer. Plant the bulbs in rows.
For a good harvest, plant spring onions, or at least summer or early autumn.
For forcing in the winter, dig up a few plants in the fall and transplant them into boxes, put them in a warm, bright place and water 2-3 times a week.
Getting an early harvest of onions
To get early greens in late February - early March, plant onions in tunnel-type film greenhouses. This method will allow you to get a crop two or even three weeks earlier (at the same time, it will be 1.5-2 times higher than when growing onions in open ground).
You can also use a frameless shelter: sow the seeds of onion-batun in open ground and cover with perforated film, sprinkling it around the edges with earth.
For forcing on a feather, onions can also be grown in a greenhouse. In the fall, plant delenki in rows, and already in March, when the onion leaves grow 15-20 cm, harvest the first crop.
When growing onions in a greenhouse, make small furrows on the ridges, plant onions in them and cover them with soil. To get a good harvest, maintain a temperature of + 10-15 C in the greenhouse, gradually increasing it to 20 C. Optimal Humidity air - 70-80%. 7-10 days after planting, apply mineral fertilizers to the soil.
loosening
Loosening the row spacing is the key to getting a good onion crop. A few days after the first weeding, loosen the soil between the rows of plants.
Watering
To get fresh juicy greens, do not forget to water the onion-batun (with a lack of moisture, its leaves coarsen and become bitter). The recommended rate is 3-4 times a week for 10-20 l / m2. 3-4 hours after watering, loosen the aisles.
How to feed onions - batun
To get a good onion crop, do not forget to feed it with mullein diluted in a ratio of 1: 8 or bird droppings (1: 20), one feeding per season is enough. After harvesting, it is desirable to apply liquid mineral fertilizers (50 g of ammonium nitrate, 3 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium chloride per 10 liters of water).
The bed, as a rule, is ready in the fall; usually, after cabbage or zucchini, pumpkin, strawberries, green manure. After harvesting, I cover it with lime and cover it with black spunbond until spring.
It happens that I prepare the garden immediately after winter. I always choose a sunny and dry place, and as soon as the earth warms up, I dig a trench, lay overripe compost, sand, garden soil, I spill it with Baikal-EM and cover it with a film and black spunbond. On such a bed, weeds do not grow due to lack of light, and the soil warms up faster, and beneficial microorganisms start working early.
In the spring, on the day of planting, I open the bed, add ash (1-2 cups per 1 m²), full mineral fertilizer for onions, loosen, spill with Fitosporin solution.
Selection of seed material.
Choose a variety that suits your climate zone and resistant to various diseases.
From a large assortment in the garden shop I prefer oblong sevka elongated shape: for some reason, just such a one on my site gives a guaranteed healthy and numerous crop. I buy sevok in February, and in early spring I sort out planting material, remove diseased, dried onions, sorting them by size.
To get a good turnip, the ideal dimensions would be 2 cm wide and 3 cm high. I find such an “ideal” and select the seed material according to it, plus or minus 0.5 cm. I “reject” everything that is smaller and plant it in a greenhouse along the edge of the garden on green feathers. This is not some kind of whim, but a well-founded decision: there is no good supply in a set that is too small nutrients, so a small turnip grows, and the plants are weak, with belated shoots and head ripening a week later.
After this work, I pour the remaining onion into a box, sprinkle it with ashes and clean it in a dry place before planting in the garden.
For 1 m² of beds, you will need about 0.5-0.8 kg of seedlings.
Boarding times.
It's hard to choose every time correct timing landings: early to land, there is a risk of getting a large number of arrows if the landings freeze, and late - it may not have time to ripen good and large head. Difficulties, of course, arise due to weather cataclysms: during the day it is very hot, up to + 15 ° C, and at night the temperature drops to -10 ° C.
So I'm stocking up nonwoven fabric and... waiting for the weather (ツ)
It is necessary that the soil warms up to at least + 12 ° C., from about May 15. Onion sets can withstand slight frosts, down to -3 ° C, but it is better that this does not happen, otherwise wait for shooting. And, as a rule, onions still in the ground tolerate a lower temperature. With the emergence of seedlings, susceptibility to low temperatures only increases.
Preparing seeds for planting.
The next common question is whether or not to cut off the top of the set.
Through trial and error, I came to the conclusion that if you want to get more greenery, then you should cut off the top by approximately 0.3 mm; and if you need a crop of good onions, then it is better not to cut, but pinch off the dry apical ponytails.
The soaked and cut sevok grows better, as the bottom of the bulb gets wet, which facilitates root formation, and growth accelerates for greenery. Only sections must be treated from the penetration of all kinds of pests and pathogens. I do it this way: I soak the seed in a warm Fitosporin solution for 3 hours, then filter and mix with ash. And I’m planting such a “dirty” sevok. Plants develop better.
Pruning should be done on the day of planting.
Remember that if you plant, then you can not cut it.
To get greens on the table faster, I separately plant onion sets on a feather. I do this back in March-April in the greenhouse.
Landing.
For even landings, you can use egg cages, only each hole will have to be further deepened a little.
If the earth is loose, then the onion can be stuck into the ground, holding it by the side. It is necessary to hold it so that when lowering into the ground, it is not the root that breaks through the soil, but your fingertips.
(see photo next).
Planting depth depends on the size of the sowing and should not exceed two of its height. The distance between the rows is no more than 10 cm, and the rows themselves are no more than 5-7 cm. If necessary, I thin out using onions for cooking.
If the ground is not soft enough, then firstly, add sand, and secondly, make small grooves, for example, with a flat cutter, tamp the bottom and spread the sevok bottom down, loosen.
I immediately cover the beds with spunbond, if there are severe frosts, which is not uncommon, then I put on the second layer.
I plant sevok not only in a separate bed, but also for carrots, beets, and tomatoes on the street. But there, basically, there are onions, which I then pull out with green feathers for food.
I liked using the hydrogel when planting. So I was able to get rid of the rotting of the bulbs in a rainy summer: the hydrogel took away excess moisture and gave it away only when it was necessary for the plants.
Sevkom care.
Fighting onion fly.
I do one preventive watering from a pest: 100 gr. coarse salt on a 5-liter watering can with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. Instead of watering with salt water, you can sprinkle salt when planting a seed.
You can also sprinkle the earth with ash with tobacco dust, 1 m² ½ cup each.
If possible, I keep landing with onions longer under arches with spunbond; in this way I protect them from the onion fly, whose years begin with the flowering of cherries and dandelions.
And I already wrote, but I repeat, “To protect against the onion fly, I advise you to throw a couple of carrot seeds every meter when planting in rows. Of course, you will not harvest the crop, but the smell of carrots repels a fly.
Peronosporosis, prevention and control measures.
dry the soil by stopping watering and increasing loosening work;
add ash - 1 glass per 1 m².,
will help and strait with a solution of Fitosporin,
Metaxil, Ordan, Proton - preparations of the 3rd hazard class, contact-systemic action, spraying on young leaves and at the beginning of bulb formation; protect, have a long-term preventive and curative effect.
Peronosporosis or downy mildew - fungal disease, one of the most common onion diseases. You can notice it after three weeks: the leaves are twisted, practically do not grow, yellow spots and purple, and then gray bloom appear.
The disease occurs in low light, damp and rainy weather, low temperatures up to + 15 ° C. The fungus overwinters on plant debris or seed material. Infection is transmitted by spores of the fungus with the wind and over a long distance.
If you prepare the sevok and the bed, as described above, then downy mildew will bypass you.
You need to fight the disease as soon as you see its first signs:
After harvesting, the leaves must be burned.
As can be seen from the article, growing turnip seedlings is a rather troublesome business, but the most difficult work takes place in the spring. If you perform it carefully and correctly, then in the future you will free yourself from additional watering, fertilizing, and pest control. Planting sevka will only need to be weeded and loosened.
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Green and onions have been loved by everyone since ancient times. Without it, it is difficult to imagine almost any dish of national cuisine. There is an opinion that onions are quite easy to grow, but in order to get large and fleshy heads, as well as long and juicy "feathers", some effort is needed. How to grow onions at home?
planting material
Onion sets for planting in the ground are well known to all gardeners who want to grow this vegetable crop at home. That's what bulbs are called big size obtained by sprouting onion seeds.
When purchasing planting material, you should pay attention to its quality, since the future harvest directly depends on it. The size of the bulbs is considered optimal - 1.5-2 cm. Planting material less than the indicated parameters runs the risk of drying out with a lack of moisture. In doing so, attention should be paid to appearance sevka - it must be tight, strong, not have traces of damage by pests, not be dried or rotten.
Planting sevka
Before planting in the ground, it is important to properly prepare the planting material. To do this, it is necessary to warm the onion for several hours at a temperature of 40 degrees, and then soak in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes to disinfect. Can be used instead of potassium permanganate modern drugs, such as "Fitosporin", "Gamair", "Planriz".
It is necessary to plant onions at a distance of 4-6 cm from each other, while between the rows there should be a free space of 40 cm. The planting depth is regulated by the size of the sowing, however, the tail of the onion must necessarily look out.
Seedlings appear approximately 9-10 days after planting in open ground. During this period, it is necessary to moisten the earth if it is too dry, and also gently fluff it. However, this should be done as carefully as possible so as not to damage the delicate roots. vegetable crop.
Growing from seed
Some gardeners, having a negative experience of growing onion from sets, germinate the seeds on their own. To do this, place the seeds in a moist and warm environment (a soft cloth dampened with water is ideal). After germinating the seeds, it is necessary to place them in the ground and wait for the shoots. After some time, small bulbs will form - sets. They need to be cleaned of soil and stored in a dark, cool room. Onion sets are suitable for planting next year.
How to grow onions from seeds? There are two known methods:
- Seedless cultivation is practiced in areas with a temperate climate. To do this, it is necessary to sow onion seeds (nigella) directly into open ground to a depth of 1.5-2 cm. To speed up germination, you can soak the seeds in warm water. In this way, a vegetable crop is planted in early spring, and 24 weeks after that, you can harvest. Unfortunately, this method is not suitable for the northern regions, since the onion does not have time to fully ripen.
- Podzimnaya planting involves planting seeds in winter period. for this, it is necessary to place them in the ground to a depth of 6-7 cm and pour a layer of humus 2-3 cm on top. It is recommended to prepare beds for onions in advance, before the ground has time to freeze.
When choosing a method for growing onions, it is necessary to focus on the climatic conditions of the growing region, as well as on personal preferences regarding the convenience of planting.
seedling cultivation
Even experienced gardeners are wondering how to grow onions in order to get the highest yield possible. In addition to acquiring ready-made planting material in the form of seedlings and planting nigella (onion seeds) in open ground, there is a seedling method of cultivation.
To simplify cultivation, it is recommended to use special containers or boxes for seedlings, as well as ready-made soil mixtures. For seedlings, it is necessary to sow the seeds in the ground, moisten it and cover with a film until germination. The temperature in this case should be about 18-25 degrees, and after the appearance of sprouts, it must be reduced to 10-12 degrees to prevent stretching.
A week after the appearance of the first shoots, you can increase the ambient temperature to 18-20 degrees. In the same period, it is necessary to remove the film daily for some time in order to ventilate the seedlings.
Watering is carried out as needed, but it should be remembered that the soil must always have moderate moisture. It is also recommended to fertilize with ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride and superphosphate. When the seedlings are about 10 cm in size, they are considered ready for planting in open ground.
Landing features
How to grow onions to get the most high yield? To do this, it is necessary to take into account all possible nuances when planting a vegetable crop. For example, onions love fertile lands and are reluctant to grow on clay soils. In addition, the vegetable loves sunny areas and good lighting throughout the daylight hours.
The size of the beds is determined by the gardener based on the free space on the site. However, the row spacing should be about 40 cm, this will allow the formation of large bulbs.
Planting time varies from region of residence of the gardener. In the strip temperate climate this is the end of April - the beginning of May, when the earth is already warm enough. Also, 3 weeks after planting, it is recommended to treat the crops with Bordeaux liquid to prevent the appearance of a variety of fungal infections.
top dressing
Fertilization is necessary for the formation of large bulbs and large green feathers. The first top dressing is necessary in the phase of active growth of green onions. To do this, you need to dissolve 25 g of urea in a bucket of water. room temperature and apply under each plant.
The second top dressing is necessary 3 weeks after the first (approximately in the first half of June). It is produced using superphosphate and potassium salt in proportions of 20 and 10 g, respectively, per bucket. clean water. You can also use nitroammophoska in the amount of 2 tablespoons for a similar amount of liquid.
How to grow onions without the use of mineral and organic fertilizers? This is possible only on chernozem soils, however, even with such favorable conditions there is no guarantee that the harvest will please with abundance. On poor soils, it is also recommended to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
Watering
Tips for growing onions always include information about watering vegetables. With moderate humidity and regular natural precipitation, watering should be done once every 2 weeks. In dry weather - once a week. at the same time, it is necessary to loosen the soil to destroy pests and provide air access to the roots. In the last month before harvesting, watering stops completely. However, it is necessary to continue to regularly loosen the soil.
Pest control
How to grow onions from seeds or seedlings with minimal damage from various insects and diseases? Most often, bulbs are susceptible to fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, root rot or pests - onion fly, nematode, thrips, hoverfly.
When the first signs of damage appear (withering, light spots on feathers, curling), it is necessary to treat the vegetables with biological insecticides. Apply chemicals it is highly undesirable for processing, especially if onions are grown on a feather.
Harvesting
How to grow onions is already known, it is also necessary to know when and how to harvest. The degree of maturity can be determined by the feathers of the plant, which begin to dry out. Harvesting must be done in dry and sunny weather by pulling the bulbs out of the ground. After that, they must be decomposed and dried for 7-10 days for fresh air. If the vegetables are not dried, then there is a high probability of rotting during long-term storage.
Growing vegetables in winter
In the cold season, the desire to eat fresh herbs intensifies. How to grow at home? There are several ways:
- Growing onions for greens (as the easiest way) can take place on the water. To do this, you need to take a strong onion from the store and insert it with roots into a glass of water. In this case, you can cut the tail - this will accelerate germination. It remains only to wait for the growth of onion feathers and timely replace the water with fresh water.
- How to grow onions on a windowsill on the ground? To do this, you need to take the earth for flowers and pour it into a container. Then plant the store bulb in the ground and water it. Green feathers will appear within a week after planting. When using this method, rotting of the bulb and the accompanying unpleasant odor can be avoided.
The question of how to grow onions on the windowsill was asked by almost any housewife. There are several secrets:
- in order to get the most delicious harvest, you can highlight the "beds" with a lamp;
- if you plant bulbs in flower pots, then you can create not only a useful, but also a beautiful "garden" on the windowsill;
- to increase the juiciness of feathers, they can be sprayed periodically with water from a spray bottle.
There are no special secrets on how to grow onions in winter, because these methods are familiar to everyone from early childhood.
For those who know how to grow onions, but want to expand their knowledge, a selection of recommendations from experienced gardeners:
- Every year, to grow this vegetable crop, it is necessary to change the place of growth, since repeated cultivation in the same area can adversely affect the quality of the onion heads.
- Onions cannot be hilled, but they respond positively to shallow loosening of the soil.
- The soil must not be allowed to dry out, otherwise the vegetable risks growing insufficiently juicy.
- If an unwanted arrow with seeds begins to form on the onion, then it must be removed, otherwise all the power will go into it, and the bulb will be small.
How to grow green onion, it is useful to know not only gardeners, but also housewives, since the taste of fresh feathers of this vegetable can significantly improve the taste of many dishes. In addition, its cultivation at home is not particularly difficult.