How to get an early harvest of radishes in an unheated greenhouse, an overview of varieties. Features of planting and growing radishes in a greenhouse, preparation, care

Seasonal consumption of fresh herbs has long been year-round. To do this, even in the coldest regions, greenhouses are being built. Greenhouse farming requires special agricultural techniques for growing crops. It's connected with at great expense in the dead of winter to heat and light large areas. Growing radishes in a greenhouse, forcing onions and lettuce will cause less difficulty. These crops grow quickly, several turns can be made during the winter.

Soil preparation

Radish roots go into the soil to a depth of 25 cm. Therefore, sowing into the soil requires a loose fertile substrate, which will be filled at the rate of one hundred square meters:

• humus - 500 kg;
• - 3.0-4.5 kg;
• potassium magnesia - 3.0 or sulfate sulfate - 1.8 kg;
• ammonium nitrate - 2.5 kg.

Careful digging of the soil with these components will ensure the rapid development of radishes. You can not use fresh manure, the radish will be tasteless and tough.

Winter sowing of radish on the soil involves heating. A warm water or electrical circuit must be laid. Another method of heating will be the foundation of the ridges using biofuels. Laid down plant remains and manure burn and release heat, the earth remains optimally heated in the middle of winter. Such a bed can work with autumn cultivation radish in a greenhouse.

Without soil heating winter cultivation can be on racks in a container way. This allows you to repeatedly increase the use of a warm circuit. Radish grows in small containers and is applicable in this case.

It is not economically feasible to grow vegetables in country small greenhouses during the coldest months, December and January. In a small volume it is difficult to keep heat in the cold. Industrial large heated greenhouses operate regardless of the temperature behind the circuit.

Temperature and light conditions

In order for the seeds to quickly give seedlings, a soil temperature of about 18 degrees is required. Seeds can also sprout at 3 degrees, only development will be slow. When to sow radishes becomes clear after the greenhouse is ready. Only observing the illumination, thermal conditions and you can get a full harvest.

To accelerate germination and obtain cotyledon plants, you can make a thickened sowing in a bowl and dive ready seedlings on permanent place. At the same time, the survival rate of radish is excellent, and the growing period is reduced.

For the development of the root crop after germination, the temperature in the ground is 10 degrees, when pouring 15-18. If at the same time the illumination standards of 1300-1500 lux are observed, the root crop will grow as a standard. The temperature in the greenhouse is regulated. At night it should not exceed 10 degrees, on a cloudy day 12 is enough. With a lack of lighting or with an increased light day, shooting occurs. Therefore, it is important to establish winter greenhouse optimal mode additional illumination.

The heating of the greenhouse in winter can be done with a stove on wood waste with the exhaust pipes around the perimeter, or installing propane or electric heaters. At the same time, it is necessary to provide for heating water for irrigation and maintaining humidity within 70%.

How to plant a radish

Radish seeds must be greenhouse grown and fresh. Preparation for sowing consists in pickling them in a solution of potassium permanganate and germinating. Sowing radishes can be done in several ways:

• private;
• under the marker;
• cassette.

Seeds in a row and under the marker are buried by 2 cm. It is in the depth of the soil, subject to other conditions, that a larger root crop develops. The distance between the rows should be about 10 cm, with continuous sowing 5x5 cm. Sufficient passage is left between the tapes for maintenance. The cassettes are assembled into blocks and have an area for the development of a root crop of 5x5 cm. The blocks are placed both in floor ridges and on multi-tiered racks.

It is the cassette method that allows growing radishes in a greenhouse on racks and fully using the heated volume. At the same time, radishes in cassettes should be watered by supplying water or a fertilizer mixture from below, through a drainage hole.

How to grow a radish

AT unheated greenhouse source of creation warm earth is a biofuel. In this case, the roots of the radish should not touch the fresh manure. The temperature during seed germination should be 18 degrees, with the development of the rosette 10, with filling 18-20. Radish seeds grown by seedlings will allow to bypass the first stage of temperature increase and reduce the time spent by the root crop in the greenhouse.

less than 900 lux will delay the development of the root crop and become one of the shooting factors. The tops are pulled out by daytime temperatures above 24 degrees and daylight hours, more than 12 hours. The higher the light and the lower the temperature, the larger the root crops are formed. How to grow a radish , if the greenhouse is not equipped with lighting? In low light, dense plantings and high temperatures, root crops do not form.

When the soil is too dry, the taste of radishes deteriorates. Watering should be 2 times a week with a flow rate of 15 liters of water per square area. It is advisable to apply sprinkling, especially at high temperatures. Watering plants can be combined with top dressing. Let's say drip irrigation and baying pallets with the cassette method.

Dangerous pests of radishes in the greenhouse are cruciferous fleas. You can get rid of them with the help of ash and tobacco dust. But the invasion of field mice is sometimes fatal. You can get rid of them by placing a cat in a greenhouse or catching pests on vegetable baits.

bacterial diseases false powdery mildew and bacteriosis are possible if ventilation is not observed and plantings are thickened. Need to choose for sowing resistant varieties radish.

The growing season for growing root crops in a greenhouse takes approximately 45 days. It is optimal to harvest two harvests of radishes in the off-season, and then start up the greenhouse for growing heat-loving crops.

Video about growing radishes

Radish is a juicy and very healthy root vegetable that gives dishes a special, piquant taste. It is rich in micro and macro elements, fatty acid, glycosides, and also easy and not whimsical to care for. Therefore, growing radishes in a greenhouse can be done even by a novice gardener, the main thing is to choose the right variety and growing method.

It is really not necessary to have high agronomic knowledge to grow radishes. It is enough to pay attention to the biology of this root crop, its physiological and ecological features.

Radish is an annual photophilous plant from the cabbage class. As you know, almost all cabbage plants are heat-loving plants. Therefore, to form a full-fledged crop, he simply needs a sufficient amount of heat and light. It is interesting that, despite the thermophilicity, radish perfectly withstands temperatures down to -3 degrees Celsius.

For proper care of radishes, it is important to ensure that the temperature is still in the range of eighteen to twenty degrees Celsius, otherwise various anomalies may develop.

Growing radishes in a greenhouse requires attention to the soil on which the vegetable grows. Currently, there are even selective soils to inhibit the development of fungal or bacterial pathogens. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase such soil, just remember: radishes grown on acidic soil can become infected with clubroot. The growth of radishes in a greenhouse with potassium deficiency is complicated, it is extremely slow, almost no root crops are formed. The same thing happens with nitrogen deficiency.

In general, when correct selection care products, this vegetable can grow in the month of February, despite frosts. Under such conditions, radish grows best and bears fruit in a polycarbonate greenhouse.

So that the radish grows quickly and gives good harvest, it is necessary to properly care for seedlings. For a quality crop Special attention should be directed to the ground. It should not be forgotten that, unlike natural soil, many biological and physical processes that will have to be compensated. Growing radishes in a greenhouse requires a soil that is neutral in composition. For leaching acidic soil recommend adding horse dung at the rate of one and a half buckets per square meter earth.

In order to avoid harmful microorganisms, before laying in greenhouses, the soil must be sterilized - this is done under the influence high temperature or pressure. In rare cases, you can resort to an autoclave. But still, the most popular method is either the fumigation of the soil and the premises with compounds of substances toxic to pests, or the roasting of the soil.

Be sure to add fertilizer. It is noted that the weak link in the mineral nutrition of radish is phosphorus and potassium. In order to avoid crop loss, superphosphate is added at the rate of forty grams per square meter of soil, as well as potassium chloride - fifteen grams per square meter. The addition of these fertilizers will improve the growth and productivity of root crops. Do not forget about controlling the amount of nitrogen and potassium, without which the normal formation of the crop is impossible.

Preparing seeds for planting

Choice the right material- the lion's share of success in the agricultural business. For planting, it is best to use large (up to three and a half millimeters in length) seeds. At home, it is not difficult to select seeds - pass the seeds through a sieve with large cells.

There are separately bred varieties of radish seeds for planting in greenhouses. This is due to the fact that growing radishes in a greenhouse has its own physiological characteristics that can play into the hands of gardeners.

Right before planting the seeds in the ground, they must be left in the water for several days, maintaining room temperature. This is best done in a thermostat on layers of gauze. After this procedure, it is recommended to treat the seeds with a solution of fungicides, or a weak dilution of potassium permanganate. After that, the dried seeds are planted in the ground.

disembarkation

It is best to plant radishes in a polycarbonate greenhouse. Usually, the entire landing procedure is done manually. The distance between seeds usually varies from one to two centimeters, between rows - from six to eight centimeters. Do not immerse the seeds too deep in the kidney - it is more than enough to lower it one centimeter. Before planting, it is recommended to carry out a drip irrigation system.

Compliance with at least these minimum requirements exhaustive answer the question: how to grow radishes in a greenhouse.

seedling care

In general, it is necessary to control several parameters - air temperature, illumination, humidity, pest contamination and mineral nutrition seedlings.

Thanks to the subtleties of greenhouse maintenance, we can change the temperature during the entire growing season of the plant. During seed germination, the temperature should be low from two to four degrees to sixteen. After the seedlings began to sprout en masse, the temperature is slightly lowered, to six degrees. After four days in this mode, the temperature is again raised to the original values.

Of course, there are difficulties if your greenhouse is unheated. In this case, it is possible to lower the temperature mechanically without resorting to heating system. An unheated greenhouse can be compensated by the use of special materials in its manufacture. So, a radish that grows in a polycarbonate greenhouse does not feel critical temperature fluctuations, and generally gives a rich harvest.

How much should seedlings be watered? This question is asked by many gardeners. With a lack of moisture, the roots come out dry and insipid, with an overabundance of moisture, plants can suffer from root rot or a black leg of seedlings.

Therefore, the watering of the radishes that you grow in the greenhouse must be compensated. Do not let the soil dry out completely. It is best to supply water from below, to a depth of ten to fifteen centimeters.

The nuances of early planting radishes

Early planting radishes in the greenhouse, we face certain difficulties. In greenhouses that are not heated, or they are made of poorly heat-retaining materials, they stand without a foundation until the soil warms up, otherwise you risk losing the entire crop. Seedlings can be planted in polycarbonate greenhouses as early as February.

The question may arise: how to grow a radish in February, when it is still frosty outside? To do this, the soil must be moistened warm water, the beds were hilled in a timely manner, and even without top dressing on such early dates, of course, is indispensable. Loose soil, no pests and proper care will help you to feast on your own hand-grown radishes all year round.

The best varieties of radish for greenhouses

The best radishes in the greenhouse are Greenhouse Radishes, Eighteen Days, Early Red, and French Breakfast. These varieties are characterized by resistance, productivity, high germination and short maturity. So, when choosing from countless varieties of radishes, pay attention to the following for planting in a greenhouse.

In one of them, grapes grow and bear fruit, in the other, cucumbers and nightshade coexist perfectly. Everyone knows that even an unheated greenhouse expands the possibilities of gardeners. But often its reserves are not fully used. For example, missing the opportunity to get early harvest radish and vitamin greens. At the same time, those crops that are already growing in the greenhouse (in our case,) should not suffer. You should also not shift the timing of planting cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers and other crops for which the greenhouse was built.

A greenhouse planted with grapes in April

What varieties of radishes do I grow in the greenhouse in spring?

The first radish is the tastiest. She is good in every way. This is not only a tasty, vitamin and environmentally friendly food product, but also incomparable satisfaction and delight that you experience when you taste the results of your labors.

Immediately cut off the “tail” with the remnants of the earth, after which my radish

I sow in an unheated greenhouse in early spring only early and mid-season varieties. At this time, I allow myself some “liberty”: I ignore the recommendations printed on seed bags to grow a variety either in open field or under cover. I take them into account with more late crops. The area that I allocate for this crop is not so large, so I have to select only varieties that I have tested or recommended by gardeners I know. Here are some of them (in alphabetical order) that I find tasty and reliable:

« Alba"(tender and juicy white root crop; growing season 23 - 32 days);
« Virovskiy white"(white sweet rather large root crop, which is well stored in the refrigerator; growing season 23 - 32 days);
« Heat"(red-raspberry root crop with slightly spicy sweet pulp; growing season 18 - 27 days);
« Dawn"(red-raspberry root crop with a pleasant bitterness; growing season 18 - 27 days);
« Liman» (red with a white tip root vegetable with very tender crispy white pulp; early ripe variety: growing season 22 - 23 days);
« early red"(intense red large root crop with white sweet pulp, perfectly stored in the refrigerator; growing season 24 - 31 days);
« Resident"(red-raspberry juicy sweet root crop; growing season 21 - 25 days);

Delicious variety "Resident" with juicy, mildly spicy, sweet root

« Rose red with white tip"(pink-red root crop with a slight bitterness; growing season 23 - 30 days);
« Ruby"(beautiful red-raspberry root crop with white, slightly spicy flesh, fades quickly; growing season 26 - 32 days);
« greenhouse"(pink-red root crop with a white tip, it has a tender juicy pulp; the growing season is 28 - 32 days);
« french breakfast"(an elongated red root with a white tip, pulp without obvious bitterness; early ripening: growing season 21 - 24 days);
« 18 days» (a cylindrical root crop has a pink upper part and white tip early ripe variety: growing season 18 - 20 days).

Some details of sowing radish seeds

It is not necessary to enumerate the advantages of this culture. Everyone knows them. Spring - best time to grow it when you don't have to bother different ways artificial reduction of daylight hours to 13 hours. For example, shading black nonwoven fabric or different boxes and boxes. Too short daylight hours are also not suitable for radishes.

Before sowing, I water the soil in the grooves with a light pink solution of potassium permanganate and “salt” it with wood ash. Small seeds are discarded. I spread the seeds in grooves at a distance of about 3 cm ( large-fruited variety"Early red" - 5 cm) from each other. Then I sprinkle them with earth so that the sowing depth is 1 - 1.5 cm, otherwise the shape of the root crop may be deformed. Buried crops often lead to unfriendly seedlings or hinder germination.

Strong thickening reduces the final yield, worsens the quality of root crops and lengthens the growing season.

We combine the collection of root crops with thinning

cool air (even spring frost) cannot destroy crops, but it can slow down their growth. Optimum temperature- 18 - 22 ° С.

Often, when planting, I mix seeds of several varieties with the same growing season. This is insurance in case poor germination poor quality seeds. In addition, then there is the possibility of harvesting for short span time, freeing the land for other crops.

It is worth mentioning the timing of sowing seeds in an unheated greenhouse or greenhouse. I start in April, although there were years when I sowed radishes at the end of March. I spend the last crops in mid-May (in cold and rainy weather).

In order for a juicy radish to be on the table all spring, it is worth choosing varieties of different early maturity. There is another option: sowing seeds with an interval of about 14 days, focusing on two true leaves from seedlings of the previous sowing.

Caring for radish crops

The soil. The most suitable type of soil is loose slightly acidic or neutral (in acidity) sandy loamy, loamy soils or chernozems. In order to form a full-fledged root crop, well-cultivated soil is needed.

Watering. The radish has a weak root system, so the entire plant is supplied with moisture by regular watering, including the rapidly growing root crop. Otherwise, it will not be juicy and tasty, especially when elevated temperature air. Bitter radish is the result of a lack of moisture. Bursting - a consequence of irregular watering and a sharp change in humidity.

top dressing. I do not carry out top dressing, since the loose soil in the greenhouse has been prepared and seasoned since autumn. Fresh manure can ruin everything.

Pests. In early spring, there are no pests in the greenhouse ( cruciferous flea and slugs), so the question of dealing with them does not arise. With later May crops, it is sometimes necessary to pollinate seedlings sifted, mixed with tobacco dust (from cruciferous flea). Scurrying everywhere (I will fight with them later) do not cause much harm to early spring crops.

We eat both root vegetables and delicate greens of radishes

AT good weather I keep the windows and doors in the greenhouse open, I close them only at night.

Harvesting juicy radishes

At first, I harvest selectively, while thinning the crops. As soon as the place where the radish grew is freed up, I dig up the soil, remove all weeds, add wood ash and crumbly mature compost. After that, you can sow the seeds of another crop.

It is impossible to delay the harvest, otherwise you will have to put the radish, which has grown coarse, unappetizing root crops, into the humus heap.

Edible even "tops"

Delicate vitamin leaves do not need to be thrown away. They can be cut and put in green salads, in which I mix early greens (watercress, lettuce, spinach, garlic and onion greens), hard-boiled eggs and boiled (baked) potatoes are more useful. I fill everything with mayonnaise mixed with low-fat sour cream or kefir. It turns out tasty, satisfying and healthy food.

Salad from tops of radish and other herbs on kefir

I add radish roots to a variety of salads and okroshka. They are delicious on their own. We love such a very simple dish as a radish cut into thin slices and seasoned with salted sour cream.

I even add radishes to Olivier, various "meat" and green salads. The root crop goes well with fish.

Salads with radishes can be seasoned vegetable oil, sour cream, mayonnaise and cottage cheese with olive oil(pulverized to the consistency of sour cream). To do this, I take cottage cheese, pour it with olive oil, salt and bring it to a homogeneous mass (with a fork or blender). How much to take cottage cheese and butter? To the eye and, of course, to taste.

Among all root crops, radish is the most early-ripening crop. It seems to many that, in comparison with other crops, growing radishes is not difficult.

But why then do some vegetable growers grow radishes poorly? It often happens that the root crop becomes like a piece of wood, or the shooting process begins early. And it happens that the plants planted in the greenhouse do not even form a root crop, and all the power goes to the greens.

Features of agricultural technology

The fact is that when planting and growing radish, you need to know all the features of its agricultural technology. Only in this case, providing optimal conditions for this crop, you will be able to get a good harvest.

Radish features:

1. loves the light, does not tolerate shading at all, including from a tight fit;
2. you can not plant after cabbage, lettuce, turnips;
3. has a weak root system, highly dependent on soil moisture, regular watering is necessary;
4. requires loose soil, well-fertilized, rich in organic matter;
5. does not tolerate the soil with fresh manure introduced into it;
6. requires increased content potassium in the soil.

Having prepared the soil in time, having selected seeds that meet the conditions, you can get an early harvest of this root crop. In the presented video in this article you will find Additional information on this topic.

Growing radishes in a greenhouse is not associated with great difficulties, since this root crop is unpretentious. Sheltered radishes will be protected from severe frosts and other weather vagaries that are common in many regions.

In addition, radishes in a greenhouse can be planted at any time of the year, thereby providing yourself with such a useful and wholesome crop all year round. rich in vitamins and microelements of culture.

Consider a few important points this way of growing

• First, as for any vegetable crop, you first need to choose the best varieties of radish for greenhouses;
• secondly, the seeds and the greenhouse itself should be properly prepared for growing;
• and, thirdly, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with some features of planting and caring for radishes in closed ground.

Varieties

Since the greenhouse is usually used for more “solid” crops, such as cucumbers or tomatoes, radish is often allocated a place in it on a residual basis. For example, you can sow a greenhouse with radishes at the very beginning of the spring season, for the period of growing seedlings of that vegetable, which will then take the place of radishes.

• "18 days". This variety is not in vain got its name. It really ripens and allows you to harvest already 18 days after planting and, in addition, it has a pleasant mild taste.
• "Firstborn F1". Those for whom productivity is important, this particular variety will delight with its large round root crops.
• "Baby F1". This hybrid matures in less than three weeks and compares favorably with its resistance to shooting.
• "Ultra Early Red". This greenhouse-friendly variety is unique in that both tops and roots are edible in it: that is, both the root and the leaves, which will become an original ingredient for any vegetable salad.

For those who are not in a hurry and are willing to wait a few days for larger fruits or special palatability, other early ripe varieties are also suitable:

• "Heat". This variety is very often grown in film greenhouses, it matures quite quickly and does not require special care.
• "Early Red". From other varieties of radish, this one is even more unpretentious to light conditions and soil composition. It matures in 22–24 days and produces large and juicy root crops.
• "French Breakfast". Root crops of this variety ripen quickly and are stored for a long time, without losing their taste, remaining all the same juicy and sweet.
• "Helro". Designed for indoor cultivation, many used for planting in polycarbonate greenhouses.
• "Dawn". It ripens quickly, the first harvest can be harvested after 20 days. This radish is great for growing in a greenhouse.
• "Greenhouse". The name of the variety speaks for itself, it is intended specifically for planting in protected ground.

AT summer period radishes are best grown on open garden, and you can re-sow some varieties in the vacated greenhouse in the fall, after harvesting the main crop.

For autumn sowing, varieties are suitable that ripen a little longer, but are more resistant to autumn changes temperature and light mode:

• "Autumn Giant"
• "Soffit"
• "Basis"
• "Ice Icicle"
• "Würzburg 59"

Another advantage of many autumn varieties is their long shelf life, which allows you to prepare some stock of this tasty root crop for the winter.

Preparing for landing

Landing and care

The optimal temperature for growing this crop in greenhouse conditions it is considered + 17 - +19 degrees, but you can plant seeds at + 10. Radish is resistant to cold. Seeds are planted in shallow holes or grooves at a distance of 2-3 centimeters from each other in even rows, the distance between which should be at least 8 centimeters. So that the radish does not start shooting, after the appearance of the first sprouts, the temperature in the greenhouse must be reduced for several days, and then returned to the optimal value again.

Radish is a photophilous plant, therefore, when grown in early spring, late autumn and in winter, when the daylight hours are much shorter than in summer, LED or fluorescent lamps. They need to be turned off periodically, since with an excess artificial lighting radish can begin to shoot, and all of it Vital energy will go not to the formation of the root crop, but to the growth of the leaves.

Caring for plants in a greenhouse is not difficult. Radishes should be watered regularly, but not flooded at the same time so that they do not rot. A couple of days after the emergence of seedlings, the plantings are thinned out, leaving the most healthy and largest plants.

The last stage is harvesting. Root crops are harvested selectively, allowing some to grow, and not allowing others, already ripe, to rot in the ground or overripe.