Timber frame house. Comparison of frame technology for building a house and a log house
- Advantages without disadvantages.
There are two main benefits. Technical and Aesthetic.
1. Aesthetic is unusual shape, is a combination of round log and flat wall design lines.
2. Technical - Less cost on the square meter area compared to the log house.
A little faster and a little cheaper.
More:
1 m/2 log house costs much less and is built faster, than an ordinary log cabin.
Minimum volume of wood per 1 sq.m. house area. The difference in cubes compared to a log house is from 30%. And it can go up to 55%. This is significant Not in terms of the cost of wood itself, but in terms of the cost of cutting log walls. As a result, a wooden house can be built at a lower cost (if it matters).
Wider opportunities to play with architectural forms.
Fantasy designers Not limited to a 6-meter long log. Walls out chopped log significantly limit the designer in an effort to play with forms. And the vertical racks of the frame can be arranged in any way, and around and six and octahedron ...
It's like breaking through and releasing to other possibilities.
The ends of the log can be processed with sculptural carving. And a bear's head will appear above the pediment or figures of characters as vertical supports...
A special "charm" to the interior gives a combination round log and flat walls, which is especially important for those who appearance chopped wall "presses" visually.
If you are visually confused by the number of logs in the log house, then there are few of them in the frame and they already look like a highlight in the wall.
"Fashionable" - we do not consider here. Fashion is a controlled thing.
And remain Your 2 main interests:
"Beautiful" and "Eco-Friendly". Still, the log is alive.
See what one of the owners of a log-frame house writes:
“... I kept crumpling - crumpling. I don't understand myself. It seems that you want a wooden house, but it’s embarrassing that there is a lot of wood. I even leaned more towards the beam because of this. And yet, I didn't like it. Didn't find any solution. And then I saw. O! Here's what I need.
My dilemma has been resolved. I got even, flat walls, applied stone in the decoration. I even glued wallpaper here and there, my wife likes it. And at the same time, the house can still be safely called wooden.
Walls can be made of any material, with any decorative trim. The combination of log and stone is just perfect. As in Nature.
A little faster and a little cheaper if you want 3 in 1 bottle.
A big Plus to everything: There are no consequences of shrinkage of the log house, curvature of floors, deformation of stairs and roofs, difficulties with shrinkage calculations, and overhaul afterwards.
The natural bending of a log in a frame can be applied better than in a log house. And if in a log house a “crooked” log is a problem that needs to be solved somehow, then in a frame it becomes a highlight. And sometimes a log with such a natural bend is simply sought out, or ordered specifically. Because it sounds completely different horizontal lines designs. The bend of the trunk will fit in very organically and "play a plus" like an arch.
Bent trunks can also fit into the corners of the building, giving it a certain “taper”, like the Eiffel Tower.
Aesthetics of connections logs, intersections and cruciformities are visually pleasing. Someone finds some greatness in this, in comparison with a log house.
The material for filling the walls is limited only by imagination. And the fantasy "thing" is dimensionless.
In log cabins, the roof is made “floating” so that when the walls and walls shrink, its angle changes. With this, some difficulties are associated with the manufacture of the roof itself. And not always the builders will do it correctly. After all, it is necessary to take into account shrinkage during drying of the log and the DIFFERENCE in shrinkage external walls(located on the street) and internal piers (inside a heated and drier room).
Stairs in a log house warp very unpleasantly when the walls shrink. Changes can reach the height of the 1st rung of the stairs. The floors of the premises can also bend due to the difference in shrinkage of the street and internal walls.
Is it easy to explain to the customer that "now a crooked" floor is designed for shrinkage and will level out in 4 years? It is even more difficult to guess the percentage of the future difference. And it turns out that a major overhaul is needed later.
The frame is devoid of this complexity. And subsequently there is no deformation roofs, stairs, floors. This is the Big Plus of a log frame house.
Such houses and log cabins are called frame - log structures, houses, log cabins. So more precisely, if we take into account the terminology of construction.
In fact, the topic is not an innovation. This is the same half-timbered house common in Holland, Sweden, medieval Western Europe, Japan ... And it doesn’t matter if a log or timber is used.
All benefits in 10 lines:
House shapes and circle and six and octahedron.
Any wall filling. Can be habitually flat.
frame better than a log house combined with stone.
There are no (during shrinkage) consequences of shrinkage of the structure.
No deformation of the roof, stairs, floors. All this remains stable.
Gets by Without a major overhaul afterwards.
It is easier to calculate the design and costs.
There are 30-55% fewer trees per square foot.
The cost of felling in the estimate is reduced.
A little faster and a little cheaper.
George about the frame-log construction:
Stone with wood in the frame:
Frame-log houses are a technology for the construction of frame structures that came from Canada, otherwise called Post & Beam. At first glance, it can be said that this method is more like ordinary wooden log houses, however, according to the construction technology, frame-log houses are more related to the frame technique. Recently this method is beginning to gain popularity, and many want to build a house using such an unusual technology.
Frame-log house
Advantages of frame-log houses:
Log houses have a lot of advantages. Probably the most important advantage of any frame houses- their environmental friendliness. It is thanks to the use of high-quality and natural materials that frame-log houses have their incomparable performance. Houses built by frame technology, differ in energy efficiency and an excellent indicator of preservation of heat.
- Environmental friendliness of the building
- Thermal protection
- natural ventilation
- Creating a microclimate in different rooms
- Excellent sound insulation
- Preservation optimal mode temperature and humidity
Construction of a frame-log house
Design features of frame-log houses:
The rigid construction of a frame-log house makes the building durable and reliable.
Log frame using Post & Beam technology. A photo.
That is why such houses perfectly withstand various earth vibrations and are extremely stable. Such a frame is built quite quickly in comparison with a wooden frame. At the same time, during the construction, safety rules and norms of SNIP are always taken into account. Our company is engaged in the construction of frame houses in accordance with generally accepted construction standards.
Have questions
for the construction of a frame house?
Ask us!
Ask a Question
Logs for a frame-log house are carefully selected and have clearly defined positions. When the frame is erected, you can immediately begin to finish the building. The customer's imagination is already at work here. You can choose absolutely any material for facing the house. Even if you want to create a complete modern design! The design features of frame-log houses allow you to install large panoramic windows the entire wall, if necessary.
Building a house using frame-log technology
How to make a barn frame from logs?
Before starting construction, due attention should be paid to the choice of the place where the shed will be installed. It is necessary to avoid places that are located in low-lying areas, since in spring and in rainy weather water will accumulate in such a place. Also undesirable clay soil, however, if there is no alternative, then a sand and gravel cushion should be placed under the foundation. But if the site is sandy, then it is enough to clear it and level it.
Foundation preparation
Foundation laying is the main stage of any construction. We mark the site for the construction of the future building with the help of pegs and rope, we can also do without a tape measure. For greater accuracy, it is important to measure not only the sides of the foundation, but also the diagonals.
To build a columnar base, you need to dig holes around the perimeter and at the intersection of the inner walls about 70 cm deep every 1.5 meters. This is done to install asbestos pipes or brick columns. After the posts are installed, they need to be covered with a 15-centimeter layer of sand and gravel mixture and concreted. After the work done, the foundation should settle for several days.
We carry out the installation of a frame made of wooden beams
Before starting, the bars must be treated with an antiseptic or a special protective impregnation.
On the previously prepared foundation, we lay the base of the timber. The size of the beam must correspond to the size of the frame of the barn (or other building) being erected.
When the frame is ready, you can lay boards on it, suitable thickness about 30-40 mm.
Why developers choose
We install rafters and equip the roof
At this stage, we have already set up and fixed vertical racks, we attach them to upper part frame, with pre-made in the beams of propylam in the middle and at both ends. For strength, we fix all joints with self-tapping screws and strengthen with steel corners.
So, we make the length of the roof rafters about 500 mm longer (but no less, it all depends on the design you have designed) than the length of the frame. We use boards with a thickness of 40 mm. The rafters are placed from each other at a distance of about 50 cm.
Final processing
When the walls of the barn are already lined with boards, they can be processed with an electric planer (with outer side) so that rainwater can easily run off the smooth surface. In addition, the appearance of the barn will become more aesthetic. Well, then work for every taste, painting, etc.
More questions about your topic:
leave a comment
Builder's vocabulary:: Repair questions:: Calculators:: Special equipment:: Miscellaneous
2006 — 2017 © user agreement:: communication with the site administration [email protected]
Timber frame walls
Hozbloki
Do you want to solve your storage problem? garden tools, remove tools, take out unnecessary things from the house, nowhere to put a motorcycle or walk-behind tractor, build a hozblok.
They place the hozblok behind the house, in the depths of the site, trying to remove it as far away as possible. Hozblok is never taken out in the first line, that is, they are not placed closer to the entrance than a house or cottage. The only building that can be closer to the entrance of the house is the garage. This is due to several reasons. The first of them is that they usually build a hozblok on a residual basis and last. The second is the desire to protect the stored property, since there can be many valuable things in the hozblok.
Popularized in suburban construction such a direction as landscape design, the construction of utility blocks received a second wind. If you are building beautiful house, a bathhouse, a garage, a gazebo, you are planning the site, you are doing beautiful garden, then you can’t afford an unsightly hozblok, which will scare you with just its appearance.
What materials are building blocks made of?
Household blocks are built of wood or stone.
Wooden hozbloki include:
- hozbloki from a log;
- hozbloki from logs;
- hozbloki from a bar;
— hozbloki from the pro-thinned-out bar;
- frame hozbloki.
Stone household blocks include:
- hozbloki from blocks;
- brick blocks.
The price of the utility block depends on what materials the walls will be made of.
Five tips for building a hozblok
Tip number 1. If you want the hozblok to fit harmoniously into the overall 
concept landscape design site, it must be built from the same materials as all the buildings on the site.
Tip number 2. It is better to make the doors of the hozblok wider than the standard ones. You may need to store a walk-behind tractor with a trailer or some other large-sized property in it in the future.
Do-it-yourself frame house: photo of construction stages
Tip number 3. The windows in the hozblok are made small, which makes it possible to provide daylight and reduce the risk of illegal entry. It is best if the glass is frosted, that is, it will not be possible to look into the window from the outside. To retain heat, glass is best made double.
Tip #4 If the size of the site does not allow the construction of both a garage and a utility block, then they can be combined. To do this, the garage is made wider so that shelves can be made on one side. In such a garage - a utility block, in addition to the gate, it is best to make a door on the side or from the end so as not to constantly open the gate.
Tip #5 If you make a hozblok with a small canopy, then under it you can hide from the rain yourself or stack firewood for the winter.
You can order the construction of a utility block from us the following types, at an affordable price:
- log hozblok;
- hozblok from logs;
- hozblok from a bar;
- hozblok from profiled timber;
- frame hozblok;
- hozblok from blocks;
- a block of bricks.
Each DIY enthusiast knows that one of the best building materials is wood.
Frame-log houses
So find practical use cut down pine, spruce, aspen, or fallen oak will not be difficult for them. And in the time it takes to clean the trunks from knots, sand them, give them the correct geometric shape and treat them with an antiseptic and fire retardant, the fantasy of a home craftsman manages to bring out the ideas of wonderful buildings from round timber. For example, such as a gazebo, made in one of the popular styles (Russian, country, rustic) with your own hands and giving the landscape a finished look and a magical and fabulous look.
Alcove round shape lovers will like to stand out from the crowd.
Simple structures from round timber can be built even by ordinary summer residents who have a minimum of professional carpenter skills and construction experience.
And although the projects of gazebos differ significantly depending on the financial capabilities of the owners, the size of the land plots and landscape features, the basic principles of construction are the same for all models.
Preparatory work on the arrangement of the gazebo
Before you start construction works, you need to decide on a specific place for the construction of a gazebo in order to be able to admire from it in the future beautiful scenery. It is desirable that it be at least partially protected from direct sunlight and have optimal size, which does not give the site the appearance of clutter.
Diagram of the floor of the gazebo.
When choosing a shape - square, rectangular, round, or 6-8-sided, open or glazed, you should realistically assess the level of your skill and choose the best project available for implementation. on your own. And even if abilities and skills are only enough for simple wooden structure- no problem. Let a small, unpretentious, but self-built gazebo will please the eye of its architect much more than a larger finished structure.
Having decided on the amount of wood available and having calculated whether it will be enough only for the walls or it will also remain for the logs for the floor, others acquire necessary materials: floorboards, cement, wood screws, staples. To cover the gazebo take sheets of OSB and roofing material: euroslate, tiles (metal or flexible).
From the tools for work you will need:
- bayonet shovel;
- carpenter's ax;
- plumb line, or level;
- chisel;
- screwdriver;
- circular saw.
Having developed an exact plan and drawing on paper desired option buildings, you can proceed directly to the construction.
Step-by-step instructions for building a gazebo
Scheme of the assembly of the roof of the gazebo.
The first stage of construction includes the preparation of the site, each side of which is 1 m larger than the sides of the future gazebo. It is cleared of debris and 10 cm deep - from turf. Then they start marking the place for the foundation with the help of pegs and a cord, carefully checking the straightness of the corners.
The second, very important stage is laying the foundation. Experts consider the columnar option to be the best option, when racks with a section of 100 by 100 mm and a height of 3 m are installed along the perimeter of the gazebo in pits dug to a depth of 500 mm. 15-20 cm. It is necessary to concrete with a slope from the support, then rainwater will not be able to stagnate at the pillars, but will drain into the ground. The verticality of the racks must be rechecked using a plumb line.
After 3 days, after the concrete has hardened, it is time for the third stage - the construction of the frame. The upper ends of the supporting pillars are tied with bars, securing them with self-tapping screws. For a snug fit of the bars in the corners, rectangular cuts are made along the side edges. For the walls of the gazebo, the logs are connected different ways, who knows how - “in the cloud”, “in the bowl”, “in the paw”. However, professionals prefer to do without excess expense materials and therefore most often opt for cutting "in the paw", when the ends of the logs do not protrude beyond the corners. And so that the logs do not move apart, they use a hidden spike about one third of the length of the paw.
At the fourth stage, they erect a roof and only after that they lay the floor and decorate the gazebo. To assemble the roof, the rafters are first fixed, on which the boards for the crate are stuffed, and then the roof covering is mounted. For gable roof 4 rafters will be enough, connected by a cross member, resembling the letter A and attached to the bars of the upper harness. hipped roof formed by installing 4 rafters from the center of each side and 4 more rafters from the corners.
At the final stage, a wooden floor is built inside the building, because the gazebo is built from the forest, and the plank floor in it looks the most harmonious. Although, if the floor is placed at ground level, it can be finished with sandstone or a mosaic of broken tiles.
To give a more aesthetic appearance to the gazebo, the entrance can be decorated with a 2-3-step porch with a railing. And decorating with openwork carved elements, purchased ready-made or made independently from moisture-resistant plywood, will turn even the simplest structure into an exquisite version of a small architectural form. As a result, such a fabulous tower will serve long years and provide its creators comfortable rest in the lap of nature.
Related Articles
How to build a woodshed in the country
Do-it-yourself woodcutter is one of the easiest jobs that any owner can do on their own. It can be attached to an existing outbuilding, or it can be arranged as a separate structure. If you also decorate the woodcutter in the country with your own hands, you will get a structure that fits organically into the overall landscape personal plot. This is where you will store firewood and wood chips for a fireplace or barbecue.
How to build a firewood shed with your own hands and successfully place it on the territory, you will learn on this page.
Placing a woodcutter on the site
If in your country house there is a stove, and on the site - a brazier or a barbecue, then you definitely need a woodcutter - a special room for storing firewood. The size of the woodcutter will depend on required amount firewood.
The location of the woodcutter on the site should be rational in terms of proximity to the house, while firewood should be easy to take and stack. Therefore, it is not worth building it in the far corner of the garden. You can attach it to the hozblok. If possible, it should be located so that a car with firewood can drive up to it, and accordingly, a platform for unloading firewood should be provided next to it. But if this is not possible, then there should be a short path along which you will bring the firewood brought in, and it should be possible for a wheelbarrow to pass through it.
The best option is to attach a woodcutter to an existing one. beautiful building in the garden. If the woodcutter is needed only for a barbecue, it is logical to install it on a barbecue area, and style it depending on the design of this area: like " fairytale house”, as a “mini-castle”, as a modern “art object”, etc. You can even overlay a small wooden woodshed with brick or stone.
As you can see in the photo, woodsheds are traditionally built of wood. But a woodcutter is not a barn. You can, of course, store firewood in a room built like an ordinary shed, or even under a canopy. But by and large, special conditions are needed to store firewood. If you take no more than 3 cubic meters of firewood, then you can build a room for them according to traditional technology, co solid walls. But if you have a stove and you buy immediately a large number of firewood, then the woodcutter needs to be equipped according to all the rules. Then the walls of the woodcutter in the country are made according to a special technology: they must be at intervals - for drying firewood. If the walls are solid or at least one wall is not wooden, but there is a lot of firewood, then they will not dry well even in summer.
How to build a woodshed in the country for 9 cubic meters of firewood
1. The firewood shed must be mounted on brick posts or on pipes, under which the foundation is poured to the freezing depth. If the building is small, 4 columns are enough.
2. It is necessary to make a frame from a thick bar about 15 x 20 cm in size, on which a wooden flooring will subsequently be mounted.
3. The timber is treated with fire-retardant impregnation, it must be allowed to dry for at least an hour.
4. The timber is insulated with roofing material.
5. Now the flooring from the boards is mounted directly on the insulated frame.
6. After that, the frame of the walls of the woodshed is mounted from the timber and the rafters for the roof are stuffed.
7. The walls of the woodcutter are made of bars measuring 50 x 50 mm. We fill them on the frame of the walls with an interval of 3 cm between the bars. This is necessary so that the firewood is well ventilated.
8. Being done pitched roof from corrugated board.
9. For the doorway, racks made of timber are set to the size of the future door, they are mounted on the floor of the woodshed. A wooden door is being installed.
How else to make a woodcutter in the country with your own hands
Before you make a woodshed, consider whether it will be on public display or disguised. Unless your woodcutter is hidden behind a building, it should be neat.
Log cabin vs frame house: pros and cons
You can decorate it a little.
Most natural way- firewood. It is enough to lay out a decorative woodpile along its wall or make small niches in the wall and lay them with the most beautiful logs.
In addition, just like a garden shed, it can be styled “like a house”. Wood saw cuts can also be attached to the walls, either arbitrarily, or any pattern can be made from them.
It will look great on slatted walls. It will look like the original screen.
The log frame house is the historical progenitor of all modern frame houses, which appeared in the 17th century in Northern Europe. Such houses are called half-timbered houses. The half-timbered frame is made of logs, and the walls are made of clay mixed with straw. These houses are still being built, but modern building materials are used in the walls.
A modern version of a Post & Beam log frame house is a columnar frame with short logs or other building material (beams, bricks, frame house puff pastry, etc.) stacked in the walls.
Vertically located logs form the basis of the frame, give it strength, stability and the ability to withstand seismic loads up to 9 points.
The technology for building a frame from a log involves a careful selection of material: logs are selected from timber that has reached 70-90 years old, large logs are selected, rounded, then manual felling prepare crowns for the log house. The main groove for connecting logs in a log house is called the “Canadian cup”.
This groove, when the log dries, seals the connection of the crowns, which enhances the strength of the wooden structure.
The disadvantage of such a felling of a log is a decrease in the thickness of the log house in the corner joint, which means a decrease in the heat transfer resistance of the corner of the house.
Laying short logs into the walls is carried out in the grooves of the frame logs, short logs are previously profiled for better connection horizontally.
The advantage of this technology is the maximum use of building material, all log trimmings are used in the installation of walls, which allows you to save on building materials (building material savings reach 30% of the volume of wood for an ordinary log house) and build at a price lower than that of a traditional Russian log house.
Shrinkage in such houses does not affect the internal structures: the floors do not warp, the door and window openings do not lead, the roof remains the same as it was mounted during construction. All this is provided by a frame made of logs, while in a house cut down according to traditional technology, everything can happen in this way: the floors swell, the stairs warp, cracks appear in the roof as a result of the shrinkage of the log walls.
The durability of the frame and frame version log houses are approximately the same, their service life is 80-100 years. But the maintainability of a frame house is better, since replacing one or more crowns in a log house is a serious technological task with the use of jacks and other technological tricks. AT frame house wall repair is quite simple technologically, since it does not affect the basis of the house structure - a log frame.
Many people wooden log cabins they are attracted by the ecology of their homes, the aromas of coniferous wood, and a good internal climate. All this is fully preserved in a frame house made of logs.
The structure of logs using this technology looks unusual, especially when combined wooden frame and flat walls made of stone or brick, which makes it easier to solve interior decoration Houses.
This gives free rein to architectural fantasy, so you can build round houses, houses-terema and perform other designs. Architects offer a wide variety of projects for the construction of frame houses from logs.
And most importantly, comfort in a frame house made of logs is achieved thanks to the high professionalism of its builders. Not many builders are able to build such a house without flaws and mistakes. This is a piece goods, very individual not only in architecture, but also in building materials, in assembly technology.
AT contemporary practice construction widely used a variety of technologies for the construction of frame structures. Today we will talk about one of the most original.
Traditional Russian felling
Cutting "to the fence" ("to the pole", "to the rack", "to the raft") - the frame of the building is assembled from vertical pillars with grooves selected along them. Logs are inserted horizontally into the latter, at the ends of which spikes of the corresponding geometry are cut. At the bottom of each horizontal log, a longitudinal recess is made, filled with a compactor (moss, tow, etc.).
Canadian cabin Post & Beam
A distinctive feature of houses built using Post & Beam technology is a frame consisting of vertical logs-pillars interconnected by horizontal strapping beams, for which both timber and logs are used. The wall frame is connected to the slab roof structure. Filling gaps between posts a variety of materials- from wood (logs or beams, including glued) and stone to glass.
Recently, interest in wooden houses grows not only in Russia, where this type of dwelling is a centuries-old tradition (more than a third of the world's forest reserves are concentrated on our territory, the bulk of which are conifers most suitable for construction), but also in Western countries. This happens, as a rule, because the environmental friendliness of housing is becoming an increasingly important factor for a person and literally makes people prefer natural materials especially wood. And undoubtedly, convenience and versatility have an impact on the choice. modern ways its processing, which opens up wide opportunities for giving each of the buildings being built a unique look.
How to personalize
Perhaps the most fast way to achieve the desired originality - to acquire a house made abroad, the appearance of which differs from that of neighboring ones. As a result, in our country long time Sets of dwellings produced in Finland by both large companies and a number of smaller ones are in steady demand. In fairness, it should be noted that Russia in last years more and more actively exports wooden houses to Europe and the USA.
Buildings are less frequently imported from Canada and the United States. They mainly import those that are built using the Post & Beam frame technology or Post & Fil similar to it. The fact is that the skeleton of such dwellings can be assembled not only from the usual wooden beam, but also from vertical and horizontal logs of various diameters, which looks very original and even exotic. However, cases of acquiring such houses are extremely rare. And the reason is not only that they have to be transported far away, but also in the use for the frame of the traditional for the American North, but very expensive building material - Canadian red cedar.
Unsatisfied demand, as you know, gives rise to supply, and today Russian companies successfully master the Post & Beam technology. We will describe the results of this process using the example of a house with a pool. with total area 187 m2, erected in the Moscow region by the construction company "Traditional Carpentry Technologies". But first, let's take a short digression into history.
1-3. The foundation of the house is monolithic. First, its lower slab was cast (it lies on the ground), then the columns (1) located around the pool and the walls along the perimeter of the foundation (2), and later the upper slab (3). The concrete bowl of the pool is cast separately and is not connected to the foundation.
4, 5. Along the perimeter of the future walls, larch boards with a section of 400? 150 mm (4). Racks-pillars were installed on them, strengthening them with braces, and then proceeded with the installation of rafters (5).
6–8. So that all seven rafter beams above the "bay window" can fit on one support post, their ends were hung into a wedge on the technological site, giving the shape of a hook. They were attached to the pole with corners.
9-12. All connections without exception wooden elements the frame was additionally fixed vertically with threaded studs (9) or long capercaillie screws (10), and horizontally with steel plates and powerful self-tapping screws. In joints of the "thorn - groove" capercaillie were located in such a way that they were not visible from the side of the room (11.12)
13-15. On top of the rafters, they created a flooring from a lining, having received a ceiling. Boards with a section of 200 * 50 mm were nailed to it, through a vapor barrier, with a step of 60 cm, setting them on a narrow edge. Insulation plates were laid in the cavity between the boards, covered with a vapor-permeable membrane, which was pressed with counter-lattices by slats. Next, a flooring was created from OSB boards (10 mm) and glued onto it soft tiles
16. In the intervals between the racks-logs of boards with a section of 200? 50 mm created frame structures. The junctions of the frame to the logs were carefully compacted
17. Frame internal partitions built from boards with a section of 100? 50 mm. Rack spacing - 60 cm 18–20. Insulation boards were placed in the frame of the outer (18) and inner (19) walls. The walls were sheathed with OSB boards (10 mm) and a metal mesh (20) was attached to them under the facing with stone 21. Two short logs were installed in the lower part of the openings that were not filled with a frame, and energy-saving windows made of warm aluminum profile 22 were installed above them. The main source of heat in the house is a gas boiler with a separate chimney.
felling evolution
If we consider the technologies existing in the world for the construction of chopped wooden house in the sequence of their occurrence, it is quite logical to assume that they are all interconnected and one smoothly transformed into another. At the same time, diligent Europeans adopted many construction methods, for example, from Russia, often adapting them to their needs and raw materials. Later, during the great migration of inhabitants from Europe to North America, already in a processed form, the technology got, for example, to Canada, where it was again adapted to local conditions.
For example, the Russian felling into a bowl with the rest, called “into a fat tail” (or a very similar felling “into a flank with a cut”), first migrated to Finland, where it was not altered, but only replaced by an open longitudinal connecting groove in the lower part of the crowns to a closed one, as a result of which both the need and the possibility of re-caulking of interventional joints disappeared. From the Finns, the technology moved even further and, having now undergone significant changes, turned into a Norwegian felling from a gun carriage. The thing is that economical Norwegians cut logs from two sides, getting a two-edged beam (carriage) and two slabs, which were successfully used to make floors and ceilings (in Russia, where there was always plenty of wood, the so-called chopping blocks were used for these purposes - logs split lengthwise into two parts). That is why the Norwegian carpenters were simply forced to rework the connecting bowls, turning them from semi-circular to oval self-sealing. Further, the technology, having crossed the ocean, was transformed into a Canadian felling, which is nothing more than an arrangement of the Norwegian felling in relation to a round log (there are more forests in Canada, and the need to turn a log into a gun carriage has disappeared by itself out of economy). Well, from there, not so long ago, this type of wood processing returned to Russia, where it enjoys ever-increasing popularity.
It seems that another type of felling, which was called “to the zabir” (it is also “to the pole”, “to the rack” and “to the plod”), made about the same path. True, in Russia, especially in its northern regions, such technology was used almost exclusively for the construction of unheated utility buildings. At the same time, the space between the log posts was filled with the so-called whips ± thin tree trunks, unsuitable for the skeleton of residential huts. Today, such extensions cut down “in a zabir” can be found in any museum of architecture located in the north of the European part of Russia. And in Norway, more than 20 churches have survived, built at the end of the Viking Age using frame technology (perhaps the most famous of them is the stave church in Borgunn), the space between the log posts is filled with a gun carriage. Further, the technique migrated to Canada, where local craftsmen began to lay logs between the racks. True, at the same time, the diameter of both of them increased significantly, but in the end this made it possible to create not only outbuildings, but also warm residential buildings. Time passed, and already under the name of Post & Beam, the technology returned to Russia.
And let what we have told is nothing more than a hypothesis, but, you see, it is quite plausible. After all, the novelty has successfully taken root in our land. Why so fast? There is a perfectly logical explanation for this - many of us, almost at a genetic level, are drawn to live in log house. And here it is proposed to build just such a dwelling, but not according to a technology that has become sore over the centuries, but according to another technology that does not require a long standing of a log house during its shrinkage, and even allows you to create an unusual and very original architecture. So why not agree? Moreover, houses do not need to be brought from overseas - they are cut down here, in Russia, and for this reason alone they are affordable. And it doesn't matter that they are not made of Canadian cedar, its Siberian "relative" and pine are no worse in terms of their strength characteristics and health-improving effects on the human body. Unless they are somewhat different in color - they are not “red”, but golden-amber.
Construction process
The entire course of building a house using Post & Beam technology (which literally translates as “rack and beam”) from Siberian cedar logs with a diameter of 35 to 100 cm is shown in detail in the photographs, so we will only comment on what is left, as they say, behind the scenes.
The felling of dwellings of this type is carried out using a wide variety of ways to connect wooden elements - from the usual Russian cup to grooves and spikes of the most incredible shapes and sizes. All of them require careful execution (otherwise the house will simply be impossible to assemble) and scrupulous adjustment to each other, which reduces the ventilation of the structure even without installing seals. Right on the site, on the side surfaces of the support pillars and strapping logs, they make veils about 30 cm wide - they greatly facilitate the process of sealing the area where the filling of the outer walls adjoins the frame, as well as the installation of windows and doors.
That is why the process of cutting frame elements and its preliminary assembly at the technological site stretches for many months. But then the installation time at the customer's site is reduced to 1-2 weeks. And there are no mountains of shavings and sawdust here.
Pros and cons of Post & Beam technology
The advantages of frame houses based on Post & Beam technology are as follows. On the permanent place locations, they are built at a much higher speed (assembly lasts 1-2 weeks) than buildings based on log cabins, and proceed to fill the gaps between the logs and final finishing walls can be installed immediately after the installation of the frame is completed (the structure is not subject to shrinkage). In addition, frame houses made of logs are much lighter than log-based counterparts, which allows the use of lightweight foundation types, which means that you can save on this. It is also important that the consumption of wood is reduced (if you use a log with a diameter of 35 cm, then it will take at least 50% less for the frame than for a log house). As a result, the total amount of savings during construction can reach 15-25%. In addition, Post & Beam technologies provide architects and designers with a wide range of planning ideas. inner space, on the design of facades and interiors of the dwelling.
But behind this many pluses there is one minus - to trust the construction (the details of the frame are painfully heavy!) Should be exclusively professionals.
Frame houses have long ceased to be a curiosity. However, the Canadian technology, which allows the construction of buildings on the basis of a log frame, is not widespread in our country. The United States of America and Canada were the birthplace of this technology. An interesting fact is that the builders preferred to change the traditional log house for a frame made of round logs. There are many reasons for such a change. The first important reason is the significant savings in lumber. For an ordinary log house, well-chosen logs in diameter are required. They should also be almost perfectly even. Modern technologies allow you to get lumber with a constant diameter throughout the entire length. But it must be remembered that rounding is an expensive procedure. Purchased cubic meters after processing significantly lose in volume. The resulting lumber is an exact copy of each other. The length of the log used to build the log house also matters. A house whose walls are entirely lined with logs of the same length is much more expensive than a frame house. In frame construction, shorter logs can be used. They are placed horizontally as filler for walls and partitions between uprights. The short length is a big plus in terms of cost savings. "Shorty" are waste products from the production of lumber, which allows them to be purchased at a reduced price.
The second reason for preferring a frame house made of logs is unique opportunity flight of architectural fantasy without complicating the construction process. To create log cabins that have unusual shape, requires a maximum of skills, as well as a huge amount of time. Multifaceted and round parts of the structure are very difficult to make for a log house. It is required to use adjusted bowl or paw angles, depending on the type of felling. In addition to accurate calculations, considerable skill is required. Examples of this level of architecture are graveyards from the architectural ensemble of Kizhi. Unfortunately, the traditions of cutting with an ax and assembling without single nail go into the past. Traditional methods are being replaced Newest technologies. Modern log cabins have rectangular shapes, which greatly simplifies their construction and manufacture. For a frame house made of logs, there are no such restrictions. Any impulse of fantasy can be realized with the help of Canadian technology. Hexagonal veranda or round tower - any unusual architectural element becomes easily erected with frame construction. Projects of frame houses are so diverse that everyone can choose a house to their liking.
The third reason is the ability to independently choose materials for the manufacture of walls inside the frame. It can be, for example, a short log. "Shorty" will create the effect of a real log house. They will retain heat and become a reliable basis for any hinged furniture items. When using short logs, there is no need to equip additional braces. By far the most common filling for frame walls is the so-called sandwich. A layer cake of insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier and sheathing helps to create reliable walls. They are able to perfectly protect from the cold and retain heat, while all communications can be laid in them. This allows you to significantly save space indoors and hide unpresentable pipes and wiring. The arrangement of doorways will not be difficult in the wall frame. For log cabins, such an undertaking becomes more laborious when implemented. It is necessary to make openings with a chainsaw only after shrinking the house. Otherwise door frames will be deformed, and the doors will not be able to open and close normally.
Logs are used both for the construction of the frame of the walls, and for the lower trim, which is placed directly above the foundation. The choice of the type of foundation depends on the project of the house and the type of posts on which the construction will be carried out. It is possible to build a frame house from logs on pile foundation. The main thing is to observe the step between the piles and not leave the corners hanging. It must be remembered that all lumber needs to be treated with special solutions that prolong its service life. Bottom trim is a particularly vulnerable area that deserves attention. All joints between the frame logs must also be protected with tow. The choice of lumber is an important stage of construction. The type of wood affects the durability of the structure. It is important to find the best combination of price and quality. For example, oak is a strong and durable basis for the frame. But, unfortunately, the cost of this type of wood is very high. An inexpensive variety of wood is pine, but it is prone to decay. The most optimal option for such construction is larch. The frame elements can be connected to each other in various ways. Exist hidden fixings using a variety of pins. Staples or tying with cables can be used at the junction of the logs. The construction of this type of houses requires a significant amount of knowledge and experience in the construction of frames and log cabins at the same time. To receive best result It is worth entrusting the construction of a house to professionals.