We increase the yield of potatoes with the help of Dutch growing technology. Dutch potato varieties: characteristics, photo and description

There are more than 4 thousand different varieties of potatoes in the world, in the Russian "State Register of Selection Achievements Approved for Use" in 2011 they included 290. All their diversity is classified according to several criteria.

According to the ripening time, varieties are distinguished:

early (50-65 days from planting); mid-early (from 65 to 80 days); mid-ripening (from 80 to 95 days); mid-late (from 95 to 110 days);

According to their economic purpose, they are divided into:

canteens, the most common, with high palatability, containing less than 18% starch, a lot of protein and vitamin C; technical, with a starch content of more than 16%; and a low amount of protein, designed for the production of starch and alcohol; universal, with the amount of starch from 16 to 18%; fodder, high-yielding, with large tubers, contain a lot of starch and protein. Table types in turn, according to their use in cooking, they are divided into 4 groups, denoted by Latin letters:

• type A - with dense pulp, not boiled soft, salad type; type B - universal, with dense pulp, weak flouriness, slightly soft; type C - with soft pulp, medium flouriness, very soft; type D - completely disintegrating.

This classification is accepted in Western European countries and is often marked on imported potatoes. Type A is used for salads, type B and C - for making chips, french fries, mashed potatoes, type D - only for mashed potatoes. Another common type of classification is by the color of the tubers.

In Russia, white, yellow and red potatoes are traditionally grown. Varieties of white potatoes are considered more tasty, boiled. Red potato tubers store better, have more antioxidants and other useful substances in addition, they form less solanine.

Varieties are also distinguished by the color of the pulp, for the most part white or yellow. In our country, preference is usually given to tubers with white pulp, and in Europe, yellow potatoes are more popular because they contain more carotene.

Currently underway breeding work to create fruits with multi-colored peel and pulp. Red, purple, blue and even black varieties have already been developed and put on sale.

They are still quite expensive, but, according to scientists, the brighter the color of the pulp, the more vegetable useful properties. It is the pigments that provide the unusual color that are responsible for the antioxidant activity of the plant. Multi-colored potatoes have appeared on the market of our country recently and in small quantities, although in Europe and America it is already quite well-known and popular.

Common zoned varieties

Below are some popular and promising potato varieties zoned in our country. They are grouped according to maturity and color of tubers. Of the early varieties of red potatoes, Red Scarlet and Anniversary are common with yellow flesh and a starch content of up to 15%, Kholmogorsky, with light yellow flesh, good taste, starch content from 11 to 14%, Rosara, with a starch content of 12-16%, excellent palatability, relatively resistant to late blight, resistant to nematode, cancer. Among the early varieties of white potatoes recommended for cultivation are Impala and Antonina, with light yellow flesh, high palatability, resistant to cancer, with a starch content of 17.7 and 19.4% respectively; Sturdy, with creamy pulp, starch 10-12%, all varieties are resistant to cancer, nematode. Medium early varieties of red potatoes, zoned in our country: Visa, with light yellow flesh, Ilyinsky, with white pulp, Guslyar, all boiled, with starch content 17-18%, with good taste, resistant to a complex of diseases. Mid-early varieties of white potatoes:

with creamy pulp, resistant to cancer and nematode; with a starch content of about 12%, 14%, 17%, respectively. Mid-season varieties of white potatoes:

Dutch potato varieties

Potato is one of the main vegetables grown in the fields and suburban areas of our country. There are many varieties of potatoes that differ from each other in various characteristics. recent times summer residents began to plant more and more dutch varieties potatoes.

This is due to the fact that these varieties are less prone to various diseases and give a fairly high and high-quality crop. Dutch potato varieties such as Mona Lisa, Jarla, Cleopatra, Ukama, Asterix, Frisia and many others are especially popular. Compared to other varieties Mona Lisa is considered the most resistant to various viral diseases. At the same time, the yield is very high, from one bush you can get two kilograms of potatoes or more.

But this variety will not survive in normal soil. It needs nitrogen fertilizers. Yarla belongs to the early varieties of potatoes. Its advantage is that it does not need additional fertilizer.

Any soil is suitable for its cultivation. The yield of Yarla is the same as that of the previous variety. Cleopatra is considered an early and high-yielding variety. One potato bush gives more than 2.5 kilograms of crop.

To grow this variety, sandy or clay soil is required. The only drawback of Cleopatra is its resistance to scab. Ukama also belongs to early and high-yielding varieties.

At the same time, it is very resistant to various potato viruses. The Asterix variety has a high yield, excellent taste and a long shelf life. Frisia is a mid-season Dutch potato variety. It is characterized by high immunity to various diseases potatoes and good yields (about two kilograms per bush).

Elite varieties of potatoes: descriptions, photos

27.03.2013 |

Potatoes degenerate over the years and accumulate diseases, losing their breeding properties. The problem is solved by elite varieties of potatoes, which are distinguished by excellent food taste, high yield and the absence of viruses. Valuable planting material is represented by domestic and Dutch varieties, allowing you to get up to 1 ton of crop from 0.01 ha.

Elite varieties of Dutch potatoes

Dutch potatoes produce excellent fruit for 3 years, and then their yield drops. With proper irrigation of the fields and observing the growing conditions, up to 800 centners of root crops are removed from 1 hectare. The most popular varieties: Red Scarlett, Arterix, Red Star, Symphony, Impala, Zhukovsky, Luck, Romano, Aurora, Disire, Ukama. Red Scarlett - has root crops oval red color with yellow flesh, belongs to the early group, ripens in 60-70 days.

From 1 hectare harvested from 44 to 55 tons of crops. He is not afraid of late blight, cancer, golden nematode, scab. The plant is resistant to drought, the leaves do not curl, the roots are well stored.

Marketability reaches 97%, starch content - up to 16%. Aurora is a mid-season species, which takes from 90 to 100 days to mature. The tubers are oval in shape, creamy flesh and smooth skin, partly colored red.

The variety is moderately resistant to late blight, and is not susceptible to cancer. Up to 396 centners of products are harvested from 1 hectare. The starch level reaches 17.3%, and the marketability is 93%. The Romano variety belongs to the medium potato, which takes 70 to 80 days to ripen.

The fruits have an oval-round appearance with a red skin and a light yellow center. The starch content reaches 13%, the marketability index is 92%. 600 centners of root crops are obtained from 1 hectare.

Romano is protected from phytophthora mosaic viruses. Selected potatoes have been tested, are highly resistant to various viruses, Colorado potato beetles, wireworm, bacteriosis, potato nematode, scab and is able to bear fruit well for 3-4 years, and then it should be changed. Linear range of popular domestic species elite potatoes are represented by Luck, Blueberry, Zhukovsky, Nevsky, Lugovsky varieties, which are well adapted to Russian climatic conditions. Despite the lower yield compared to Dutch potatoes, domestic seed taken from them good bushes, can be planted up to 5 years. Recently, colored potatoes, represented by black, pink, red, blue and striped varieties, have become very popular.

The fruits contain a large number of vitamins and antioxidants. These elite and expensive varieties in industrial scale until cultivated.

Together with the article "Elite varieties of potatoes: descriptions, photos" they also read:

We increase the yield of potatoes using Dutch growing technology

• Step-by-step instructions for growing potatoes using the Dutch method

Potatoes - albeit relatively unpretentious vegetable crop, but many potato growers know personal experience that year after year is not necessary. In one season it is possible to collect a rich harvest of potatoes, the other season brings some disappointments.

The reason for this may be various potato diseases, bad weather conditions, lack of fertilizers in the soil, low quality planting material. To increase the chances of a good harvest, regardless of the weather, it is recommended to plant two or three varieties different term ripeness, adding a handful of well-rotted compost to each hole. Preference should be given to varieties that are less prone to common diseases. Thus, Dutch potatoes are becoming increasingly popular, resistant to various potato viruses, nematodes and cancer. The most common Dutch potato varieties are:

• Eba. A mid-late variety with yellow tubers that is resistant to viral diseases. Prior. An early variety resistant to nematode and tuber damage. To viral diseases and late blight is relatively resistant. Mona Lisa. The yield per bush reaches two kilograms of tubers with the addition of nitrogen fertilizers, in addition, it is the most disease-resistant variety. Cleopatra. The variety is early, high-yielding, grows well on sandy and clay soil, unstable to scab. Asterix. The grade provides a good harvest and is stored for a long time. Jarla. An early variety capable of producing high yield on all types of soil, without additional fertilizer. Frisia. Mid-season variety with excellent immunity to viruses.

What is the peculiarity of the Dutch method of growing potatoes ^

Many gardeners know the Dutch method of growing strawberries, which allows you to get berries. all year round. No less efficiency can be achieved by growing potatoes by Dutch technology, which has been successfully used by our potato growers in the past few years, both on farms and on personal plots.

What is the essence of the Dutch method of growing potatoes? In general, this is a complex of agrotechnical methods that are performed with the highest quality in exactly the appointed time. The Dutch focus on aerating the soil - they loosen it well, plant potatoes in ridges, and leave wide distances between rows. As a result, up to 2 kg of large tubers can be obtained from each plant, which are perfectly stored during the winter. If you want to achieve the same success in growing potatoes as the Dutch, you need to carefully observe ground rules:

• only varietal potatoes are used; planting material is selected of the highest quality, not lower than the second reproduction; potatoes can be planted in one place only once every three years after winter cereals; the soil is fertilized; potato plantings are treated with chemicals and herbicides to destroy infectious diseases and pests; autumn and spring processing soil is carried out in exactly the same time frame according to the established technology.

Even in the farms of our country, not to mention amateur gardens, these rules are not always thoroughly followed, and therefore not everyone manages to achieve such a high harvest as in Holland. In order to save space, potato plantings are very dense, in private plots, as a rule, there is no way to observe crop rotation, and the seed material is often of poor quality. Nevertheless, try to plant potatoes according to the Dutch technology - let the rows turn out to be smaller with row spacing of 70 cm, but you will be able to dig up more quality, large potatoes than usual.

Step-by-step instructions for growing potatoes using the Dutch method ^

Before you start planting, be sure to germinate the seed material: warm it in a bright room at a temperature of +18 degrees until sprouts appear, then lower the temperature to +8 degrees and wait until the purple sprouts reach 2 cm in length. Apply to the soil during spring plowing nitrogen fertilizer- urea. In well-plowed land, make ridges from north to south.

The recommended planting depth for potatoes is 6 cm, from tuber to tuber it should be 30 cm. There are 75 cm aisles between the ridges, this distance will provide better sun exposure to the plants, and the earth will dry out faster after rains. When planting in each hole, first pour a handful wood ash, and then place the sliced ​​potatoes, sprout side up.

If you add onion peel to the wells, this will scare away slugs and wireworms. Cover the planted potatoes with earth, forming ridges up to 10 cm to cover the tubers. When shoots appear, you can carry out the first inter-row processing of potatoes in order to destroy weeds and improve the conditions for the formation of tubers: with well-loosened soil from the aisles, cover the potato sprouts on both sides so that the height of the ridges increased to 20 cm. It is necessary to water the ridges at least three times per summer season- before flowering tops, when flowers appear and ten days later, when the tops fade.

A few days before flowering, potatoes can be sprayed with poisons against Colorado potato beetles. If you are not happy with the modest potato harvest in your area, try new potato growing technologies, and you will definitely succeed. Many potato growers love the Dutch method!

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ELITE VARIETIES OF THE DUTCH POTATOES

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Growing elite varieties of Dutch production, you can actually get up to a ton of potatoes per hundred square meters.

Elite seed potatoes is not a luxury, but a necessity. Potato prone to degeneration and accumulation of diseases. Without knowing this, many gardeners plant unproductive, lost its best qualities, infected seed material.

For high yields of seeds potato you need to update every 3-4 years, a maximum of 5 years, buying elite tubers. Best potato varieties Dutch production are not infected with viral diseases. They passed the test.

When selecting seed material, special attention was paid to the most suitable Russian conditions early and mid-early varieties. Asterix– mid-late grade. Tubers are red with yellow flesh, elongated oval, excellent taste.

On the small areas elite tubers give 2-2.5 kg per bush. Resistant to mechanical damage, does not form dark spots from impacts. Resistant to nematode, cancer, late blight of tubers. Has good keeping quality.

Does not like oversaturation of the soil with nitrogen, prefers additional irrigation. Cleopatra: - early highly productive grade with early tuberization.

Tubers of the correct oval shape, with red skin, superficial eyes and light yellow flesh, quickly become large. With an average number of tubers, it has an excellent yield - 2.5 kg per bush. Does not melt when cooked.

Grows well in clay and sandy soils. Excellent consumer properties even in the early potatoes susceptible to late blight of tubers. Resistant to drought and mechanical damage. Has good keeping quality.

Competitor– early highly productive grade, with very early root formation. The tubers are very large, regular oval, with superficial eyes and light yellow flesh. Productivity - 2-2.5 kg per bush.

Magnificent consumer properties. Tubers are not very susceptible to late blight. Disire– medium late red grade. Tubers are large, oval, with light yellow flesh.

Enjoys great popularity in the world. Widely used in modern breeding, as it has excellent consumer properties. This grade allows you to get good results different types soils, it is not picky about the conditions.

Productivity 2-2.5 kg per bush. Relatively resistant to late blight. Resistant to mechanical damage, moderately susceptible to scab. Good resistance to drought and heat.

Jarla– very early highly productive grade, with large tubers. Provides high yield during a very short growing season. For early use and implementation.

Due to precocity, it is resistant to late blight, internal rust, cancer, scab, and mechanical damage. Does not form dark spots from impacts. It quickly recovers after frosts, it develops well on all types of soils.

Gives a small amount of light yellow large oval tubers with superficial eyes and light yellow flesh. The keeping quality is good in the early potatoes. Exceptionally rugged and reliable grade. Productivity - more than 2-2.5 kg per bush in any summer.

Latona- early, highly productive grade. Tubers are yellow, round-oval with superficial eyes and pale yellow flesh. It has excellent taste, does not boil. Resistant to scab and late blight.

Provides high productivity in a short vegetative period. Productivity - 2-2.5 kg per bush in any summer. Mona Lisa– mid-early grade.

Elongated-oval tubers with superficial eyes and yellow flesh, have a good taste. Resistant to viral diseases, common scab and darkening of the pulp. Insufficiently resistant to late blight.

Requires increased nitrogen application. Productivity - more than 2 kg per bush. Red Star- medium early fruitful grade. Tubers of the correct oval shape, with small eyes, with small eyes, red skin and yellow flesh.

Resistant to scab, viral diseases and nematodes. Moderately resistant to late blight. Productivity - more than 2-2.5 kg per bush on any soil. It has an excellent presentation.

Symphony- mid-early, productive grade with red oval-shaped tubers, with superficial eyes and light yellow flesh. It has good taste, especially when cooked.

In addition, the tubers are dug up almost clean, they are easy to clean. Of all the red varieties, this is the most resistant to common scab, late blight, viral diseases and nematodes. grade. Responsive to fertilization and watering.

Ukama- very early grade. Gives a good harvest of high quality tubers 90 days after planting. Tubers can be dug up already in early July, that is, after 50-60 days.

The tubers are regular, elongated-oval, with light yellow flesh, do not boil soft. Resistant to late blight, nematode Productivity - up to 2.5 kg per bush. Frisia- mid-early, productive grade.

The tubers are large, oval, regular in shape, with superficial eyes and creamy flesh. Does not melt when cooked. Nematode resistant. Moderately sensitive to late blight and scab.

Productivity - more than 2.5 kg per bush.

I'll tell you today about the elite Dutch potato varieties, growing which, you can get up to 1 ton of crop per hundred square meters. The purchase of elite varieties is not at all a luxury, but above all a necessity, since potatoes are prone to the accumulation of diseases and degeneration. Many gardeners do not know this and continue to plant unproductive seed material year after year, which has long lost its varietal breeding qualities and is infected with many diseases.

To get a high yield of potatoes, the seed fund must be updated every three to four years, a maximum of five years. For this, they acquire elite seed tubers.

The best, elite Dutch potato varieties before sale, they undergo special tests and are not infected with viral diseases. The varieties that I will now talk about are most suitable for growing in Russian conditions. "Cleopatra" is a highly productive variety, early tuberization. The tubers have a regular oval shape, red skin, superficial eyes, light yellow flesh.

The tubers grow large very quickly. The yield is excellent: with an average number of tubers, it is 2.5 kilograms from 1 bush. Potatoes of this variety do not boil soft when cooked. Grows well in both sandy and clay soils.

This potato is susceptible to scab, but very rarely affected by late blight. Resistant to mechanical damage and drought, has good keeping quality. "Asterix" is a medium-late variety. The tubers are elongated-oval, red in color with yellow flesh, have a great taste.

These elite tubers in small areas give 2 - 2.5 kilograms of potatoes per bush. Tubers do not form dark spots as a result of blows, resistant to cancer, nematode, late blight. The keeping quality of tubers is good.

This variety does not like when the soil is oversaturated with nitrogen, it needs additional watering. "Dizire" is a red, medium-late variety. It has oval, large tubers, with light yellow flesh. In the world, this variety is very popular.

Due to the presence of excellent consumer properties, it is widely used in modern breeding. The grade is undemanding to conditions, gives excellent results on different types of soils.

Resistant to late blight, moderately susceptible to scab disease, resistant to mechanical warnings, heat and drought. "Competitor" is a highly productive, early variety. Tuber formation is very early.

Tubers of regular oval shape, very large, with light yellow flesh. The eyes are superficial. The tubers of this variety are not susceptible to late blight and have excellent consumer properties.

Productivity - 2 - 2.5 kilograms from one bush. "Latona" is a highly productive early variety. It has round-oval yellow tubers with pale yellow flesh and superficial eyes. Taste qualities- excellent, does not boil.

The variety is resistant to late blight and scab. Provides a high yield in a short growing season. Variety "Latona" gives 2 - 2.5 kilograms from one bush for any weather conditions in the summer. "Jarla" - this highly productive early potato variety has large, oval tubers, light yellow in color.

In a very short growing season, the variety provides high yields. This variety is cultivated for early sale and consumption. Due to precocity, the Jarla variety is resistant to internal rust, scab, cancer, late blight, and mechanical damage.

From blows, dark spots do not form on potatoes of this variety. "Jarla" develops well on any soil and quickly recovers after return frosts. This variety is very unpretentious and reliable.

Its yield in any summer is 2 - 2.5 kilograms per bush. "Red Star" is a medium-early variety. Productivity on any soil can be more than 2 - 2.5 kilograms per bush. The variety has tubers of the correct oval shape, with yellow flesh, red skin and small eyes.

It is moderately resistant to late blight, but it is completely resistant to viral diseases, nematodes and scab. The variety "Red Star" has an excellent presentation. "Mona Lisa" is another wonderful Dutch potato variety.

This is a mid-early variety with elongated tubers with yellow flesh and superficial eyes. The only drawback of the variety is its weak resistance to late blight.

But at the same time, the Mona Lisa variety is very resistant to common scab, darkening of the pulp, and viral diseases. Requires the introduction of high doses of nitrogen. The yield is good, on average - 2 kilograms per bush. "Ukama" is a very early variety.

Gives excellent harvest tubers High Quality approximately 90 days after planting. You can start digging up young tubers after 50 - 60 days, that is, in early July. The tubers are elongated-oval, regular in shape, do not boil soft, the flesh is light yellow.

The variety is resistant to nematode and late blight. The yield of the variety "Ukama" is up to 2.5 kilograms per bush. "Symphony" is a productive variety, medium early, has good taste, is responsive to additional watering and fertilization.

Of all the varieties of Dutch potatoes, it is the most resistant to late blight, common scab, nematodes, and viral diseases. The tubers are red, oval in shape with light yellow flesh and superficial eyes.

The tubers are dug almost clean and wash very well. "Frisia" is a productive mid-early variety with large, regular-shaped, oval tubers with creamy flesh. The eyes are superficial. Doesn't melt when cooked.

On December 23, the tasting of new varieties of potatoes was held for the third year in a row in the Kostroma branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Rosselkhoztsentr”. The official results of the tasting competition are used by the State Variety Commission for Kostroma region for the report, as well as for the promotion and popularization of potato varieties by seed farms. In addition to the experts of the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" in the Kostroma region and the "Gossortokomissiya", experts from 17 organizations of the main potato producers of the Kostroma and Yaroslavl regions. 23 varieties from 5 ripeness groups were presented for testing. The results of the tasting are shown in the table.

Results of tasting potato varieties in 2016.

During the tasting, discussions of experts took place, which, at times, went far beyond the scope of the event. Among the opinions expressed was that main problem potato growing, both seed and commercial, is a sharp drop in potato prices. Often products have to be sold at a price below cost, or even destroyed, due to the lack of buyers. An additional factor in increasing competitiveness in the potato market is high-yielding varieties with high palatability.

Material prepared: Bozhenkov Alexander

The first specimens of Dutch potatoes on the territory of our country began to appear in the late 80s and early 90s. Exactly specimens, since there was not yet a large varietal base, and a few tubers were passed from hand to hand as something unimaginably valuable. Holding such large, unusually yellow potatoes was an unforgettable experience. And when it came time to harvest the "overseas" harvest, the happiness of gardeners knew no bounds - such a number of root crops could not be imagined even with the most violent imagination. Although today all this happiness can be experienced by cultivating Dutch varieties of potatoes in their gardens.

What varieties of potatoes does Holland offer us?

« » - medium-early variety. Known as a vegetable of excellent taste and good yield. Stored well, transported almost without damage. A lot of root crops grow on one bush - up to 20 pieces, each weighing 100-150 grams. Likes warm soil and moderate air temperature. He has a positive attitude towards fertilizing and watering. Late blight is slightly susceptible, other diseases are ignored.

"Romano"- medium early. According to the main characteristics, it is somewhere in the middle place. Root crops are small - 70-80 grams. Slightly susceptible to disease. Keeps well. But with all this, it can be grown, starting from middle lane and ending Far East. Plus, potatoes are valued for their excellent taste and clean, almost the same size tubers.

Agria- mid-late. Phytophthora, scab and viruses are sometimes affected, nematodes and cancer are not. Root crops are quite large - up to 140 grams. Versatile in culinary arts. Dutch breeders predict a great future for Agria. Of the advantages: excellent taste, stable yield, the possibility of processing on an industrial scale.

"Prior"- very early. Root crops are not at all afraid of phytophthora, which is the main advantage of the variety. Aboveground part moderately affected by diseases and viruses. Tubers up to 140 grams. In terms of productivity, it is one of the first places. Tasty.

"Condor"- medium early. To the soil picky. It cannot be said that the variety is ideal in taste, but you can count on a solid 4. The weight of the root crop can reach 180 grams. Frequent watering does not require. Resistant to scab and viruses. Late blight is affected moderately. Such Dutch varieties of potatoes as "Condor" are valued for their consistently high marketability of tubers.

"Cleopatra"- early. Potato variety Dutch selection for lovers of a large harvest from one bush. It is for this that he earned the respect of all gardeners. Moreover, you can get a very decent harvest on soils of any composition, from sand to loam and clay. The weight of tubers is from 90 to 130 grams. Unlike other varieties, it perfectly resists late blight, but is affected by scab.

"Red Scarlet"- early. Root crops from 80 to 120, sometimes up to 150 grams. Since the formation of tubers takes place at once all and in short span time, at the output they are almost the same size. How large the root crop will be depends on the quality of tillage. Drought tolerates well. Biggest yields this variety is obtained in the middle lane and in the south. In terms of its characteristics, it is very similar to the mid-season Red Fantasy. You will find more details in a separate article "C&O".

"Labella"- early. Gives an excellent harvest in a short time. During transportation, it is almost not damaged, it is stored well, the quality of root crops is excellent, due to which it is grown both by private farms and agricultural firms. To the weather quite loyal, does not require a lot of moisture. Phytophthora resistant. The tubers are medium (80 to 100 grams).

Fresco- early. Has tubers up to 130 grams. It is more suitable for growing in the northern regions, but it also feels good in the south. In warm climates, it gives 2 crops. Due to the rather early maturation, when potato diseases are still in "hibernation", most viruses and other sores are almost not affected. It can germinate in still cold (plus 4ºС) soil. Good for making chips.

"Estima"- medium early. best variety for growing on sandy ground. Root crops are large up to 150 grams, all of the same size, even. Potato storage is going well. It gives a good harvest, but, unfortunately, the variety does not bypass the disease. When planting Dutch Estima potato seeds, you do not have to worry about the quality and quantity of the crop.

"Anosta"- early. It has its own unique taste. Tubers have up to 135 grams. More suitable for growing in the middle lane. It resists viruses and scab well, moderate late blight. Normal storage. It is valued for its evenly shaped roots, used in the industry for making french fries and chips.

The varieties listed are not complete list the result of the work of Dutch breeders. There are many others, such as Aladdin, Mustang, Picasso, Eba, Mona Lisa, Ukama, Frisia, Fanfare, Chieftain, Maidas. Each of them is good in its own way, has its own advantages and disadvantages. But for all their differences, there is one for all types of Dutch potatoes. common feature- all "Dutch" high-yielding.

Purchasing Dutch seed potatoes

To say that it is difficult to buy Dutch seed potatoes today would be wrong. There are plenty of places where planting material of the most different quality is offered, at a variety of prices. Another thing is that not all beginners, and some experienced gardeners They also know how to choose the right seeds. But, thanks to the World Wide Web called the Internet, there is not much to choose from. Focusing on the names of the varieties, it is quite possible to find what you need in just a dozen minutes. For example, Dutch potato seeds can be purchased directly from growers. Alternatively, it could be the breeder company HZPC or the seed company ALCHAK. For those who want to choose their own supplier of seed material, there are portals, for example, Agroserver http://www.agroserver.ru/kartofel/f108-p1.htm, where offers from various agricultural companies are presented. Here, someone will like something.

The choice of variety, the purchase of seed material, its cultivation - all this is good and right. But during all these worries, one should not forget that the Dutch varieties have certain restrictions on the timing of cultivation. No, they can be cultivated as long as you want. But if you need a large crop in quantity, with root crops big size, the production of one variety should be no more than 3-4 years. Then the variety will begin to degenerate. But this is more of a wish than a rule.

Along with this article, they usually read:

Every year, many people plant potatoes without thinking that this particular variety may be the least suitable for planting in a given area. For those who good potatoes you need a lot of what to plant, where and when, you just need to know.

Inevitably, after harvesting potatoes, the period of preparing the garden for the next season begins. That is, the site must be brought into proper form, again prepare the soil, decide what to plant after potatoes in the same area.

Dutch potato varieties

AT last years many domestic potato growers became interested in Dutch potato varieties. And this is no accident. Diverse, good varieties, virus-free planting material and modern high-performance technologies are the main factors for stable high potato yields in the Netherlands. On average, 400 centners of tubers per 1 ha are obtained here, and 160,000 ha are occupied by potatoes in this country.

What are the Dutch varieties of potatoes, what is valuable in them?

First of all, these are high-quality table varieties, but a significant part of them is also intended for processing into semi-finished products and finished products. In terms of maturation, most of the varieties belong to the mid-early and mid-season group with intensive initial development of tops and relatively early tuberization. Varieties late dates maturation have a very limited distribution.

Almost all varieties cultivated in Holland are characterized by exceptionally cultivated, well-aligned nest, regular tuber shape (oval, round-oval or elongated-oval), very attractive appearance, shallow or almost superficial ocelli.

When using highly efficient modern technologies usually all Dutch varieties are able to provide high yields. In terms of dry matter content in tubers, the differences in varieties are very significant: from a very high level to a very low level.

Among the immunological characteristics special attention deserves a relatively high degree of resistance of a number of varieties to the Z and Y viruses, which cause the most severe forms of diseases: potato leaf curl, striped and wrinkled mosaics.

The tops of most Dutch varieties are moderately and even severely affected by late blight, which requires the indispensable conduct of multiple treatments with fungicides during the growing season. However, many varieties have tubers that are highly resistant to this disease, which helps to maintain good quality potatoes during storage. Important distinguishing feature many Dutch varieties - resistance to various pathotypes of the potato nematode and cancer, and some - to common scab.

Of particular importance is the reaction of potato plants to various conditions cultivation. It is quite natural that the climatic conditions of Holland, where these varieties are bred, are most favorable for their cultivation, which is especially facilitated by long daylight hours (15-16 hours), sufficient humidity and moderate daytime temperatures during the growing season (15-25 °). However, many of the Dutch cultivars perform well in comparative tests in other climates with shorter daylight hours and more high temperatures. Some varieties can even tolerate drought, so they can be cultivated in countries with drier and hotter summers. However, depending on the growing conditions, some characteristics of the varieties may vary significantly. For example, with a short daylight hours, earlier ripening is noted, and often the variety may be more susceptible to late blight, etc.

In each case, special tests and evaluation of varieties are required, taking into account the possibility of their adaptation to certain growing conditions.

In our work, carried out at the Biotechnological Center of the Potato Research Institute, best results showed new Dutch varieties of potatoes: Prior, Sante, Eba, Romano, Estima, Condor, Agria, etc. Below are their main features and economically valuable features.

Prior . A very early variety with yellow tubers. Resistant to potato nematode. Relatively resistant to viral diseases. Moderately affected by late blight on leaves, more resistant to tubers.

Sante . Mid-early variety. Oval-shaped tubers with numerous small eyes, yellow skin and yellow flesh. The tubers are well aligned in shape and size. They have high taste qualities, contain a lot of dry substances, and are suitable for processing. The first variety registered in the Netherlands with complex resistance to viruses. Above average resistance to phytophthora in leaves and higher in tubers. Resistant to some types of nematodes. Forms a high yield. In a preliminary field test on sandy soils (village Aparikha) in 1990, the yield of tubers was 441 kg per 100 m2. Based on the results of the test, the variety was nominated for zoning in Belarus.

eba . Mid-late variety with yellow peel of tubers and yellow flesh. It has good taste, suitable for the production of chips and fries, well stored. Resistant to viral diseases even when simple reproduction. Suitable for growing on sandy and light soils.

Romano . Medium early variety. Tubers are round-oval regular shape with shallow eyes, red skin and creamy white flesh. The foliage develops quickly, tolerates drought well. The variety is resistant to late blight of leaves and highly resistant to tubers. It is also resistant to viral diseases.

Romano is suitable for growing on various soils, the tubers have a strong skin and are not damaged during harvesting. The taste is good, suitable for the production of fries. This variety is widely distributed in many countries, enjoys growing popularity. There are practically no small tubers in the crop.

Estima . New fast spreading variety showing great results in various countries. Mid-early, high-yielding, resistant to viral diseases. The tubers are large, uniform in shape and size, with very superficial eyes and pale yellow flesh. In preliminary tests on sandy soils (village Aparikha) in 1990, the yield was over 300 kg per 100 m2.

Condor . Medium early variety. The tubers are large, oblong-oval, with superficial eyes, red skin and creamy yellow flesh. The variety provides high yields on any type of soil with a significant yield of large tubers that are well stored and have excellent taste.

The tops are fast-growing, with strong, thick stems and good foliage. Resistant to viral diseases and scab. It is characterized by Dutch specialists as a new world variety with red-skinned tubers. In field tests, it provided a fairly stable and high level productivity.

Agria . Medium early variety. Tubers are elongated-oval, with superficial eyes and yellow flesh. Resistant to potato nematode. Relatively resistant to late blight.

Dutch experts characterize Agria as new, promising, very high yielding variety with highly proportional large tubers, good content dry matter suitable for industrial processing.

In preliminary tests, the yield reached 250-300 kg per 100 m2.

V. Anisimov, L. Startseva , candidates biological sciences, Research Institute of Potato Farming

(Homestead No. 3, 1992)