The project of a simple house with a gable roof. Do-it-yourself gable roof

The gable roof structure is good example how the classics remain relevant for decades and centuries. This simple design today looks new, it is supplemented with modern elements, has acquired a more spectacular look, thanks to new roofing materials. But, in fact, the principle and installation of a roof of two slopes remained the same as they were a hundred years ago.

The article will consider varieties of gable roofs, present photos of modern houses with gable roofs, and also indicate the advantages and features of these types of roofs.

What is a good roof of two slopes

The roofs of private houses in one or two floors are very often made exactly gable. And the point here is not only in the low cost and simplicity of design, but also in its design and technical features.

The biggest plus of the roof of two inclined slopes, connected along the ridge line and based on the Mauerlat, is to compensate for multidirectional forces. The rafter system of pitched roofs is designed in such a way that the pressure from the weight of the roof itself, insulation, lathing and roofing material is evenly distributed on the load-bearing walls (central and side).

Design pitched roofs carried out in such a way that the rafter legs are not connected with each other and with other structural units of the roof - they are not fixed to the ridge and Mauerlat, the strength of the structure is achieved due to the mutual compensation of pressures from the two slopes and balancing the forces with expansion elements (stretch marks, crossbars, slopes , beds).

Attention! If a small country house is being built, the gable roof can be assembled into a single structure - this allows its light weight. The convenience lies in the fact that to collect truss system you can on the ground, and then together or in parts raise it upstairs at home.

You need to understand that the rafter legs of gable roofs are not fixed until the crate is stuffed and insulation, waterproofing and roofing material are laid - they are held on their own, thanks to accurate resistance calculations.

The advantages of gable roofs over other structures are obvious:

• the absence of problem nodes and complex connecting points;
• facilitated convergence of snow masses and precipitation;
• the ability to control wind pressure by turning the ramp in the right direction;
• simplicity of design, thanks to which a small country house, garage or outbuilding can be easily blocked with your own hands;
• a spectacular view that can be supplemented with bay windows, dormer windows, an attic or a canopy;
• several interesting architectural solutions based on the design of two inclined slopes (houses with sloping roofs, hip and half-hip roofs, mansard structures);
• durability of the design, combined with its simplicity and accessibility;
• versatility: simple houses made of timber, equipped with two pitched roof, and two-story mansions in a classic or modern style;
• the system of layered and hanging rafters, which became the basis of a gable roof, allows you to adjust the load on the roof depending on weather conditions and temperature fluctuations.

  Attention! It is also worth noting that gentle slopes are not prone to the accumulation of debris, they do not need to be cleaned, unlike complex broken roofs with valleys and elevation changes.

There are no downsides to a gable roof, otherwise it would have been supplanted by modern complex structures long ago.

Varieties of gable roofs

At first glance, it may seem that the design of the roof of two inclined planes is too ordinary and simple. But this is far from the case - today there are several standard options interesting design such designs, and also, there are a lot of author's solutions developed professional architects for a particular house.

Several simple roof structures of two slopes can be noted.

Traditional gable roof

It is a triangle with two identical sides, which are slopes. The slopes are inclined at one angle, have equal length and the same area. Most often, such roofs are located over country houses, garden buildings, garages and baths. The design is the simplest, you can build it yourself, without outside help and professionals.

It must be remembered that the greater the angle of inclination of the slope, the more building materials the owner will need. But it will be better to protect a high triangular roof from rain and snow, but in regions with strong winds it is better not to make the slope more than 15-20 degrees.

Gable roof with terrace

This is a great solution for country houses and small cottages. You can build such a roof over an existing house, and over housing that is just being designed.

The embodiment of such an idea practically does not differ from the construction of a conventional roof of two slopes - a fence must be installed from the gable of the house and the floor boards of the second floor should be extended to the terrace, and part of the slope should be sewn up with clapboard or other sheathing material to the depth of the slope.

Asymmetric roof with two slopes

This design combines different in size and angle of inclination of the plane of the slopes. The reason for installing this type of roof lies not only in the aesthetic component. The main "highlight" of the design is that the slopes of different areas, inclined at different angles, resist the wind load in different ways.

It is known that a slope inclined at an angle of 20 degrees takes half the load than a 40-45 degree roof, and, accordingly, the wind presses twice as hard on it than on a roof with a slope of 11 or less degrees.

It becomes clear what to use asymmetrical roofs necessary in an area with a constant and strong wind, the direction of which is known in advance. An example would be a house located between a forest and a field: on the side of the open space (field), a gentle slope is mounted, and on the side of natural protection from the wind (forest), the house is covered with a sheer roof, the slope of which has a slope of more than 40 degrees.

Multi-level gable roofs

You can also find a more interesting design of an asymmetric roof - when the slopes are not only different, they are also located at different heights. This option also has a practical justification - a multi-level design allows you to ease the pressure of the roof on the floors and load-bearing walls, sharing the load.

As a rule, such structures have one slope, which is significantly larger in area than the second. It is this part that is supported on the protruding load-bearing wall, transferring the skate to its top. The fulcrum for the second, smaller slope, becomes a beam, reinforced at the level of the ceiling of the first part of the house.

We can say that a multi-level gable roof is, in fact, two shed roofs connected into a single structure. It is justified to build such a roof over large houses, where the length of solid rafter legs would be too large, which would significantly increase the cost of construction.

Different levels of the roof allow you to arrange overhangs, awnings, extend the roof for extensions (garages, terraces, summer kitchens).

Gable roofs with mezzanines, bay windows and dormer windows

This design certainly will not seem boring, because additional elements only enhance its aesthetics and beauty. Bay windows - turrets protruding from the roof with their own roof, reminiscent of the architecture of past centuries, look great on houses in a classical or Gothic style. Inside the bay windows, you can place a dining room or a guest room, so this add-on also has a practical purpose.

For those who dream of a living room in the attic, a roof with a mezzanine and dormer windows would be an excellent option. Houses with such equipment look very picturesque, it is especially pleasant to be under the very roof in a house surrounded by a forest or mountain landscape.

With broken slopes

This design also applies to gable roofs, it looks like a pentagon. The effect is that top part roofing is performed at one angle, and the lower one is completely at a different angle.

This option is considered the most acceptable for arranging a residential attic under the roof. Snow load resistance is good, the broken structure also resists wind normally. Of course, the consumption of building materials is increasing, which must be taken into account.

Results

Advice! Using a tree for the truss system, you can significantly lighten the weight of the entire structure. While modern metal rafters and beams make the roof several times heavier, which requires a stronger foundation and strengthening of load-bearing walls.

Gable roof houses are a classic, and, as you know, they never go out of style. In addition, such structures have a number of advantages over more complex options; two-slope roofs are more durable and practical.

And with the right approach, the house will look very impressive - you just need to choose an outstanding gable roof project and competently bring it to life.

A gable roof occupies a middle position between a single-pitched and multi-pitched roof in terms of complexity and ease of use. Reliable protection of the house from rain, wind and snow, a wide variety of shapes and simple installation- these factors have made the gable roof the most popular in our country. It can be assembled as professional craftsmen and novice builders. The design is used in the construction of capital structures and for small architectural forms - gazebos, baths and tourist houses in campsites.

The device and the main elements of a gable roof

A gable roof is considered to be a roof consisting of two planes. rectangular shape located above the walls of the building and connected at an angle from above.

The popularity of the gable roof is due to the simplicity of its manufacture.

The supporting structure of the roof is a truss system, the purpose of which is to:

• holding the outer and internal coating roofs;
• uniform load distribution on load-bearing walls;
• the formation of the roof frame, necessary for leveling the plane of the slopes.

To understand and successfully put into practice the principles of a gable roof, let's take a closer look at the main elements of its design. In any case, knowledge of the accepted professional terminology will help in the selection and calculation of materials.

1. Mauerlat. Support beam mounted on the wall. It is made of a bar and logs of coniferous breeds of a tree. The purpose of the Mauerlat is to evenly distribute the weight of the roof onto the load-bearing wall. The dimensions of the beam section are determined in accordance with the overall dimensions of the roof, as a rule, it is from 10 to 25 cm in cross section. Fastening is carried out with anchor bolts, metal threaded rods, brackets or wire. Between the Mauerlat and the wall surface is laid waterproofing material to prevent contact between hygroscopic stone and wood. Mauerlat can be made from solid wood, sewn boards or glued beams.

   To fix the Mauerlat to the wall, you can use anchors, threaded studs, brackets or wire

2. Rafter farms. The assembly of rafters can be carried out both on the ground and directly on the roof. The farm is a triangle with given dimensions. It is assembled from boards or timber with a thickness of 50 mm and a width of 150 mm. It is important to observe technological tolerances during the installation of trusses, since the final configuration of the slope plane depends on them. An error of 1 cm at a distance of 0.6 m is considered unacceptable: the roof will be wavy, and the fit of the roofing material is uneven. The installation step of the rafters varies from 0.6 to 1.2 m.

   Assembly of roof trusses can be carried out both on the ground and directly on the roof

3. Sill. This detail is used in layered structures. Like the mauerlat, it is installed on the supporting (inner) wall and serves to distribute the load from the racks under the ridge run. The dimensions of the bed usually do not differ from the dimensions of the Mauerlat, but there are exceptions (depending on the thickness of the wall).

   In the construction of a gable roof, the bed is located on the middle support of the house

4. Racks. An element used to compensate for vertical loads. Racks connect ridge and horizontal runs with a bed and load-bearing beams. The thickness of the beam is selected depending on general design roofs. Fasten it with nails, screws and metal brackets.

   Racks prevent deflection of rafters under load

5. Crossbars (puffs). Reinforce the rigidity of the triangular structure of the rafters and connect the rafter logs together into a single frame.

   The crossbar connects the rafters and enhances the strength of the truss structure

6. Skate (or ridge run) - the upper horizontal part of the roof, located at the intersection of two slope planes. The run is a solid massive beam that connects the slopes along the entire length.

   All upper points of the truss trusses are connected by a ridge beam

7. Overhang. Part of the roof protruding 40-50 cm beyond the Mauerlat. Designed to protect the walls from getting wet. Gutters are installed under the overhangs.

   The overhang performs protective functions, closing the walls from moisture

8. Lathing. The outer part of the structure, which is laid over the rafter legs. Executed from wooden slats or (in case soft roof) plywood, chipboard or OSB. The function of the crate is not only to fix the roofing material, but also to increase the rigidity of the frame as a whole. Edged or unedged barked boards impregnated with antibacterial compounds are used. The thickness of the crate varies from 22 to 30 mm.

   Before installation roofing a crate is installed on the rafters

9. Filly. An additional element that is used in cases where the rafter logs are not long enough to organize a full-fledged overhang. To build up the rafters, boards or timber of the same or slightly smaller size are used. Fix them with nails and screws.

   Filly can be attached to the rafters with bolts or nailed

10. Rafter legs (struts). Spacers that act as a link between the supporting beams and rafter legs. They are made locally from boards and timber. AT cottage construction use poles of small diameter (up to 14 mm) with turned flat ends.

    The main function of the rafter legs (struts) is to increase the rigidity of the truss system

Video: stages of construction of a truss structure

Rafter system options

Depending on the location of the load-bearing walls of the building, one of the possible types of truss system is chosen:

• layered;
• hanging.

Rafters

The layered mounting system assumes the presence of an additional supporting wall of the house, on which the weight of the roof is transferred. For this, a ridge run and a bed are used, interconnected uprights. This type of structural reinforcement is simple and effective, but it interferes with the arrangement of the attic space under residential area. The useful area is reduced and there are additional costs for finishing. A good solution to the problem in this case is the male (which is a continuation of the wall and erected before the formation of the roofing system) pediment, which takes on the weight of the roof structure. In addition, the disadvantages of layered technology include the need for long elements. It is extremely problematic to transport and install runs, the length of which is more than 6 m, without lifting equipment. There are four types of layered structures.

1. Strutless rafters. There are three types of assembly of this design:
   • with a rigid attachment to the Mauerlat (the ridge run is connected to the top of the rafters sliding mount with additional fixation with metal strips);

     The rigidity of fixing the rafters to the Mauerlat is provided by metal brackets

   • with slide fastening to the Mauerlat (the floating connection is duplicated by a flexible plate, the upper parts of the rafters are attached to the purlin or between themselves in pairs);

     Slider fastening is provided by a flexible plate installed at the top of the roof trusses

   • with rigid fastening of the rafter legs and the roof ridge into a single whole (using additional boards).

     In this option, all elements of the truss truss are connected into a rigid triangle

2. Expanding rafters. The fastening of the rafter legs to the Mauerlat is rigid, but a horizontal run is added between the rafter legs. This design is intermediate between a layered structure and a hanging one. It is used in cases where the load-bearing wall is strong enough and able to withstand the bursting pressure from the roof. Sometimes for this, a reinforced concrete belt is installed around the entire perimeter of the roof.

   Spacer rafters transfer bursting loads from the roof to the mauerlat, so they are used only in cases where sufficient wall strength can be ensured

3. Rafters with struts. The strut performs the function of an additional support, it is often called the third rafter leg or rafter leg. It is installed at an angle of 45–50 ° and does not allow the main rafters to sag. With the help of struts, it is possible to block spans with long distances(up to 15 m). The main thing during assembly is the accuracy in cutting the corners of the struts in accordance with the slope of the rafter leg. No other calculations are required. The brace is nailed to the bearing elements on both sides.

   Rafters with struts allow you to cover spans of great length

4. Rafters on rafter beams. An additional beam is laid along the length of the roof, on which the racks rest, supporting the rafters. The bed and other walls of the house perform the same function. If there are no runs, a separate rack is installed under each rafter leg. The puff is set below the run, thus eliminating the thrust. With the help of contractions installed in the lower part, they compensate for the load from the weight of the upper part of the rafters. Additional stitching, connected crosswise, fix the position of the fight.

   To strengthen the structure of the rafters in the scheme with rafter beam additional elements are used: puffs, crossbars, contractions and jointing

hanging rafters

The hanging scheme is used in the absence of an average support. The rigidity of the roof is enhanced by the installation of ligaments and crossbars between adjacent roof trusses. Often this is the only way to equip the roof, especially in cases with small size overlap.

One of the significant advantages of this type of construction is the high strength and rigidity of the frame. When installing a hanging truss system, there is no need to fix the Mauerlat.

Hanging systems, as well as layered ones, are divided into 5 types, each of which is three-hinged.

1. Triangular three-hinged arch. The least expensive option for a roof device. It is a triangle with a limited degree of load. There are two options for attaching the rafters to the puff - an orthogonal frontal cut and a bunch using plate fasteners.

   Rafters and puffs are fastened by cutting or using rigid plates made of wood or metal

2. Three-hinged arch with a raised puff. It is used in the construction of attic spaces, which are planned under the attic. The transverse tightening is installed in the upper part of the truss truss. Fastening to the Mauerlat - sliding. For the system to work properly, a long extension of the rafters beyond the boundaries of the walls is recommended. To compensate for the possible sagging of the puff, suspensions are used (one or more - according to the circumstances). If the tightening length is large, it is possible to splice two beams using clamps.

   Floating attachment to the Mauerlat relieves stress from the rafters, and the location of the puff determines the height of the attic

3. Triangular arch with headstock and struts. In the case when the rafters are very long, additional struts are used to strengthen them. They reduce the chance of deflection under the action external loads and transfer the weight of the roof to the lower puff. In addition, a headstock is hung on clamps to the ridge run, which supports the ridge, and therefore helps to increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

   A triangular arch with a headstock and struts is used for very long rafters when you need to unload ridge knot and increase the rigidity of the entire system

4. Three-hinged arch, reinforced with a suspension or headstock. This type of roof structure is used for roofs with large (more than 6 m) spans. Its essence lies in the fact that the weight of the puff is transferred to the ridge run. They are interconnected by pendants, the ends of which are clamped into clamps. pendant from wooden beam they call it a grandmother, and an iron one is called a burden. Using the clamp bolts, you can adjust the degree of tension, which is especially important in case of slack in the tightening.

   Suspension brackets and stocks prevent deflection of the puff, and the degree of tension fastening unit can be adjusted

5. Triangular arch with crossbar. At high expansion loads, a crossbar is added in the upper part of the triangle. It, unlike tightening, compensates for compressive stress. The fastening of the crossbar does not allow articulated connection with the rafters. The puff is installed at the base of the structure.

   To compensate for spacer loads, a horizontal crossbar is installed in the upper part of the roof truss

Video: installation of rafters for a garage and a bath

What determines the height of the ridge of a gable roof

As noted above, the ridge is the upper horizontal part of the roof, formed by the intersection of the slopes. Determining the height of the ridge is one of the key tasks in roof design. The wrong decision entails a number of problems associated with further operation.

1. Climatic conditions of the region. These include average annual precipitation, wind load and snow depth. Each factor makes its own adjustments when choosing the height of the roof. So, prolonged snow drifts and heavy rains suggest slopes steeper than 45 o, while precipitation leaves the roof rather quickly, without having time to cause damage. In the steppe zones, where stable winds prevail, it is customary to build sloping roofs, with slopes of no more than 10–12 degrees. Here, a roof with a low-pitched design will last longer and will be more efficient in retaining heat in the house.
2. The presence or absence of an attic in the design of the house. Since gable roofs are of two types - with or without an attic, when choosing the angle of inclination, further stages of operation must be taken into account. One of the most common options for arranging an attic space is an attic. To do this, use a special design of a gable roof, which is called a broken line and expands the usable area of ​​​​the attic. The option without an attic is more often used in the construction of garages, warehouse hangars and similar structures.

   Roof without attic floor increases the volume of the room, but has large heat losses

3. Type of roofing material. Knowledge of the properties of the outer coating influences optimal choice the slope of the slopes and the height of the ridge. Here are some basic rules:
   

It should be taken into account the fact that raising the skate is accompanied by additional financial costs. For example, a structure with a slope of 40-45 degrees will cost 1.5-2 times more than a roof with slopes of 10-12 degrees. With a further increase in the angle of inclination, the cost increases exponentially.

The importance of correctly determining the height of the roof ridge in each specific situation cannot be overestimated. She did not remain without attention to regulatory building documents.

The collection of rules and tables of SNiP 23.01.99 and SP 20.13330.2011 reflect in detail the requirements for the construction of roofs in various climatic zones.

The minimum dimensions of operated attics (residential attics) are also regulated there. Not only the convenience of the premises for human life is taken into account, but also fire regulations. Attic dimensions should not be smaller necessary minimum for the prevention and maintenance of the roof - 1.5 m in height and 1.2 m in length. It is allowed to narrow the passages in complex composite structures by 35–40 cm.

There are two ways to determine the height of the ridge:

1. Graphical, which uses an exact drawing at a given scale.
2. Mathematical - using geometric formulas expressing the dependence of the height of the ridge on the length of the base of the roof and the angle of inclination.

The third one can be called automatic way calculation using online calculators, which the Internet abounds today. But with all due respect to modern computer technology, one must be aware that in the event of an error or inaccuracy of calculations, no one will be held responsible for wasted money.

Therefore, it is better to do the calculations yourself. Geometric calculations are made according to the formula H \u003d L ∙ tg A, where H is the height of the ridge, L is half the length of the span, and tg A is the tangent of the slope angle, the value of which can be taken from the reference tables.

To determine the height of the ridge, you need to know the size of the base and the tangent of the slope angle

Table: tangent values ​​​​of different angles for calculating a gable roof

Types of gable roofs

Above, we examined the options for gable roofs from the point of view internal device designs. Now let's analyze their external structure.

Roof with different slope angles

Roofs with different slopes of slopes are also called asymmetric. More often they are used in small architectural forms, but there are cases of capital buildings with such roofs. The bottom line is that the building is covered with a roof with different length stingrays. The number of slopes does not change - there are also two of them, but the perception of the building as a whole changes significantly. The construction becomes unusual, stylish in its own way, acquires uniqueness and attracts the eyes of people.

An extended roof slope can be used to organize additional functional extension e.g. garage

Despite the additional difficulties in the construction of such a roof, the popularity of the design does not decrease. On the contrary, developers strive to give houses unusual, original forms. To do this, they use various architectural techniques, including roofs with different lengths of slopes.

roof with skylight

Dormer windows bring a unique color to the exterior of the building and are very useful in a practical sense. With their help, the problem of attic lighting is solved, as well as natural ventilation without any additional technical means. Installing dormer windows is not an easy task, requiring knowledge and skills. Initially, a glazed opening in the gable of the roof was considered a dormer window, but today the range has expanded, and windows mounted in slopes also belong to this category. In appearance, dormers are divided into:

• attic;
• lean-to;
• gable;
• arched;
• hip;
• french flat;
• with side walls in the plane of the house;
• without side walls in the plane of the house;
• with side walls not in the plane of the house.

Each type of dormer window is installed according to its technology

Of all the listed categories, only skylights can be installed both at the time of the construction of the roof, and after construction is completed. The rest are built simultaneously with the assembly of the truss structure. This is due to the need to organically integrate into support system a window that must withstand climatic loads and not cause leaks or distortions of the roof.

The dormer window must fit into the general support system of the rafters and withstand all the loads acting on the roof

Dormer windows are installed in accordance with normative documents SNiP 11–26 and SNiP 21–01.

They stipulate the conditions under which it is possible to install a dormer window:

• permissible slope slope - not less than 35 o;
• the maximum allowable size of a window with opening sashes is 1.2x0.8 m;
• skylight on the roof with hip design and a rectangular facade cannot be in the same plane with the walls of the building;
• for outer cladding windows can be used tiles, copper, sheet steel.

You can install the dormer window yourself or by contacting professionals for help. But in any case, it is necessary to comply with general construction rules developed by specialized organizations.

Cuckoo roofs

"Cuckoo" is a construction built into the main truss system in the form of a protruding window or balcony. The appearance of such a structure compares favorably with the surrounding houses, and inner space attic is transformed and becomes more interesting. Except aesthetic benefits"cuckoo" increases the usable volume and area of ​​​​a residential floor, increases the level natural light. The window, located on the south side of the roof, contributes to the penetration of direct sunlight into the attic. Improves room ventilation.

The cuckoo design creates an original appearance and increases the attic lighting area, but requires careful calculation to save bearing capacity roofing

But the “cuckoo” also has disadvantages, mainly of a financial nature:

• the labor intensity of installation work increases;
• the total estimate for the construction of the roof is increased;
• there is a need to use the services of qualified designers and builders.

Illiterate installation of a remote window (or balcony) on a gable roof can cause damage to the roof and the formation of leaks.

Roof with large overhangs

A roof that extends far beyond the house is called a chalet roof. The technology is borrowed from Europe - from the mountainous Alpine regions of France and Switzerland.

One of the features of the "chalet" type roof is the increased size of the roof overhangs.

Distinctive features are the first floor, built of stone, and the second floor, completely made of wood with a voluminous flat gable roof and large extensions. The originality of the exterior is combined with the practicality due to education large area around the house, protected from snow and rain. This solution reliably protects the walls of the house from getting wet, increases the sound insulation inside the room. The front side is often equipped with full-length windows and balconies. Despite the impressive dimensions, the roof practically does not weigh down the building. If the roof extension exceeds 3 m, its edge is additionally supported by columns or walls. There are numerous projects in which the rafters smoothly descend to the ground. An additional isolated area is formed next to the building, which is used for auxiliary purposes, as a car parking, etc.

Traditionally, chalet roofs are covered with shingles, but for our latitudes this is a very expensive material (oak split into tile plates). Therefore, today modern natural and synthetic materials are used for such roofs, including:

• straw or reeds;
• flexible or ceramic tiles;
• composite stylized roof;
• larch shingles or shingles.
  

Off-center roofs

Roofs designed according to the principle of asymmetry belong to the avant-garde direction in architecture. The ridge is shifted from the central axis of the building, due to which the roof sometimes acquires the most fantastic outlines.

Despite the bizarre shape, roofs with a displaced center regularly perform their functions.

Formally, such a refinement can be considered one of the varieties of roofs with different angles slope slopes. In practice, this technique is used in cases where the internal supporting walls are not in the middle of the building. The displacement is due to the desire of the designer to support roof structure maximum in a reliable way and reduce the cost of reinforcing the suspension span.

The choice of roofing materials

Of all options roofing materials of artificial origin are the most common today. The table below gives comparative characteristics basic coatings on the construction market.

Table: properties of roofing materials

Material name	Slope angle	Fire resistance level	Noise isolation properties	Specific gravity, kg / m 2	Service life, years	Price	Assembly difficulty level	Difficulty of repair and replacement	Material disadvantages
Decking	12–90 about	Tall		5,7–9,4	30–35	Low			Noisy, susceptibility to corrosion, large waste on roofs of complex shape
Asbestos-cement slate	12–60 about	Tall	Medium (but higher than metal types of roofing)	10–15	25–30	Low	Average	Lightweight, replacement of the damaged area	The presence of asbestos in the composition, harmful to humans. Fragility, covered with moss.
Ondulin	15–90 about	Short	High	6–6,5	35–50	Low	Easy installation that does not require high qualifications	Lightweight, replacement of the damaged area	Color is guaranteed for 5 years, low decorative properties.
Ceramic tiles	15–60 about	Tall	Good ones	40–100	up to 100	Very high		Lightweight, replacement of the damaged area	The only drawback is the fragility of the material to fracture
Cement-sand tiles	15–60 about	Tall	Good ones	18–30	up to 100	High	Difficult, requires skill	Lightweight, replacement of the damaged area	Not
metal tile	from 14 o	Tall	Low (especially with illiterate assembly)	3,5–5	40–50	Low	Easy installation that does not require high qualifications	Lightweight, replacement of the damaged area	Large waste of material when installing a complex roof. Subject to corrosion.
Soft (bituminous) tiles	from 15 about	Tall	Good ones	3–4	30–40	Medium	Easy installation that does not require high qualifications	Lightweight, replacement of the damaged area	The composition contains bitumen, a carcinogen.

In addition, non-standard types of coatings such as straw, reeds or turf are sometimes used in the construction of roofs. But this phenomenon can rather be called an exception to the rule and a tribute. ancient traditions, these materials do not have mass application.

Laying reed roofing requires a lot of hard work and is more of an exotic option.

Projects of houses with a gable roof

Most developers, when choosing a ready-made house or cottage project, pay attention to functional features structures and roof shapes. And it is no coincidence. The cost of the roof can be up to 30% of the total estimate. But the budget can be significantly reduced if you change the shape and choose inexpensive roofing materials. In this respect, the gable roof has a clear advantage over the others. And so today it is the most sought after. Here is a far from complete list of the advantages of a gable roofing at home:

• any building, including complex multi-level buildings, can be covered with a roof with two slopes (without compromising the appearance and internal comfort);
• roof installation work will be much cheaper due to the ease of installation and the availability of materials (without compromising strength and reliability);
• when covered with metal tiles, the amount of waste will be minimal (for example, in a hip roof, waste can be up to 30%).

Architectural and construction organizations have a huge number of ready-made projects, and for little money they modify them to the conditions of customers.

Photo gallery: ready-made projects for houses with a gable roof

Cottage economy class, covered with a gable roof, is one of the most inexpensive and popular options for suburban housing
Roof windows partially replace artificial lighting on the attic floor
AT two-story house you can make a low skate and a small attic room
A high gable roof allows you to organize full-fledged living quarters on the attic floor

Individual design (including independent) is mainly carried out for the construction of houses with gable roofs and an improved layout, such as:

• one-story residential buildings with increased dimensions of the under-roof space;
• mansard houses with and without lucarnes;
• two-story houses with attic and attic rooms.

Having decided on the necessary parameters of housing and financial opportunities, you can independently or with the help of specialists create your own project of your dream home.

Gable roof for gazebo

A wonderful invention of our ancestors is the gazebo. Holidays outside the city, family celebrations, meeting guests at suburban area and picnics - this is just a brief listing of those functions that are associated with the gazebo. Perhaps that is why such a structure is present in almost every suburban area. One of the main components of the gazebo is the roof.

The gable roof reliably protects the gazebo from rain, dust and falling leaves and gives it the look of a fabulous house

Pergolas are built with various types roofs, but the most popular are gable roofs.

Photo gallery: gazebos with gable roofs

Gable roof summer gazebo will reliably cover camping visitors from rain or direct sunlight
The offset of the ridge is used so that additional supports can be installed under the rafters, which will not interfere with the entrance and exit
The stove built into the gazebo turns it into a small summer cafe
Pergolas can be used in parks and recreation areas to shelter visitors from snow, rain or heat.

The principles of erecting a roof over a gazebo are largely identical to those used in the construction of residential buildings. The difference lies only in the structure of the supports: the roof is not on the walls, but on columns or vertically installed bars.

Types of gable roofs for gazebos are identical in design with the roofs of ordinary houses

Building a pergola can be a good experience before building a large gable roof on your own.

Assembling a shed roof is, of course, faster and easier. But preferring the classic gable roof, the owner of the building simultaneously acquires a more durable coating and attic space, which over time can be turned into a residential attic. The initial costs will more than pay off, and the house will acquire a distinctive and at the same time attractive appearance.

Despite the large selection various types roofs, their variation, uniqueness and originality, it is gable roofs that are invariably very popular. She has simple design, good stability regardless of weather conditions and climatic specifics of the region where the house is located. The truss system of such a roof, like any other, has a number of installation aspects, which we will study.

Subtypes

A gable (gable) roof consists of two oblique orthogonal surfaces - slopes. They are placed at a certain angle to the walls of a private house, due to which they provide a drain of snow, rain and melt water.

A roof with different slope angles is not a symmetrical roof, which emphasizes the originality and individuality of the building owner. Externally, this roof is attractive, but not practical, because the attic room under this roof is inconvenient to operate.

Broken gable - is used when the owner has an urgent need to build a living space (attic) in the attic. This type of roof will have an increased amount of attic space, which means it is convenient to equip a living room there, protected from external factors.

Gable symmetrical - simple, unpretentious, but at the same time the favorite of the majority. At the base of such a roof is an isosceles triangle.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination of the roof, which depends on climatic conditions, architectural features building. In southern regions with strong winds, more gentle slopes are used so that the wind load is minimal. In the snowy and northern regions of the country, a gable roof is installed with steeper slope angles so that snow does not linger on the roof.

In general, the angle of inclination of the slopes can vary from 5 to 90 degrees. The best option is 30-45 degrees, since this range is the most cost-effective, the amount of materials used is minimal, and the load is evenly distributed. The disadvantage will be hidden in the fact that it is difficult to build an attic under such a roof, in most cases the attic remains a cold building, it is impossible to live in it.

If it is planned that the attic will be adapted to the attic, then you need to use a gable broken roof(sloping top, steep slope at the bottom). Under such a roof, there will be much more space, which means that it will be possible to equip a living room here. However, one must be prepared for difficulties, since the design of the truss system will change, it will become more difficult to construct.

Types of truss systems

The truss systems of gable roofs have differences in the supporting bases, in general, they distinguish layered and hanging structure rafters. You can also highlight the third - a combined version that contains both truss systems.

Hanging rafters are used in houses, the distance between the rafters, which is less than 6 meters, and layered rafters are used where there is a load-bearing middle wall or columnar supports.

The load-bearing elements of a gable roof are the Mauerlat (a beam placed under the rafter leg to distribute the load) and the rafter system (racks, rafter legs, crossbars, struts and struts, which were made of iron, reinforced concrete or wood).

Installation of rafters

Before installing the rafters, you need to fix the power plates with anchor bolts, attaching them to the longitudinal walls of the house. After that, you need to select the section of the rafter legs, which depends directly on the length of the legs, the distance between them at the installation stage. It is necessary to choose the optimal, rational distance so that the amount of insulation waste is minimal.

Procedure for installing rafters:

• It is necessary to make a template for collecting a truss truss. For a template, it is enough to take two boards (the length of one of them should be similar to the length of the rafter leg), which are connected with 1 nail on one side.
• This design is laid with free edges on the supports where the rafter legs will rest. The angle that turned out and will be the angle of inclination, which is fixed with nails and a cross bar.
• Now we are making a second template for mounting cuts on the rafters, it is best to make it from plywood.
• The rafters receive mounting cuts, after which they are connected at an angle of inclination of the slope. The resulting triangle is a truss truss. The structure is placed on the roof and fastened with a Mauerlat.
• It is necessary to install 2 extreme gables of the truss, which are supported by struts, so that they are installed and used correctly.
• It is necessary to pull the cord between the trusses, indicating the place where the ridge will be installed, and also with the help of it the level of the intermediate rafters will be determined.
• After that, a number of trusses are raised and installed, which should be located at a distance of at least 60 centimeters from one another.
• If the roof structure turns out to be too large, then it must be strengthened with a crossbar, support or struts.
• The ridge beam must be installed on special supports, after which a series of rafters (short, diagonal and intermediate) must be attached to it.

Calculations

The correctness of the calculations depends on how many years the roof can last, whether it will be a high-quality and reliable protection of the house from external factors affecting it. If a roof structure has a complex shape, then you need to involve a professional, since the calculation itself will not work. For a gable roof, you can make calculations yourself using the basic rules and formulas.

In general, it would be better to involve a professional who can check the calculations and their correctness. The specialist will give advice and correct the calculations in case of their error. First you need to decide on the angle of the slopes and choose the roofing.

Then you need to take into account the wind and snow loads, count them. A roof with an angle of up to 25 degrees has a coefficient of transition from snow to the roof - 1. For a roof of 25-65 degrees - 0.7. Snow load for Russian regions varies from 80 to 330 kg/m^2. That is, with a load on a horizontal plane of 150 kg / m ^ 2 with a roof at an angle of 45 degrees, the load on the roof will be - 150 * 0.7 = 105 kg / m ^ 2.

You also need to calculate the wind load and the constant load in the form of the weight of the roof (insulation, waterproofing, lathing, coating material, etc.). Ultimately, the total load is considered, including both permanent and temporary. Based on the final data, choose the section of the rafter legs, their proximity to each other.

The roof is an important part of the house, without which it is impossible. Most people prefer practicality, completely forgetting about the external data of the house, its visual perception. Not everyone attaches particular importance to the roof and its type, but in vain. Thanks to the roof, even a small one-story house can be significantly transformed, become more expressive and original.

Of course, it is clear that, first of all, the roof is a reliable protection, because it must protect the house from external factors and their influences. Chasing beauty, many forget about reliability, and subsequently suffer from problems that have arisen at the first snow or snow. heavy rain. That is why you need to choose best option, combining both external attractiveness and reliability.

Roof construction of a one-story house

Roof one-story house consists of a bearing and enclosing parts interconnected, because they not only interact, but also maintain the balance of the entire structure. The peculiarity is that the mistakes made in one component will lead to violations in the second, which means that the design as a whole will suffer and will not be of high quality.

In most cases, it is customary to use pitched roofs for a one-story house, the angle of the slopes depends on many factors. Pitches can be affected by both the type of pitched roof and the roofing material. The supporting part of the structure is the roof frame, which includes wooden rafters.

In addition to them, you can find a Mauerlat there, which collects all the rafters at one point, the other side of the leg is attached to the beam intended for this. The rafter system should be based on the run, and special racks will evenly distribute the weight, make the load the same on all load-bearing walls. To prevent the rafters from moving, braces and struts are used, as well as a wire that provides secure fixation.

If the house is completely made of logs, then the wire will have to be replaced with metal brackets, which must be attached to the second log (counting from top to bottom). The rafters must be laid, making an indent from the ceiling of 0.3-0.4 meters, this will give easy access to the rafter system in case urgent repair work.
The enclosing part begins from the moment when they begin laying the waterproofing that protects the house, protecting it from moisture and rotting of the roof structure. Between the rafter legs and the Mauerlat, you need to put two layers of roofing material, after which you can make a wooden crate and roof the roof.

If the house is large and its width is more than 6 meters, then the construction of supporting walls will be required, because the roof will need additional support. With such dimensions of the house, a layered truss system is used; in the case when the building is small, a hanging rafter laying system is used.

Current types of roofs

If we take into account all the roofs, they can be divided into two main categories: pitched and flat. In the case of a flat type of roof, everything is already clear, because there are no features here. It should be noted that one-story houses with a flat roof look very boring and unsightly, so its use is not recommended. The only options when flat roof better - the creation of additional space for the equipment of the pool on the roof of the house.

Types of pitched roofs that can be used for one-story houses:

• Single and double slope.
• Tent, hip and semi-hip.
• Broken line (mansard).
• Complex (multi-forceps) and combined.

Shed roof - cheap, simple and reliable, but not very attractive. Generally shed roof It is a ramp fixed on walls with different heights. This option is more likely to have outlived its own, since the shed roof is practically not used in the construction of modern houses. It is best used on outbuildings or garages.

The gable roof is a timeless classic. This option is optimal for a one-story house. This type of roof combines practicality and reliability; it is simple and not very expensive to build it. With this roof, you can already emphasize the exterior of the house, express its individuality, using various styles and roofing.

A four-pitched hipped-type roof consists of slopes in the form of a triangle, the tops of which converge to one point. This option looks interesting, built quickly and easily.

An alternative option is a hip roof, this is also a kind of four-pitched roof. The main difference is that during the construction of the roof, two triangular slopes (end) are used, and the two main ones are made in a trapezoidal shape. Building a hip roof is a little more difficult, but outwardly it will be very tempting.

The mansard roof is a construction with broken slopes that is constantly gaining popularity. Thanks to such a roof, it is not necessary to create a second floor, because the attic can be actively used as a residential attic.

Combined or many gable roof- an expensive and difficult to implement option. Such roofs are mainly used for large cottages or houses with several floors, so the use of these types of roofs will not be entirely logical when building a small one-story house. These roofs are the most beautiful in appearance, however, only professionals can build them, and the cost of this will be very high.

Roof design and installation

Before you start building a house and a roof, you need to develop a project, think through all the details in it and pay Special attention every little thing. At the stage of project formation, you need to choose the type of roof, solve design issues, and also choose the material that will be used to build the roof, its roof.

The end result should be successfully combined, harmonized, creating a single picture that suits both externally and functionally. When choosing materials, you need to focus not only on their external data, but also on functionality especially mounting. Roofing material should be not only attractive, but also reliable, because you need to live in this house.

You can carry out the work yourself, but you can attract professionals who guarantee the quality of work and the reliability of the design. It will cost more, but the result will certainly be good, which is very important when building a house.

For many developers, importance roof shape. And for good reason - the cost of installing a roof can be about 30% of the total cost of construction. The budget for the roof can be significantly changed by choosing a different roof shape, different roofing material, one or another truss system.

House plans with a gable roof: the advantages of a roof structure

In this section of the catalog we have collected standard projects houses with gable roofs. This is perhaps the most economical and popular option:

• installation work will cost you less due to the simplicity of the design of such a roof;
• metal tiles for such a roof will be used with a minimum amount of waste.
• This design will ideally cover any rectangular building. in the best way a gable roof is suitable for a house with an attic. By placing the windows in the gables, you can ensure a sufficient level of ventilation and illumination of the attic.

Project plans for houses with a gable roof

• One-story houses with a gable roof;
• Attic houses with a simple gable roof;
• Mansard houses with a gable roof, with lucarnes;
• Two-story houses with a gable roof.

If the layout of houses with a gable roof includes an attic room, then one can observe a kind of gable roof - a broken structure with an increased angle of inclination of the lower web (from 65 to 80 °) compared to the upper one (from 25 to 30 °). Such an approach is in a good way increase in attic space. A gable roof also includes a vaulted roof, having the shape of a circle or any other. Such a roof is able to decorate the protruding parts of the building. If you need individual design residential buildings, we will be able to fulfill this for you at an additional cost. You can see more about this service. It can also be just projects of houses with a gable roof. At the request of the client, houses with a gable roof can be created.

If you need an inexpensive private house, we recommend choosing ready-made projects of houses with a pitched roof without lucarnes (facade windows in the attic), or replacing lucarnes with dormer windows. Facade windows in the attic look very attractive, but the installation of the roof is more expensive than harder shape roof, the greater the estimate of the developer's costs. simple shape houses with a gable roof can be decorated original design facades, terraces, entrance group- then a new house with a gable roof will not look primitive and will not cost you as much as a cottage with a complex roof.

Projects of houses with a gable roof (photos, videos, sketches, drawings, diagrams can be viewed in this section), collected here, can be filtered by additional parameters: you can select and buy houses of a given area and dimensions, houses with a garage for one or two cars, houses for narrow plots, with a different number of bedrooms.

Enjoy browsing the catalog (updated in 2018) and choose the turnkey home you like!