How to grow tomatoes the right way. How to grow tomatoes in open ground - timely watering

It is hard to believe that although tomatoes, they are tomatoes, have been known to Europeans since the middle of the 16th century, they began to be eaten only at the very end of the 18th century. Prior to this, tomato bushes were grown exclusively as ornamental plant, and their fruits were considered poisonous. As early as 1774, gardening manuals warned that tomatoes would drive those who eat them crazy. Perhaps they were not so far from the truth: a delicious, juicy tomato can really drive a true gourmet crazy!

, or - these are herbaceous or semi-shrub, annual or perennial plants belonging to the nightshade family. The tomato has a very developed root system, and its seeds remain viable for about nine years.

Growing seedlings of tomatoes

For sowing tomatoes, you need to use separate area: plastic containers, seedling cassettes, etc., which need to be disinfected before sowing. Before sowing seedlings, it is necessary to ensure good lighting, regular temperatures and air ventilation. Any seedling containers must have special drainage holes at the bottom, otherwise the plants will be susceptible to black leg disease.

For sowing tomato seedlings you can use any universal sowing substrate or compost from a mixture of sand and peat, taken in equal parts. It is not worth sowing tomato seeds too thickly, otherwise the seedlings will be thin and weak - they will stretch. If you are sowing seeds in a greenhouse, then sowing should be done in rows, this will allow you to use the lighting as much as possible.

Immediately before sowing, the substrate must be thoroughly moistened. The seeds themselves need to be warmed up - this will contribute to their disinfection, improve their sowing qualities and contribute to the appearance of faster, more friendly shoots. It is necessary to warm dry full-weight tomato seeds with variable temperatures: 48 hours - at a temperature of about +30 ° C, after that another 72 hours - at +50 ° C. Seeds can be sown dry or pre-soaked in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. We lower the seeds into a glass with a solution and stand there for about half an hour. After that, the seeds must be washed in running water for about 10 minutes. Immediately after sowing, the substrate must be covered with a film or a 5 mm layer of vermiculite, this will help maintain soil moisture.

Before the appearance of the first shoots of tomatoes, it is necessary to maintain a temperature not higher than +23 ° C. And immediately after their appearance, the film from the seedling containers must be removed. In order not to expose still very weak seedlings to excessive evaporation, it is better to remove the film in the afternoon. When watering seedlings, which must be done with a finely sprayed jet, it is impossible to fill it with water heavily. It is also necessary to observe the temperature regime for growing seedlings. So, as soon as the first shoots appear, the temperature should be reduced to + 8-10 at night and + 10-15 during the day - within 3 days, thus hardening the seedlings from the first days of its appearance. It is necessary to harden the seedlings until they are transplanted into a greenhouse, but not less than 15 days for the entire time of their growth.

planting tomatoes

For cultivation tomatoes it is better to choose the southern, southwestern or southeastern sections. Good yields are given by tomatoes planted near the southern wall of buildings or a fence. Tomatoes can be successfully grown in the same place even 2-3 years in a row, although then organic fertilizers must be applied for planting. The best predecessors for tomatoes are cucumbers, cabbage, zucchini and onions. It is not recommended to grow tomatoes after pepper, potatoes, eggplant and physalis. In those areas where these crops were cultivated, tomatoes can be planted no earlier than three years later. Otherwise, you will put the plants in danger of getting sick.

soil under planting a tomato in open ground it is necessary to prepare since autumn. So, if the acidity of the soil is increased, it is necessary to apply under autumn digging per 1 sq. m: 0.5-0.9 kg of lime, 5-7 kg of organic fertilizers (you can take compost, bird droppings, peat or manure) and 40-60 g of superphosphate. If you applied a sufficient amount of fertilizer - about 10 kg per sq. m, under the previous crop, then the area allotted for growing tomatoes only needs to be dug up.

Spring tillage for preparation for tomatoes should include application per 1 sq. m of soil 30-40 g of superphosphate, as well as 25-30 g of potash fertilizers. Immediately before planting, already under the last loosening of the soil, it is necessary to add 1 sq. m 15-20 g of potash and 30-40 g of nitrogen fertilizers.

Planting tomato seedlings in the ground

Getting a high yield largely depends on the timely and high-quality planting of hardened tomato seedlings in the ground.

It is necessary to plant tomatoes in the first decade of June, and only after the danger of frost has passed will warm weather be fully established. Both in ridges and on a flat surface, plants should be placed in rows, with a distance between them of 30-40 cm with a distance between rows of 30-50 cm.

Before planting on the site, it is necessary to make holes and thoroughly spill them with water - 0.9-1 l per hole. Try to purchase tomato seedlings a few hours before planting so that it does not wither - withered seedlings take root quite poorly and get sick, lagging behind in development. Those who grow seedlings on their own should not have such problems; they have the opportunity to plant seedlings in the garden immediately after they are taken out of the cups or selected from the greenhouse.

It is necessary to plant seedlings a little deeper than it grew in a greenhouse. Experienced gardeners are advised to cut off several lower leaves from the plant and, when planting, bury them as much as possible - you can bury the plant up to half of the stem, and you need to plant it slightly with a slope to the northwest. The roots of the seedlings must be carefully compressed with earth, without bending them at the same time, so that the ends of the roots are directed to the bottom of the hole. After the tomato seedlings are planted, the plants must be watered, and the hole itself must be sprinkled with dry earth on top.

Excellent results are obtained by growing under simple film shelters and on insulated soil - fallow ridges, this allows for higher yields of early tomatoes, and also accelerates the ripening of fruits.

To make steam ridges, it is necessary to dig a pit with a width of about 60 cm and a depth of about 20 cm. Inside the ridges, you need to load biofuel, in simple terms - heated manure (a layer of about 5 cm), and cover it with earth 15 centimeters from above . Seedlings on steam beds should be planted in the same way as on open ground, the only difference is that planting should be started 20 days earlier, somewhere in the middle of May.

Quite often, shelters made of transparent polyethylene film are also used, the use of which, especially when combined with fallow ridges, makes it possible to plant tomato seedlings as early as early May and, as a result, to harvest tomatoes as early as mid-July. Film-covered frames must be installed over the fallow beds immediately after, leaving them for the entire period of growing plants. Care for plants under the film is exactly the same as in open field and consists of timely loosening, top dressing and the formation of bushes.

Tomato care

Caring for tomatoes primarily consists in hilling, loosening the soil, fertilizing and watering the plant, as well as forming a bush and timely control of diseases and pests.

The soil in the aisles and rows with tomatoes needs to be loosened - approximately every 10-12 days, but at least several times during the summer. When loosening, try to prevent the formation of a crust. If you are cultivating tomatoes in heavy soils, deep loosening is necessary in the first 10-15 days after planting.

The first time to spud tomatoes is necessary 9-11 days after the seedlings were planted. Watering should be done immediately before hilling: hilling the tomatoes with moist soil will accelerate the formation of new roots on the stem of the plant. The second hilling must be done 16-20 days after the first.

It is timely necessary to water the tomatoes. So, at first they are watered into the wells, the water consumption is 0.7-0.9 liters of water per plant. best time for watering is the afternoon and cloudy weather. It is imperative to water the tomatoes during the flowering period of the 1st and 2nd brush, without fail before loosening the soil and after applying dry mineral fertilizers under them. During the summer, tomatoes need to be fed several times with mineral and organic fertilizers.

Plants are undemanding to air humidity, but if the humidity is excessively high, plants can get late blight and brown spot.

The first top dressing should be carried out 10-12 days after planting - with a mixture of mineral and organic fertilizers. So, for a 10-liter bucket of mullein solution (for one part of mullein or slurry, you need to take 8-9 parts of water), you need to add about 20 g of superphosphate. One bucket of this nutrient solution should be used for 10 plants. The second and third top dressing (with an interval of 2 weeks) should be done dry mineral fertilizers immediately after loosening or under hilling. On a plot of 1 sq. m area, you need to add about 20 g of superphosphate, 15 g of potassium salt and 10 g of ammonium nitrate.

In the North-Western regions, in the process of caring for tomatoes, great attention must be paid to the formation of a plant bush - its timely stepsoning, as well as pinching the top of the stem. The practice of many gardeners has shown that excellent harvest mature tomatoes in the open field can be obtained by forming a plant bush into one stem, leaving 2-3 brushes.

Tomato plants need to be tied to stakes or a special rope stretched along the rows. Stakes should be placed on the north side with a distance of 9-11 cm from the stem. Plants must be attached to the stakes in three stages: the first time - immediately after planting the seedlings (not far from the first leaf), the second and third - as the plant grows - we raise the cord to the level of the 2nd and 3rd brush. If trellises are used to grow the plant, stakes must be driven in every four meters, between which a thread must be pulled.

Pests and diseases of tomatoes

The most common diseases of tomatoes: late blight, macrosporiosis, streak, septoria, late blight, stolbur and top rot.

Pests: wireworms, whitefly, mole crickets, gall nematode, scoops.

The lack of most nutrients in tomato plants can be defined as follows:

• with a lack of nitrogen, the color of the stem, leaves, and also the fruits of tomatoes themselves change. The leaves become smaller, yellowish in color, the veins below the leaf become red-bluish, the fruits become harder and smaller;
• if the tomatoes lack phosphorus, the leaves of the plant are wrapped inside;
• with a lack of potassium, the sheets become curly;
• a lack of calcium leads to the fact that young leaves are completely covered with yellow spots, and the old ones become larger and change color to dark green. Often in such cases, tomato plants undergo blossom end rot, most often this occurs when the humidity of the air is increased;
• with sulfur starvation, the leaves first become pale green in color, after which they intensively turn yellow, and sometimes turn red. Sulfur starvation appears first on young leaves, while the stems of plants become extremely brittle and fragile;
• lack of boron leads to blackening of the growing point of the stem, and the fruits are affected brown spots;
• if tomato plants lack molybdenum, the tomato leaves turn yellow, gradually twisting upwards, and the entire plate of leaves is completely affected by chlorosis;
• in case of iron deficiency, tomatoes completely stop growing. Their young leaves are affected by chlorosis. In the most severe cases, the leaves of the plants turn completely white.

harvesting tomatoes

Three weeks before the final harvest, both the buds and flowering shoots of the plant must be removed, this will contribute to the early ripening of the bulk of the fruit. Harvesting of tomatoes must be done selectively, and first of all, ugly fruits must be removed. To keep the tomatoes for a longer time, they need to be harvested not red, but brown, and only then they are put to ripen. Tomatoes must be removed from the bushes until the nighttime air temperature drops below 8 ° C. This is due to the fact that at low temperatures the risk of diseases of tomatoes increases significantly.

Varieties and hybrids of tomatoes

According to the structure of the bushes, tomatoes are divided into non-standard, standard and potato-shaped. Non-standard tomatoes are distinguished by thinner stems that lie down during the fruiting period, as well as large, slightly corrugated leaves. Standard tomatoes are distinguished by compact bushes and, conversely, have a fairly thick stem, heavily corrugated leaves, medium in size, with short petioles. Potato-like, otherwise large-leaved tomatoes are quite rare, and they are called so because they have leaves that resemble potato ones in shape.

Today, there are more than 70 varieties and hybrids of tomatoes, and this is only for cultivation in open ground, as well as over 40 varieties for greenhouses. The most common of them are listed below.

Early ripe varieties

White filling- one of the most productive varieties. The bushes of the variety are relatively small and do not need pinching. The fruits are round or round-flat, fleshy, smooth, slightly ribbed at the stalk, weighing up to 130 g. Mature fruits are bright red in color, and milky white in the unripe state.

Ground Gribovsky A variety that is resistant to both diseases and low temperatures, drought-resistant, but at high humidity it is very susceptible to late blight. It gives high yields not only when grown through seedlings, but also by sowing seeds directly into the ground. The fruits of the variety are round or round-flat in shape, smooth, medium in size, and weighing up to 100 g.

sparkle- low, medium-branched tomatoes. The fruits are elongated-oval, their weight reaches 110 g, and the growing season is up to 115 days. The variety is one of the most high-yielding, with tender fruits.

Mid-season and mid-late varieties

These varieties are most suitable for outdoor cultivation, the fruits ripen in 100-130 days.

New in Transnistria- medium-late and extremely productive variety. The bushes have an average height and medium-sized fruits weighing up to 60 g. The fruits themselves are orange-red or bright red, elongated-oval in shape, smooth, have a thick and rather dense shell. Resistant to blossom end rot.

Torch- the variety is very high-yielding, characterized by friendly ripening of fruits. Bushes are compact, medium-sized. The fruits are very easy to separate from the stalk, round and smooth, red in color, weighing up to 100 g.

Late-ripening varieties

Late-ripening tomato varieties are best grown in the southern regions of the country, since their growing season reaches 150 days. Late-ripening varieties are significantly superior in yield to early and mid-season ones.

Ermak- a variety of low-growing tomatoes with round-oval and red-colored fruits, weighing up to 140 g and have a rough skin. Crack resistant, stable high yields and friendly maturation. The fruits of the variety are stored on plants for a long time.

tortilla- indeterminal (tall), non-standard hybrid. It is best grown in a greenhouse, fruiting all season. It has flat-round fruits weighing up to 100 g. The fruits of the variety are extremely resistant to viruses, root rot and brown spot.

Tomatoes are grown by many gardeners. The vegetable has earned popularity due to the variety of varieties and juicy fragrant fruits. Unfortunately, not everyone knows the secrets of growing tomatoes. Although growing a vegetable at home is not difficult.

You need to grow tomatoes, given their love of warmth and sunlight. It is better to plant them in the part of the site that meets these requirements. Agrotechnics for growing tomatoes completely eliminates the possibility of excessive watering. These vegetables are very disliked high humidity.

This phenomenon can contribute to the appearance of diseases of a fungal nature and slow down the pollination of flowers. At the same time, tomatoes can be grown only by providing the roots of the plant with the proper amount of moisture. Otherwise, flowers and ovaries may fall off.

The most suitable soil for growing crops at home is warm and saturated with nutrients and trace elements. The best soils for tomatoes, in particular - sandy and loamy.

Types of tomatoes

Tomatoes are divided into three large groups:

• Indeterminate, which are characterized by incessant growth;
• Determinant - have limited growth;
• Superdeterminant - a kind of determinant.

Indeterminate (liana) varieties ripen for a long time and unevenly. Inflorescences, and subsequently, ovaries, appear after a couple of sheets. The bushes of these vegetables are formed into one stem and tied up. The cultivation of tomatoes of such varieties can also be carried out in protected ground conditions with a long process.

Determinate vegetables are characterized by the formation of a color or ovary through every first or second leaf. The main stem stepsons after 5-6 brushes. The bush is formed into a couple of stems and also needs to be tied up.

The formation of brushes in a bush type culture occurs through the leaf and looks like a small branching, which can be formed into four stems and supported by a support.

Superindeterminants sing quite quickly and, most importantly, at the same time. Literally in three weeks, 90% of the crop ripens. Growing tomatoes of this variety is ideal for areas with short and cool summers.

Video “Growing a tomato, pinching, feeding and collecting”

The video talks in detail about how to properly grow tall tomatoes in the open field.

Secrets of a Big Harvest

To get home good harvest crops, it is necessary to take the problem of choosing the soil very responsibly. It is necessary to take into account the acidity of the soil, because vegetables grow only in a slightly acidic or neutral environment. Also, rich in minerals, and most importantly, loosened earth is ideal for culture.

If the land on the site is characterized by high acidity, then by adding lime it must be lowered

Agrotechnics for growing tomatoes provides for the preparation of beds for planting vegetables. It is worth carrying out this procedure in the fall, by digging and applying top dressings (phosphate and potash or compost).

It is desirable to add river sand, manure and peat to the clay type soil. These substances will increase its fertility. You can also add straw and freshly cut grass.

It is better to create good beds at home in the spring. Such parameters as length and width do not really matter, but the distance between adjacent beds should be at least half a meter. Otherwise, the plants will "pull" moisture and nutrients onto themselves. The holes are made 15-20 cm deep, a spoonful of superphosphate and ash are added to each, and then they are well saturated with moisture.

seedling care

To grow tomatoes at home, you must first plant seedlings. It is better to start preparing young sprouts a month and a half before planting. The first step is to prepare the soil for sowing seeds.

Ready soil for seedlings can be bought at any specialized store. But, most often, incomprehensible mixtures of acidic peat are presented on the shelves. Such "soil" is contraindicated for tomatoes.

The recipe for growing seedlings at home is simple: two units of garden soil, one unit of compost, one unit of peat or purchased soil, one unit of sand. Ash and complex fertilizer must be added to peat to reduce its acidity.

In addition, it is mandatory to prepare seeds for growing future seedlings. One of the secrets successful sowing is planting wet seeds. Growing seedlings from them is fast and convenient. Also, this procedure will significantly increase the number of seedlings.

Seed hardening will increase the yield by 0.1 times.

For 24 hours, the seeds are soaked in water, and then for 2.5 days they are placed in a refrigerator at a temperature of 3 ° -5 °. After that, the seeds must be indoors for 24 hours. room temperature. After staying in the refrigerator, it is useful to place the seed in a solution with nutrients. After all, such a procedure can increase yield by 35%. This is due to the fact that such a kind of top dressing changes the structure of the seeds, as a result of which the fruits become larger.

After all these manipulations at home, the seeds can be sown. The technology of growing tomatoes involves placing seeds in moist soil to a depth of 2 cm.

It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for the growth of plants, which is not so easy to do at home. By providing the sprouts with enough light, acceptable air and soil humidity, proper space and systematic top dressing, you can grow high-quality and healthy seedlings.

When two leaves appear, the vegetables should be dived, moistened with plenty of water and moved to separate containers with an earthy clod.

10 days before planting in the ground, the sprouts should be hardened, taking them out into the fresh air for several hours.

Start growing tomatoes in open ground only when it warms up to 14 °. Plants with full roots do not need to be buried when planting. After the procedure, you need to water the earth in sufficient quantities.

Ripening and harvesting

The terms of ripening of fruits of culture are directly dependent on the variety and area of ​​cultivation. Early varieties growing in temperate climates give the first harvest in the first decade of July.

Varieties, medium in maturity, give the first harvest in early August. Vegetables that ripen for a long time do not have time to ripen in the open field at all. In August, green fruits are harvested, which can ripen at home.

In order to prevent late blight, you need to harvest on time. If large temperature fluctuations are expected and high humidity air, it is better to collect all the fruits from the site.

Features of growing in open ground

Many, especially beginner gardeners, are concerned about the question: “How to grow tomatoes in the open field?”. Growing vegetables is easy, the main thing is to follow all the recommendations.

Properly grow tomatoes - place individuals at a sufficient distance from each other. Early ripening low vegetables should be planted in beds with a distance of 60 cm between them. The bushes themselves are grown 20-30 cm apart. High varieties of tomatoes are placed according to the following schemes: 70cm x 30cm or 70cm x50cm. It is worth planting plants on a day when there is no sun or in the evening.

The wells are moistened both before and after disembarkation. Do not cover the stem abundantly with earth to avoid the formation a large number roots. Indeed, in this case, the flowering of culture is delayed. With tying bushes, do not hesitate. It's best to do this as soon as possible. The soil around each individual must be mulched.

Seedlings need to be protected from the sun. For this purpose, you can use paper or tree branches.

Growing vegetables at home in open ground provides for compliance with the irrigation scheme. Vegetables should be moistened weekly, carefully loosening the gaps in the rows. 1.5 weeks after planting, the plants are fed with mullein diluted in a bucket of water. The following fertilizers are carried out based on observations of the culture.

Getting new seeds

At home, you can prepare the seed yourself. To do this, use ripe tomatoes, but not overripe.

To prepare the fruits for receiving seeds from them at home, the vegetables need to be in a warm environment for a week. After that, the vegetables are cut and squeezed out of them juice with seeds into a glass container, for example, a jar.

The bank needs to be kept in the shade for a couple of days. The microflora will leave the seeds, and it will be easy to separate them from the shell. It is impossible to dilute the juice with water in order to avoid the germination of the seed.

When the juice becomes light, and the inoculum floats up with pulp, the jar needs to be shaken well, before it is buried. All seeds will then settle to the bottom of the container. The liquid is drained, the contents of the jar are shaken again and water is poured out of it. This procedure can be carried out at home several times. After all the manipulations, you will receive an intact and clean material for sowing.

Seeds with dark dots must be eliminated, as they can be carriers of viruses and fungi. The dried material is packaged in paper bags, marking their belonging to a particular variety.

So, everyone can grow tomatoes at home. A vegetable, although considered whimsical, with proper care gives a rich harvest, and its fruits are widely applicable in various industries.

Video “10 mistakes when growing tomatoes”

Informative video about the 10 most common mistakes in growing tomatoes, avoiding which you can avoid them and grow a great crop of delicious tomatoes.

Some biological features of growing tomatoes

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The beds are arranged so that adult bushes do not interfere with each other. Too close planting will negatively affect the growth of bushes and the ripening of fruits. Compact varieties are planted with an interval of 35-45 cm, large - 55-65 cm, the distance between rows is 60-70 cm and 90-100 cm, respectively.

This will be enough for growing tomatoes in a mobile film greenhouse.

Considered earlier, they are harvested in a short time.

Further care for cherry tomatoes during the period of growth and fruiting is watering, loosening, feeding, as well as disease prevention. How to feed tomatoes read here.

After a couple of days, you can plant seeds. The time of their germination depends on the variety of tomatoes, the quality of the seeds and their storage time. In some tomatoes, the seeds germinate in a week, in others - after 3 weeks. Therefore, each variety of cherry tomatoes is sown in a separate planting box.​

This variety of small tomatoes is loved by many gardeners and not without reason, as they have a great taste, friendly fruit ripening, always a plentiful harvest, versatility in use, fairly long shelf life, the ability to grow on a loggia or on a windowsill.

Type of tomatoes and features of their cultivation

- boxes or flower pots.

Once a week, pinching is carried out, removing side shoots when they reach 4 cm in length. Only a few do not stepchild early maturing varieties with limited growth. To obtain larger fruits in racemes with many inflorescences, technology is used when some of the flowers are plucked out. In early August, pinching of growth points is used, since the fruits no longer have time to grow and ripen. ​

Planting tomatoes should not be done near potatoes.

The plant does not tolerate high humidity, but is demanding on watering, which is necessary for the growth of fruits. With a lack of light, the development of tomatoes is delayed, the leaves turn pale, the stems are strongly drawn out. Additional illumination of plants during the seedling period has a beneficial effect on the quality of seedlings and its productivity.

Tomato, or tomato, is a perennial plant belonging to the nightshade family, but is cultivated everywhere as an annual vegetable crop. The homeland of the tomato is South America, where its semi-cultivated and wild plantings are still common. Came to Russia from Western Europe and at first it was cultivated as an ornamental crop, but, thanks to the Russian agronomist A.T. Bolotov (1738-1833), it was recognized as a vegetable food crop. Nowadays, growing a good crop of tomatoes is one of the favorite activities of millions of vegetable growers, amateurs and professionals.​

Growing and caring for tomato seedlings

As for open ground, holes for planting tomatoes are dug in advance and filled with plenty of water. For example, if you formed holes today, then you need to plant tomatoes tomorrow morning or evening. True, in the greenhouse this event can be scheduled for the day, the active sun will not be able to damage the tender seedlings through the shelter.

If the greenhouse is stationary, then the soil is treated more carefully

Indeterminate varieties

In order to know how to grow cherry tomatoes tasty and healthy, you need to take into account some features for caring for them.

In order for the seeds to germinate, a sufficiently high temperature is needed - about 30. Given this, landing tanks are located close to heating appliances, the top is covered with glass or a transparent film to preserve moisture.

They differ in precocity, height, color and shape of the fruit, palatability.​

Cherry tomatoes are different varieties, some of them grow more than 1 meter in height, others are undersized. If you want to grow tomatoes at home, choose undersized varieties up to 40 cm

Pinching growth points prevents the formation of new flower brushes, and all the nutrients go to the ripening of existing fruits

Growing tomatoes in open ground

The seedless method consists in planting seeds in open ground at a permanent place for growing tomatoes. The seedless method is practiced only in the southern regions and is carried out two weeks before the end of the last frost. Usually, an ordinary sowing method is used with row spacing of 65-70 cm. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-5 cm. The plant density in a row is formed by thinning out sprouted seedlings, removing less viable shoots from a row. The first is carried out when two true leaves are formed in the seedlings, leaving 20-25 cm between plants in a row. The second - in the phase of plants having 5-6 leaves, leaving 40-50 cm between plants, focusing on the size of the bush. In the climatic conditions of the south, summer and even summer-autumn re-cultivation is possible, applied after harvesting the early vegetable crops and greenery.

Proper care of the soil, maintaining it in a loose state, making required amount organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to the fact that tomatoes for cultivation can be planted on almost any soil. The only exceptions are very acidic soils and solonchaks.​

Growing tomatoes can be done both in a greenhouse and on open ground, and at home.

The seedlings are carefully removed from the container or planted directly in peat pots, the soil around is slightly compacted and mulched with peat. You can immediately put supports for garter tomatoes. A few days after planting, the tomatoes are not watered. They may become lethargic, but on the second day they should begin to move away. Watering is carried out when the seedlings come to their senses, it is because of this pause before planting that the holes are abundantly filled with water so that the soil is moist and in deep layers.

. It is extremely important not only to fertilize it, but also to disinfect it, since most often greenhouse crops, including tomatoes, die from various diseases- fungi, viruses, bacteria, which in a warm and humid environment multiply at lightning speed. Do not reuse greenhouse soil if you are in doubt about the quality of the soil, and you should not use it for greenhouse cultivation. With long-term cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse every year upper layer soil is replaced, for this, 10-15 cm of soil is removed, it is thrown out, since it is there that the concentration of pest diseases is highest. You can send this soil for processing, mix it with bleach and leave it for a year or two. Also, do not forget that after tomatoes the land cannot be used to grow other crops.

They do not stop growing, they grow and bloom all the time, respectively, and they generally give more crops, but the fruits ripen later and not evenly.

They need daily but moderate watering. With a lack of moisture, brown cracks appear on the tomatoes, with an excess of it, the fruits crack and become watery.

When shoots appear, seedlings are placed in the most illuminated place. Care during this period comes down to watering and loosening the soil, as well as top dressing, which is carried out every 10 days.

Breeders have bred varieties of cherry tomatoes for growing in our climate.

​Sow the seeds in boxes or flower pots (if you will be growing them at home). Water plantings well warm water and cover with cling film. Tomatoes sprout quickly, so you will see the first sprouts in 3-5 days.

​.​​How to grow tomatoes correctly? Tomato plantings are placed away from potato plantings, after vegetable crops that do not belong to the nightshade family. In areas where such predecessors were grown, planting and growing tomatoes is allowed no earlier than after 3-5 years. Violation of this rule inevitably leads to plant disease with common diseases, such as late blight. Tomato seedlings can only be grown indoors, in warm greenhouses and by planting seeds in the ground under film shelters. Growing tomatoes begins with the fact that in order to obtain seedlings of early tomatoes, seeds are sown in the first half of March. Growing seedlings takes 65-70 days. Sow in filled soil mixture seedling boxes, peat pots, paper bags or plastic wrap. Liter bags of milk or kefir are suitable for this, if you plant two plants in each.

Harvesting and methods of fruit ripening

Ripe tomato fruits are rich in sugars, contain vitamins of group B, C, vitamin K, carotene and pectin substances, nicotinic and folic acids. They also contain proteins, starches, fiber and many other useful for human body trace elements. fresh tomatoes and tomato juice are useful for gastritis with low acidity, diseases of the cardiovascular system, anemia, memory loss and general loss of strength. In addition, there is an opinion that if you eat a lot of tomatoes, then this contributes to the prevention of cancer.

Top dressing is necessary for all greenhouse crops, and especially for tomatoes. Tomatoes in the greenhouse are fed 4-5 times, this is the only way to get a good harvest.

Any soil must be treated with fungicides - antifungal drugs, and it is desirable to act on it high temperature- ignite in the oven or pour boiling water - this is how they prepare the ground for seedlings. course for large greenhouse it is quite difficult to prepare the soil in this way, so vegetable growers use chemical or bio means. For example, the earth can be disinfected by spilling it with Bordeaux liquid, potassium permanganate or a solution of copper sulfate.

Technology and method of obtaining seeds

Both are suitable for growing in greenhouses.

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You definitely need a garter of plants and mulching the soil to protect the fruits from pollution and the earth from overheating. Tomatoes are harvested only when they are fully ripe, otherwise the fruits are completely tasteless.

You will need

1. It is also necessary to arrange seedling illumination so that the daylight hours for seedlings are at least 14 hours. Otherwise, it will be impossible to get strong, stocky seedlings.
2. The most popular: in the open field - Red Cherry, Beads, Honey Drop, on the balcony - Minibel, Cherry Lisa F1, Pygmy, Zelenushka F1, in hanging baskets - Cherripalchiki, Garden Pearl, Cascade Red (F1).​
3. Seedlings need to be thinned out as soon as they grow a little. It is not recommended to do this when the seedlings are still very small, since it is necessary to select and leave only the strongest. If you planted seeds at a great distance from each other, you do not need to thin them out. When growing in pots, you need to leave only one plant at a time, otherwise they will interfere with each other to grow normally.

Instruction

• Autumn care for the planting site includes digging 30-35 cm deep and applying organic or mineral fertilizers. On the fertile soils apply only the application of mineral fertilizers: 10 g of nitrogen, 10-15 g of phosphorus and 5-12 g of potash fertilizers per square meter. A full dose of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is applied when digging in the fall, and a full dose of nitrogen fertilizers is applied before planting in the spring. On infertile soils, organic matter is applied in autumn at the rate of 6-7 kg / sq.m.
• Tomatoes require a certain ambient temperature for growing, so they are recommended to be grown in greenhouses and greenhouses.
• The first time tomatoes are fertilized two weeks after planting
• For large and stationary greenhouses, you can also use gas method disinfection. For this, special sulfur bombs are needed, they are set on fire and in the process of combustion gases begin to be produced that penetrate into the soil and into all nooks and crannies of the greenhouse. The gas, reacting with moisture, forms sulfur and sulfuric acid, which destroy fungal, viral, bacterial infections, snails, slugs, ticks and other pests.
• Also, when choosing a variety, one should pay attention to its other characteristics, such as disease resistance, yield, how well the fruits are stored, whether they tend to crack.

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For tomatoes grown indoors (on the balcony in containers and in hanging baskets), the soil is fertile, loose, moisture and breathable. Once a week, to increase the yield, the bushes need to be fed with Fertility humate.

Pick

The most reliable way to grow cherry tomatoes is the seedling method. The term of sowing seeds is calculated based on the time of planting plants in a permanent place. Under the film in the greenhouse, seedlings are planted at the age of about 2 months, in open ground a month later.

Varieties

Do not forget to periodically loosen and water the plants, and during the flowering period, pollinate the cherry tomatoes with the "ovary". It is also necessary to fertilize tomatoes. To do this, purchase any complex fertilizer, but before using it, read the instructions on the package. It is not necessary to fertilize often, it is enough to do this only once every 2-3 weeks.

Tomatoes are harvested every 4-5 days, and more often at the peak of fruiting. For current consumption, fully ripe fruits are harvested, but to increase the yield, a method is used in which a lot of brown or milky fruits are harvested. The technology of post-harvest ripening is applied to the fruits harvested in this way. The ripening method is also applied to the fruits of the last harvest, when all the fruits are harvested, regardless of their degree of maturity (since they will no longer be grown).

When using a seedless planting method, we must not forget that paramount importance acquires weed control. Immediately after germination, tomato plants do not grow at all quickly and can be drowned out by fast-growing weeds.

How to grow cherry tomatoes. Tomato cultivation technology

To obtain mid-season and late varieties of tomato, seeds for seedlings are sown in the period from April 1 to April 10. Seedlings are grown for 60 days in special nurseries, greenhouses or small-sized film shelters. In this case, they are planted, as a rule, directly in the ground under shelters. In this case, the feeding area should be at least 6x6 cm.

Growing tomatoes are an extremely successful plant. They are extremely responsive to various agronomic practices and special care conditions. Amateur vegetable growers grow tomatoes by sowing seeds in open ground, under temporary film shelters, planted in greenhouses and greenhouses, on balconies and loggias, and even grown in rooms on windowsills.

. At this time, nitrogen-containing substances such as diluted manure are introduced, or urea can be used. The manure is dissolved in water and the beds are shed in half a bucket under a bush, urea is added at the rate of 1 tablespoon per 10 liters, two liters of solution are poured under a bush.

Beyond the soil

Planting seedlings in a greenhouse begins much earlier than planting tomatoes in open ground. But how much earlier - it's up to you, and each case must be considered individually. Great importance has what region you are in, what the weather is like and, of course, what kind of greenhouse you have. If this is a serious building with the ability to keep warm inside - this is one thing, but if you call it a greenhouse covered with foil garden beds are something completely different. In the first case, seedlings can be planted almost all year round, technically this is possible all 12 months, but in deep winter the seedlings grow very poorly and slowly, so it is reasonable to wait for February or March. Seedlings begin to be planted in a film greenhouse in April or even early May. Before planting

Cherry tomatoes are very healthy. The fruits of this amazing vegetable contain various minerals that have a positive effect on metabolism and the lymphatic system. They are rich in antioxidants, organic acids and vitamins. Eating cherry tomatoes will help improve well-being and prolong youth.

When a plant has 4-6 full-weight leaves, a pick is made. At an earlier stage of plant development, this should not be done because of the danger of seedling disease.

seedling care

If you are growing tall tomatoes, be sure to put the pegs, otherwise the stems will break under the weight of the fruit. Low-growing varieties, especially those that grow at home, do not need to be tied up.

When ripening or laying fruits for storage, you should be aware that mature fruits emit ethylene, a gas that accelerates the ripening of neighboring fruits. This factor must be taken into account when ripening fruits or when laying them for storage. In addition, fruits of different degrees of maturity are stored at different temperatures. Mature - at 1-2 degrees, brown - 5-6 degrees, milky and green - 10-12 degrees.

When growing tomatoes with seedlings, an ordinary, with a row spacing of 70 cm, is used, the method of planting it in open ground or the tape method. With the tape method, the aisles alternate at 50 and 90 cm. Such methods provide planting from 3-4 to 6 plants per sq.m. For giant varieties, the plant nutrition area, respectively, is increased by 3-5 times.

If the method of growing seedlings in pots is used, then the seeds are sown directly in pots. However, more often, especially when growing early tomatoes, the seeds are first sown in sowing boxes, and only two weeks after germination, seedlings in phase 1-2 of true leaves are transplanted (dive) to a permanent place.

The plant has a highly developed root system. With a sufficient presence of moisture and nutrients in the soil, additional roots form on any part of the plant stem. Thanks to this ability, a tomato can reproduce not only by seeds, but also by the so-called lateral shoots (stepsons) and cuttings.

Landing in the ground

The second time the tomatoes are fertilized 7-10 days after the first feeding. You can repeat the procedure or choose something else, for example, a solution chicken manure. In its pure form, it is not used, as it is very caustic.

They also process the greenhouse itself

​check the night temperature in the greenhouse, it should not fall below 15-17 degrees

6 Harvest

After picking, it is useful to water the plant with sodium humate - 1 gram of the drug is used for two liters of water. Care for seeded seedlings is the same as for seedlings.

Soil for seedlings

Cherry can not stepchild. But if the plant becomes too branchy, cut off unnecessary branches. Stepchildren grow between a real leaf and a stem. Do not cut the main leaves, the tomato will bear fruit poorly or even start to hurt.

To use the listed methods of growing tomatoes, it is better to take seeds of your own production. To do this, we select the most early-ripening and productive healthy plants, which we note by observing their growth and development. From the first and second brushes of mother plants, we select fully ripened fruits. The fruits are taken immediately after their redness, preventing their overripe. The selected fruits are washed, dried and cut across. From the cut halves, select the seeds with a spoon, placing them in a glass or enamelware. We are waiting for the seeds to ferment in their own juice. A sign of seed readiness is the formation of a film and clarification of the juice. Then they need to be rinsed with clean running water, carefully dried, scattering on paper. Ready seeds are stored in paper bags at room temperature.​

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How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse - Onwomen.ru

• Before sowing, we prepare seeds by sorting and selecting the largest of them. Tomato seeds are tested for germination by placing them in a 5% solution of sodium chloride or ammonium nitrate. After 7-10 minutes, heavier seeds will sink to the bottom, and those that remain afloat are rejected. Next, the selected seeds are disinfected. To do this, they are immersed in water heated to 50 degrees for 5 minutes, and then cooled in cold water. In conclusion, soak the seeds in clean water at room temperature. Soaking takes place in a gauze bag filled with seeds by half the volume. Tomato seeds are soaked for 1-2 days, while the water changes 2 times.

Under favorable conditions, the seeds germinate in 4-5 days. The first true leaf is formed approximately on the tenth day after germination, the next 3-4 leaves a week after the first, and then each new leaf after 4-5 days. Starting from this moment, lateral shoots (stepchildren) begin to form in the axils of the leaves. The period from the first shoots to flowering of plants takes about 60-70 days, from flowering to fruit ripening 50-70 days.​

What varieties of tomatoes are suitable for a greenhouse

The third top dressing falls on the beginning of the flowering of tomatoes. At this point, the plants no longer need nitrogen, but potassium in order to set fruits, and it is contained in wood ash. A glass of ash per 1 m2 is enough. After fertilizing, the tomatoes must be watered.​​. If the gas method is not suitable, then bleach can be used. 400-500 grams of bleach is dissolved in a bucket of water, infused for several hours, the contents are stratified and the liquid is drained. It is filtered and used for spraying, whitewashing all structures in the greenhouse, as well as walls, roofs, the soil should be warm. The ideal temperature for a tomato is 22-26 degrees, under such planting conditions there should be most A plentiful harvest is expected from tomatoes - the norm from one bush is at least 3 kilograms, under favorable conditions, 10 or more can be removed. Productivity depends primarily on the variety, and then on the method of cultivation and care. But even the most prolific variety can be spoiled, yet compliance with agrotechnical rules plays a very important role. Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse has its own subtleties, for greenhouse tomatoes requires a completely different care than for soil. If you want to try this method of growing tomatoes, or you already have experience, but you are looking for useful recommendations, then this article is for you. It is known that ovaries on tomatoes begin to form at temperatures not lower than 16, so grow tomatoes in regions with low temperatures better in greenhouses.

Cherry tomatoes grow well in neutral or slightly acidic soils. They love nutritious soils rich in minerals with good drainage properties.

A few months after planting, the plants will begin to fruit. Cherries ripen very quickly, and one bush bears fruit for about 6 months. Harvest fruits as they ripen. If you properly care for the plant, it will delight you with a bountiful harvest.

Planting time for tomato seedlings in the greenhouse

Cherry tomatoes can be grown indoors or outdoors. The principle of planting and caring for all varieties of tomatoes is approximately the same, but there are some subtleties. Cherries give a good harvest of small fruits, they are distinguished by "friendliness" of ripening, which is precisely why gardeners like this variety so much. This variety of tomatoes is usually pickled, salted or used fresh. Before planting in the holes under the seedlings, add water, at least a liter. It is good to pour a handful of wood ash into the hole. Plants are planted vertically, slightly deeper than they grew in the nursery. At potted seedlings, pots are sprinkled with a layer of earth 2-3 cm, in order to prevent them from drying out. Elongated or overgrown seedlings are planted obliquely, leaving only fruit brushes with 2-3 sheets under them not covered. Leaves from the fall asleep parts of the stems in without fail are removed. On the sprinkled parts of the plant stem, additional roots are subsequently formed. As the plants grow, they are tied to stakes. Seeds are sown to a depth of 1-2 cm. After planting the seeds with soil through a strainer, they are watered with warm water and, having closed the boxes with foil, put them in a dark place. The temperature is maintained at 24-25 degrees, with strict observance of the temperature regime, shoots appear quite quickly. After their appearance, the film is removed, and the temperature, in order to avoid stretching the seedlings, is reduced to 15 degrees within a week. Then it is again raised to 24-25 degrees.

Preparing the soil

The soil for tomatoes should always be kept loose.

Read more How to grow tomato seedlings It is imperative to prepare the soil for tomatoes, and no matter what greenhouse you will grow them in. The land begins to be prepared in the fall, organic fertilizers are applied to it, for example, compost and mullein, so that by spring they will rot and saturate the soil with nutrients, in particular nitrogen, necessary for active growth. The earth is deeply dug up, loosened, weeds, roots are removed and fertilizers are applied, two buckets per 1 m2. From above, the soil can be mulched with peat or sawdust, this will partially prevent the emergence of weeds in the spring. It is good to add wood ash to the soil in the fall. It is crushed into dust and mixed with soil, 1-1.5 cups of ash is required per 1 m2. Tomatoes are divided into determinant and indeterminate varieties. The first ones are compact, form up to 5-6 inflorescences, and after that the central stem stops growing, the last flower brush forms on it.

In order not to disturb the root system, seedlings are planted in a permanent place with a clod of earth, carefully removing the plant from the planting container.

Soil soil can be purchased at the store or prepared in advance, since autumn, on your own. Before planting, the earth must be spilled with a solution of manganese heated to 70 to disinfect it.

Well? Maybe it's time for us to take a chance and aim at growing tomatoes in our home garden.

Of course, we will not be able to grow so many vegetables at home to collect them in buckets, but you will definitely get a dozen or two red tight fruits in the dead of winter.

In addition, they will become a real decoration of your apartment, and you can enjoy sweet tomatoes and admire a cheerful little garden with bright fruits, thereby satisfying your gardening passions.

Want to? So, let's start growing a tomato on the windowsill at home and create a unique, beautiful, vitamin-rich home garden.

• Tomatoes on the windowsill have long ceased to be exotic. Growing and caring for them is quite easy, you just need to know the simple conditions of such original agricultural technology.

Experienced gardeners will be happy to share with you the secrets of growing indoor tomatoes. Creating a home garden will bring you real pleasure!

This is a very pleasant and exciting activity, and in the arrangement home garden and your children will be happy to help in caring for him.

How to grow tomatoes on the windowsill? How to create the most favorable conditions to ripen the tomato crop on the windowsill?

This is what further discussion will go on.

Choosing the right variety

For a mini-garden on the windowsill, of course, you need varieties of dwarf, undersized tomatoes. Their fruits are small in weight, and the plants themselves readily settle in small pots.

There are a lot of varieties of tomatoes of this kind.

• Experienced gardeners know what is being selected suitable grade tomato-babies not immediately, it is possible to choose the best one only by trying and making mistakes. After all, each apartment has its own atmosphere, different climatic conditions.

Tomatoes in different dwellings will behave individually, this gives a certain shade of surprise to the upcoming chores.

So, we choose:

♦ For a small window sill. For a window sill of a small, standard size, tiny tomatoes of dwarf varieties will be ideal:

• Minibel. The height of the bush is about 30 cm. Tomatoes weighing 20-40 g are collected in compact clusters of 8-10 pieces.
• Florida Petit. Plant height up to 30 cm, bright red fruitlets weighing 30-40 g are very sweet. In one brush of tomatoes, up to 15-20 pieces are collected.
• Balcony miracle. One of the most popular ultra-early domestic varieties. Pink tomatoes weighing 20-30 g will delight you with a bountiful harvest after 80 days.
• Balcony red. Bright red small tomatoes will be ready for the table 90-95 days after planting. The fruits are very sweet and fragrant.
• Bonsai. Each bush about 30 cm high will bring you 500-600 g of bright, tasty little tomatoes.
• Bonsai micro. Most small variety tomato on the windowsill. Bushes grow up to only 15 cm. They can be grown in a hanging basket, admire beautiful view and feast on fragrant tiny fruits.
• Pinocchio. If you plant small cherry tomatoes in September, by New Year holidays a harvest of fragrant fruits will be ready. This variety is considered one of the best for creating a garden at home.

♦ For insulated window sills. If your window sill is wider, has a good area for placing drawers or flowerpots, a garden on the windowsill can be created from tomato varieties with more large fruits and tall stem.

• Balcony Elou. The first harvest of round tomatoes yellow color the variety will please you after 100-110 days. The taste of the tomato is sweet with a slight sourness, the bush grows up to 45-50 cm.
• The pearl is red and yellow. The culture grows up to half a meter and has excellent decorative qualities. The Red Pearl fruits are sweeter in taste. Their weight reaches 50 g.
• Hermitage Museum. This productive variety is recommended to be grown in the northwestern regions. The fruits are quite large, their weight can reach 100 g.
• Native. An early look of tomatoes. Fruits of crimson color, large (up to 180 g). This variety is especially resistant to cold conditions.
• Igranda. Early variety, high-yielding and resistant to sudden changes in temperature conditions. The fruits are fleshy, round and bright red. Their weight can reach 150 g.
• Russian Troika. Tomato bushes are small, they grow up to 60 cm. But the fruits are very large and fragrant, their weight sometimes reaches 300 g!

At first, you can try to plant several varieties of tomatoes at once on the windowsill and observe how the tomatoes will behave in order to stop at the ideal views for your apartment.

Arranging a garden on the windowsill

♦ What better fit windowsill? Tomatoes love light (if not enough, flower buds will fall), so the best home for them will be the most illuminated window sills (best on the south side).

Growing on the windowsill should be carried out with additional organization artificial lighting your garden (use fluorescent lamps, energy-saving).

It will be great if you use sources of short-wave radiation of red-blue light (phytolamps).

• Additional lighting must be placed at least 25-30 cm from the top leaves of seedlings. The light day of tomato babies is 13-16 hours.

Lamps should be turned on for a tomato on the windowsill when cloudy weather reigned outside. They must be used in the early morning before dawn and in the evening, after the sun has gone.

♦ When to sow seeds. There are two terms for sowing tomatoes:

1. Summer-autumn. Seedlings are grown in July-August, you will already receive fruits in November-December.
2. Winter-spring. Seedlings should be started in November-December. The first harvest will wait for the owner in March-April.

Growing features

When you purchase seeds, be very careful about the quality of the planting material. Always check expiration dates.

Expired seeds may remain in the ground, or you will get weak, stunted plants.

♦ Seed disinfection. Immediately before planting, we need to disinfect the seeds and prevent them from infection with late blight.

To do this, soak the seeds for 20 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. Then, to increase germination and stronger growth, we will use "Epina" or any other growth stimulator - the seeds should be kept in it for about 10-12 hours.

♦ Germination. Having chosen the necessary varieties of tomato, we begin the process of seed germination. We place them in a small bowl, cover with moistened gauze and leave warm for 3-4 days.

As soon as our tomatoes have started small roots, we need to plant them.

♦ Where we plant. For growing tomato seeds, plastic or peat cups with a volume of about 200 ml are best suited.

You can use shallow pallets. We fill containers with soil:

• You can use an earthen mixture (in the amount of 45% black soil, 5% sand and 50% humus). Add some manganese to it for disinfection. Make sure the soil is not clayey.
• Or use a mixture of soil, humus (5 parts each), sand and peat (1 part each).

Add urea to the finished soil (8-10 g of urea per bucket of soil). Stir in wood ash (1-2 cups), superphosphate (40 g) and potash fertilizer(40 g).

Mix the ground mixture thoroughly and lay out in cups.

♦ Landing. We place the tomato seeds in small depressions at a distance of about 2 cm between each seed. They should be placed at a depth of 1-1.5 cm.

Lightly moisten the soil before sowing. We cover the sown seeds with a film or glass, such a coating will retain moisture well in the soil.

We place the containers in a dark and warm place (+ 25-30 ° C) and wait for shoots. The soil can sometimes be wetted.

♦ Transplant. After the tomatoes have given their first shoots, we transfer the containers with them to the windowsill and create a daytime temperature regime of + 22-25 ° C, a night temperature of + 15-17 ° C. We remove the coating.

And when two true leaves appear, the tomatoes must be dived and planted for permanent residence.

• The volume of permanent pots for young tomatoes on the windowsill should be about 7-10l.

♦ Care. Small tomatoes are afraid of drafts and watering with cold water. Excessive watering also harms them (they can pick up infectious diseases).

Tomato seedlings can be gently aired on too hot days.

• To provide the tomatoes with normal humidity - when airing, place a glass filled with water next to them. After the end of the ventilation, the glass is removed.

With further care, our tomatoes should be regularly watered and fed (dilute 1 g of potassium sulfate and urea and 5 g of superphosphate in a liter of water). Fertilizers need to be applied every 7-10 days.

Plants can also be fertilized with mullein diluted with water (ratio of 5 parts of water and part of mullein), chicken manure (15 parts of water per part of litter).

Use water for irrigation at a comfortable room temperature (+20-25°C). Plants should be watered as the soil dries out.

We water our tomatoes on the windowsill abundantly, wetting the whole earth, while it is advisable to pour water on the soil near the bush, but not at the very root.

Be sure to loosen the soil after watering - this will slow down the evaporation of moisture.

• We begin to apply top dressing as soon as the tomato grows 5-6 true leaves, at the beginning of flowering, also in the process of forming ovaries.

Do not forget to loosen the soil near the roots. But do it very delicately - the roots of the tomato are still too tender and can be damaged.

Simultaneously with loosening, carry out hilling of plants - this will contribute to the formation of new roots. If the earth has settled a little, add a portion of fresh (peat or nutrient mixture).

Sometimes stepchildren (additional stems) may appear in some varieties of tomato. They need to be carefully removed (stepchildren). Pasynkovanie will improve the nutrition of tomato fruits.

We will also remove dried leaves (especially those located closer to the root of the plant - dry leaves inhibit the access of moisture to the root system).

We are waiting for the harvest

During flowering, our tomatoes can occasionally be shaken slightly and run over the flowers with a delicate feather - this way we will improve the pollination process.

After the fruit set has occurred, the top of the stem and inflorescence should be removed to help the fruit form faster.

• To protect young tomatoes from late blight (this fungal disease threatens tomatoes even in winter), tomato leaves and stems should be periodically treated with infusion of manganese and garlic (for 3 liters of water, ½ g of potassium permanganate and half a garlic head).

Experienced gardeners use another technique for the faster formation of tomato fruits on the windowsill.

It's called "pulling the roots": take the tomato by the lower region of the stalk and very carefully pull it up, as if you want to pull the plant out of the ground.

During this movement, small roots break off. After the procedure, the plant should be watered and spud.

• During the flowering of tomatoes experienced gardeners it is advised to carry out additional spraying of the second and third brushes of plants, so that the fruits are better formed and tied. Spray the tomatoes with the solution boric acid(Dilute a gram of a substance in a liter of water).

When our tomatoes are already ripening, the branches of the plant should be tied to sticks-pegs. Otherwise, under the weight of the fruit, the stems may break.

It is advisable not to wait for the full ripening of tomatoes on the bushes, but to clean them brown.

IN room conditions tomatoes will ripen quickly, and the next crop will ripen better and faster on the bushes.

Balcony Wonders

You can also use your own loggia as a home greenhouse. If you have them insulated, you can successfully grow tomatoes on the balcony from early cool spring to gloomy late autumn.

• On insulated balconies / loggias, it is best to sow tomatoes in early March, if your balcony is open, postpone the event to the end of April.

The most ideal loggias and balconies for tomatoes are southern or southeastern. On the northern windowsills, and even on the balconies, tomatoes can freeze, and on the southwestern ones it will be too hot in the summer heat (if you grow tomatoes in such places, shade your plantings on hot days and ventilate them).

A balcony or loggia gives plants more room to grow. Therefore, under such conditions, you can also breed tall small-fruited cherry (cherry) and cocktail varieties of tomatoes:

• Minibell, Tiny Tim, De Barao, Carlson, Angelica, Pearl, Butterfly, Ballerina, Romantic, Verlioka, Red Banana, Gina, Max, Cascade Red and many other varieties.

Germinating seeds and transplanting tomatoes for permanent residence should be the same as when growing tomatoes on a windowsill. Since you can grow taller tomatoes on the balcony, we will form them into two stems:

• To do this, we will leave one stepson under the very first inflorescence. We tie the stepson to an additional peg or to a trellis. More undersized varieties can be formed in 2-3 stems (in addition to the first stepson, we leave the second one).

Tomato stepchildren on the windowsill, as well as on the balcony, are better not to cut, but to gently break off with your fingers. Break off carefully, trying not to touch the leaves and the central shoot.

Additional stems should be removed as soon as they can be grasped with your fingers.

At the same time, leave 2-3 cm of the column from the stepson. It is best to hold such an event in the morning.

Tomato stems are long and can easily break off. To prevent this, as the tomato seedlings grow, we will tie them to a trellis or pegs.

In the future, tomatoes are tied to the stakes two more times, and when using a trellis, it is necessary to twist the tops of the tomatoes around the twine tied to the trellis weekly.

Do not forget to ventilate your pets after each watering by opening the balcony doors. If suddenly your tomatoes begin to twist the leaves during the day - do not worry. This is quite normal for tomatoes.

But if the leaves rush straight up, located at an acute angle, while not twisting at all, this should alert you.

• The reason for this behavior of tomatoes can be too dry soil, insufficient ventilation or poor lighting.

You should not be zealous with watering and top dressing (especially with fertilizers containing nitrogen and organic matter).

At the same time, tomatoes begin to "fatten" - to let out powerful, thick stems, to grow strong stepchildren.

But at the same time, weak flower brushes are formed.

To correct the situation, use the following tricks:

1. Do not water your pets for a week and a half.
2. To stun growth, carry out foliar top dressing of tomatoes with superphosphates (3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water). Tomatoes are processed at the rate of a liter of the mixture for each plant.
3. Increase the ambient temperature to +27-28°C.
4. The flowers of such plants should be pollinated by hand with a soft brush.

Otherwise, care and concern for balcony tomatoes does not differ from our actions when growing a tomato on a windowsill.

Of course, not all vegetables can be grown at home, but still there are quite a few that feel great visiting us.

This is all kinds of greens (), and citrus fruits (, tangerine), and vegetables (, cucumbers, etc.). Growing at home will be discussed in the next article in the series "Garden on the windowsill"

See you soon, dear readers!

What needs to be done so that the tomatoes do not get sick, grow strong and healthy? After all, I so want to grow delicious, healthy tomatoes in their beds, and not buy in the market!

The answer to this question can be formulated as follows: growing tomatoes correctly means strictly observing agricultural practices that will create favorable conditions for the development of strong, productive plants and unfavorable conditions for pests and pathogens. But in order to comply with agricultural technology, you need to know it.

Choose your seeds carefully

To grow good crops of tomatoes, you need to start with the selection of resistant varieties. Recently, vegetable growers increasingly prefer domestic varieties, which are created taking into account our soil, climatic and phytosanitary conditions. For example, scientists of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing (Astrakhan) recommend varieties:

• Ranovik
• Chizhik
• record holder
• Forward
• Royal
• Gigantella
• Cleopatra
• new prince
• orange aviury
• Astrakhan 5/25

These varieties are distinguished (of course, to varying degrees) by resistance to blossom end rot, cracking, arid growing conditions, viral and fungal diseases. Many gardeners prefer foreign varieties - this is not entirely correct. Scientists emphasize that varieties of foreign selection are inferior to domestic ones in terms of taste, resistance to many diseases, and yield.

Can you grow tomatoes from your own seeds?

For those who grow tomatoes from their own seeds, scientists recommend:

Firstly, harvest them only from ripe fruits collected from healthy plants.

Secondly, be sure to ferment the seeds in the pulp for 2-3 days.

For sowing, it is better to use not fresh, but 2-3-year-old seeds, which are released from pathogens during storage. Pre-sowing treatment in solutions of biological preparations also helps to reduce the infection of seeds: fitosporin-M. Alirin-B, Hamair. The same drugs are used to treat plants during the growing season.

Informative video on how to prepare and sow tomato seeds:

Grow tomato seedlings the right way

Early sowing does not guarantee success

The health of tomatoes to a large extent depends on the conditions of the seedling period. Often summer residents try to sow seeds for seedlings as early as possible, arguing something like this: the sooner we sow, the sooner we get the harvest. Plants in such hasty gardeners do not grow, but toil. Most often, the roots of seedlings in February freeze on cold windowsills, the leaves suffer from a stream of dry air coming from heating radiators.

Add to these costs of early planting light deficiency, excessive watering, nitrogen fertilization, which, according to early planters, should stimulate the growth of seedlings, and we get full set conditions negatively affecting the development of seedlings.

By the time of landing in open ground, summer residents have thin long plants with extended internodes. Such seedlings, being planted in a garden bed (especially without preliminary hardening on fresh air), takes root for a long time and is difficult. Part of it dies altogether, being burned by the sun, battered by the wind.

The run in time, which seedlings had to give early sowing, is nullified by a period of difficult and long adaptation to new conditions. Not having time to survive the stress of transplantation, young tomatoes are often forced to suffer again: sharp changes in night and day temperatures, a sharp onset of heat weaken the tomatoes even more. Immature immunity fails, and plants cannot resist infection (viral, myco-plasma, bacterial), get sick and even die.

In a word, chasing early harvest tomatoes, summer residents often lose the entire crop.

Seedlings of later sowing (mid-March - early April) develop under growing daylight conditions. It becomes possible, without risk to plant health, to ventilate the room more often and even take seedlings to fresh air.

As a result, stocky healthy seedlings are planted on the garden bed, which painlessly endure the transplant and almost immediately begin to grow in a new place.

It is enough for her to help a little, for example, to spray with zircon or HB-101, so that she can resist diseases. Of course, such plants can also get sick, but, as a rule, if agricultural practices are followed, the disease does not become widespread. By removing the affected bushes, summer residents stop the spread of infection. Such sanitary culling has little effect on the overall yield.

It is even more correct to grow tomato seedlings not on window sills, but in temporary film shelters, warm beds. Dry tomato seeds in such garden nurseries can be sown as soon as the soil allows. Tomatoes will sprout when favorable conditions for germination are created. Germinated seeds are sown only after the soil in the greenhouse warms up. Emerging weeds are weeded before sowing.

If there are a lot of seeds (stocked up from your garden), you can carry out a combined sowing - dry and germinated seeds. In warm weather, with a short interval in time, both will ascend. A sharp cold snap can destroy germinated seeds, but dry ones, albeit with a delay, will sprout. Tomatoes sown immediately in the garden grow more viable. But this method requires a large number of seeds.

look interesting video about how you can start growing tomatoes in March, sowing seeds immediately into the ground:

How to grow a good crop of tomatoes

When a tomato is not happy with a tomato.

Properly growing tomatoes is, first of all, observing crop rotation. It is difficult to do this in the country, even more difficult in the greenhouse, but without it in any way. Tomatoes can be grown after many vegetable crops, but it is strongly not recommended to place them after related crops of the nightshade family: pepper, eggplant, potatoes.

It is undesirable to grow tomatoes after cucumbers, which is due to the development of viral diseases that can be common in both tomatoes and cucumbers. Especially harmful to the health of tomatoes permanent cultivation in one place. Crop rotation is very important, without this agricultural technique, you can forget about good tomato crops.

Non-compliance with crop rotation contributes to the accumulation of pests (for example, cotton bollworm), pathogens. Even if you annually replenish the site with organic, mineral fertilizers, tomatoes will steadily reduce yields.

According to the rules, tomatoes (and other nightshades) are returned to their original place after five years. In small summer cottages, such a gap is difficult to withstand, but it can be reduced by

Tomatoes planted where nightshade grew last year can develop quite normally, but during the period of mass fruit ripening, their leaves begin to dry out quickly. Plants do not realize their potential yield.

How to properly feed tomatoes

Of no less importance for the health of tomatoes is plants that receive everything they need, acquire immunity to diseases and pests.

Potassium is of particular importance for tomatoes. Contributing to the thickening of cell walls, this microelement thereby prevents their infection.

Feeding tomatoes.

The reduced resistance of tomatoes to diseases in summer cottages can often be explained by the enthusiasm for nitrogen fertilizing. After the introduced urea, the bushes are transformed, grow noticeably, which cannot but please summer residents. And behind the external positive effect, they cannot consider the negative effect of nitrogen on plants.

By enhancing the growth of cells, nitrogen contributes to the thinning of their walls, and thereby reduces the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse weather conditions.

A certain resistance to tomato diseases is given by trace elements: manganese, zinc, copper, boron.

Given all this, the attitude to top dressing should be reconsidered: to abandon the indiscriminate use of urea, giving preference complex fertilizers with trace elements, potassium sulfate, wood ash.

Tomatoes planted (or sown) without delay suffer less from diseases and pests. Tomatoes are usually planted in open ground in May or early June, focusing on air temperature, soil, weather forecast for the coming week. Two weeks earlier, tomatoes are planted under temporary shelters. By the time of mass reproduction of pests, widespread infection, plants have time to grow, get stronger and will be able to give a generous, good harvest of tomatoes.

Don't forget to water your tomatoes

Reduces the resistance of tomatoes to diseases, pests untimely irrigation. With a shortage of water, the leaves of plants wilt, nutrients begin to decompose intensively in them, becoming easy food for pests. That is why aphids, mites, thrips like to settle on weakened plants.

Timely watering relieves plants from such stresses. Their multiplicity depends on the weather, soil structure. On light soils, water more often, but at lower rates than on heavy soils. Loosening, mulching between rows helps to save moisture in the soil.