How to build a house inexpensively - reasonable savings at every stage of construction. How to build a budget house with your own hands
Those wishing to settle outside the city or in a small village all arrive. In megacities it is stuffy, morally and physically, from inhaled air and extraneous noise. I would like, if not to move out at all, then to acquire a corner of outdoor recreation. Excess Money we, as you know, do not suffer, so the problem arises: how to build a house inexpensively? In a private house, you will have to take more care of the housework and its maintenance will cost a little more than paying a communal apartment for city apartment equal area, but healthy lifestyle life is worth it. And if you start at least a small backyard garden with a greenhouse, then, without straining, individual housing can be made generally profitable.
Is it cheap and fast?
A private residential building of the budget price segment may well be comfortable, warm, and reliable. And if the hands grow as they should and there is a desire to attach them correctly, then look solid, see fig. However, building a house cheaply is not everything. There are already almost 7.5 billion people on Earth and everything is coming. Our "ball" is not rubber, so it would be simply naive to expect that taxes on real estate and rent for land will somehow decrease over time.
Therefore, the most cheap house not necessarily the one that will cost less to build: when choosing a material for a house (see below), a project, etc., it is imperative to keep in mind further operating costs. Especially if the construction is carried out on credit, you need to start paying it off immediately. Those., great importance acquires a period from the start of construction to the readiness of the house for occupancy: while construction is in progress, there will be no time for research additional income, and you have to pay for the previous housing and take out the next loan payment and put it down.
The conclusion is obvious: having planned to build, first of all we estimate - and how much will we drive until the house is completely ready? This point can be significant even for a fairly experienced builder, if you need to decide whether to build with your own hands or entrust some of the construction stages to a conscientious contractor with an established production and well-equipped technically. Savings from prudent distribution of cash and/or available funds according to the stages of readiness at home (see below) for contract and hand-made work, it can significantly exceed all other possible articles of it and will certainly greatly facilitate and simplify the choice of the main structural material the house and its foundations - the foundation.
What is a budget house?
We will consider a budget house, the construction of which to full readiness (see below), but without heating, cooking and plumbing appliances, will cost 10,000 rubles. for 1 sq. m total area or less. A house with 100 common squares in this case will cost up to 1 million rubles. or ok. $18,000 at today's exchange rate (2019). Under certain local conditions, it is possible to reduce the cost of construction up to 5500-6000 rubles. per square; if you build completely with your own hands, slowly only for your own; if there is an inexpensive former housing, then it is possible to meet 4,500 rubles. per square, but cheaper is already a fiction, who would not promise anything. Good contractors for 3000 rubles. per square can still be found, but - on a turn-key basis, and bringing the house to full readiness will require at least the same amount.
Note: the given figures, as well as the averages for the Russian Federation further in this article. Here it is appropriate to recall an old anecdote, which is now altered in its own way in almost all countries: the nobleman gorges on meat, the peasant only has enough for bread. On average, for two, they eat a meat pie. So, finally, look at the prices at home - it is impossible to give a complete overview of them in one publication, and the day after its publication, the situation on the market may change. Here we mainly give information on how to build a house cheaply and quickly with technical and organizational measures without compromising its quality.
About number of storeys
The problem of taxes and land rent can be largely solved, firstly, by building a 2-storey house, which will save on land fees. Some prejudice against the upper floors in individual houses remained from Soviet times, when private construction of more than 1.5 floors was strictly prohibited. It makes no sense to build a budget 3-story building: too much usable area will have to be given to the staircase, and the walls of the 1st floor will be strengthened, which will greatly complicate, lengthen and increase the cost of work. And in the 2-storey building, the stairs to the 2nd, sleeping, floor can lead directly from the living room or hallway / hall.
Secondly, the real estate tax can also be significantly reduced on a completely legal basis by making the sleeping mezzanine in the form of a Siberian attic. The scheme of the pediment of a frame residential building with a Siberian attic is given in fig. on right. Not everyone likes houses with Siberian mansards because of the faceted roof, but in fact they are economical and convenient, and in budget construction there is no time for exquisite architectural solutions. For budget frame house(see below) the Siberian attic is practically the only way to increase its actual number of storeys.
Note: for a house made of foam or gas blocks, there is another non-trivial opportunity to increase its living space without a significant increase in taxation and land rent, see below. This factor may be decisive in regions where 2 or more storey individual construction is prohibited due to natural conditions, eg. in seismically dangerous places or on permafrost.
Stages of home readiness
The stage (stage) of readiness of a residential building for occupancy means a completely completed cycle / complex construction works, after which the structure can wait for the start of the next stage for some definite or indefinitely long time. A technological break between stages is most often necessary for shrinkage of the structures of the previous cycle, but sometimes (see below) is unacceptable or possible only in the warm dry season. Work at the next stage of construction can be carried out both independently and under a contract from the same or another contractor, regardless of how the previous one was completed. The stages of bringing a budget residential building to readiness are as follows:
- Zero, or zero cycle - the foundation is laid, gained at least 75% strength and gave the calculated settlement. This is the most responsible, complex and time-consuming stage, at which it is most often expedient to hire an experienced team on a contract basis. Technical break before next. stage is necessary in any case.
- Box - there are walls with openings for windows and doors covered with a roof. Load-bearing partitions have also been erected inside. Communications are summed up, but so far muffled. A mandatory technical break is required only for heavy (brick, stone, concrete) buildings, for their own shrinkage. In budget construction, the stage of the box as such is most often not distinguished, and for a house from SIP panels it is generally excluded.
- Turnkey - doors and windows in place, the box is settled. The house can overwinter up to several times. It is possible that the floors are also laid, but the communications are not divorced, there is no interior decoration and insulation. A favorite bait of overly clever contractors “for cheap”, so at this stage you need to carefully calculate how much it will take to eat up the rest of the work, as well as their cost, and compare it with the price of bringing the house to full readiness by employees.
- Complete - communications are divorced, stationary household appliances are in place and ready for use. The interior decoration is done, but the exterior and insulation may not be provided for by the terms of the contract (see below). The kitchen, bathroom and boiler room / furnace are fully equipped, you can cook, wash, start the boiler and heat. It remains to bring and arrange furniture, lay carpets, hang curtains, paintings, arrange trinkets, etc., so that you can live in the house - do not grieve.
About contractors
A conscientious contractor, firstly, must be properly registered legally - as an individual entrepreneur, LLC, etc.; accordingly, he must immediately, without a reminder, present to the customer a package of documents confirming state registration. Special licenses for ordinary construction work are not required, professional certificates (“crusts”; now - cards) of executing workers are enough.Secondly, the customer should be offered a contract on paper. An offer (public standard) or individual, it doesn’t matter, the main thing is that the rights and obligations of the parties should be clearly spelled out there. Thirdly, there must also be indicated guarantee period at this stage (stages) of work and the conditions for compliance with warranty obligations.
Good contractors for the "budget" give a guarantee of 2-5 years. Less can not be due to technical breaks. More in conscience is also impossible, tk. local conditions of use of the building may change in the worst side. They can be taken into account (“embedded” constructively) by using more expensive materials and technical solutions, but it will no longer be a budget construction.
About outbuildings
In popular sources and prospectuses of contractors, one can come across recommendations accompanied by preliminary (without reference to the place) projects: they say, we build a 6x9 house first very cheaply, and then, as funds accumulate, add more rooms to it (the original layout allows), while grandchildren will not be left with a huge mansion. This approach is fundamentally wrong.
Anyone who is more or less familiar with construction knows that the extension of a residential building to an existing one is a complex and not always feasible technical task. First, the old foundation has already completely settled, and the new one will shrink only under the weight of the structure being carried. That is, the extension cannot be immediately attached tightly to the main structure, you need to wait for the cracks to go and close them up. In common runet, publicly available information about outbuildings to existing buildings hard to find; you can look for a small but sensible book by Dr. tech. Sciences Ferenc Sagi "How to avoid mistakes when building an individual house." There was a Russian translation M., Stroyizdat, 1987. Curiously, this booklet cost as much as 90 kopecks then. Soviet.
Thirdly, even if the house is rubber on a gimbals, it is unacceptable to allow it to sway and sway to the beat of seasonal ground movements from year to year. Under the house, erected on a properly chosen and laid foundation, a kind of virtual (invisible) warm "pit" is formed, in which it is never below zero; the blind area around the house expands it to the sides. An extension to the house can disrupt the established heat balance in the bearing soil, which is fraught with an accident rate already in the main building. Therefore, conscientious contractors expose one of the conditions of the guarantee - no outbuildings that are not agreed with them.
Garage in the house, or the role of planning
One of the ways to get an inexpensive, relative to the available living space, house for permanent residence- build a house common ground with a garage. Perhaps this is only for houses made of non-combustible materials; regarding budgetary ones - foam and gas-block, otherwise the firefighters will not allow the project to be approved or the unauthorized construction to be legalized.
However, simply attaching a garage to the house, as on the left in the figure, does not make much sense, it will do almost nothing to save the cost of building and further maintaining the house. It is necessary to enter a garage of a typical size 4x7 m inside in constructive scheme at home, taking into account the following:
- there is no need to put a garage on the basement, because then you will have to block the access ramp to it;
- the ceiling height in the garage is permissible 2.5 and even 2.2 m, it is simply impossible less;
- it is highly desirable to have an entrance to the garage from the house, but then it is only allowed from the hallway / hallway and should be with a vapor-tight fire-resistant door.
In this case, the garage floor slab will serve as the floor of a one-and-a-half floor, less taxed, but quite spacious. An example of this kind of layout, see the right in fig. The utilization rate of the area is not so hot there, but there are a lot of amenities:
- A one-and-a-half superstructure is not an extension; no special measures are required for its construction on an existing well-established building, i.e. you can build on the garage later, as the family grows.
- The staircase to the one and a half floor turns out to be low and fits into the existing hall without any special difficulties.
- Garage heating is also arranged without problems, and economically, because. it is slightly warmed up from the hall and the kitchen.
- In the lobby of the 1.5th floor, a pressure tank is perfectly placed under the ceiling autonomous water supply; you can also move the dressing room there, increasing the area of \u200b\u200bthe living room and bathroom.
- Since the floor of the bedroom is heated to some extent, in turn, from the garage, it can be done with a French window in a fairly harsh climate.
- One basement wall is shared with the garage. Communications are wound up, of course, in the basement. That is, a sewer riser can go from the bedroom to the basement, to which a wash basin, a shower and even a jacuzzi are connected upstairs.
- The entrance to the basement is also internal, through a hatch in the hall or from the garage.
Agree, a house for 4-5 people with a separate dressing room, a living room of more than 25 squares and a French bedroom, which also has a hydromassage - this is really cool. And the total area on earth is much less than 180 square meters. m, from which the increased taxation begins. Even if in your state the basic area norm is 150-160 sq. m, the tax authorities still have to write down the house as a budget one.
Foundation and soil
When choosing the foundation of a house or checking the option proposed by the contractor, you need to be consistent with the geology and soil mechanics at the construction site. Soil mobility factors that most affect the cost of a house foundation are as follows:
- Load bearing capacity.
- The degree of heaving (the amount of frost heaving).
- Normative freezing depth (NGP).
- Maximum standing height ground water.
Bearing capacity and heaving
Mass low-cost development is possible on non-rocky and weakly heaving soil with a bearing capacity of up to 0.7 kg/sq. cm, but only according to the results of careful preliminary surveys over the entire building area with a decent margin at the edges. Separate secure home an experienced contractor can build on medium heaving soil with a bearing capacity of 1.1-1.3 kg / sq. m. Self-building can be done on the ground up to medium heaving with a normal bearing capacity of 1.7 kg / sq. m. cm or higher. On strongly and excessively heaving soils, budget development is impossible with rare exceptions (see below).
Note: bearing capacity soil directly at the building site can be determined on its own without complex instruments, but how is a separate article.
GWP and groundwater
It is unacceptable to build some potentially budget houses on an unburied foundation (see below). The heel (sole) of the foundation must be buried below the NHL by at least 0.6 m on medium heaving soils and at least 0.3 m on slightly heaving and non-heaving soils. The sole of the foundation should not reach 0.5 m or more to the level of standing groundwater. Typical limiting cases for budget development are: dry sandy loam (slightly heaving), NGP 1.5 m, standing water 2.5 m; foundation deepening 1.8-1.9 m. Or - moderately moistened podzol (medium heaving), NGP 1.2 m, standing water 3.5 m. Foundation deepening from 1.8 m.
What if there's a fire?
The question of what will be cheaper to build a house in a given place must be decided without fail, taking into account the fire hazard. Hoping for the best, preparing for the worst universal principle, and the harmfulness (or pliability) of firefighters here is in fifth or seventh place after their own safety. Relatively possible harm against fire properties of materials for budget construction share next. way:
- Fire safety (this is not the antipode of fire hazard) - how difficult it is for a given material to ignite and whether it is capable of burning outside the source of ignition. In fact, is it possible to put out a fire in a timely manner with improvised means without significant damage to the building structure.
- Fire resistance - how long a material is able to resist fire without losing its mechanical properties before the structure collapses and / or without emitting toxic gases. In fact, how much time do you have, if extinguishing on your own is impossible, to evacuate and take out property.
- Fire resistance - how much, having been on fire for at least 20 minutes, the material restores its properties. In fact - suddenly the box of the house is completely burned out, is it possible to re-equip it for housing.
materials
So it's time to choose the material for the budget house price category. Houses made of bricks, corrugated timber and round logs of chamber drying are, unfortunately, excluded from the budget category. They have a lot of advantages and relatively few disadvantages, but in brick house it will be possible to move in no earlier than the 3rd year from the beginning of zero: a year for the shrinkage of an expensive buried foundation, a year to shrink the box, and only then can it be handed over on a turnkey basis, plus time for interior decoration. In addition, at current energy prices, a brick house needs expensive external insulation.
Note: houses made of wood concrete (fiber-reinforced concrete), reeds, straw blocks, etc. are not considered, because their reliability has not yet been confirmed by time and there is no well-established construction industry for their construction.
Chamber profiled beams and logs impregnated with harmless antiseptics and flame retardants are expensive in themselves and require solid carpentry experience to build a residential building. Houses from them are considered prestigious; as a result, the cost of works is high. Also, prefabricated panel houses do not fit into the budget category: they are built very quickly, but their construction requires qualified personnel and a high degree of mechanization of work. Given these circumstances, the choice is wide available materials pretty limited. To compare prices in full finished house per unit (100%) you can take frame house from non-glued timber and ordinary air-drying boards. The result looks like a trace. way:
- Country wooden frame house only from the board - 0.6-0.8
- House on a steel thin-walled frame - 0.85-0.9.
- Residential wooden frame house made of timber and boards - 1.00.
- log house from ordinary timber air drying - 1.4-1.8.
- House from SIP panels - 1.9-2.00.
- A house made of foam or gas blocks - 2.00-2.15.
Frames and beams
General advantages and - low sensitivity to ground movements, they "play" with it. Therefore, it is possible to build such houses on an unburied columnar foundation, the simplest and cheapest. It is also possible to build a residential frame / timber budget house on a heavily heaving weak ground, laying under it pile-strip foundation TISE. A 2-storey frame house cannot be built without a detailed project, but in budget construction this problem is solved by a Siberian attic, see above.
A lumber house is good because in regions with enough mild winter does not require additional insulation: 200 mm timber is equivalent to 600 mm masonry. Inner lining both in a timber and in a frame house it is possible with plywood or non-combustible materials: chipboard, OSB. OSB exterior cladding (Oriented Strand Board, OSB) will give your home extra stiffness in the wind and weather resistance. weather conditions. The plaster inside here and there is dry, with drywall (gypsum plasterboard) on shreds (15-20) x40 mm; it is impossible to sheathe gypsum boards without crates even completely flat walls.
The construction of a wooden frame house is well known (on the left in the figure). Without impregnation with biocides and flame retardants (which can be produced independently), all fire-fighting qualities of such houses are low, and fire resistance is generally zero, they burn out completely. Fire safety and fire resistance can be increased to an acceptable level (10-15 minutes for evacuation), if the insulation is made with ecowool ( cellulose insulation). It will cost approx. 25% more expensive than mineral wool, but when heated, ecowool releases a lot of water vapor that retards fire. In addition, ecowool does not allow wood to rot: it contains an antiseptic - borax. Wet ecowool does not fall off and retains 75% of the insulating qualities, while dried out completely restores them. Warming with ecowool is possible manually without experience; No fasteners or bracing required. Hydro and vapor barriers for ecowool need inexpensive simplified ones. Estimated service life of a solid wood frame or log house with mineral wool insulation and without external cladding is 25-40 years, depending on the quality of the wood and local conditions; the same, with ecowool insulation - up to 70 years or more.
Inexpensive house for a summer residence of a frame structure with dimensions of approx. up to 4x6 m it is possible to build from boards alone with your own hands without experience, as well as air-drying lumber. But if the total area of the house exceeds approx. 25 sq. m and / or the number of openings in it is more than 3-4, an experienced carpenter should build. In this case, the frame of the house is needed with the main load-bearing elements made of timber from 150x150 mm.
First, it is impossible to locate the openings of windows and doors in a house, any size of which exceeds 6 m. Computer programs are of little help here: you need to enter initial data into them and choose a calculation method based on own experience. There is no computer construction program that would “do everything by itself” yet.
The second - in a residential frame / log house there must be at least two load-bearing partitions. Their location can be taken from a typical project, but it is correct to connect the partitions with outer walls a beginner is unlikely to be able to; especially if the house is timber-framed.
In a log house built without experience, the problem of caulking may also arise. To reject when buying a timber that is highly susceptible to warping is only capable of very experienced specialist. If seasonal country house split, the trouble is small, the cracks can simply be plugged. In a large residential building with split walls, it will be possible to survive 1-2 winters, having spent a lot on heating, and then it will quickly go to the accident rate due to the weakening of the structure.
Houses on a thin-walled steel frame (on the right in the figure) may be somewhat cheaper than solid wood ones, but this is an apparent cheapness. The main thing is that the fire resistance of houses on a steel thin-walled frame is zero: in a flame, the frame instantly (in less than 3 minutes) loses its strength, and the house collapses. In addition, it is very difficult to take into account the fatigue of elements of a complex thin-walled structure, and cases of sudden collapse of such houses without any apparent reason are not unique in the world. In general, the service life of 100-120 years declared by manufacturers is not maintained, therefore, in a number of states, only non-residential small architectural forms are allowed to be built on a steel frame.
SIP
Structural Insulated Panel (SIP, SIP, Structural Insulated Panel) is a pie made of plywood or OSB boards with extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) or polyurethane foam between them. For housing construction SIP from OSB and polyurethane foam are suitable; CIP filled with XPS in a fire release a huge amount of toxic gases. The main advantages of SIP houses, firstly, are the speed and ease of construction, see the video:
Video: an example of building a house from SIP
The fact that they can be built on a non-buried foundation such as a Swedish or Finnish slab reduces the time it takes to bring a SIP house to readiness for moving in even more. These foundations are cheap, their "maturation" period fits into the warm season, so slab foundation under a SIP house, you can order / lay with a margin for future extensions or for a large veranda, see fig. on right. The exterior finish of a SIP house can be any and it will look more than decent, see ibid.
No less important is the fact that SIPs themselves are an excellent heat insulator and additional insulation is not required for the house. The disadvantages of SIP houses include the need ventilation system, because the walls don't breathe. AT Russian conditions it is significant that SIP houses are unsuitable for stove heating, the filler of the panels heats up and gradually exudes toxic substances. The service life of SIP manufacturers also declare a small, 40-70 years. Finally, the SIP box cannot be left to winter; the house must be built at least turnkey during the warm season.
Foam blocks and gas blocks
A box can be very inexpensively, doing construction work on weekends, folded from spring to late summer on glue, without being a bricklayer at all; she will be able to overwinter once under a roof and wrapped in a film. A technical break for shrinkage of the box is not needed.
The main enemies of a foam / gas-block house, firstly, are moisture. There are plenty of pores for condensation in its walls, and it is difficult and long to dry a damp house made of foam / gas blocks. Therefore, in this case, a complete (and expensive) vapor barrier is needed both outside and inside (there are household and breathing fumes) and good external thermal insulation, "not letting" the dew point into the walls. As a result, the statement that a house made of foam / gas blocks breathes is, to put it mildly, just talk. Who lived in such a house, is unlikely to argue.
In fact, the only way to 100% prevent the dampness of a house from foam / gas blocks in any conditions is a ventilated facade. Which works great, but does not apply to budget construction. comfortable and even luxury houses foam / gas blocks can be built and are being built, but in warm regions and not in the budget segment.
The second enemy of a foam / gas-block house is the natural wear of concrete. Let's say it crumbles only 0.01 mm per year. In this case, 300-400 years will pass before the reinforcement is exposed in a concrete monolith, which can be ignored in the calculations of ordinary buildings. But the partitions between the pores of the foam / gas blocks are about 1 mm, and their safety margin of 100% will be exhausted in 20-25 years, because. destruction comes from 2 sides. Therefore, the estimated service life of a house made of foam blocks or gas blocks up to 60-100 years is clearly exaggerated. Confirmation of this is the massive (and unsuccessful) sale of aerated concrete villas in Spain, not even at cost minus depreciation, but for how much they will take. They forgot, when they were building, about the microwear of blocks, and now what to do with all this?
Summing up
So, in accordance with all the accompanying circumstances, we have few options for really budget construction:
- The main one is a solid wood frame house insulated with ecowool.
AT recent times fewer and fewer people want to live in a cramped and stuffy city, preferring to move to their own country house. It would seem, what are the problems? You just need to sell an apartment and buy real estate outside the city. But this property is, alas, several times more expensive than the largest apartment.
Do not despair, there is a way out - to build a house on your own. If you figure it out, there is nothing complicated in building a house, the main thing is to draw up an action plan and follow it clearly.
The problem of cheap housing is becoming more and more urgent. Many scientists have worked on it, and some have achieved some success. Among them, it is worth noting Berok Khoshnevis, a professor from the USA who developed a 3D printer. This device is able to build a house in a day with total area in 300 m². Agree, not a single even the most experienced team is able to invest in such a period.
But the cost of a 3D printer (in fact, as well as its operation) is very expensive, not everyone can afford it. Therefore, during construction, it is more expedient to use a less expensive way to save money - to use cheap building materials.
Cheap DIY home: where to start?
We will immediately make a reservation that an unauthorized building must be legalized and you need to register it as property. To do this as quickly as possible, follow all state standards. First of all, draw up a competent plan of the site and the future home (it is better to entrust this matter to a qualified architect). In this plan, engineering communications are distributed, the method of pouring the foundation and building materials are selected. With a plan in hand, you can easily bring an inexpensive home project to life.
In addition, during the preparatory work, determine the order of construction. It will look something like this:
- foundation pouring;
- construction of the "box" of the house;
- carrying out all necessary communications;
- floor laying;
- roof construction (preferably in autumn or spring).
Following a simple technology, you can easily build a cozy inexpensive house.
Stage one: foundation of the house
Step 1. First of all, decide what type of foundation is suitable for the soil in your area. Dig a meter-long hole, if the soil is sandy, clay or rocky, and there is no water at the bottom, then you can safely build a strip foundation about 70-80 cm deep. But if there is still water, then the depth of the base should exceed 1 m.
Step 2. Then remove the top layer of earth and mark the perimeter. Focusing on the markings, dig a trench of the required depth and fill the bottom with a sand cushion.
Step 3 Build the formwork using boards or plywood. Then mix the mortar for the foundation using cement, crushed stone and coarse sand. In this case, the thicker the solution, the stronger the base (ideally, the consistency should be like that of thick sour cream). Make the width of the foundation 20 cm more than the width of the walls. Be sure to reinforce it with metal fittings.
Step 4. Install a waterproofing layer - this will prevent the formation of cracks in the foundation and, therefore, increase its service life. Use roofing material for this, laying it in two layers at ground level. After that, build the base to the required height.
Step 5. After the insulating layer, lay out the foundation concrete blocks or brick. Make ventilation holes in two opposite walls to prevent moisture from rising in the floor. Then give the construction a little time to dry and lay the waterproofing (you can use any available material here).
Note! The final drying and shrinkage of the foundation will come only a few months after construction, so do not rush to build walls.
Stage two: walls
There are two ways to build walls.
- A more reliable and, accordingly, expensive way is to build reinforced columns at the corners of the future house. Gather the reinforcement rods into a “bundle”, place them in the corners and fill them with concrete. In this case, you first need to build wooden formwork and after that start filling.
- If for one reason or another you cannot use the first method, then when building walls, simply strengthen them with reinforcement.
For walls, use one of the following materials:
- foam concrete;
- brick;
- shell rock;
- adobe;
- clay and glass bottles.
The cheapest of them is foam concrete, but it will not allow the walls to "breathe". Shellfish is more expensive, but it is recommended by experts in the construction of inexpensive houses. Window and door openings in this case will need to be strengthened, so equip them with metal corners.
The already finished "box" needs to be insulated. Use glass wool and brick for this. Lay brick with outer side"boxes" so that there is a small gap between it and the shell rock. Fill this gap with glass wool - such material will not only insulate the house, but also protect it from the penetration of insects and rodents.
Note! Not all partitions can use drywall or brick. In the central part of the house, there should always be load-bearing walls erected taking into account the underlying communications (that is, with places left under them).
For load-bearing partitions, use metal profiles - install them, sheathe them with drywall and plaster.
Stage three: communications
Any house, even the cheapest one, needs water supply, heating and other communications. At the same time, all communications must be carried out after coordinating them with specialists - this will be a guarantee of safety and correct installation.
Heating
As heat generator use the gas boiler. This will significantly reduce heating costs, especially in winter time. And in view of the fact that the cold comes mainly from the earth, give preference to " warm floor' - execute it from plastic pipes and fill with concrete screed. This will heat the whole house, but if this does not seem enough, then install the main heating system.
Another heating option is alternative, based on the use of solar and wind energy. Having built a solar battery with your own hands, you will not freeze in your house even in winter.
Plumbing, sewer system
Lay both communications before finishing and pouring the floor. Decide in advance on the location of the rooms and household appliances in need of drainage, and lay pipes in accordance with the plan.
If the central sewerage and water supply are not available, you should think about building a small septic tank, for example, from European cubes or concrete rings as well as water supply. As a source of water, you can build a well or drill a well. However, the second option will hit your pocket hard.
Stage four: floor
At the end of the installation of communications, fill the floor with a concrete screed. Then cover with any suitable material- linoleum, tiles, laminate, etc. Nevertheless, it is recommended to use tiles, as the most practical and damage-resistant material. It is easy to clean, and when using "warm floors" it will never be cold. Moreover, you can pick up the cheapest tiles and cover it with cozy paths.
Stage five: roof and ceiling
At this stage of work around the walls, build a concrete belt for attaching the beams. Then, having laid the beams, fill the boards from below. When building a two-story house, it is better to use concrete slabs for flooring.
For the roof, first assemble the facing grid - this is necessary in any case, regardless of the roofing material you choose. Lattices can only differ different steps beams. It is recommended to use one of the following materials (due to financial considerations):
- ondulin;
- metal tile;
- corrugated board;
- slate.
From eco-friendly materials wood, straw, reeds are applicable.
Whatever material you choose, the roof must be insulated. Use glass wool for this - this is the most affordable and easy-to-install material.
Completion of construction. Interior arrangement
The construction of the roof is the last stage in the construction of the house. Then you can proceed to the interior decoration. There are many technologies and methods internal arrangement, almost all existing design projects can be done by hand at little cost.
In a word, everything depends only on the richness of your imagination. An excellent option could be stretch ceiling- having a relatively low cost, they visually expand the free space with their glossy finish. They perfectly reflect the light, while creating an unusual effect.
Also, arches and openings look good in the interior (they are easy to mount from drywall and metal profiles, or use wood and clay). Cover the walls with textured wallpaper (painted wallpaper, as they are also called), which you can make yourself. Various plasters are quite cheap. Wood trim looks great.
If you approach the matter competently and with soul, then the construction and arrangement of your own family nest will be inexpensive. The main thing is to clearly know what you can save on, and what is better not to do it.
What not to save
- Do not save on technical supervision. Read at least a thousand articles on construction, but without experience you still won’t be able to control the quality and understand the essence of construction work. Engage an engineer or an experienced builder - in general, someone you would trust.
- Don't skimp on communications. Heating, water supply, entrances to the yard, etc. necessary elements comfortable life. Do not neglect any of the systems!
- Do not save on the project - it must be drawn up by a specialist, taking into account the climatic conditions of your area. Be sure to tie the project to specific building conditions. So, it often happens that the developer did not want to pay the designers for tying the foundation, having listened to the advice of the contractor (who is more expensive, the better), as a result of which the foundation turned out to be too large a margin of safety. Binding will minimize the cost of building the foundation of the house.
We also note that construction and design should be carried out by different people with different opinions and interests. This will allow you to accept correct solution and avoid unnecessary expenses.
Video - How to build a house inexpensively
Starting the construction of your own home, you want to choose the cheapest material for building a house - in order to maximize savings. But the pursuit of a low price of building materials can result in both expensive maintenance in the future, and an increase in the cost of the entire construction as a whole. How to build a cheap house?
What determines the value of a house?
The final price tag for construction depends on several factors. Materials play an important, but not the only, role here. So, construction estimate will include:
If doing monolithic filling, you will need a large amount of wood for the formwork. And working alone on weekends, construction is delayed indefinitely, which is also not always economically profitable.
The cheapest materials for building a house - handmade?
There is an opinion that the materials made with my own hands, will be much cheaper than those purchased from the manufacturer. Of course there are recipes. different brands concrete, you can independently fold straw walls or even backfill the frame with sawdust.
This is economically justified in the following cases:
- the availability of free assistants - it is difficult to interfere, fall asleep and press alone, which can lead to poor-quality work;
- no need to go to work five days a week - otherwise construction will often have to be postponed due to weather conditions;
- the opportunity to obtain equipment and raw materials for building materials at very low prices - the delivery of sawdust from another region will not be cheap.
So, the cheapest construction options:
- Thatched walls with clay plastering. They are distinguished by good thermal insulation, but require repair due to rodents that settle in the thickness of the wall.
- Abrolite or sawdust concrete. You can make your own or purchase ready-made blocks. In the first case, you will have to wait a long time for sawdust concrete to dry, in the second - to build walls as quickly as possible and do exterior finish, since wood concrete is hygroscopic.
- Clay or cordwood. Dry logs and chocks, peeled from bark, are used. They are laid across the wall on a clay mortar. The ends of the wood must be impregnated with antiseptics or burned, otherwise they strongly absorb moisture.
- Backfilling with sawdust or expanded clay. To do this, on the frame is done fixed formwork from edged board, into which the heater is poured.
The appearance of the house of these materials is rather unsightly. And if it is quite simple to beat straw walls or peeking logs, you will also have to make a screed on top of the wood concrete. Another significant disadvantage of homemade materials is that they are not strong enough. But that's everyone's problem. frame houses. To hang shelves or install kitchen set, it is necessary to provide for mortgage boards at the construction stage.
Economical building materials - what are they?
If, on reflection, self-produced It was decided to refuse, it is worth taking a closer look at the prices on the market. What is the cheapest building material? Paradoxically, almost any:
- tree - can be purchased extremely cheaply in the forest belt, but in steppe zone it's expensive;
- brick - build next to brick factory, it will turn out to buy red brick at manufacturer's prices;
- aerated concrete and foam concrete - lightweight and relatively simple material to build, has good thermal insulation;
- frame construction - the most a budget option, suitable for any climate, but requiring the organization of forced ventilation.
Not every carpenter can assemble a log house with high quality, so you will also have to take into account the cost of the work of builders. The same applies to brick house- the skew of the masonry will result in a large-scale alignment of the walls.
So when choosing materials, you need to take into account the cost of working with them. For example, aerated concrete is laid on a special glue, due to which the gaps between the blocks are minimal.
This allows you to save on fine finishing, but requires care from builders. Foam concrete does not differ in the quality of geometry - the blocks can be skewed and differ in size. It is unpleasant to work with such material, it is difficult to level the walls.
As a result, the cost of work is higher.
How to globally save on construction?
Not building materials alone can reduce construction costs own house. To save as much as possible:
- Think over the plan of the future building. The simpler the layout, the cheaper it is to equip it. You should not plant bathrooms at different ends of the building - laying pipes will cost a pretty penny. Placing the kitchen next to the bathroom will also save on pipes. The even geometry of the walls, the absence of non-functional niches and differences in floor heights, although they look simple, do not require extra costs. Together, this will give up to 20% savings on the total cost.
- Refuse architectural excesses. Balconies, terraces and a tiered roof can increase the value of a home by 10-15%. It is much more rational in the future to build a small gazebo or attach an open terrace.
- Use building materials produced in your region, abandoning the popular and advertised ones. This will allow not only to buy them cheaper, but also not to overpay for delivery. So, houses made of shell rock in the Altai Territory are among the most budgetary, but Moscow cannot boast of a low price for this material.
- Lighten the truss system as much as possible using lightweight roofing materials. Then, instead of a 10x10 cm beam, it will be possible to use a 5x10 cm board laid on the end, while not reducing the pitch of the rafters.
- Refuse basement. Filling, waterproofing and roughing out the basement will add another 20% to the estimate.
The choice of building materials
If the market building materials offers a choice of several types, it's great. Indeed, in this case, you can compare all the advantages and disadvantages and purchase materials that combine low price and good quality.
General features to look out for:
- durability - if the house is idle for a maximum of 10 years, saving on materials is rather doubtful;
- ease and accessibility of installation - the need to use heavy equipment at a construction site can negate all the savings;
- environmental friendliness - maintenance natural humidity in the house it is achieved due to "breathing" materials, otherwise you will have to take care of forced ventilation;
- heat capacity and thermal insulation are two parameters responsible for future efficiency, because the house should not only be cheap during construction, but also during operation.
Having considered the most popular of building materials, you can choose the most suitable option for yourself.
Wooden houses
Timber houses are considered the most environmentally friendly and one of the best in maintaining optimal microclimate. wooden building has the following advantages:
But such a structure also has disadvantages. So, the quality of literally every log is very important - an undried tree will begin to twist, longitudinal cracks may appear, the ends must be “plugged” with an ax to prevent waterlogging of the tree due to precipitation. If, however, to deviate from the classical processing of logs in favor of the use of modern antiseptic and flame retardant solutions, the house ceases to be environmentally friendly.
Ready-made kits are expensive, but only professionals can assemble an inexpensive log house from round timber. After all, you have to customize every log! In addition, in regions with cold winters, the thickness of the walls of a wooden hut should be at least 50 cm to ensure minimal heat loss during the heating season. Finding logs of this diameter will also cost a pretty penny.
To let the house "breathe", it cannot be insulated with foam, only vapor-permeable mineral wool. And so that the insulation does not get wet, be sure to arrange a ventilated facade. There are also certain limitations for interior decoration - it is better to use modern vapor-permeable membranes if you plan to cover the house with plasterboard or clapboard.
But the log house is beautiful in its original form. To get a cozy and windproof house, you need to regularly check and caulk the cracks in the walls. Particular attention is paid to the system of corner locks - simply cutting into half a tree will not provide the necessary insulation and will lead to the formation of cold spots.
brick houses
Brick has excellent heat capacity. This means that when the heating is started, the house will warm up for a long time, but then cool down just as long. For permanent residence - a great option. But for country house visited on the weekend, it will be a waste of money on heating. After all, while the house warms up, it is already necessary to leave back to the city.
For one-story buildings, walls of 1.5 bricks will be enough. But such a thickness of the walls is completely unsuitable for winters, where the temperature drops to -20 degrees.
In order not to increase the cost of brickwork, the house will have to be insulated from the outside. What is especially nice when building brick buildings - you can use any insulation! So, by choosing foam plastic with a thickness of only 5 cm, you can reduce the heat loss of the house from 125 kWh to square meter up to 53 kWh per heating season. In other words, you can halve your heating bills.
The disadvantages of brick houses include:
- a large weight of the building - you will need a recessed strip foundation, which will significantly increase the cost of construction;
- the duration of the construction - a team of five people can raise a box at home in three weeks, subject to continuous work, but alone, the time increases significantly;
- finishing work - if you can live in a log house immediately after construction, a brick house requires a mandatory screed of walls and floors, followed by a fine finish.
Houses from a gas block or foam block
These buildings have all the advantages and disadvantages of brick houses. At the same time, they also have their own characteristics:
At the same time, the price per cubic meter of brick and gas block is almost the same. And given the need for insulation along the facade, the advantages of aerated concrete over ceramic bricks are rather illusory. But at the expense large sizes blocks to build a house is quite simple, which is the reason for the low cost of work.
frame houses
For those who are really on a tight budget, frame construction is a real salvation. house on wooden frame with mineral insulation it turns out many times cheaper than all previous options. And that's why:
But despite clear benefits frame construction, preference is still given to brickwork. All because of no less significant shortcomings:
On the other hand, approaching the construction of a frame house wisely and without saving on building materials, you can get a good and reliable structure that will last for decades. And in the future, the frame is just as easy to disassemble and put in its place a capital brick house.
Build the same small and cozy house it is possible in a few months, and this is confirmation of this video:
Beautiful own house everyone wants to have. If you approach this matter competently, draw up an intelligent project, think over the style, design of the premises, the layout of the house, discard all unnecessary, which will not be useful, premises, you can build a house with your own hands (up to 50% of all costs go to pay workers), while you can save a lot on construction by building a budget house with costs to a minimum, and amenities to the maximum. Build a budget house, which means to calculate all costs in advance, consult with an architect about inexpensive, but optimal and convenient option for construction, to purchase high-quality, but cheap building materials.
Cheap, easy to use roofing material. You can easily and quickly build a house from blocks. When using standard bricks, you can save a lot, it is good to use inexpensive plastic for windows, or soft rocks tree.
A budget house is supposed to be of high quality, but modest, without any complex architectural solutions.
The basic rules for construction are the laying:
- foundation, strong and solid
- house foundations
- extrusion of the wall box after the foundation has been fully cured for strength
– pouring floors and conducting communications
- laying of floors, important elements for building a house
- the construction of the roof, the last stage, but is carried out in the spring or autumn, which must also be taken into account before starting construction.
1. The foundation can be selected inexpensive, but appropriate for the soil on which the work will be started. You can check the soil by digging a hole up to 1 meter. With a dry pit, you can use strip foundation, no more than 80 cm deep. With a hole with water, you will have to dig deeper.
2. First, the top layer of soil is removed, markings are made. A trench is dug along the perimeter of the house to the depth of the proposed foundation, after which it is leveled with sand.
3. Their wood or plywood need to make formwork.
4. A thick mortar is being prepared for the foundation (sand, cement, gravel). The foundation is laid out along the length longer than the walls by 20 - 25 cm, a metal trench is laid along the perimeter.
5. For a long service life of the foundation, waterproofing is necessary. To do this, a two-layer roofing material is laid at ground level, after which the foundation itself is raised.
7. Holes are made in the floor for ventilation.
8. The foundation dries for several months, insists, after which the walls are erected.
9. For walls, foam concrete is a cheap material, but the house will not breathe.
It is quite possible to build a box at an affordable price. All corners of the material are laid with reinforcement; iron corners should be attached to openings for windows and doors.
10. The box requires insulation, you can brick, glass wool.
11. You must not forget about air cushion between materials, it will allow you to insulate the house to protect it from the onslaught of rodents, bark beetles.
12. Drywall and brick are not for everyone. internal partitions. For load-bearing walls, you need to choose the material more powerful and better.
13. Communications are also laid in the walls, therefore, when building them, this should be taken into account and leave space for them.
14. Suitable for collecting internal partitions metallic profile, after which you can sew it up with drywall.
15. Without communication in the house, nowhere. You can lead them yourself, but it will not be superfluous to consult with specialists. After all, home safety is paramount. As heating, you can equip a gas boiler, in winter it will save you a lot of money.
It is important to pay special attention to the floors, all the cold goes in from below, so the floors should be warm, from metal-plastic pipes filled with screed. If you distribute the heating correctly, then the cost of heating the house will be much less.
Before pouring the floors, you need to carry out sewage and plumbing, plan in advance where it will be located, a kitchen, a drainage system, sewer pipes, a bathroom, as well as the number of switches, sockets before conducting electricity.
Next, you can go to the roof and floors. After the erection of the concrete belt on the walls, the beams are laid on top. When building a two-story house, it is better to make the floor from concrete slabs. For the roof, a crate is assembled from metal tiles, slate, corrugated board, ondulin. The materials are inexpensive, but require additional insulation. The last thing you can think about the roof, interior decoration.
Today, designers have a lot of projects and the costs for them are minimal, so you can quickly and easily build a budget house with your own hands with the right approach.
Inside the house is worth showing imagination. The easiest and most acceptable in the installation of drywall, or profile. It is good and practical to use textured putty, texture wallpaper. You can use decorative openings, original arches, put unusual furniture. In fact, it is possible to make a cozy, attractive nest for quite real money, the main thing is that it should be tasteful and with soul, fortunately, relatively inexpensive material on the market allows you to do this.
Consider several ways to build the cheapest houses, fortunately, modern building materials provide such an opportunity today.
Build a budget from foam concrete- the most budget option. Foam concrete surpassed all other materials in terms of characteristics, distinguished itself:
- low weight
- reasonable cost
– quick and easy processing, installation
- high strength throughout years
– relatively high load capacity
- excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics.
Its disadvantages include:
- lack of coolness in the house in summer
- the porous structure of the material, can not do without finishing works
- loss of strength already a few after the construction of the house.
Many technologies for construction came to us from the West. The house of their polystyrene foam blocks will be of high quality and inexpensive. The blocks are already sold with fasteners, which facilitates installation. The weight of the blocks is small, but it is it that allows you to save on transportation, installation, and also on heating, since it is very warm material, not passing cold.
Expanded polystyrene is an environmentally friendly material, it passes air well, the walls in the house will breathe. Expanded polystyrene retains heat well, additional insulation of the house is not required, which will also save a lot of money. The material is unpretentious in installation, labor is not required, it is quite possible to build a budget house with your own hands. Also, this design makes it easy to carry out communications, the material is easily cut with heated wire, special equipment is not required.
Steel structure of a budget house – cheap option. The advantages of steel structures include:
- strength
– material availability
- construction of a safe house in short time
– quick and easy installation
- affordability
– the possibility of creating a unique external exterior of the building
- lightness of the material, the ability to withstand heavy loads.
The disadvantage is considered to be reduced strength and not important sound and heat insulation data. The design will need additional insulating materials.
Steel structures today they are popular among the people, with a competent approach, the house will turn out to be quite budget-friendly, stylish and comfortable.
Brick house - budget. A few years ago, a good, solid brick could hardly be called a cheap material. Today, brick is available for sale, it is considered not only the most durable and heaviest material, but also quite budgetary. Many owners of private houses resort to brick construction, in any case, it is good to attach it, for example, to a garage, a bathhouse, or a veranda.
Brick:
- strong, durable
- affordable
– environmentally friendly
- soundproof.
But it has a number of disadvantages:
- the material is heavy, so the foundation for it must be powerful, solid
- the house is being built for a long time
- the material is difficult to process, which also slows down the entire construction process.
What elements allow you to save on construction.
1. A do-it-yourself house will allow you to save a lot on paying employees. However, some engineering systems, installation work requires a professional competent approach to business, so you never need to save on the quality of the structure. Today there are a lot of specialists in electricity, sewer installation, gas heating, electricity, communication tools, so you can always find good professionals for very little money.
2. You can save money if the land for construction is used most rationally. As a rule, a house built within the city, where there is sewerage, water supply and a telephone line, will cost many times more, but still, you can fully relax only outside the city. In general, a place for a home should be profitable, prestigious. For the construction of, for example, a country house, frame construction will be an excellent option, the house is built quickly, easily and cheaply.
Thanks to the technology of frame construction, it is quite possible to build a house on your own, without resorting to the help of specialists and special equipment. If you take into account all stages of construction, it is reasonable to approach the choice of material, high-quality and inexpensive, then costs can be reduced to a minimum, you can build a budget house for yourself and quite quickly.
We will order the project of such a house to professionals, and according to the drawings we will make our dream come true.
Build a budget house with your own hands it is possible, if competently, according to the project, to outline all the basic principles of the stages of work, take into account all the nuances, get rid of the construction of unnecessary premises that will not bring significant benefits in the future.
Budget house means smart House, therefore, it is quite possible to turn a dream into reality for little money, if you show desire, imagination, skill and ingenuity.
This article is for those who want to significantly save an expense item on the construction of a budget house.
We will tell you how to choose the right project for an inexpensive house for permanent residence, what you can save the family budget on, and what you absolutely cannot save on.
Find out what determines the price of a cheap house, and what materials are best suited for the idea of building your dream home.
Desire to build a budget house
Such a desire drives land owners to save on many things. On the one hand, it is understandable, because the idea is not a joke and requires a significant investment of money.
Warming is carried out using a thick layer of high-quality insulation 100 - 300 mm. In cold regions with very frosty winters, it makes sense to lay load-bearing walls from gas blocks, gas silicate, foam concrete with a density of 600 - 1200 kg / m³, since these materials retain heat quite well.
This will make it possible to insulate the walls with a smaller layer of insulation, but the thickness of the walls needs to be increased.
AT climatic zones with mild and short winters, cheap houses can be built from foam concrete or gas blocks with walls in one layer. log houses or timber, cannot provide good heat retention in the room.
Therefore, such houses need to be insulated, and this, in turn, “kills” at the root the whole idea of the environmental friendliness of wooden housing, and there can be no talk of any “breathing walls”.
It is most profitable to build such houses as summer cottages, for seasonal use. But, those who are ready to pay for heating in double or even triple volume can afford wooden house as permanent residence.
What can not be saved when building a budget house?
Important! Capitalization of the house depends on the thickness of the load-bearing walls. The higher it is, the more reliable the design.
Surely the future owners of private houses wondered, for how long to build a house? So that it will be enough for their lifetime or will the grandchildren still get it?
There is a general service life of the building, and there is up to overhaul. Based on this, the house with a longer service life will cost more.
For capital buildings, materials with a long service life are selected, and they are correspondingly more expensive. Also, building materials with a high level of frost resistance are considered expensive.
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