Learning to grow wisteria in different climatic zones. Video - Planting wisteria

Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis), which is often referred to as "Wisteria" by its generic Latin name, is a climbing plant. tree plants belonging to the legume family. Despite the fact that its homeland is the subtropics of China, most of the nine species of this crop, with proper care and observance of appropriate agricultural practices, can be an adornment of any garden or home garden in areas with temperate climate. At the same time, wisteria, care and cultivation at home for which is quite laborious, will delight gardeners with their long flowering, and its climbing liana-like stems can be a great addition to the facade design of a residential building or a decoration for a country gazebo.

How to grow wisteria in Russia?

Planting wisteria in middle lane Russia can be carried out by cuttings of tree-like shoots or seeds.

When using the first method necessary in early spring cut from annual, well-ripened shoots cuttings 20 - 25 cm long. For rooting, a soil mixture is used, consisting of soddy soil, river sand, humus and peat chips, which are mixed in a ratio of 3:1:1:1. With abundant watering towards the end summer season they take root well and are planted with a lump of soil on permanent place growth.

Growing from seeds more time-consuming and requires certain skills in basic agricultural techniques. Seeds are planted in a greenhouse in autumn, in November or in open ground in early spring. planting soil prepared from four parts of leaf humus and in equal proportions of soddy soil and sand. In order to provide the necessary soil moisture, seed crops are covered plastic wrap. With the germination of seeds and the formation of the first two true leaves, the crops are thinned out. At greenhouse cultivation often use containers in which two or three seeds are placed. Landing on a permanent place is carried out at the end of summer.

At the same time, many gardeners, in order to ensure optimal conditions vegetation, cover the plants with glass jars.

Choosing a place of permanent growth

In order for the plant to normally pass the vegetation stage and have a long flowering time, certain rules must be observed:

This is how wisteria reproduces, the care and cultivation of which at home is possible in any strip of Russia when creating a certain temperature regime for preservation and flowering.

Flowers wisteria (Greek Glicinia - "sweet"), or wisteria (lat. Wisteria), belong to the tree genus climbing plants legume family, growing in subtropical regions and attracting attention with their fragrant, hanging purple inflorescences. Latin name"Wisteria" flower wisteria received in honor of professor of anatomy of the University of Pennsylvania Caspar Wistar. 9 species of the genus Wisteria are known, but how horticultural crops only Chinese wisteria and Japanese wisteria, or profusely flowering, are grown.

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Planting and caring for wisteria (in brief)

• Landing: sowing seeds in the ground - in early spring, for seedlings - in December, planting seedlings in the ground - in May.
• Bloom: from the end of March to the end of summer.
• Lighting: bright sun in the first half of the day, then - diffused light or partial shade.
• The soil: nutritious, well-drained, slightly alkaline.
• Watering: from spring to late summer - moderate: the soil in the near-trunk circle should be slightly damp all the time, and from mid-September, watering is gradually reduced.
• Top dressing: during the growing season once a week alternately with mineral and organic solutions.
• Pruning: in summer, in order to maintain the shape of the bush.
• Reproduction: sometimes by seeds, but more often by layering.
• Pests: clover mites, aphids.
• Diseases: chlorosis.

Read more about growing wisteria below.

Wisteria tree - description

The wisteria plant in nature is a woody deciduous vine with drooping branches, reaching 15-18 meters in height. The leaves of wisteria are imparipinnate, pubescent when young, up to 30 cm long, with the number of leaves from 7 to 13. Fragrant purple, lilac or white flowers are collected in drooping brushes up to 30 cm long. Wisteria blooms in spring, at the end of March and can bloom throughout the summer. The wisteria tree is very much in demand in landscape design, grow it in various forms- both as a creeper wrapping around the walls of a gazebo or a fence frame, and as a standard tree. Wisteria is also grown at home in a container way in the form of a tree, but still homemade wisteria is not as common as garden wisteria, so let's talk about growing wisteria in the garden.

Growing wisteria from seeds

How to grow wisteria from seeds

Wisteria seeds are planted in late November or early December. Wisteria seeds are sown on the surface of a soil mixture consisting of leaf ground(four parts) sod land and sand (one part each), sprinkled on top thin layer sand, sprayed with water from a spray bottle and, having covered the container with glass to create a greenhouse effect, put it in a dark, warm (22-25 ºС) place, keeping the soil slightly moist all the time. Wisteria sprouts from seeds in 3-4 weeks, and after another week and a half, it will be possible to transfer seedlings to the light by organizing protection from direct sunlight. When the seedlings form two leaves, they are dived into separate containers along with a clod of earth on the roots and watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Wisteria seedlings

Seedlings dived into individual containers must be accustomed to the environment in which they will live. To do this, they need to be taken out for a couple of hours a day to an unheated part of the house or kept under an ajar window, provided that there is no draft in the room.

You can sow wisteria seeds directly into the open ground in early spring, then the seedlings grow adapted to the environment and subsequently delight with their endurance.

Planting wisteria

When to plant wisteria

Planting wisteria is done in the spring, when the last frosts have passed. All types of garden wisteria are cold-resistant, but it is better not to expose young plants to the risk of frostbite. Before planting wisteria, it is necessary to determine in which area it will grow better - wisteria is not an annual, and if you are interested in the quality of flowering, then keep in mind that it should be in the sun for half a day, so choose the most sunny and protected from gusts of wind, the soil is nutritious, well-drained and slightly alkaline.

How to plant wisteria

Wisteria seedlings are transplanted into pits 60x60x50 cm in size, having previously been introduced into the soil in the area for digging mineral fertilizers at the rate of 25-30 g per square meter of landing area. Be prepared for the fact that wisteria will not show signs of life for some time - it grows for a long time, and in the first years it forms only long thin shoots. In general, beautiful flowers Wisteria grown from seeds, you can see only after 4-5, or even after 10 years.

Care for wisteria in the garden

How to grow wisteria

From spring to late summer, wisteria requires moderate watering so that the soil underneath is always slightly moist, but never wet. If the spring is without rain, then you will have to water more diligently, because the buds may crumble, and you will not see the flowers for which the plant was planted. From mid-September, watering is gradually reduced. In order for wisteria to bloom on time and abundantly, it is fed once a week during the active growing season, alternating liquid mineral fertilizers (Kemira-lux, for example) with organic ones (mullein infusion in a ratio of 1:20). It is useful to pour wisteria with chalk water once a season (100 g of chalk per bucket of water). When the flowers begin to fade, remove the faded inflorescences. In addition, you will have to cut dry branches, tie up and guide the shoots so that they do not fall and grow in the right direction. Before the onset of winter, you need to high up the rosette, remove the vine from the supports and lay it on trunk circle how to do it with climbing roses, preparing them for wintering, and then sprinkle with dry leaves and cover with spanbond or lutrasil. You can not do all this, but if there is no snow in winter, the wisteria may freeze.

When does wisteria bloom? Chinese wisteria blooms at the age of three, Japanese - at the age of ten, so wisteria is a plant for those who know how to wait. wisteria blooms Chinese varieties from April, with all the buds opening at the same time. Wisteria blooms profusely from May to June. Make sure that there is no excess nitrogen in the soil, otherwise the wisteria will grow green, but will not bloom.

pruning wisteria

Trim the wisteria to stimulate flowering and in order to form the plant. To form a standard tree, one strong shoot is chosen, and the rest are removed. If you are growing wisteria climbing plant, then it is advisable to remove the abundantly growing side shoots so that wisteria does not expend energy on overgrowing greens, but directs them to the formation of buds. Pruning wisteria in spring consists in removing young shoots sticking out so that they do not hide flower clusters from view during flowering with their foliage. In addition, a young lateral annual branch of wisteria can produce an inflorescence this year only if you shorten it to 30 cm. 20 cm. However, try not to get carried away with the process, otherwise you can deprive yourself of the pleasure of seeing lush bloom wisteria.

Propagation of wisteria

We have already described in this article the propagation of wisteria by seed. It is worth adding that many of the germinated and even grown seedlings may never produce flowers - no one knows why this happens. But we have repeatedly told readers that propagation by seeds is unreliable and it is much better to use vegetative methods breeding. Wisteria is most easily propagated by layering. To do this, in the spring choose annual runaway, make an oblique incision in the middle of its length, bend the shoot and lay it with an incision on a pot with a clay-soddy substrate, fix the branch in this position and drop it in, leaving the top of the shoot free. It will be possible to separate the rooted cuttings from the mother plant only next spring.

Various publications write that it is possible to propagate wisteria by cuttings or grafting on the roots, but I don’t know anyone who actually succeeded, but my layering took root.

Pests and diseases of wisteria

Sometimes wisteria is occupied by aphids or clover mites. Aphids are destroyed by an insecticide, and mites by an acaricidal preparation. If wisteria grows in alkaline soil, it can be affected by chlorosis, from which its leaves turn yellow. Used in the fight against disease root top dressing wisteria with iron salts.

Types and varieties of wisteria

Chinese wisteria (Wisteria chinensis)

- densely leafy liana up to 15-20 m in height. The leaves are pinnate, large, at first pubescent, but eventually becoming smooth. Flowers in loose racemes up to 30 cm long, light lilac. The fruit is a bean up to 15 cm long. This species has a garden form with white flowers (f. alba) and a form with double flowers (f. plena).

Wisteria floriferous, or multi-flowered (Wisteria floribunda)

it is also colloquially “Japanese”, since it comes from the Japanese islands - it differs from Chinese in smaller sizes (only 8-10 m in length), larger leaves up to 40 cm in length and the number of leaves up to 19, large quantity inflorescences on the plant, as well as their larger sizes - up to 50 cm in length. The flowers themselves are smaller than those of Chinese wisteria, purple-blue tint, bloom gradually, starting from the base of the brush. This species is more cold-resistant than Chinese wisteria. There are garden forms with white, pink, purple double flowers and a variegated form with variegated leaves.

In addition to these two most popular species, beautiful wisteria (Wisteria venusta), shrub wisteria (Wisteria frutescens) and large wisteria (Wisteria macrostachys) are also known in culture, on the basis of which Blue Moon wisteria was bred by American gardeners from Minnesota, capable of wintering in the garden even without shelters.

Wisteria is an amazingly beautiful tree liana from the legume family. Prefers a subtropical climate favorable conditions blooms profusely and for a long time. In southern countries, the plant is a welcome guest on any personal plot. Most effectively with its help you can decorate arches, high brick walls, gazebos ... Unfortunately, in central Russia, the liana does not feel so comfortable and, as they say knowledgeable grower, blooms more modestly. However, with good care, wisteria can be grown in both the central and northern regions of the country.

Wisteria: appearance features

Deciduous vine grows slowly, but its life expectancy is more than a dozen years. Its stems are treelike, the bark light brown, young shoots pale green. The leaves are large, bright green, pinnate. The leaf can reach a length of 30 cm, usually consists of 7-13 small leaves. The flowers are small, collected in inflorescences-brushes. The color of the petals depends on the type of plant, most often, you can see lilac or purple wisteria, less often white. The flowers exude a delicate aroma that spreads throughout the garden.

Before you start planting and caring for wisteria, you need to choose its type and variety. The most popular 2 types of wisteria:

• Chinese wisteria- a large liana, reaching a height of 20 meters, flowers of a delicate lilac color with a blue tint;
• Wisteria profusely flowering (Japanese)- a more compact plant (length 7–10 m), flowers are small, lilac with blue shades, there are garden forms with pink, bright purple or white petals.

Choosing a place on the site for growing wisteria

The soil on the site should be light, rich nutrients, the composition is neutral or slightly alkaline. A high content of lime in the composition threatens to lose the decorative color of the leaves, they turn noticeably pale. When growing wisteria, one should not forget about drainage, especially if the soil is quite dense and heavy in its natural composition. Stagnation of water in the roots can be detrimental to the plant.

To achieve beautiful and long flowering, you need to allocate an illuminated area for wisteria. It is good if it is under the direct rays of the sun in the first half of the day, or, conversely, in the second. Thus, the ideal place for placement is arches or gazebos facing east or west.

Next to wisteria, daffodils, white tulips, and dark purple hyacinths will look great.

Growing wisteria from seeds

Graceful wisteria - planting and caring for it requires patience. Experts advise beginner gardeners to purchase a seedling, while more experienced gardeners can try to grow seedlings on their own. You can buy a bag of seeds in a large flower shop or order online.

Given the slow growth of the vine, sowing is done in the first half of December. The substrate is selected loose, moisture-permeable, it is better to prepare it yourself from the following components:

• leaf ground - 4 parts,
• sod land - 1 part,
• medium-grained sand - 1 part.

The resulting mixture is filled with a box, at the bottom of which several drainage holes are first made. The substrate is moistened, seeds are sown on the surface in random order, after which they are sprinkled a small amount earth. The top of the box is covered with plastic wrap or ordinary glass. Germination of seeds should take place at a temperature of +21 °C to +25 °C. When sowing Chinese wisteria, a box with a substrate should be kept in complete darkness, for example, in a closet or in a pantry. The first shoots will appear after 20-30 days, and they can be gradually accustomed to the sun. As soon as the plants have a second leaf, they should be thinned out, the strongest specimens should be planted in separate containers.

Residents of the southern regions in early spring can sow seeds immediately in open ground.

Planting a wisteria seedling in the garden

Wisteria seedling - planting and care in the future is not much different from growing others garden plants. Seedlings purchased from a nursery or grown on their own are planted in the garden in the spring, but only after the soil warms up well and the threat of night frost has passed. Still, do not forget that the plant belongs to the heat-loving species.

A landing pit is dug with a size of 60x60x50 cm, where 50 cm is the depth. To increase fertility, compost or humus is added to the soil, acidic compounds are diluted dolomite flour or a small amount of lime. Drainage is laid at the bottom from fragments of ceramics, pieces of brick. Experts recommend adding a complex mineral fertilizer for digging at the rate of 25 grams per 1 m² of land.

When growing wisteria in the northern regions, gardeners prefer not to take risks and keep it as a pot culture. As the seedlings grow, they form stem tree, in the spring summer period put a tub with a plant in the yard or on an open terrace, and for the winter they clean it in a cool room and water it periodically. In order for the vine to successfully overwinter, it is necessary to maintain the air temperature within + 8–10 ° C.

Features of caring for wisteria

Having planted wisteria on the plot, it should be given Special attention. The most important thing is to control the level of soil moisture.

Watering and fertilizing

Experienced gardeners recommend watering the vine more often, but little by little. It is necessary that the soil always remains moderately moist, but in no case damp. It is especially important to prevent the soil from drying out in early spring, at the time of bud formation, due to lack of moisture, they can crumble without opening. With the advent of autumn, watering is gradually reduced. To facilitate the care of wisteria after planting, it is recommended to mulch the near-stem circle with mowed grass or compost. Not only will this keep weeds from growing, but it will also keep the soil moist for a long time.

Starting in spring, vines are fed every 10 days. It is advisable to alternate complex mineral fertilizers and organics, for example, mullein infusion in a ratio of 1:20. Once a season, it is necessary to pour wisteria with water with chalk dissolved in it (100 g of the substance per 12 liters of clean water).

Pruning and sheltering vines for the winter

To enjoy the beauty of blooming wisteria every year, you need to prune twice a year. The first procedure is carried out after the vine has faded. All side branches are shortened, but not more than 2/3 of their original length. The second pruning is carried out in late autumn, after leaf fall. Both old side branches and young shoots are cut off, leaving 4-5 buds.

To the delight of Russian summer residents, several winter-hardy varieties, able to withstand frosts down to -20 ° C, this helps the plant survive the cold, but does not mean that it can winter without shelter. Growing wisteria in central Russia is a responsible step. To protect the root system, the ground around the base of the shrub is covered with a thick layer of mulch (15 cm). You can use peat, compost, dry oak leaves. The overgrown vines are removed from the supports and laid on the ground, while the plant needs to make a litter of spruce branches so that there is no direct contact with cold soil. After laying the wisteria, it is covered with spruce branches, burlap or other suitable material.

Video how to grow wisteria

Wisteria (otherwise it is called Westeria from the Latin word "wisteria") is a climbing plant, tree-like and belonging to the legume family. Outwardly, it looks like a deciduous liana. A perennial plant with inclined branches with leaves from 20 to 28 cm - this is the description of wisteria. Care and cultivation are not difficult, but require some effort.

Description and scope

The plant is known for its incredible flowering in spring period. Especially often it is used for garden decoration. Beauty, grace, tenderness - all this is wisteria. The plant is not capricious, but photophilous. He loves heat, but it is quite possible to grow it in the cold. The most unusual phenomenon is wisteria in Siberia.

Growing a flower in conditions of constant cold in open field- it's complicated. To admire wisteria in the summer in cold areas, it must be grown in pots and large tubs. In order not to lose the plant in the fall, it should be brought into the house, and in the spring put in a blooming garden.

A little to the west of Russia, wisteria will feel much better. Care and cultivation in Ukraine of such a plant will not be difficult. Climatic and soil indicators in this area are very favorable for the flower. Belarus and its soil can also become a wonderful "home" for this beauty.

A rare guest is wisteria in Rostov region. Planting and caring for her in this region of Russia is not yet a very popular activity, but the fashion for her is slowly reaching there.

The most time-consuming process is the cultivation of crops in the northern regions. Growing wisteria in the Urals and Siberia is very difficult and time consuming. It is not always possible to root a plant on the first try and provide enough light and heat. For normal vegetation, light should fall on the vine for about twelve hours a day, which is extremely difficult to achieve in such cold regions. But although wisteria is not a house flower, it is quite possible to grow it at home.

Most popular varieties

When gardeners talk about a plant, they do not mean it alone, but a whole family, consisting of several types and species. Wisteria is no exception and has five varieties:

Planting in a pot

This set of recommendations will suit lovers of home aesthetics, as well as the inhabitants of Siberia, because there the plant most often has to be planted in a pot. To enjoy in summer beautiful flowering, you should follow some landing rules:

It is necessary to remember the rule of the “compressed pot”: the capacity for the plant must be chosen voluminous, but not more than 3 or 4 times larger than the earthen coma of the root system.

Plant propagation

Special attention should be paid to the ability of wisteria to multiply. This is a very important feature because beautiful flower you can propagate yourself. There are several breeding options:

• horizontal layers;
• woody cutting;
• grafting cuttings on the roots;
• seed.

Each type of reproduction requires certain conditions. These conditions are light, heat and water. The simplest and most common type of propagation is cuttings. To do this, you need to take a sharp object (blade or knife) and make an oblique cut of the shoot. With such manipulations, the plant fibers will be less damaged than with a perpendicular cut.

The cut off shoot needs to be given a little time so that the juice from the cut is stacked, and the wound can dry out a little. The main thing is not to overexpose the cut to a state of complete drying, because then such a cutting will not be viable.

Pruning in autumn

Pruning wisteria in autumn is necessary so that trunks that have reached a diameter of 15-20 cm do not become an obstacle to other trees, fruit bushes and hedges in the garden or orchard. Since the plant is creeping and creeping, sometimes various arches and patterned vaults are built for it. Wisteria branches independently or with the assistance of professional gardeners wrap around such structures.

You need to cut off mainly those branches that do not fit with the main decor or simply go beyond the fence. Faded parts of the plant are also subject to cut. In addition, you need to remove branches that do not have leaves and shoots. They have already outlived their usefulness, so they can be safely removed. For better growth and flowering can be pruned single branches.

After pruning, the branch will not be able to grow in length, but numerous side shoots will begin to grow. Highly important feature is that flowering plant you can’t touch it, otherwise it will not bloom next year. Thus, the plant tells us that we do not need to interfere with natural processes. You need to know and take them into account.

Where does wisteria grow? China.

Description.Perennial deciduous vine. The stems curl clockwise or counterclockwise, depending on the species, and can rise to a height of up to 20 m above the ground. One of the attractive features of the plant is the white or light gray bark of the shoots. The leaves are alternate, from 15 to 35 cm long, pinnate, consist of 9 - 19 ovate leaflets with wavy edges 4 - 8 cm long. Flowers with a diameter of about 2.5 cm are collected in hanging large brushes 10 to 80 cm long, purple, pink, blue or white, bloom in spring or mid to late summer. The flowers of some species are very fragrant, open sequentially from the base of the brush to the tip - from top to bottom, flowering occurs on the shoots of the previous year. Blooming wisteria emits a sweet, intense aroma. Seeds are formed in velvety pubescent brown pods 10 - 15 cm long, poisonous.

At good care This vigorous, fast growing vine blooms tirelessly and profusely - about three times a year from spring to autumn.

Varieties:

Wisteria Blue Moon - Wisteria Blue moon

A plant with high resistance to frost - withstands frosts down to -40 ° C, and therefore is suitable for growing in open ground. This subspecies develops very quickly and blooms tirelessly with good care. The flowers are large, very fragrant, pale purple, collected in large, branched inflorescences - brushes, each up to 25 cm long. Flowering occurs up to 3 times a year, a flowering plant quickly fills the room with a unique sweetish aroma. The first flowering often occurs before the leaves appear, and it will also be the most abundant. The leaves are dark green, complex, large - up to 30 cm long.

Height. Up to 20 m in the natural environment, in culture - it is regulated by pruning, it grows quickly.

Wisteria - care and cultivation

Wisteria home - temperature. Normal room temperature is suitable, the plant tolerates short-term frosts. In autumn, the plant sheds foliage, during this period the temperature in the room should be in the range of 6 - 8 ° C.

Lighting at home. Bright lighting promotes abundant and long flowering. Each plant should receive 3 - 4 hours of direct sunlight daily, in the morning and evening hours. In spring and summer, on a hot afternoon, plants need to be shaded.

How to grow wisteria. With an excess nitrogen fertilizers wisteria refuses to bloom. It fixes nitrogen in the root nodules, so mature plants need potassium and phosphorus, but not nitrogen. Wisteria flowers develop in buds at the base of the previous year's growth, so prune side shoots after flowering without regret. If it is necessary to control the size of the plant, the side shoots can be shortened to 20 - 40 cm in mid-summer. when pruning, also remove old and damaged stems. Take out the wisteria Fresh air in the warm season, placing under shelter from the wind, direct sun and rain. Tall shoots may need support to grow.

Wisteria in a pot - soil. Highly hardy plant. It can grow in fairly poor soils, but prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soils with a slightly alkaline pH. Best for drainage broken brick- it will give the pot stability.

top dressing. Monthly during the growing season with fertilizers with a low nitrogen content.

Purpose. Can be grown as a stunning flowering bonsai.

When does wisteria bloom?. From spring to autumn. Only adult plants bloom between the ages of 6 and 20 years and only with the most careful care.

Air humidity.Spray periodically or place near the plant room humidifier. You can also use a tray of wet pebbles to increase the humidity, but make sure the bottom of the pot does not come into direct contact with water.

Growing conditions for wisteria - watering. Needs to in large numbers water when in bloom. AT winter period dormant watering is reduced.

Room wisteria transplant. Annually in the spring as it grows into larger pots. For landing, pick up a shallow and wide container - root system the wisteria is small, and in addition, the plant is able to turn over a tall and light pot. Wisteria does not like damage to the root system - try to transfer plants without destroying the earthy coma. For large tub specimens, replace upper layer soil thickness of 5 - 7 cm fresh every year, in the spring.

Wisteria reproduction, planting. Propagated by cuttings or seeds. However, plants grown from seed will take a long time to flower. For this reason, flower growers prefer plants obtained from cuttings or by grafting - they bloom at the age of 4 - 5 years. Cuttings do not always take root. It is also possible to propagate by layering branches. Wisteria seeds are pre-soaked for several days in gauze moistened with water. room temperature and sown to a depth of about 1 cm in loose and nutritious soil. Crops are covered with glass or transparent plastic on top to maintain moisture, germination occurs within a month at a temperature of 22 - 25 ° C. Seedlings from time to time ventilate and remove condensate from the cap. Plants derived from seeds may not have all positive qualities parent plants.

Pests and diseases.leaf spots, viral diseases, aphids, worms. powdery mildew appears when kept in a cool and wet room without sufficient air movement. The leaf blades turn yellow, and the veins remain green; if the plant has chlorosis, add iron chelate to the water for irrigation. Wisteria does not bloom in the absence of a dormant period in coolness. Plants rot when moisture stagnates at the roots.

Note. All parts of the plant are toxic if ingested and can cause dizziness, speech problems, nausea and vomiting, and abdominal pain. Interestingly, the stems of Chinese wisteria curl counterclockwise, and the stems of Japanese wisteria curl in the course of its movement. Wisteria is a well-known long-liver, in the natural environment there are plants whose age is estimated at 250 years. A dye is obtained from the flowers of the shrub, which is used to dye fabrics.

Hydroponics.

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