How to grow a good crop of cabbage in the open field. Selection of varieties suitable for outdoor cultivation

Many believe that cabbage care is needed only at the initial stage of cultivation, and then it develops on its own. Probably, such rumors are spread by those who have never grown this plant themselves, because a slight change in the conditions for growing cabbage in the open field can lead to crop loss. Even with all the advantages of cabbage as a plant, there are enough factors that can negatively affect its development. In this article, we will talk about the features of growing cabbage in the open field, share useful tips that can be useful in gardening.

Varieties for open ground

First of all, you need to understand what is different types cabbage: white, red, Brussels sprouts, Beijing, cauliflower. In our area, in the open field, they grow mainly white-headed, less often red-headed.

The most popular varieties: Gribovsky 147, No. 1 polar K-206 (early-ripening varieties), Transfer, F Sprint, F Rinda, Zolotoy hectare, Stakhanovka (mid-ripening and mid-late varieties) Galaxy, Kolobok, Gade (late varieties). These varieties can also be grown in greenhouses, but they are best suited for outdoor cultivation.

General rules for growing outdoors

As already noted, growing cabbage in the open field is not as easy as it seems. Even if she is surrounded by the same care as the seedlings in the greenhouse, all the same, more dangers await her here, from which she should be protected. There is a high probability of occurrence of various diseases, pests. You also need to monitor the soil moisture, because deviations from the norm in any direction can lead to unpleasant consequences. A lot depends on the area.

Firstly, it should not be shaded, as cabbage is a light-loving crop. Secondly, you need to take into account the crops that grew before: it is undesirable to plant cabbage after radishes, turnips, tomatoes, beets. This is primarily due to the nutrients that these crops “suck out” from the soil, and after them, “enhanced” diseases that pose a danger to cabbage can also remain on the site. It is better to choose areas for cabbage where potatoes, cucumbers, cereals, and legumes were previously grown.

It is important to remember that acidic soil is not suitable for growing cabbage in the open field, in which case, be sure to lim it.

Sowing and seed care

If you decide to grow cabbage from seeds, then your first actions should depend on which seeds you decide to use: bought in a store or obtained by your own labor. Before sowing your own seeds, they must be prepared: first, hold them for some time, no more than 20 minutes, in hot water (the water temperature should be about 50 ° C), immediately after that send them for a couple of minutes in cold water, and at the end completely dry .

It is not necessary to do this with purchased seeds, since almost all manufacturers carry out pre-processing seeds. A similar procedure is done immediately before sowing: the seed is soaked and kept for a day at a cold temperature - such hardening contributes to the early germination and resistance of the seeds. In the future, such seedlings in open ground will be able to withstand frosts of 5-7 ° C, while unhardened ones will not withstand more than two or three.

For growing seedlings from seeds, exclusively loose soil is used, as a rule, with a large admixture of peat. There is a picking method, when the seedlings are moved to individual containers, there is no picking. But regardless, there are general rules for caring for seedlings. Cabbage needs moderate watering: with a lack, it begins to dry out, grow weakly, and if you pour it in, oxygen will stop flowing to the roots, rotting will begin, and other diseases are possible.

It is necessary to observe both light and temperature conditions. low light or heat entail stretching seedlings, the same result will be with dense sowing. It is also recommended to frequently ventilate the room with seedlings.

It is important to remember that the first 2 weeks the cabbage will grow slowly, and the first pair of leaves will appear in about 20-25 days.

Landing in the ground

It is worth planting only strong seedlings, which have already acquired a dark green color, have 4-5 leaves. The place for planting is marked out as follows: the distance between plants should be about half a meter, that is, the holes are knocked out after 50-60 cm each, and the rows should be separated by a distance of about 70-80 cm.

In addition to watering the holes before planting, you also need to add fertilizer there - compost, they also add wood ash mixed with the ground, then water it again. It is important to ensure that the growth point is not covered.

Care

After you have planted the seedlings and it has taken root, you can breathe a little - half the work is done, but in no case should you stop caring for the plants. You need to continue to water the plants 2-3 times a week, later you can already switch to a one-time abundant watering for a week. Experienced gardeners recommend sprinkling watering, so the air is also saturated with moisture. At least once every two weeks, it is desirable to loosen the ground near the plant.

Try to deal with pests as effectively as possible (today there are enough chemicals, designed to combat certain diseases, insects, you can also resort to folk methods).

Feeding needs to be done several times. The first is about two weeks after landing in a new place - they usually make phosphate fertilizer, manure, chicken manure. The second top dressing should take place in another 2 weeks, the same components are introduced, potash mixtures can be finished off, further dressings are made if necessary.

Given the cold resistance of cabbage, it can be safely cut even after frost, early ripe varieties, of course, earlier. Here you need to accurately choose the time, because if you harvest earlier, the vegetables may begin to wither, if you miss the moment, cracks in the heads are inevitable.

A video that is designed to teach beginner gardeners to avoid annoying mistakes in the process of growing cabbage in their summer cottage.

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Transplanting cabbage seedlings in open ground - initial care

We transplant seedlings of white cabbage into open ground without loss - feeding and care

Seedlings white cabbage It didn’t take long to “sit out” in the house, because it’s not far off the time to land on a permanent place. Let's figure out how to do it right.

Family: Cabbage

Cycle: A biennial plant, in the first year it forms a powerful bud-head weighing 400-500 g early cabbage and up to 10-12 kg and more in later varieties

Vegetation: In early varieties - 70-130 days, medium - 125-175, late - 153-245

Crop rotation: Good predecessors are cucumbers, onions. tomatoes, potatoes, legumes, beets, pumpkin, perennial herbs; bad - other cruciferous

Read more: Compatibility and alternation of vegetables

For cabbage, choose flat, well-warmed areas by the sun. For seedlings of early varieties, since autumn, 5-6 kg of rotted manure, 12-15 g of potassium chloride, 30-40 g of superphosphate and 25-30 g of ammonium nitrate are applied per 1 sq.m. For medium and late-ripening - 5-10 kg of manure, 10-12 g of phosphorus and 20-25 g of potassium, and in the spring before planting - 10-12 g of nitrogen per 1 sq.m.

Preparing for planting seedlings of cabbage

Three main points can be distinguished. Firstly, a week before planting, the seedlings are transferred to a greenhouse or exposed to the sun for 3-4 hours every day. Secondly, they reduce watering from daily to 1 time in 2-3 days, and do not water at all the day before planting (so that the seedlings do not break on the road and it is easier to remove them from the pot, and if they are watered, then the plants are transported by laying on their side ). Thirdly, 1.5-2 weeks before planting, seedlings are fed with potassium (4-6 g of potassium sulfate per 1 liter of water), which increases the cold resistance of plants.

If there is a risk of pests on the site (for example, aphids), then 2-3 days before planting, the seedlings are watered with Aktara's solution (0.3 g per 1 liter of water).

FACT: planting cabbage seedlings is best in the morning or evening, when there is no direct sunlight. Cloudy weather or even light rain is ideal.

Market for cabbage seedlings

If you buy cabbage seedlings, pay attention to their appearance. The plant must have at least 3 true leaves, be stocky, i.e. not elongated, have no kinks, injuries, etc. Pay special attention to the roots: their length should be at least a third of the aerial part, the roots should not have thickenings, rot or other signs of disease.

Planting seedlings of cabbage

Seedlings of early cabbage at the age of 60 days are planted in open ground in late April - early May, when the soil warms up to + 8 ... + 10 degrees. The planting pattern depends on the expected size of the head of cabbage - a child of 45 × 20-25 cm (cabbage with conical heads of cabbage can be planted more often). The seedlings of cabbage seedlings of medium and late ripening varieties should not exceed 35 * nee, otherwise the survival rate will decrease. Plants are pulled out in the middle to the end of the bark according to the scheme 70 × 30-40 cm. Contrary to popular belief, it is not worth deepening the cabbage: this leads to poor ventilation under the lower leaves, accumulation of excess moisture and disease damage.

It is more correct to plant it so that a third of the height of the cup (when removing the seedlings from the pot, the soil in which it grew retains the shape of the vessel) is above the soil level. Only heavily overgrown seedlings can be deepened a little.

After planting, the plants are watered at the rate of 3-5 l / sq.m. To protect against frost, the bed is covered with a white spunbond. In addition to warming, it protects the soil from drying out, does not allow pests to penetrate to plants. Cabbage is opened a day after the daytime temperature rises to + 18 ... + 20 degrees.

Planted seedling care

At first, cabbage is watered sparingly. Weeded from weeds.

Various pests (fleas, cabbage fly, aphids, whitefly, etc.) are of great danger. Fight them by chemical means, alternating preparations of different groups, so as not to be addictive in insects (for example, Decis, BI-58 New, Karate or Aktara).

Feeding young cabbage

In the initial stages of growth, cabbage requires a lot of nitrogen, and during the formation of a head of cabbage - phosphorus and potassium. The beginning of top dressing is usually combined with the first hilling of the plant and watering: early varieties- 10-14 days after planting; late - after 20-30 days. The second and subsequent do 20 days after the previous one.

For the first time, cabbage is fed with ammonium nitrate (5 g / l of water) or infusion of mullein (1:5) or bird droppings (1:10), 1-1.5 liters per plant. The second top dressing is with a mixture of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate and potassium chloride (1:2:1) at the rate of 40-60 g / sq.m, as well as nitrophoska in the same dose. In the future, if the plants are underdeveloped, a mixture of superphosphate and potassium chloride (2: 1) or wood ash (30 g around the plant) is added.

Tip: Due to the waxy coating on the leaves, the solutions used to treat cabbage from diseases and pests often roll to the ground. To avoid this, you can add an adhesive: a special one from the store or liquid soap, shampoo (1 tsp per 10 liters of composition).

See also: Cultivation of white cabbage - planting and care

Cabbage without seedlings

In the middle lane in open ground, the seeds of early cabbage are sown in early April, late - in the first decade of May. In the southern regions, late-ripening cabbage varieties are sown in the first and second decades of May, mid-season - in late April - early and second decade of May. Seeds are sown quite densely immediately on the bed according to the scheme 10-15 × 70 cm to a depth of 1-1.5 cm, the soil is immediately shed and then the site is covered with spunbond.

Cabbage sprouts will be able to fight for life only after a month, when they form 3-4 true leaves. Until this time comes, they will have to be looked after especially carefully: regularly weed weeds, because young shoots are not able to compete with them, process them from cruciferous fleas and other pests. In the phase of 4-6 true leaves, the cabbage is thinned out, leaving 40-50 cm between neighboring plants in a row. You should not do this before: after all, only by this age it will become clear whether the plant is affected by a club or black leg or not.

Cabbage: benefits

Cabbage leaves contain minerals, organic acids, enzymes, vitamins B, C, PP, K, E, U, dietary fiber, biologically active substances, as well as 16 amino acids that inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria in the human body.

Cabbage improves digestion, metabolism, removes bad cholesterol.

It is rich in potassium salts, which prevents fluid retention in the body.

Fresh cabbage juice is prescribed to drink 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals with an ulcer: starting with 0.5 tbsp. and gradually increasing the single dose to 1 tbsp. (do not add salt). The course of treatment is 3-4 weeks.

Choosing the best variety of cabbage

Name	Peculiarities	Description
Gribovskiy 147	Early maturing variety. Easily withstands both low temperatures and drought. On the acidic soils strikes a keel	Heads are rounded, weighing t 1-1.5 kg, medium density
Glory 1305	Mid-season productive, adapted to different climatic conditions, one of the best pickling varieties. Cold-resistant, moisture-loving, resistant to cracking, heads of cabbage are stored until January	Heads are round, 15-25 cm in diameter, juicy, medium density, weight 2.4-4.5 kg
Moscow Late 15	Late grade, average transportability. Not-suitable for winter storage, but it is one of the best varieties for fermentation. Demanding on fertility and moisture	Heads are rounded, average weight - 4-6 kg

On a note:

lacy cabbage

Delicate corrugated leaves of Savoy cabbage do not have coarse veins, it is juicier and more nutritious than white cabbage. You can eat it both fresh and boiled, but most of all I like it stewed, because when cooked, Savoy does not emit the smell inherent in all cabbages. It is especially good to make cabbage rolls out of it: the leaves are easily separated from the head and do not tear.

I have not seen Savoy cabbage seedlings for sale, so I grow it myself. Since it is quite cold-resistant and the seeds begin to germinate at + 3 degrees, I sow them in mid-April in a sunny area with fertile soil, then transplant them to a permanent place.

Savoy cabbage is even easier to care for than white cabbage: it is resistant to leaf-eating pests, and its ripened heads of late varieties endure light frosts.

I cut the savoy of early varieties along with the covering leaves, when the heads of cabbage reach sufficient density, I don’t delay the harvesting - the forks may crack. We eat the harvest of early varieties in the summer, because it is not subject to storage, we keep the late ones in the cellar for up to three months, laying them out in one row on racks or in boxes.

plant kohlrabi

Experienced gardeners grow kohlrabi throughout the summer, removing 2-3 waves of this cabbage from one garden bed. Now is the time to take care of the early harvest of the vegetable - 30-40-day-old kohlrabi seedlings are planted in the ground at the same time as early white cabbage. Planting pattern - 25-30 cm between plants and 45-60 cm between rows.

Kohlrabi can be used as a compactor (it is placed next to late-ripening vegetables), as well as a culture for re-sowing after harvesting green plants or early vegetables: onions, radishes. In these cases, kohlrabi is grown both in seedlings and without seedlings. The vegetable is eaten in salads, stewed and baked. They store stalks, as well as white cabbage or table beets.

See also: Kohlrabi cabbage (photo) - cultivation and varieties

Our reference

In hot summers, kohlrabi should be well watered. Drought inhibits growth - and then the stem crop does not form or grows small, coarse and tasteless. However, from a sharp abundant watering, kohlrabi can crack!

Cabbage seedlings love coolness and a mandatory drop in temperature at night.

For cabbage, completely Spartan conditions are required (15-17 ° during the day, 8-10 ° at night), for cauliflower and Brussels sprouts - softer (17-20 ° during the day, 20-15 ° at night). In the round-the-clock warmth of the apartment, soon after germination, it will become pale, stretch out and lie down. If circumstances force you to prepare seedlings in the city, then it is better to keep it on a balcony, loggia, in some cool place.

Usually cabbage is sown in small outdoor greenhouses, covered with glass or film at night. You can sow seedlings in unheated greenhouses, just in time for planting peppers and tomatoes in them, cabbage can be transferred to a permanent place. Cabbage should be planted in the ground when the earth warms up well. There is a reliable folk method for determining the timing of landing. If you can sit on the ground without bedding, then the vegetables will be comfortable. If the body feels deep cold, then the plants will suffer.

Why do we need seedlings?

Although cabbage manages to go through a full season during the season life cycle, without growing seedlings is still indispensable. Why? The fact is that adult cabbage plants require a lot of space for nutrition. The scope of the rosette of leaves of some varieties can reach 1 m. Even medium-sized varieties of kale should be placed at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. Sowing seeds in a permanent place at such a distance is irrational. Therefore, cabbage is first sown and grown in nurseries.

Preparing the land

The soil for the nursery should be nutritious and loose. Special frills are not required: it is necessary to mix in equal parts sod land and humus, add a little wood ash. Part of the humus can be replaced with peat, biohumus, rotted sawdust. If the soil is too dense, you can add a little sand for looseness. You can not take land from the beds where cabbage and other cruciferous plants (rutabaga, radishes, turnips, mustard) grew last year. The day before sowing, water the earth with a solution of potassium permanganate to prevent rot.

SOIL FOR Cabbage seedlings

1. Humus. 1 part
2. Ash, 1 cup per bucket of soil
3. Sod land, part 1

Baby food

Cabbage seedlings need at least 2 top dressings: at the age of 2 weeks and a few days before planting in the ground. For the first feeding in 1 liter of water, 1 tsp must be dissolved. ammonium nitrate and superphosphate. In order not to burn the roots, the plants must first be watered with clean water, only then with a fertilizer solution. For the second top dressing, an infusion of manure with the addition of ash is perfect. Between top dressing, you can powder the seedlings with ash - this will also be the prevention of the black leg.

Seeds, let's go!

Before sowing, it is better to process the seeds to increase their resistance to fungal diseases. Seeds for 15-20 min. immersed in water - about 50 °, and then for 5 minutes. placed in cold. It is impossible to process coated seeds in this way! The soil must be watered before sowing and then it is better not to water until the emergence of seedlings. Germination of cabbage seeds is usually good, the seeds are not too small, so you can immediately sow at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. If the seedlings are thick, they must be thinned out. Whether to carry out a pick - there is no single answer here.

If at first sowing was carried out in boxes, then it is better to pick 2-week-old seedlings into pots. When sowing in greenhouses, you can limit yourself to thinning seedlings.

Moving to the garden

A 40-day-old seedling with 2 true leaves is usually planted in a permanent place. In extreme cases, the presence of 3-4 leaves is acceptable, a later transplant leads to a strong developmental delay, heads of cabbage may not form at all. If the weather is unfavorable, it is better to plant seedlings under temporary shelter than to delay transplanting.

Excellent individual cabbage houses are obtained from 5-liter plastic water bottles. The bottom of the bottle is cut off and placed upside down over the plant. On cold nights, you can screw on the lids. Such caps additionally protect seedlings from leaf-eating insects.

© Aleksey SOBOLEV, Ph.D. agricultural sciences, Sergey BARSUKOV, Ph.D. Agricultural Sciences., Vera Prokopalova, p. Nina Stavropol Territory

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How to grow cabbage

Summer residents can be envied in a good way: people rest and work on their plot of land, usefully spending their free time. While others sit in concrete boxes city ​​apartments, the happy owner of the dacha breathes fresh air, works with the earth, which eventually answers him with gratitude in the form of a rich harvest.

Cabbage seeds should be kept for 15-20 minutes in water, the temperature of which is approximately 50 degrees, and then put in cold water.

Summer cottages flaunt neat rows of beds with cultivated plants, however, the beds with large, strong heads of cabbage heads are probably the most impressive. Luxurious appearance of cabbage plus knowledge of its incredible useful properties cause a desire to grow this vegetable in their own area. And it turns out it's not hard at all!

number one european vegetable

Cultivation of cabbage is an occupation, familiar to people even ancient Rome. This vegetable, which originally grew as a wild culture in the Mediterranean, has been cultivated since the distant times of the great Roman emperors and generals. And all because even then its beneficial, positive influence on the state of human health was noticed.

Early and late boarding cabbage.

Cabbage was supposed to be used not only as food, but also as medicine: insomnia, deafness, migraines and even signs of stomach ulcers were treated with this vegetable crop. Such statements are not unfounded: even the well-known thinker Pythagoras noted that cabbage has wonderful properties of maintaining the vigor of the body and spirit. By the way, the name of cabbage, most likely, came from the ancient Roman word "kaput", which meant "head".

Cabbage heads were highly valued in Ancient Greece: written sources with instructions on how to grow cabbage and how to care for it have been preserved. The treatment of many diseases, as well as strengthening the immune system with cabbage, was recommended by Hippocrates, a Greek healer, whose advice is still relevant and accurate.

No wonder the cabbage is still in Ancient Rome called the first among vegetables. It's really incredible useful culture, and this has already been proven by modern scientists: low calorie content and high content useful substances and vitamins make cabbage attractive to so many people. Those who want to lose weight without harm to health, who follow a diet for medical reasons, want to defeat vitamin deficiency or just keep the body in good shape and excellent condition, simply must pay special attention to cabbage and dishes with it.

But there are also many types of this vegetable: red and white cabbage, Brussels sprouts, Beijing, Savoy, cauliflower, kohlrabi, broccoli ... It is clear that the cabbage diet will not seem boring and monotonous: there are very, very many dishes from white cabbage alone.

And the benefits will be really impressive, because cabbage is in the same place with citrus fruits only in terms of the content of vitamin C!

Pledge of a rich harvest

Cabbage picking scheme: 1. Correct, 2,3,4. Incorrect (2. The root is bent, 3. The root is not in contact with the soil, 4. The seedling is dived finely).

To grow in the country such healthy vegetable, must be adhered to simple rules. Firstly, the soil before planting cabbage must be well cultivated. Ideally, the precursors should be new potatoes, onions, cucumbers or peas. And for late varieties of cabbage, fertile soils cultivated with herbs (annual and perennial) may also be suitable.

Growing a good crop is also facilitated by preliminary soil preparation in the fall - hilling and fertilizing with compost. Plus, before planting cabbage in the spring, the beds are carefully dug up, choosing in advance for them the most optimal place, well lit (heads of cabbage do not develop well in constant shade), with well-moistened soil. Ideally, the air should also be humid, and the optimum temperature is + 17- + 20 degrees Celsius.

Growing cabbage becomes easy and rewarding when strong seedlings was correctly placed in the ground, the earth was tightly pressed near it and subsequently often loosened. Whoever has a dacha located on low plots of land can expect good growth of cabbage. It is only important to ensure that water does not stagnate in the soil.

planting cabbage

When the general information about a process such as growing cabbage has been studied, you can proceed to the planting process itself.

The scheme of planting cabbage.

This will require:

• cabbage seeds;
• soil mixture (peat or soddy soil plus ash and humus);
• seedling trays;
• pots, cassettes or plastic cups for picking seedlings;
• fertilizer for top dressing;
• watering can for watering;
• weeding tools (for example, a small hoe).

After purchasing cabbage seeds, it is worth holding them in water, the temperature of which is about 50 degrees Celsius. Let the seeds lie in it and warm up for 15-20 minutes, and then you need to transfer them to cold water for five minutes. Such a kind of "hardening" will certainly give its results: cabbage will be much more resistant to fungal diseases.

Next, the seeds are dried to a state of flowability, and at this time it is necessary to prepare the soil in special trays. Of course, for growing seedlings it is better to prepare soil mixture back in the fall, but if for some reason this was not done, you should not be upset. You need to mix equal amounts of humus with the selected type of soil (for example, soddy soil), and then add a small amount of ash. Ash plays the role of an additional source of nutrients and protection against diseases of cabbage seedlings. All of this mixture should be well mixed and placed in trays.

Then in the prepared wells, watered warm water seeds are sown. If you need to have fresh cabbages in the country in June-July, seeds for seedlings should be sown in March. Mid-season varieties can be planted from the end of March to the twentieth of April, and late varieties of cabbage are sown on seedlings in April, up to its last days.

The scheme of the film shelter of cabbage.

It is important to observe the temperature and light conditions so that the cultivation of cabbage does not turn into a struggle for every healthy seedling. Saplings that grow on the windowsill of a country house need to be illuminated with an ordinary lamp. Sprouts need light up to 15 hours a day! The temperature during the day should be on average plus 17, and at night - plus 10 degrees Celsius. We must not forget about feeding young seedlings: first you need to water them so that the stems do not burn with a nutrient solution, and then add fertilizer.

When the cabbage seedlings have grown stronger, they can be dived into separate cups or cassettes. The main rule: you can not use the soil from the garden where cabbage has already grown. This threatens to transfer plant pathogens to young seedlings.

10 days before planting seedlings in open ground, they can be hardened off by opening a window in the summer cottage where the seedling cassettes are. First for a couple of hours, and then all night.

Before you start growing cabbage in the open ground of the garden, you need to make sure that the soil is prepared, fertilized, well watered, and the seedlings have at least four full leaves.

A useful tip for those who want to know how to grow cabbage in the country: early varieties can be planted in the garden from April 25th. Mid-season varieties are recommended to be placed in the ground in mid-May, and late-ripening varieties - at the end of the last spring month.

Experienced summer residents advise planting seedlings not in sunny weather. Ideally, the time should be approaching evening and the weather should be cloudy. Yes, and in the early days it is better to create artificial shading for cabbage seedlings.

Proper Care

Growing cabbage involves not only competent planting, but also caring for the crop. Cabbage loves moisture. On hot days, it must be watered, and plentifully. If you do not water the cabbage for a long time, and then give a lot of water at once, the heads of cabbage will be prone to cracking. Water for irrigation should be warm, it should be supplied in the morning or evening at least 1 time per week, and especially plentifully during the tying of heads. So that aphids and snails do not harm the cabbage, it is advised to sprinkle heads of cabbage and the ground next to them with ash (wood).

If weeds are removed in time, weeding the ridges and aisles, watering and feeding the plant, the cultivation of cabbage will bring its abundant fruits. This vegetable is good because early-ripening varieties will delight you with crispy heads of cabbage in the summer, and late-ripening ones are ideal for pickling or long-term storage until the next season. And not one useful element at this time, it is not lost, and the head of cabbage retains its fresh appearance and pleasant taste.

VseoTeplicah.ru

How to grow cabbage in an open home garden: cooking, planting and caring for plants - Agronomy.com

How to grow cabbage in an open home garden: cooking, planting and caring for plants

Cabbage dishes are an adornment of many national cuisines.

The reason for this popularity lies in the unusually wide regionalization of this plant, as well as in the beneficial properties that it possesses.

With all this, growing cabbage is a fairly simple process that will not be difficult for either experienced gardeners or novice amateurs.

In any case, we are going to devote this article to all the features of the process of preparing, planting and caring for cabbage, revealing all the secrets of the most successful professionals.

Also, we will introduce you to some varieties of this plant, and teach you to understand the main criteria by which these varieties differ from each other.

How to properly prepare for planting cabbage: we share the secrets of experienced gardeners and agronomists

Planting cabbage includes many aspects, among which a very important place is occupied by choosing a good place for planting, preparing both soil and seeds for planting. However, do not be intimidated by such a large list - we will reveal all these questions to you in great detail and simply, making you an experienced gardener at a theoretical level.

We select good conditions for the growth of cabbage and get acquainted with other features necessary for this plant

Turning to the features of growing this plant, one cannot help but dwell on distinguishing features cabbage itself, which must be taken into account when propagating it.

The great advantage of cabbage is its good resistance to low temperatures, which is very important when considering the long growing season of this plant.

In particular, even early varieties, when planted in open ground without seedlings, continue their vegetation for 90-120 days. It is for this reason that planting cabbage in open ground without using seedlings, which we want to tell you about, is not a particularly common method, since it is absolutely impossible to use it in the middle latitude and northern regions.

Given the light-loving nature of this plant, it can only be planted on well-lit beds that are not shaded for almost the entire daylight hours. The optimal amount of light time required for cabbage to develop fully is 13 hours.

You should also be aware that cabbage is biennial plant. In the first year, a head ripens directly from seeds or seedlings, which is intended for human consumption. In the second year, a peduncle grows from the resulting head, from which it will be possible to collect seeds closer to the end of summer.

Preparing the soil for planting cabbage: how to loosen and fertilize?

Before you prepare the soil, it must be chosen correctly. Of course, with the help of fertilizers it is possible to improve the fertility of any type of soil, but it is preferable to plant cabbage on structured and with a high level of natural fertility.

A good option are loams, which contain a large amount of humus. Due to this, moisture is much better and longer contained in the soil, nourishing the root system of the plant. Another important requirement for soil characteristics is the absence of acidity or a very low level of this indicator.

It is ideal that plants such as cucumbers, onions, various root crops, legumes or cereals be the predecessors of cabbage in the garden. After the growth of such plants, many of the nutrients that cabbage needs for successful growth and head formation remain in the soil.

It is important to know that it is impossible to plant cabbage on the same bed for more than 2-3 years in a row. It is better to let the soil rest under other plants for 4 years.

Soil preparation for sowing cabbage seeds should be done from the beginning of spring. At this time, it needs to be dug deep enough, saturating it with the necessary oxygen. In the garden, not very wide beds should be made, about 1 meter.

If your garden is located in a place where water rises to the surface, it is very important to dig deep grooves around the bed.

From fertilizers should be applied to the soil (based on the area of ​​​​the beds in 1m2):

• About 1-1.5 buckets (10-15 liters) of humus that managed to rest. It's also good to use compost.
• Superphosphate in the amount of 2 tablespoons.
• 1 tablespoon potassium sulfate.
• If possible, you can also add 2 tablespoons of complex fertilizer to the soil.

The most popular varieties of cabbage and their differences

All varieties and hybrids of cabbage are divided into 5 main groups, the main criterion for which is the ripening time of heads. At the same time, the difference in ripening of the earliest and latest varieties can be 50-70 days.

1. A group of early ripe varieties of cabbage. Vegetation lasts for 105-120 days, heads of cabbage ripen at the beginning of summer.

The main use of such cabbage is the use directly in fresh. Such cabbage is absolutely unsuitable for pickling or storage for winter period. These include: "June" (heads of up to 1 kilogram), "Golden Hectare" (5-8.5 kilograms of crop per 1 m2), "Ditmarscher" (mass of heads of about 2.5 kilograms), "Gift" (from the square 1m2 harvest from 6 to 10 kilograms of cabbage heads).

• Medium-early varieties of cabbage. They ripen about 10 days later than the early ones. Such cabbage is usually used fresh in autumn, it can also be fermented, but only in order to be eaten immediately (good taste qualities keeps only for 2-3 months)

The most popular varieties in this group are Stakhanovka (heads of cabbage reach 1.5-2.5 kilograms in weight), Langedeikererle (very large and dense heads of cabbage, weighing up to 5 kilograms), F1 Metino (3 kilograms heads of cabbage that do not lend themselves to cracking).

• Mid-ripening cabbage - ripens within 131-145 days from the moment of sowing the seeds. These varieties are more aimed at long-term storage, good for fermentation.

It is worth paying your attention to the Slava 1305 variety, which has very large and dense heads of cabbage. white color weighing up to 5 kilograms, as well as "Slava Gribovskaya 231" with almost the same large heads of cabbage.

• Cabbage varieties belonging to the middle-late ones have the widest economic purpose, although it takes a long time to wait for their ripening - 146-160 days.

Heads of such cabbage have just perfect keeping quality if stored in a dry and cool place. “Harvest” (the weight of heads of cabbage ranges from 2.9 to 4.5 kilograms) and “Final” (a stable harvest of up to 50 tons per 1 hectare) are very popular.

• Late-ripening varieties of cabbage. Although the safety of the crop of this group of varieties is at the highest level, however, due to the long ripening period (from 161 to 185 days), in many regions it can freeze slightly.

Such is the cabbage "Bagaevskaya" (a head of cabbage up to 5 kilograms), "Valentina F1" (the yield of an area of ​​​​1m2 is 8 kilograms), "The Wizard F1" (fruits are 2.5-3.5 kilograms).

Only early varieties can be sown in open ground, late ones only under a film.

How to prepare seeds for planting in open ground

In order to improve the resistance of seeds and future plants, they are treated with hot water.

To do this, cabbage seeds are poured with water at a temperature of 40-45ºС for 15 minutes, and then they are put into cold water for several minutes.

Also, it is very important to keep them in a nutrient solution from any mineral fertilizers for at least 12 hours.

In order for the seeds to harden, they still need to be sent for a day to a cold place with a temperature of 1-2ºС, after washing in cold water. Such a room can be either a basement or a refrigerator.

Landing features: main stages and rules

In order for the head of cabbage to have time to form and mature well, seeds and seedlings must be sown and planted at a clearly defined time. Otherwise, the plant will get sick, develop poorly, and the harvest will not be at all what you expected from the variety you have chosen.

When can cabbage seeds be sown in open ground?

You should not start sowing very early, because spring frosts can deprive you of seedlings. It is best to sow the seeds after the first of May, although in the southern regions this can be done after the first of April, or even in early March.

Thus, even when planting cabbage with seeds in open ground, early varieties of cabbage will be able to produce a crop by July 20-August. It’s also not worth delaying this matter, because in August, after 20-30 days, the first autumn frosts can begin, which can greatly harm the already almost ripened, but not stable, crop.

Also, sowing seed of cabbage, especially early varieties, can be carried out not at the same time. By making a gap of 2-3 days between crops, you will also stretch the ripening time of the crop.

The scheme of sowing seeds and planting cabbage seedlings

Sowing cabbage seeds in the ground is carried out in grooves specially prepared for this with a depth of 1 centimeter, and a distance between them of 3-4 centimeters. seeds before these very it is important to dry so that they do not stick to the hands, because the seeds are laid out in the grooves one at a time at a distance of 1 centimeter.

The soil is then lightly tamped. With good weather, seedlings will be visible in a week. When the plants reach such a size that they begin to interfere with each other, they need to be seated.

When planting seedlings of early varieties of cabbage, the space between two rows of plants should be at least 40-45 centimeters. But in the rows between two plants there will be enough distance of 20-25 centimeters.

For late varieties, the planting pattern will be significantly different. In particular, the row spacing will be from 50 to 60 centimeters, and the space between two cabbages will be at least 30 centimeters.

How to provide cabbage with the necessary care: the most important instructions

Unfortunately, cabbage without regular care is not able to grow. Running it up to the state wild plant You risk being left without a harvest. She needs constant maintain a certain level of soil moisture and do not forget to remove all weeds from the garden, which can greatly slow down the development of the cabbage itself.

In addition, there are a large number of pests and diseases that can sometimes cause great harm to the future crop. All this requires the gardener to carefully pay attention to the beds on which the cabbage is planted, as well as to perform the actions that are described below.

Diseases and pests of cabbage: how to resist and fight

For prevention against aphids, various slugs and snails cabbage recommended dust with wood ash. At the same time, about a glass of this substance is used per 1 m2. You can also use tobacco.

Cabbage is also processed with the help of various chemicals aimed at destroying or combating a specific problem. If you are an opponent of chemicals, pests can be collected from the plant by hand, while trying to destroy the eggs they lay.

Effective against insects are infusions made from burdock, tomato tops or onion peel.

Today, various covering methods of dealing with them are often used, using special non-covering materials.

But in any case, the most important thing is to be attentive to the plants, constantly monitoring their condition.

We provide moisture beds with cabbage

Cabbage loves moisture very much, therefore watering a must for her should be regular.

Water each plant immediately after planting, the interval between watering should not be longer than 3-4 days from the moment of the previous watering. Such regularity should be maintained for two weeks, while using about 6-8 liters of water per 1 m2. Further, watering is carried out only once a week, using already 10-12 liters for the same garden area.

For early varieties, abundant watering is preferable in June, but for late varieties - in August. It is very important to water this plant only in the morning or in the evening, using water with a temperature of at least 18 ºС.

A little about feeding cabbage: what fertilizers and in what quantities can I use?

I feed cabbage often and a lot. The first application of fertilizers to the soil is carried out within 20 days after planting in a permanent place.

In this case, a solution of mullein is used: 0.5 liters per 10 liters of water. For each plant you need to spend about 0.5 liters.

The next top dressing is carried out after about 10 days. This time, the amount of fertilizer needed by one plant is increased to 1 liter.

Also, in the solution described above, you will need to add 1 tablespoon of crystallin.

Mullein can also be replaced with chicken manure.

The described two top dressings are necessary for both early varieties of cabbage and late ones.

The third feeding should be carried out only for late cabbage is held in June. In a solution of 10 liters of water give 2 tablespoons of superphosphate.

About 6-8 liters of fertilizer are used on an area of ​​​​1m2. Such top dressing can be repeated in August, using nitrophoska already.

Cabbage stabbing: what is it and why is it needed?

Cabbage should be stabbed even when it is at the seedling stage. This is only necessary for those plants that were originally grown in greenhouses or in the house.

So, even 15-20 days before her transplant, she is stabbed with low temperatures and light. In order for the seedlings to be more resistant to low temperatures, a film is lifted above it or the boxes are taken out onto the balcony.

It is only impossible to allow the temperature to drop below 5-6 ºС. Naturally, this should be done during the daytime and in clear weather, so that the plant gets as much sunlight as possible.

Timing and other features of harvesting cabbage

Early cabbage can be harvested as early as late July - early August, and in the southern regions - even at the end of June. In this case, the heads of cabbage must be cut with a sharp knife, since the stalk of this plant is very dense.

Late cabbage, which will be stored all winter, is removed at the very last turn - in the last days of October and the first days of November. If you set yourself the goal of fermenting cabbage, then you need it harvest from the beds in mid-October.

To better store cabbage, it is cut with a fairly long stalk. Also, it is important to leave a few green leaves near the head of cabbage that do not fit tightly to it. During storage, it is very important to maintain a stable low temperature at a level of 0 to 5 ºС. Optimal Humidity air should be in the range of 80-85%.

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Country life | Growing cabbage in open ground - little tricks.

Cultivation of cabbage

Many summer residents grow cabbage in their gardens. Not because this vegetable is not on sale or is too expensive. People want to grow and then use to home table environmentally clean production. And since summer residents grow cabbage, they also have various cabbage questions. What varieties to plant, how to care for, when to harvest, and others.

Different types of cabbage.

When planning to plant cabbage, it is necessary to take into account that there are both varieties, as well as early and late varieties. Varieties: white, red, kohlrabi, color, Savoy, Brussels. Who like what.

The most common planting is white cabbage. And here it is important to correctly calculate how much to plant early, how much winter late. In my experience, when I once planted a lot of early cabbage, and we did not have time to eat it, it immediately overgrew and cracked. It's like a salad, a radish - I didn't have time to harvest in time, which means it's thrown out. Or to feed the animals who have them.

But late cabbage is better to plant more. It is stored well in winter in a cool place. In winter, tasty, juicy vitamins are always welcome. It should be planted less often so that the heads of cabbage are large and dense. I have about 60 cm between seedlings. I plant seedlings in a narrow bed.

And one more tip- cabbage beds, cover with black lutrasil (this is a non-woven synthetic material made of polypropylene fiber). Early cabbage on such a bed is well tied up, heads of cabbage are good without loosening and hilling.

Removing lower leaves.

One of the cabbage questions - do I need to remove the leaves when the heads begin to tie? Almost unanimously, summer residents decided that only the lowest leaves lying on the ground can be cut off from cabbage. They give this advice, as a rule, because they are used to doing it, and not because they know how.

It is better not to remove the leaves. Their removal reduces the yield. Lightly removing the leaves (breaking off) helps the cabbage produce hormones that increase yield. But people are so addicted to breaking leaves that the effect is reversed. So it's best not to interfere natural process growth.

In no case do not cut the leaves, they are involved in the formation of the head! Leaves can be cut off only the lowest, which lie on the ground, and the rest provide food for the formation of the head.

Cabbage pest control.

The second cabbage question is what to do if pests attack the cabbage? There's a lot chemicals to fight them. But how to grow organic cabbage?

The main pests are caterpillars of cabbage butterflies. I usually insist on garlic: I dig up a few fresh garlic with greens or take ready-made dry heads, by eye, 5-7 pieces, cut into large pieces, pour running water- two liters, and all this is infused for two days. Then I filter the solution and spray the cabbage. If garlic solution remains, you can sprinkle fruit trees- not prevent. There are also aphids and other pests.

They also recommend (but I haven’t tried) 2-3 times a season to water the cabbage with a solution of 9% vinegar (add a glass of vinegar to a 7-liter watering can). Pests do not attack heads of cabbage watered with such a solution. It is necessary to water the cabbage not at the root, but to arrange a shower for it. The effect of the use of vinegar is that the heads of cabbage grow dense, and the cabbage is very tasty.

Harvesting cabbage.

From the end of June, you can already cut early cabbage. The indicator of readiness is a pronounced cat. It's not hard, but it's not soft either. It's just that early varieties are not intended for storage, the interlayers are large. Mostly goes to the salad, and in the first courses. As they ripen, early cabbage must be harvested. Overexposure is fraught with the fact that the head of cabbage cracks and the next generation of cabbage grows from there for seeds. So it's important not to miss it.

Late varieties can be kept on the ground for a long time, until frost. If you didn’t manage to remove it before frost, and the cabbage froze, you need to let it thaw on the vine, and only then cut it off.

By following these little tricks, you will please yourself and your loved ones with environmentally friendly, tasty and healthy products grown with your own hands and with soul.

To obtain good harvest, you need to properly grow seedlings and care for plants at all stages of the growing season, and also choose the right varieties suitable for a particular region. In fact, you can grow white cabbage in the open field in any region, regardless of the climate.

Following the tips from the article, you can grow juicy crispy cabbage with your own hands. We will also tell you how to properly harvest and store vegetables, as well as harvest cabbage for the winter.

Growing white cabbage outdoors

A bed for growing is prepared in advance, digging it up in the fall. In the spring, manure is introduced and dug up again. The site should be flat or with a slight southern slope and well lit. It is desirable that the soil retains moisture well.

The best predecessors for the crop are cereals, legumes, onions, cucumbers, potatoes and root crops. Since cabbage draws a lot of useful substances from the soil during growth, it can be replanted in one place for no more than two years in a row. But it is better if the landing is carried out in the same place no more than once every 4 years. The culture cannot be planted in the area where radish, watercress, turnip or radish used to grow.

cabbage varieties

There are a lot of varieties of white cabbage. When choosing a variety, they are guided not only by the climatic conditions of the region, but also by the consumer goals for which the vegetable is grown. For example, early varieties are intended for fresh consumption, while medium and late varieties are for salting and long-term storage.

Popular early varieties include(picture 1):

1. Malachite - the earliest variety. The heads are small but very juicy. In addition, the vegetable grows rapidly, and when grown in a greenhouse, the growing season is reduced to 5 days (subject to frequent watering).
2. Taurus F - An early variety intended for outdoor cultivation. With proper care, the weight of the head can reach 6 kg. In addition, the variety is resistant to diseases and pests, and the first harvest can be obtained within 100 days after planting the seedlings.
3. Dithmarscher Frewer- a variety bred in Germany. The main value lies in obtaining a large harvest in a short time, although the heads are small (the weight rarely exceeds 1.5 kg).
4. sugar crunch one of the earliest and high-yielding varieties. The period from planting to harvest is approximately 105 days.

Figure 1. Early varieties: 1 - Malachite, 2 - Taurus F1, 3 - Dietmarscher Fruer, 4 - Sugar crunch

For salting and long-term storage, special varieties are selected, the growing season of which is longer, but fresh heads of cabbage can be stored until spring. These varieties belong (Figure 2):

1. Geneva - considered the earliest ripe among late varieties, as the growing season is 140 days. Due to its dense structure and good keeping quality, it is excellent for transportation and can be stored until the next harvest.
2. Moscow late - growing such cabbage, you can get heads of cabbage weighing 8-10 kg. In addition, the variety has high disease resistance, tolerates low temperatures well and is not damaged during transportation.
3. Amager- designed for long-term storage (5-6 months). The variety is resistant to diseases and pests, the heads do not crack during storage. However, it is not used for pickling, as it can acquire a bitter aftertaste.
4. Slav- a late variety, which is used not only for storage, but also for fermentation.

Figure 2. Late varieties: 1 - Geneva, 2 - Moscow late, 3 - Amager, 4 - Slavyanka

Preparing seeds and seedlings for planting

Cabbage can be grown in seedling and seedless way. If you plan to receive early harvest, it is better to use seedlings. But regardless of the types of cultivation, the seeds must be properly prepared for planting:

• The seeds are spread on a bandage or gauze folded in several layers and placed for 15 minutes in hot water, and then for another 2 in cold water. This will disinfect the seeds;
• After that, the fabric is laid out on a saucer and kept moist for a day so that they increase slightly;
• Further, to harden the seeds, they are transferred to the lower shelf of the refrigerator for another day.

After that, you can start sowing (Figure 3). The seeds must be dried beforehand so that they become more free-flowing. If you plan to grow seedlings at home, it is better to buy special land in the store. In the greenhouse, the seeds are simply sown in the ground at a distance of 2 cm from each other and sprinkled with earth. When the first shoots appear, care must be taken that the seedlings are not overheated and not too wet, as this will cause the plants to stretch and they will be too weak.

Figure 3. Sowing seeds for seedlings

When the seedlings are 20 days old, they swoop down, that is, they are seated in separate containers. If seedlings are grown in a greenhouse, they are simply planted at a greater distance. The seedling is carefully removed from the ground, and, together with a lump of soil, is transferred to a new place.

Outdoor cultivation: features

Planting seedlings in open ground begins in late April or early May. The bed is dug up, the earth is loosened with a rake and holes are made at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other. When growing Brussels and Savoy, the distance is increased to 70 cm, and kohlrabi can be grown more densely (the distance between the holes is 30-40 cm).

Further planting of cabbage is carried out as follows (Figure 4):

• A handful of humus and wood ash are placed in each well, and watered abundantly with water;
• Seedlings are placed directly in moist soil, lightly sprinkled with dry earth on top. If the plant is too long, it should be immersed in the ground so that there is no stem above the surface, but only the first two leaves;
• If the weather is too sunny, the plants are shaded, and after a week the shelters are removed, since during this time the seedlings have time to take root;
• Every evening carry out moderate watering.

Figure 4. Transplanting seedlings in open ground

With a seedless method of growing, seeds are sown directly in a prepared bed with loose soil. To do this, make small grooves, 1 cm deep, water them with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and sow the seeds. Above the bed, a shelter made of arcs and a film must be installed. When the seedlings grow up (after about 3-4 weeks), they are seated more freely. How to plant and care for cabbage will tell the author of the video.

Care

The main requirement for care is abundant watering. It is better to water in the evening, in hot weather - once every two or three days, and on cloudy days - about once a week (Figure 5).

Note: The soil around the plants is regularly loosened. You can also use hilling, sprinkling the ground around the bushes with peat. This will help control weeds and retain much needed moisture.

An important step is the application of fertilizers. For the entire growing season, they are applied 2-4 times, depending on the development of plants. After each top dressing, the leaves are sprinkled with clean water to wash away chemical residues.

Fertilization is carried out as follows:

• The first time 2 weeks after planting seedlings. To do this, you can use chicken manure or mullein diluted with water. However, if the soil was fertilized at planting, the first dressing can be skipped.
• The second fertilization is done a month after planting, using the same organic mixture. Top dressing for early grades is especially effective.
• The third time only medium and late varieties are fed 2 weeks after the previous fertilization.
• The fourth dressing is carried out only for late varieties and if necessary (if the plants are weak or have suffered a disease). Fertilizers can only be applied 3 weeks after the previous time.

Figure 5. Caring for white cabbage seedlings

In addition to organic fertilizers, special solutions of industrial production can be used for top dressing.

Cabbage requires not only regular watering, fertilizing and loosening, but also freedom from weeds. It is in them that pests can live. In addition, weeds are taken from the soil nutrients necessary for the formation of heads.

Diseases and pests

Cabbage care also includes timely pest and disease control. The most common vegetable pests are considered (Figure 6):

1. cabbage fly - Outwardly, it resembles an ordinary fly, but it lays eggs only on the leaves and stems of the vegetable. After hatching, the pest larvae begin to gnaw at the roots and the plant gradually dies. Early and middle varieties are especially often affected. To combat insects, a dust solution is used, and for prevention, the soil around the roots is sprinkled with a mixture of naphthalene and sand.
2. cruciferous fleas can damage young shoots and seedlings. For the winter, pests hide in the ground, and with the onset of warm weather, plants, including leaves, begin to gnaw. To prevent the death of plants, seeds must be planted in early spring and feed them with saltpeter or slurry.
3. Cabbage scoop and whitefish - are butterflies that lay their eggs on inner surface leaves. After about 2 weeks, caterpillars appear from them, which can almost completely gnaw the leaves. For the fight, the same solutions are used as for the elimination of the cabbage fly.
4. Aphid - insects settle on the leaves in large colonies and suck the juices from the plant. As a result, the leaves form brown spots and gradually the plant dies. To eliminate aphids, special chemicals or tobacco decoction are used.

Figure 6. Common pests of white cabbage: 1 - cabbage fly, 2 - cruciferous fleas, 3 - cabbage scoop, 4 - cabbage aphid

There are also a number of diseases that can reduce the yield or completely destroy it (Figure 7):

Fungal disease that affects the roots. Begins to develop with too abundant watering. Unfortunately, it is not possible to immediately determine that the plants have become infected. To do this, you need to dig one and examine its roots. If there are blisters or growths, you need to take immediate action. There are no effective methods of combating kila. Infected plants are simply dug up and discarded. The soil is treated with Bordeaux liquid or formalin, and it is possible to re-plant the crop on the site only after 5-6 years.

• Fusarium

Most often it affects seedlings, although adult plants can undergo this disease. To determine the presence of Fusarium, you need to cut one of the leaves along the petiole. If there is a brown ring on the cut, then the plants are infected. Infected plants cannot be cured because their leaves are already damaged inside. Such plants are simply dug up with a root, and the hole is sprayed with Bordeaux mixture.

If the cabbage has just begun to ripen, it can be sprayed with fungicides, choosing the least toxic. That is why it is recommended to use Fusarium-resistant varieties.

• Blackleg

It affects not only cabbage, but also tomatoes. Spread is facilitated by high temperature and humidity. In affected plants, the stem darkens and becomes thinner. Gradually, it ceases to receive nutrients from the soil and dies.

Figure 7. Signs of white cabbage diseases: 1 - clubroot, 2 - fusarium, 3 - black leg, 4 - white rot, 5 - gray rot

As a rule, preparations that are used to combat the blackleg cannot be used for cabbage, so the affected plants are dug up, and watering is reduced for the rest. In addition, densely growing seedlings must be dived.

• white rot

Wet spots with a white mucous coating appear on the affected head. The appearance of white rot is promoted by a lack of potassium and phosphorus, and for prevention, you need to regularly fertilize plants and observe crop rotation.

• Gray rot

The disease affects the heads, folded for storage. Externally fungal disease recalls white rot, but the plaque has a gray tint. In order not to lose the crop, the storage room must be treated with bleach or formalin.

Cleaning and storage of cabbage

Cabbage is harvested when all heads of cabbage ripen in the garden. But in the process of growing vegetables, little by little, you can pick and eat. Determining the maturity of the head is simple: it should be dense to the touch.

It is not recommended to leave mature heads of cabbage in the garden for a long time, as they can crack, and when frost appears, they can deteriorate. It is best to harvest on a dry and cool day. So you can protect vegetables from rot.

The heads are cut off with a knife, leaving a root with several leaves in the ground. After sending the crop for storage, the stalk is dug up, since after decay they can provoke the development of diseases.

Note: After harvesting, all stumps are inspected. Dense ones are left for long-term storage, and damaged ones are sent for pickling or pickling.

If the cabbage will be stored in the cellar, the room must be properly prepared(picture 8):

1. Heads of cabbage cannot be simply dumped on a heap, as they will quickly begin to rot.
2. You need to place the heads on racks or shelves in a checkerboard pattern, in one tier and up with the stumps.
3. Straw or dry fern leaves are placed under the heads of cabbage. These plants absorb water and prevent decay.
4. The storage temperature should be -1 - +2 degrees at a humidity of 90%. If the room is warmer, vegetables quickly rot, and when extreme cold- Freeze and spoil.

Figure 8. Collection and storage of white cabbage

A small crop can be stored in another way: each head is dipped in liquid clay and allowed to freeze in the air.

Salting and sauerkraut for the winter

Pickling and salting is a great way to prepare cabbage for the winter if the finished heads have any defects. For this, medium and late varieties are chosen, since the early ones have a characteristic green color and contain too little sugar to activate fermentation.

It is better to ferment cabbage in wooden tubs and barrels. But you can use any enameled container or glass jars. Aluminum containers cannot be used for fermentation, as the workpiece becomes gray in it and acquires a metallic taste.

Note: For pickling, you need to take 10 kg of chopped cabbage, 0.5 kg of carrots and a glass of salt. Sometimes dill seeds and cumin seeds are added to the mixture for flavor.

Chopped vegetables should be mixed with carrots and half of the salt, mashed a little with your hands until juice is formed and transferred to a pickling container, pressing it lightly so that the juice begins to stand out. The container should stand at room temperature for about a week. To make it crispy, every day you need to pierce it to the bottom with a clean wooden spoon or stick. A sign that the cabbage is ready will be a decrease in juice and subsidence general level vegetables. But you should still try it: if it seems that it is not sour enough, you can leave it for another day or two. Ready cabbage can be decomposed into separate containers and stored in the refrigerator (Figure 9).

Salting is a little different from fermentation. First of all, you need to choose and prepare the right products:

• Tight heads without damage are suitable for salting (late varieties);
• The head is cleaned top leaves and cut;
• Prepare spices and salt. You need to take only coarse rock salt.

Figure 9. Pickling and salting white cabbage (from left to right)

Ready cabbage is put into a wooden or enameled container, sprinkling the layers with salt. Oppression is set on top and waiting for the juice to appear. Periodically, you need to check whether the vegetable releases enough liquid. If there is little juice, you need to increase the weight of oppression. From the video you will learn how to properly salt and sour cabbage.

11.04.2016 24 965

How to grow cabbage outdoors?

Many summer residents and gardeners know how to grow cabbage in the open field, each has its own secrets and tricks, but the harvest is different. The technology for growing a vegetable is actually not complicated, it is only necessary to correctly calculate the timing, plant it on time and properly care for it. From the article you will learn which crop is best to plant, at what age to do it, and also look at illustrative examples in the form of a photo.

Terms of planting seedlings in the ground

There is direct sowing of cabbage in the ground and. Depending on the method of cultivation, the timing of the proposed collection of vegetables, climate zone cultivation, the time is calculated.

Planting early cabbage in the ground with seedlings is carried out:

• Moscow region, Moscow region, in the Urals from April 25;
• Perm region, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia- from May 5-6;
• Voronezh, Saratov regions starts April 1;
• Southern regions, in the Kuban- since March 20.

in the photo - planting seedlings of cabbage in open ground

The age of seedlings from sowing seed material to planting in open ground should be as follows:

• 45 (60) days for red varieties, early white varieties, 35 (45) for mid-season, 30 (35) for late;
• Savoy cabbage 35 (50) days;
• various varieties of cauliflower and Brussels sprouts 44 (50) days;
• broccoli seedlings 34 (45) days;
• kohlrabi is planted at the age of one month.

Sowing a vegetable in open ground begins with the arrival of warm days, when the soil warms up a little, a positive plus temperature (8-10 ºС) is established outside. The specified periods of cultivation are advisory in nature. Consider the individual climatic conditions of the growing region, use the recommendations of seed manufacturers to avoid mistakes when cultivating cabbage.

How to plant a vegetable?

Before planting seedlings in open ground, prepare the bed: loosen, remove weeds that have germinated in the spring. Desirable preparatory work carry out on the ridges in the fall: dig a shovel to the depth of a bayonet, apply fertilizers (or mineral), lime the soil if necessary. Culture loves dense soil, in autumn the earth will settle, in the spring it remains only to loosen the surface with a rake.

in the photo - growing cabbage in open ground

Make beds at a distance of 0.4-0.5 meters, dig shallow holes, observing a gap of 35-40 centimeters. Spill the prepared grooves well with water. At this stage, fertilizers are poured into the hole, if the soil is poor, nothing was added in the fall (1 tablespoon of wood ash, a teaspoon of superphosphate, a handful of humus). Seedlings are planted together with a clod of soil, deepening the lower leaves into the hole, covered with dry earth from above, compacted, watered.

Planting in the soil with seeds under plastic bottles carried out on ridges of any length. The intermediate distance between crops is 0.3-0.4 meters. For convenience, the holes are made in an ordinary glass bottle. AT necessary place a shallow hole is turned with the bottom, by light pressure. 3-4 seeds are placed at the bottom of the resulting groove, covered with a tablespoon of humus (fertile soil), without compacting.

Experienced gardeners have their own growing secrets. into the hole with seed material it is advised to put a mixture of baking soda (1/2 pack) and black pepper (teaspoon). The bedding will protect the seed from pests, make the soil favorable for vegetable growth (soda deoxidizes the earth). Pour the resulting soda composition in small portions (0.5 tsp) along the edges of the hole, surrounding the seeds. The bottom of the bottle is cut off, the landings are closed, slightly pressing into the ground. The lid is unscrewed as needed for watering, airing the grown seedlings. The bottle should be removed when the first true leaves appear, at the same time weak shoots are removed, leaving the strongest healthy plants.

Landing Care

For growing early varieties, seeds (seedlings) are covered with a film cover, spunbond, lutrasil. The crop will grow earlier, will be protected from return spring frosts. In the beds, along with the culture, it is recommended to sow dill, lettuce. Protective plants planted nearby will protect plantings from cruciferous flea, other harmful insects.

in the photo - mid-season cabbage variety "Glory"
in the photo - a crop of white cabbage grown in the open field

When cultivating a delicious vegetable in the beds, remember about timely watering, you need to irrigate well until the earth is completely moistened. There is no exact irrigation schedule, it is necessary to focus on the weather conditions of the growing region. In the first weeks after planting, the soil should be moistened, this ensures good growth of the root system. Limit irrigation during head ripening to prevent cracking. It is necessary to water in the morning, evening hours with cold water.

For the entire period of cultivation, seedlings spud 2-3 times. Hilling is combined with weeding, loosening. The first piling is carried out after the seedlings have taken root, the soil around the plant is loosened to a shallow depth, then the ground is well raked up to the first leaves. Hilling contributes to the growth of additional roots. Loosening increases the access of oxygen to the roots for better nutrition plants.

in the photo - top dressing with ash, cabbage grown in the open field

When growing seedlings, the need for top dressing is determined by the fertility of the land, the amount of fertilizer applied in the fall. For better growth it is recommended to feed the plants with useful trace elements 2-3 times. Use organic or mineral supplements- a personal matter of each gardener.

The first time fertilizer is applied 14-15 days after planting in a permanent place. Further feeding occurs at two-week intervals after the first. Pay attention to the development and growth of the vegetable, if the plants are healthy and strong, there is no need to add nutrients. At the first stages of cultivation, plantings require fertilizing containing nitrogen in the composition to gain green mass (take 2 teaspoons and potash fertilizer, add 20 grams of superphosphate, dilute in a bucket of water). During the period of tying a head, use phosphorus-potassium complexes.

White cabbage is especially popular with Russian gardeners, who are always worried about its cultivation in the open field and proper care behind it, obtaining high yields.

On our table, white cabbage has long become mandatory. She fell in love with many for her high productivity and good storage, juicy delicate taste and a whole set of vitamins. In winter, you can make a salad from fresh cabbage or prepare a filling for pies. In pickled form, it becomes a valuable source of vitamins.

The choice of variety and the timing of sowing white cabbage depend on the intended purpose of the fruit: do you need tender early cabbage for salads or dense, strong heads of cabbage for pickling and winter storage.

White cabbage, which is grown by many gardeners, is of early, mid-season and late varieties. Early varieties are eaten in summer period. Mid-season can be eaten fresh or pickled for the winter. Late varieties are intended for long winter storage.

The timing of sowing white cabbage for seedlings depends on the variety:

• early: from 1 to 25 March;
• medium: from April 25;
• late: - from April 1 to the third decade of the month.

From the moment of sowing seeds for seedlings to planting seedlings in open ground, 45-50 days usually pass.

White cabbage can be sown in open ground with seeds. In the middle lane, at the beginning of April, the seeds of early cabbage are sown in the ground, and in the first decade of May - late. In the southern regions mid-season varieties sown from the end of April to the third decade of May, late-ripening - in 1-2 decades of May.

Selection and preparation of seeds

The choice and purchase of cabbage seeds must be taken responsibly: the future harvest depends on the seed.

To increase immunity to fungal diseases, it is recommended to warm cabbage seeds for 20 minutes before sowing in water at a temperature of about 50 ° C, and then lower them into cold water for 5 minutes.

Before sowing, the seeds are soaked in cold water and kept for a day. Such hardening increases the resistance of seeds and promotes early germination. In the future, in open ground, such seedlings will withstand frosts down to -7 ° C, and unhardened ones will not withstand even -3 ° C.

Site selection and soil preparation

A plot for planting cabbage in open ground must be prepared in advance. The sun should illuminate it from morning to evening. Sandy soil and loam are more suitable for early varieties of cabbage, clay soil and loam are optimal for late and medium varieties.

The acidity of sandy soils should not exceed 6, clay or clay-sand - 7. Acidic soils are not suitable for cultivating cabbage.

It should be borne in mind that it is undesirable to plant cabbage in open ground after tomatoes, beets, radishes, turnips. These crops "suck out" nutrients from the soil, and diseases that are dangerous for cabbage may remain in the area after them. For cabbage, it is better to choose those areas where cereals, legumes, cucumbers, and potatoes were previously grown. On the same bed, you can not plant cabbage for more than 2-3 years in a row.

The preparation of the site for growing cabbage should begin in advance from the previous autumn planting. In dry weather, the soil must be dug deep. There is no need to strive to level the surface: the ground with steep irregularities will absorb more moisture during the winter.

In the spring, after the snow melts, a “moisture closure” is carried out - the soil surface is leveled with a rake to prevent the water from evaporating too quickly. Weeds that start to climb out of the ground should be removed immediately.

Growing technology

2 weeks before planting in the garden, the seedlings begin to harden in order to prepare them in new conditions for permanent place. To do this, in a room with seedlings in the first 2 days, a window is opened for 3-4 hours, having previously protected the seedlings from a draft.

Then, for several days, the seedlings are placed on a loggia or balcony for a couple of hours, covering the seedlings with gauze from direct sunlight. After a week, watering is reduced, the seedlings are taken out to the balcony and kept there until planting in the ground.

Seedlings of early white cabbage are planted in a garden bed when it reaches a height of 12-20 cm and 5-7 leaves are formed in the seedlings. Seedlings of mid-ripening and late cabbage can be planted in the garden at a seedling height of 15-20 cm and the formation of 4-6 leaves. Seedlings of early varieties usually reach the required parameters by the beginning of May, mid-season and late - from late May to mid-June.

To plant seedlings of white cabbage in an open area, use the following scheme:

• early and hybrid varieties - 30x40;
• mid-season - 50x60;
• later - 60x70.

Cabbage needs a lot of light and space, so you should try not to thicken the beds. Holes in the soil should be made a little larger than the root system of seedlings with a peat cup or earthen clod.

• a handful of sand;
• a handful of peat;
• 2 handfuls of humus;
• 50 g wood ash;
• half a teaspoon of nitrophoska.

Additives are thoroughly mixed and watered abundantly. An earthen ball with the root system of a seedling is lowered directly into the slurry and sprinkled with moist soil, and dry soil is added on top. If the seedlings are too long, they are planted so that the first pair of leaves is flush with the surface of the plot.

Without seedlings, the seeds are sown immediately on the garden rather densely according to the scheme 10x70 cm to a depth of 1-1.5 cm. It is recommended to water the soil and cover it with a spunbond. Only a month later, after the formation of 3-4 true leaves, cabbage sprouts will get stronger.

Until that time, they will require especially careful care: regular weeding, pest control. It is recommended to thin out the cabbage in the phase of 4-6 true leaves, leaving a distance between seedlings in a row of 40-50 cm.

How to care for plants in the open field?

If the weather is sunny after planting the seedlings, the seedlings need to be shaded for a while. nonwoven fabric or newspapers. During the week, the plants are watered every evening from a watering can with a divider.

After this period, the shelter can be removed if frost is not expected at night. In the future, to care for seedlings in the open field, weeding and loosening the site, watering, and regular top dressing are carried out. The hilling procedure is carried out for the first time 3 weeks after planting the cabbage, and after another 10 days it is repeated.

Watering

Cabbage needs a lot of moisture, so strict adherence is required. irrigation regime. For watering choose the evening. Between abundant watering on cloudy days, an interval of 5-6 days is enough.

In the hot period, you will have to water the plants every 2-3 days. After watering, the soil on the site must be loosened, while spudding the cabbage. To keep moisture experienced gardeners recommend a mulching peat layer 5 cm thick, which simultaneously nourishes developing plants.

top dressing

If cabbage received top dressing in the seedling phase, it should develop quickly and intensively. After planting in the ground, the plants continue to be fed. When the leaves begin to grow, it is best to add a solution of 10 g of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water to the soil.

This dose should be enough for 5-6 plants. When the head formation begins, the cabbage is fed a second time from the same calculation, dissolving 8 g of potassium sulfate, 5 g of double superphosphate and 4 g of urea in 10 liters of water.

Treatment for diseases and pests

It is highly undesirable to use pesticides for processing cabbage. Dusting with ash with the addition of tobacco dust will help protect young plants from slugs and fleas.

To destroy aphids and caterpillars, cabbage is sprayed with this infusion: pour 5 liters of water 2 kg tomato tops, insist for 3-4 hours, boil for 3 hours, cool, filter and dilute with water in a ratio of 1:2. To ensure better "sticking" of the infusion to the leaves, 20-30 g of grated tar soap is added to it.

An infusion of onion peel is effective against caterpillars and aphids. gulf liter jar husks 2 liters of boiling water, leave the solution to infuse for 2 days. Then the resulting infusion is filtered, another 2 liters of water and 1 tablespoon of dishwashing detergent or liquid soap are added to it.

owl fight, cabbage fly, the larvae of the cockchafer are carried out with the help of ants. A jar of jam or honey diluted with water is added dropwise to the site. Black ants, attracted by sweets, also eat the larvae.

For preventive purposes, plantings of sage, rosemary, mint, marigolds, basil, cilantro and other spicy plants are planted on and around the area with cabbage. Butterflies, slugs, fleas, aphids will be scared away by a tart aroma, which will simultaneously attract their enemies - lacewings, ladybugs, rider beetles.

• Early ripe. They usually produce small fruits in relatively small quantities. Landing dates: approximately from 1 to 25 March.
• Mid-season. As a rule, they are most often used for salting. Seeds can be planted between March 25 and April 25.
• Late ripe. The advantage of these varieties is their long shelf life; they can also be used in preparations for the winter. They are planted from the end of April to the first days of May.

Growing seedlings of white cabbage

Let's start with seedlings. Necessary condition for the first shoots - a large amount of water. It should be about half the weight of the seeds themselves. We grow seedlings at home, it's very simple: you need to take a small box about 6 cm high. Pour the soil-nutrient mixture into it, with a layer about 5 cm high. We compact it and make grooves with a stick or pen at a distance of 5-6 cm. friend from friend. Then we spill it with a hot solution, based on 1 liter. a teaspoon of water "Kornerosta", stir everything and pour small grooves from a small teapot. Now we sow the seeds to a depth of 1 cm, at a distance of 2-3 cm. We sprinkle everything with earth 1 cm thick, compact and cover with a film.

Here, at last, still fragile sprouts peep out. First of all, they need to be thinned out, leaving the tallest and most beautiful. Each sprout needs a plot of about 2x2 cm, after 2 weeks the procedure is repeated, increasing this area to 3x3 cm. And finally, after another two weeks, the sprouts are transplanted each into a separate container with an area of ​​​​approximately 5x5 centimeters.

Seedlings need to be placed on the windowsill in a bright place. Lighting plays an important role in the technology of growing white cabbage. On average, the length of daylight hours should be approximately 12-15 hours for a vegetable. As in any case, it is required not to forget about the soil. Loosen it regularly so that the roots of the plants have the opportunity to "breathe". The soil should not be allowed to be too dry, however, too much watering for seedlings is harmful. Try to find the middle by observing the state of the sprouts.

For seed germination, a temperature of 18-20 ° C is needed. Later, with the advent of the first shoots, it needs to be slightly lowered.

Cabbage sprouts quickly, literally in 3-4 days, if you missed this moment, then it will quickly stretch out, become long and fall.

Such cabbage is already thrown away, it is necessary to re-seed. Therefore, as soon as the seeds hatch, we sharply change the temperature. For the first 2-3 days, leave the window open for 3-4 hours in the room where the seedlings are located. After that, take them out to the balcony for 2-3 hours a day. This must be done to harden the seedlings, at a temperature of 10-12 ° C you will get excellent seedlings, which will not go into the stem. And finally, on day 6, you can reduce watering. At the same time, until the time of planting in the soil, the seedlings should be on the balcony all the time.

We sow it closer to April 15, and at this time during the day the temperature is about +10 ° С. If there are frosts in April, you need to bring the cabbage into the house, into the heat, and then take it out again.

In total, three top dressings must be done during the growing period:

• The first - 7-9 days after picking.
• The second - 15 days after the first.
• The third - 2-3 days before landing in the ground.

Add to 1 liter. water a teaspoon of "Agricola" for cabbage - complex mineral fertilizer, which contains phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and trace elements. You also need to add a teaspoon of any liquid organic fertilizer to this composition, it can be Effekton, Vegeta, Grow Up, etc. We carefully feed our seedlings from a small teapot.

We will do the second top dressing in 15 days. Watering seedlings should be moderate.

We plant seedlings on May 20, for this we must prepare a garden bed. We dig the bed very well to a depth of 30-40 cm, because cabbage has a tap root system and goes very deep. Under digging, we introduce a bucket of organic fertilizers per 1 sq. meter, in the form of compost, peat or humus. If you do not have such components, then purchase a nutrient soil mixture in the store, and also add a bucket per sq. meter. You can save money and add 2 handfuls of nutrient mixture per well, and not per square meter.

We level everything and add 2 tablespoons of superphosphate and 2 cups of wood ash. Mix and close with a rake after each addition of components.

After leveling the ground, we make holes. The hole from the hole should be at a distance of 40-50 cm. If your bed is wide, then make it in 2 rows, but the row from the row should be at least 40-50 cm. and 2 tablespoons of any liquid fertilizer. We pour about 1 liter of solution into the hole, a lot is not needed for seedlings.

Now we will cover the planted seedlings with covering material for about a week to retain moisture. So the seedlings will take root well and quickly. Then the covering material will need to be removed, a maximum of it is needed for a week.

Feeding white cabbage and proper care

How should you care for cabbage and what to feed? We do the first top dressing 15 days after planting the seedlings. Add a tablespoon of Agricola for cabbage to 10 liters of water, 2 tablespoons of any liquid vegetable organic fertilizer, such as Grow Up. All this is well stirred and spilled at the rate of approximately 5 liters per 1 sq. meter, and preferably for each plant 2 liters of solution. So we spill each plant. We also do the second top dressing 15 days after the first, but we will already add a tablespoon of superphosphate and 2 tablespoons of liquid vegetable organic fertilizer. The third dressing is also done 15 days after the second, take 2 tablespoons of organic fertilizer and a tablespoon of Agricola for cabbage.

Cabbage loves water and loves watering. We water according to the following schedule: June, July 5-8 liters of water per sq. meter, next watering 10 liters. After each top dressing, water the cabbage with ordinary water from a watering can - by sprinkling. When the heads of cabbage ripen, it is not worth pouring, as they can crack. A head of cabbage may also crack due to the fact that early varieties were planted, they were not removed in time, and they continue to grow.

The most terrible pests in the cultivation of white cabbage are slugs and caterpillars of whites, scoops, they are very voracious. When we planted seedlings, in order to escape from slugs, you need to sprinkle the edges of the beds with dry mustard. This should be done for prevention, especially in rainy summers. But from caterpillars of butterflies and scoops, sprinkle directly on the leaves with ground black pepper (literally every 3-4 days). The smell will scare away the butterflies, and they will not lay their eggs on the plants.

But if, nevertheless, the caterpillars are wound up, then treat the cabbage with the Iskra double effect". We take a tablet, dilute it in 10 liters of water and spray it, 3-5 liters of working solution per square meter. meter.

Cabbage, late varieties, are harvested in late September - early October. We leave the stalk 2-3 cm, the lower leaves are wet and yellow, we cut off so that the fork is clean, dry and well stored. Store cabbage at a temperature of 5-10 ° C.

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