Shingles, shingles, shinglas, shingles - roofing from wood chips. Wooden roofing made of shingles and a plank roof in a modern interpretation: soulful and practical

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The positive impact of wood has been appreciated by people at all times, so the use of this material, both for the construction of walls and structures roof structures, is still observed. Wooden houses are beautiful, practical and comfortable. The final stage in the construction of any building is the roof, so you should pay attention to how a wooden roof is created with your own hands and how long it will last.

Wood, being the first material used in the construction of residential buildings, is becoming popular with contemporary masters. A few decades earlier, the cost of such a roof was the lowest, and installation was the easiest. Now everything is different: the material is very expensive, and installation requires a lot of technical training and experience. As before, the manufacture of a wooden roof according to all the rules will allow you to get an exclusive design structure that will last for many years.

Selection of roofing materials

The roof can be laid from:

• shingle - special sawn boards, for a rigid connection in which there are grooves and spikes;
• shindel - small chipped planks in the form of wooden tiles unusual shape;
• ploughshares - resembles a shindel, but similar in shape to a shoulder blade or a pyramid with a figured lower cut;
• tesa - edged board from softwood, sometimes, with a selection on the edge;
• shingles - boards chipped from an alder, spruce or aspen trunk, uncalibrated and very thin;
• chips - an analogue of shingles, shortened in length.

It should be remembered that the device of the roof wooden house allowed only in the form of a pitched structure with an inclination of 18-90 degrees (read: ""). In the presence of a large slope of the material, much more is consumed, which significantly prolongs the operation of the flooring.

Description of wooden roof installation

Depending on the selected materials, the installation technology is also determined, as well as the roof.

The most difficult, perhaps, will be the work with the shingle. If the builder does not have experience in such work, then a wooden roof with your own hands in this case may cause some difficulties, or it will not work at all. Externally, the material is represented by small boards (width - 10-15 cm, length - 40-70 cm), which are sawn or pricked by hand. Due to the roughness formed on the saw cut, moisture will be absorbed, therefore, great value is attached to the material due to the presence of natural fibers.

On one longitudinal side, the board is hewn until the thickness reaches 3-5 mm, on the other side a wedge-shaped groove 10-12 mm deep is cut, as in the photo. The shingle is made from coniferous trees, aspen and oak. The crate is taken as the basis for laying the coating (beam or poles with a section of 40x40 mm or 50x50 mm). A wooden roof is calculated so that the timber or poles are fastened in increments of 1/3 of the length of the shingle, and a solid canvas can be created from the boards.

Horizontal rows of material are laid in compliance with the same direction of the grooves and the fastening of the narrow ends of the shingles in them. As soon as the boards are evenly laid out on the roof, they are nailed along top edge to the beam. The nail must enter the crate at least 20 mm. The choice of nails depends on the type of wood, for example, cedar and larch are nailed with copper, other types of wood can be fixed with galvanized nails.

How much reliable device wooden roof, will depend on the layer of shingle:

1. For gazebos and outbuildings, two layers are enough, where the laying of a new row is carried out with half of the previous tile overlapping (read: "").
2. The construction of residential buildings is carried out on the basis of three layers, while the new row is placed 2/3 on top of the previous one.
3. Buildings that require high quality and reliability can have a four-layer structure, where new rows are placed on top of the previous ones by 3/4.

When laying side by side, the top boards are located bottom to the middle of the previous row. The fastening of the grooves (roofing joints with a concave end) is carried out with a fan, that is, the narrow side of the boards is planed at a certain angle downwards so that the shingle becomes a trapezoidal shape.

The attachment of the plowshare and shingle is carried out by analogy with the shingle. Since the planks of the cover are short (about 20-40 cm), the distance between the bars of the crate is reduced. The elements do not have connection grooves, so they are laid joint to joint, taking into account the fact that the tree may swell over time (leaving a gap of 3-5 mm between the plates).

The return to natural building materials is not only due to fashionable environmental arguments, although there is no doubt about their persuasiveness. The organic matter created by nature spontaneously adjusts itself to the living conditions of the owners on a peculiar intellectual level. It is completely disposed of after wear, without disturbing the natural balance either during operation or after it. Among the materials that “surfaced” from the depths of time, shingles and other types of wooden roofing appear, firmly forgotten due to the considerable cost and labor-intensive installation. However, it is with shingles that the roof can be covered very economically. The technology is not complicated, but diligence and baggage simple rules the future roofer needs to stock up.

Advantages of wood roofing

It is easy to guess that the installation of wooden tiles will consist in the scrupulous fastening of each individual element. If you are interested in a budget wooden roof, you will also need to make the material itself. But thanks to the excellent insulating properties of wood, the owners will not be disturbed by the sound of rain and cats prancing on the roof. And the structure will become unique due to the inimitable effect of wooden plates.

All types roofing, united under the technological name "shingle roof", work on the principle of a spruce cone. When wet, their elements swell, as if they close together, turning into a barrier to atmospheric moisture. In dry weather, the wood shrinks, allowing air to circulate freely in the roof gaps and in the under-roof space. That is, both waterproofing and ventilation are carried out by natural organics independently. That's why wooden structures roofs for the most part do not require the installation of vapor and waterproof layers, if the angle of inclination of the slopes is not lower than the limits specified in DIN 68119.

Types of wood roofing

To equip a bath roof, you can buy factory-made material or make it yourself. Factory options will not please you with cheapness, but complete readiness for installation or artistic carving bottom edge. Elements of shingle coatings differ in manufacturing technology, configuration and laying method. Based on these differences, they are divided into the following types:

• A shingle is a coating that gave the name to all species from this category. It is a separate sawn or chipped plate, the longitudinal section of which can be strictly rectangular, trapezoidal, or may resemble dovetail. In the case of the tail, the planks grooved in this way are not only attached to the crate, but are also interconnected according to the “thorn-in-groove” scheme. In the case of non-grooved material, i.e. trapezoidal and rectangular elements in the cut, fastening to the crate and connecting to each other is carried out only with the help of nails or self-tapping screws. The fasteners pass through two plates without a tongue and through and enter the lath by 2 cm.

Note! Sawn material significantly loses in terms of operational and technical specifications chipped analog. In the process of sawing, the natural structure of the wood fibers is disturbed, which is why it cannot also steadfastly resist external negative factors.

• Shingles and wood chips are simplified variations on the shingle theme, differing only in dimensions and thickness. The length of the roofing shreds is usually from 40 cm to 1 m, the chips are smaller. Both chips and shingles are made with their own hands by splitting chocks on uncalibrated boards. The log for the chocks must be thick and well dried, otherwise a lot of planks will be wasted. If you chop lumber with a moisture content of less than 18%, the elements will crack when dry. If you use the soft center of the log - sapwood, the planks will not withstand long-term use. In addition, there should not be “no knots or hitches” on the elements of the roofing, as well as through cracks and areas prone to decay. It is optimal to use aspen or alder, conifers are applicable soft rocks. The shingles on the roof are laid according to the principle of a checkerboard pattern in two, three, four or five layers with overlaps, both horizontally and vertically.

Note. For a proper fit on the side cuts of the planks, chamfer is removed. At an angle of 45º, it must be done in the same direction on both sides. Masters who know perfectly how to make shingles recommend removing the chamfer for beauty from the outer transverse edge and from the inner one for a better fit.

• Shindel - a tile made of wood, mounted with an overlap, but not in a clear checkerboard pattern, but with some displacement of the elements. This prototype of modern shingles not fastened rigidly to the crate. There should be some screw left. Elements of wooden tiles are not installed tightly to each other in order to provide the ability to increase in size from moisture without "swelling" of boards resting against each other. When making a shingle, it is important to take into account the location of the structural rings of wood, otherwise, with repeated drying and moistening, the material will warp in an unnecessary direction for the owner.
• Lemekh is a legendary coating that adorned wooden churches and boyar mansions in Russia with carved magnificence. Each blade is art product, completely created by the skillful hands of the master. Aspen is used exclusively for the manufacture and hand tool. Wood is harvested during the period of active circulation of the greatest amount of juice through the fibers - at the end of spring. It takes a lot of carefully selected lumber to create plowshare elements that resemble a blade with a carved edging. An expensive pleasure is extremely rarely ordered in specialized artels for decorating small-sized architectural forms.

• Tes - coniferous boards laid on roofs along the cornice line or across. The second option is the most practical, as it lasts much longer. In the center of the boards installed across the eaves, a groove is cut for water drainage. The roof is made of tess in two layers in a run-up, with or without a gap between the boards. Fastening is done with one nail. The boards of the top layer are well planed and positioned so that the core “looks” outward. The boards of the lower layer do not need to be planed, they are installed with the core down. If the laying direction is chosen along the eaves line, the installation begins with the fastening of the sheathing board, against which the first row will abut. Installation is carried out with an overlap of 5 cm of each subsequent row on the previous board.

Inexperienced home master on the shoulder independent production shingles or chips, which does not require special skills and qualifications of a woodcarver. Despite the ease of processing lumber with natural humidity, you can not use it, you need to stack the logs in a pile and dry. The log will “ripen” until ready for 3 years, the process can be accelerated by sawing it into chocks with a minimum length of 40 cm. Then the shred will be ready in six months, but it is better to wait 9 months. It is very difficult to prick dried hard rock, but in order to get a wear-resistant roofing shingle, it is worth the effort.

Calculation of the amount of lumber per roof

Naturally, there are few people who want to find out the shortage of the coating prepared for laying for so long. That's why required amount it is better to count logs in advance. There are special tables for calculating the amount of factory material. According to them, the number of boards required for laying in two or three rows on a slope with a certain slope can be calculated without difficulty. The material is usually bought with a margin of 5% in case of an unsuccessful attempt to hammer a nail. A home roofer also needs to focus on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof, the size of which depends on the steepness of the upper enclosing structure. However, first you need to calculate how many plates are needed to cover one meter.

Note. The optimal steepness of the roof with wooden tiles is 55º-71º. Roofers consider the slope figure to be an indicator equivalent to the service life of the coating. The critical limit of the angle of inclination of the slopes is 14º-18º. The higher the slope, the more material is needed for its device.

A four-meter log, from which a wooden shingle will be made, can be divided into a maximum of 10 chocks. 3 or 4 boards with a width of about 15 cm will come out of one chock. Precise calibration of the elements is not required. 7 plates can be laid along the longitudinal line per meter of roof. Further calculations depend on the number of coating layers. With a three-layer installation used for housing, only a third of the element comes to the surface.

Over baths, gazebos, verandas, wooden tiles are usually laid in two layers. This means that the number of plates to be made needs to be doubled, we get 14. With a two-layer laying with an overlap of the previous row of 10 cm, 30 cm of the board will “peep out” from under the next row. That is, approximately 3 rows go vertically. Multiply and round, we get 42 elements, but it is better to count on 50. The remainder will not be lost in any scenario. You can trim the pediment, the facade or clad the walls inside with shingles.

Note. To perform the first eaves overhang rows and for the ridge analog of the plate are made shorter.

Shingles laying technology

Roofing made of wood is classified as a medium-weight structure, shingles for roofing will not weigh more than 17 kg. A powerful rafter system is not needed for it. But the crate must be built with a step depending on the step of fastening the elements. Experienced craftsmen advise building a crate with a continuous flooring without gaps from the board. In the case we are considering of installing the shingle in two layers, the laths must be installed after 30 cm.

Note. The lathing pitch for a three-layer finished roof is calculated by dividing the length of the element by 3. Rounding down.

The plates are fastened with galvanized self-tapping screws designed for working with wood, special helical or grooved nails. Fasteners are located in two upper corners shingles, no closer than 2 cm to the edge.

Attention! In the case of a wooden roof with insulation, direct contact of the shingle and waterproofing material invalid. Between them it is necessary to form a ventilation gap by installing a counter-lattice. Ventilation will not be required if a superdiffusion membrane is used as an insulating layer.

The main nodes of a wooden roof are built the same for all roofs. technological principle. A hermetically fixed tin apron is required around the chimney and along the junction lines. Valleys, convex corners are laid in a fan pattern. The ridge can be arranged by laying two joined long boards, installing short boards with an overlap similar to a ridge device for ceramic tiles. It is possible to lay an okhlupen on a skate - a full-length log with longitudinal groove, formed under the institution under it the upper edges of the shingles.

For modern man the wooden roof is rather associated with the fabulous beauty of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord in Kizhi. Wood was the main roofing material in pre-Petrine Russia. Roofing from shingles and boards prevailed in peasant farms until the first third of the 20th century. Traditional roofing materials are making a comeback modern construction, but at a new level of quality. How realistic is it to cover the roof today own house tree, how long will it last and how much will it cost?

Wood as a roofing material has been used for a long time. Traditionally, such roofs were in regions with a cool climate, significant reserves of valuable wood and a lack of raw materials for the manufacture of other types of roofs: slate and ceramic. These are central and northern Russia, Scandinavia, northern Germany, Belgium, the Baltic countries. Many peoples of Siberia also built houses under shingled roofs. The highest perfection in the construction of roofs covered with wood was achieved by Russian architects. The craftsmanship of our ancestors, who filigree covered zakomaras, kokoshniks, domes of churches and royal chambers with figurative plates, is unsurpassed.

Kokoshniks, drums and domes of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord are covered with carved pine plates. With a similar shape, they have different sizes.

The first settlers of the North American colonies used wood chips not only as roofing material, but also completely sheathed their houses with it. The vast majority pitched roofs in the northern states of the United States and throughout Canada until the middle of the twentieth century were covered with wood. Modern high-tech (and inexpensive) roofing material invented by the Americans - shingles- shape imitates wood shingle. Moreover, unlike Europe and Russia, where in the middle of the twentieth century the shingle roof lost its relevance, in North America the tradition was not interrupted, the production roofing materials from wood did not stop, and technologies were constantly improved.

Americans love wood shingles and know how to work with it. In this case, several plate formats were used.

Amazing Coating Properties

Types of wood for roofing

For roofing works breeds that contain natural preservatives are suitable: resinous or tannins. They significantly increase the life of the material. Resin contains almost all conifers, budget options- pine and spruce, Western Europe- fir. Accessible, easy to process, but aspen does not last long. Siberian larch and Canadian red cedar have the maximum amount of resin (respectively, the highest service life).

In Germany, where there are more oak forests than coniferous forests, oak or beech plates were traditionally put on the roof. Exotic species are also used as shingles: teak, ebony, rosewood. They are beautiful and durable, but few can afford them. There is a beautiful and original shingle made of tree bark, usually oak.

Especially popular shingles made of Canadian cedar, aspen, oak, Siberian larch

Which is better: stabbing, peeling or sawing

Traditional Methods the manufacture of roofing materials from wood provides for its processing without the use of sawing. Elements split or peel. Relatively dry blanks are used for splitting, the thickness of the plates is quite large - 6-18 mm. Thin plates up to 5 mm thick are obtained by peeling. Plank boards are also split, and then hewn with a planer. In all these cases, the structure of the wood is not disturbed, the natural pores remain closed, the roof practically does not get wet. When sawing, the saw teeth break the fibers, opening air voids for moisture to enter. A sawn tree will absorb water by an order of magnitude more and will collapse faster.

In order for a tree to split into even dies, it must have a uniform structure with a straight (radial) arrangement of layers. The core part of the trunk is used, the heartwood and sapwood are unsuitable due to their lower density. Best result obtained from the butt: fewer knots. Mature trees with a trunk diameter of 40 cm or more are used.

Hand made elements of a wooden roof is very laborious. There are a number of devices that facilitate labor: a vice, special axes and blades, mallets, manual machines. Today when manual labor is expensive, equipment has appeared that makes it possible to mechanize a significant part of production processes. Americans are leaders in this area.

Service life of a natural roof

The service life depends on several factors: the breed used, harvesting and processing technology. Conifers are cut at the end of winter, before the start of sap flow, in frosty weather. A wooden roof made from properly harvested quality material, made without the use of sawing, will last for several decades, or even centuries. And, on the contrary, raw sawn material from a sapped immature forest will rot on the roof in a couple of years. Properly made sawn shingle can last up to a quarter of a century. Periodic treatment of wood with protective compounds will extend the service life.

Roof made of wooden planks. The gutter is hollowed out of a single trunk. Carved planks protect and decorate gable overhangs

Roofing from piece materials

Shingles, shingles, shindel, shingle, shingle, wood chips. It is often difficult to understand the difference between these concepts from published materials.

The facade of this pub is decorated with cedar shingle and tes

Roof and shingle installation

The slope of the roof should not be too low: from 18° or more to 90°. In a powerful rafter system there is no need, the wooden roof weighs a little, the main load is snow. Traditionally, the roof of residential buildings is covered in three layers, utility - in two.

Three layer styling. Nails must be positioned so that they overlap with overlying dies

In this case, there is no need for a waterproofing subroofing layer, it will only interfere with ventilation. You can lay a windproof film (membrane) on the rafters or counter rail under the crate. For the crate, it is enough to choose bars (board, obopol, poles) with a section of 40x40 mm with a rafter pitch of up to 80 cm and 5x5 with a pitch of up to 120 cm. Bar and rafter legs It is recommended to treat with a flame retardant composition. The step of the crate is taken depending on the size of the dies and the number of layers. With a three-layer coating, this is 1/3 of the length of the shingle. Fasten the dies with roofing nails, preferably galvanized.

Chip roofing installation. The small thickness of the dies allows them to be bent freely. The edges of the frame are rounded

Often, in order to save money, shingles or shingles are laid in two layers, and a roll is laid from below. waterproofing coating. The solution is acceptable, but not the best, the ventilation of the tree worsens.

Benefits of a tessel roof

The plank roof is covered not with separate dies, but with boards that cover it along the entire length of the slope. Traditionally, the tes was split with wedges and hewn with a planer. Today, sawn and planed on the machine edged or unedged boards 19-32 mm thick, 100-200 mm wide. There is an expensive roofing board made of edged boards with selected grooves for better moisture removal.

Plank roof in a modern design. The figured sawdust of the butt serves as an additional decoration, the skate is originally designed. Tes has two grooves for water flow

Plank roof installation

The roof made of tessel is more limited in slope: from 18° to 45°. The crate is made of boards or a bar, the step is arbitrary. Tes is laid in two layers, the top overlaps the joint of the lower boards. The first layer is laid with gaps between the boards in 1/2-1/3 of the board width. The gap overlaps the top row, the tes is fixed with galvanized roofing nails. Impregnation of the boards with fire-retardant preparations will not be superfluous. It is recommended to treat a wooden roof during operation with means for protecting and preserving wood.

Tesa mounting scheme. The skate can be knocked down from two boards

Options for arranging a wooden roof country house a bunch of. You can soak the boards with hot drying oil and lay a plank roof in the country. Or, having quality material, a margin of time, carpentry skills and, most importantly, enthusiasm, to chop shingles or shingles on your own. Those who are not ready for a labor feat can purchase a roof made at a factory. Given the complexity of manufacturing a piece of wood roofing, it costs a lot: from 500 to 4500 rubles, depending on the type and quality. It is worth inviting professionals with experience in the manufacture of wooden roofs to install a complex roof.

Since ancient times, wood has been used to build houses; this building material has been successfully used for both walls and roofs. When the whole house is made of wood, the building looks very impressive and cozy. Let's try to figure out how to lay a wooden roof on your own and how long it can last.

Wood is one of the first building materials from which people began to build their homes. It should be noted that in recent times, wood, as a material for building houses and roofing roofs, is sharply regaining its former popularity. Previously, wooden roofs were considered the cheapest and easiest to install, at present, such roofs can be attributed to the most expensive and difficult types of roofing to install. Only reliability remains unchanged - a properly equipped roofing will look original and serve without fail for many decades, and the building will always stand out with its exclusive design.

Materials used for roofing

Let's make a list of materials that can be used for laying the roof:

• shingles (special sawn boards, rigidly interconnected with grooves and spikes);
• shindel (small chipped boards, a kind of irregularly shaped wooden tile);
• ploughshare (similar to a shindel, but the planks are made in the form of a shoulder blade or a pyramid, the lower edge is often figured);
• tes ( edged board from coniferous trees, sometimes a selection is made along the edge);
• shingles (chopped off from the trunk of alder, spruce, aspen planks, they are uncalibrated and quite thin);
• wood chips (similar to shingles, but much shorter in length).

It should be noted that only roofs are equipped with the use of wood. pitched type, the angle of inclination of such roofs is limited to 18-90 degrees. For a roof with a large slope, it is necessary to increase the consumption of material, which makes it possible to extend the life of the flooring at times.

Roof construction technology various materials differ significantly, and have in their arsenal various options execution (roof rafters).

The most difficult for a do-it-yourself device is shingle roofing. Without availability practical experience, it is not recommended to mount it yourself. The material itself is made in the form of boards 10-15 cm wide and 40-70 cm long, they are chipped by hand or sawn. The roughness that is obtained at the saw cut site contributes to the absorption of moisture, therefore, a material that has preserved fibers with a natural structure is of great value.

One of the longitudinal sides of the board is wedge-shaped to a thickness of 3-5 mm., In the other, a groove is made in the form of a wedge with a depth of 10-12 mm., The width is reduced from 5 to 3 mm. to the bottom of the groove. The raw materials for shingles are coniferous trees, aspen or oak. The material is laid on a crate made of timber or poles with a section of 40x40, 50x50 mm., You can use a continuous crate of boards. When making the base from timber or poles, it is necessary to maintain the optimal step for their laying along the axes, which is 1/3 of the length of the shingle boards.

In horizontal rows, the grooves should be directed in one direction, the narrow end of the shingle is fixed in the groove. After installation, each plank is nailed to the beam in its upper part. The depth of penetration of the beam by the nail must be at least 20 mm. Nails are selected depending on the wood: copper for cedar and larch, galvanized are appropriate for all other species.

The reliability of the roof depends on the thickness of the shingle:

a) two layers - a new row overlaps the previous tile by half (arbors, outbuildings);

b) three layers - a new row overlaps the previous tile by 2/3 (residential buildings);

c) four layers - a new row overlaps the previous tile by ¾ (buildings with increased reliability).

When laying side by side, the bottom of the plank top row lies in the middle of the bottom. The grooves (roof joints with a concave end) are laid out in a fan, for this, the planks from the narrow side are planed down to the required angle downwards, thus, the shingle is given a trapezoidal shape.

In order to extend the service life, the planks must be treated with an antiseptic, and to prevent a fire, treatment with special fire extinguishing compounds is required.

The ploughshare and shingle are placed similarly to the shingle. Given the shorter length of the boards (20-40 cm), it is necessary to fasten the battens of the crate much more often. There are no grooves for joining in boards of this type, therefore, the laying is carried out end-to-end, taking into account the swelling factor of the wood when it is soaked, the distance between the plates in horizontal rows should be about 3-5 mm, otherwise the roof will begin to warp over time. This design allows you to tightly close the joints in wet weather, and provides excellent ventilation of the attic when the wood is dried.

The best breed for the manufacture of roofing wooden materials considered to be larch, its advantages include:

Such a coating is mainly three-layer or four-layer, overlapped in both vertical and horizontal rows. In length, shingle overlap is similar to the shingle laying principle. Planks located in the neighborhood must be overlapped by 25-30 mm. The new layer horizontally, in the middle of the upper plank, should cover the junction of a pair of bottom planks. Each shingle is fixed with a shingle nail 70x1.5 to each beam of the crate. The skate must be hemmed with a corner from the board.

Chip roofing is equipped using a similar technology, the specifics are due to the shorter length of the planks. The following dimensions are typical for the flaying: length 400-1000 mm, width 90-130 mm, thickness 3-5 mm. wood chips has more modest size: length 400-500 mm., width 70-120 mm., thickness 3 mm. For chips, a crate with a more frequent step - 15 cm is needed, for a chipping, a step of 30 cm is enough. Given the lightness of these materials, the size of the beam can be 40x40 mm. It is more convenient to use a solid crate for arranging such a roof.

plank roof

The most simple in arrangement and inexpensive in price is a roof made of tesa. The service life of such roofing is much less. This is due to the fact that in the process of cutting, the natural structure of the tree is disturbed, so the boards do not resist external natural influences well. The original way the preparation of boards for the roof consisted in splitting the log along the length. In this case, the fault goes along the wood fibers and the array retains all its properties. Such a roof can last more than a hundred years.

Plank roofing is laid in a longitudinal and transverse (parallel to the roof ridge) way. The transverse method is simpler and is used for temporary structures.

The boards are fastened from the bottom up to the joists with nails, the top row covers the bottom one by 5 cm.

The longitudinal method is divided into 3 laying methods:

• back to back in two layers (the boards are laid, shifting the top layer relative to the bottom one by half the board, leaving a distance of about 0.5 cm between the boards for swelling);
• apart along the slope (the bottom row of boards is laid with a gap of 50 mm, the top row should overlap each of the lower boards by 50 mm);
• with a cover with a flashing (the bottom row is made solid, the joints must be covered with narrower boards with a 50 mm approach).

With any laying method, the boards of the top row are nailed to the crate with two nails in each bar. The crate is made in increments of 600-800 mm., A board with a thickness of 19-25 mm is used., A bar with a section of 60x60 mm.

Important! It is not recommended to lay hydro- and vapor barrier under a wooden roof, as this can lead to difficulty in breathing the material and reduce its service life. With a natural roof covering, condensate does not form in the attic due to the low thermal conductivity of wood.

The roof is the main finishing element of each building. Roofing is protection inner space buildings from influence environment. Wooden shingles are the best natural roofing. Not only the operation of the entire building and its durability, but also comfort for a person depends on the quality of the roofing work.

Types of wood roofing

Roof coverings made of wood are divided into types depending on the technological processes of production, configuration and installation method.

Shingle

This is the ancestor of all types of wooden tiles. The coating is wooden plates, the longitudinal section of which can be of various geometric shapes. It is worth noting that shingle, which is made by sawing wood, is valued less than chipped shingle. When sawing the material, the structure of the tree is disturbed, which entails a decrease in resistance to external factors.

Wooden tiles are fixed to the crate with the help of self-tapping screws or nails, which connect two plates together and enter the crate to a depth of 2 cm.

Shingles and chips

This is a simplified version of the shingle, which has different sizes plate length and thickness. The length of one board ranges from 40 cm to 1 m, the size of the wood chips is smaller.

Wooden tiles of this type are made by splitting chocks into plates of various sizes. The wood for the plates must be thick and dried, otherwise many planks will not be suitable for laying. When using a log with a moisture content of up to 18% for the manufacture of wooden tiles, there is a risk of cracks on the material after complete drying.

In the manufacture of the material, the soft center of the log (sapwood) is not used, such boards do not withstand long-term operation. In the finished wooden tile, there should be no defects, not only in the form of cracks or holes, but also cracks and knots.

Such wooden tiles are made mainly from hardwoods, softwoods are rarely used because of their softness. The shingles on the roof are mounted in a checkerboard pattern in layers, while the overlap of the plates is performed both in the horizontal and vertical directions.

Shindel

This wooden tile is a small chipped plank. The plates are overlapped on the roof, and you should not follow the staggered order of the elements.

The shindel is fixed with the displacement of the planks. This type of wooden tile is not rigidly attached to the crate, there should be a small screw. Due to this, it is possible for the material to increase in size when in contact with moisture without swelling, the plates do not rest against each other.

In the manufacture of shingles are used hardwoods trees, Special attention is given to how the structural rings of wood are arranged. Due to the violation of manufacturing technology, with repeated drying and moistening, wooden tiles warp in various directions.

plowshare

This type of wooden tile looks like a blade with a carved edging. For the manufacture of the plowshare, only aspen is used. Each board is a work of art, created by hand by the skilled hands of a master. Technological process manufacturing involves the use of only hand tools.

Harvesting wood for this type of wood tile is carried out in the phase of active circulation of the largest amount of juice in the fibers. It takes a lot of time and material to make a share, so the plates are expensive. Aspen over time, under the influence of heat, acquires strength equal to stone, and a silvery color.

tes

Coniferous boards, the installation of which is carried out on the roof along or across the cornice line. Fixing the board across is more practical, the material lasts much longer.

To drain water, a gutter is formed in the center of the boards. The roof is laid from tesa in several layers, while there should be a gap. Such material is fastened with nails. Boards that will be in upper layers, are polished from all sides and are located with the core of the wood out. Therefore, the boards of the lower layers do not need to be sanded, when laying the core goes down.

When choosing the direction of laying the material along the cornice line, the installation of boards begins with fixing the sheathing (finishing) board, from which the row is laid. The boards are fixed with an overlap of 5 cm for each subsequent row, which is laid on the previous one.

Calculation of the amount of material for the roof

Before performing a roof with wooden tiles, it is important to perform an approximate calculation of the amount of material. There are special tables for calculating the number of plates. Please note that the number of planks may vary depending on the laying method and the size of the plate.

It is recommended to purchase wooden tiles with a margin of up to 10% of the original quantity. Volume wood material calculated not only by size total area roofs, but according to the steepness of the upper enclosing structure. The use of wooden roof elements (shingles, shingles) of various lengths depends on these factors.

Before purchasing wooden tiles, you should calculate how many plates are required to cover one m 2. When calculating the amount of material for the roof, the size of the wooden tile is taken into account: length - 40 cm, thickness 9-10 mm at the thick end and 5-6 mm at the thin end. Such tiles are used for roofs ranging from 100 to 500 m2. When calculating a wooden roof, it is taken into account that laying is carried out in three layers, so 75-80 boards will be needed to cover m 2 of the roof. The calculation is made for roofs with a slope of 18 to 90 degrees.

The number of wooden tiles for roofing depends on the number of layers of potential coverage. In building stores, finished wood tiles are packed in such a way that plates from one package are enough to cover an area of ​​\u200b\u200b1 m 2 with several layers.

To calculate the roof area, a standard mathematical formula is used to calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bfigures.

Pros and cons of wood shingles

Tiles made of wood during installation require scrupulous work due to the fastening of each element separately. All types of wood roofing have the "spruce cone" principle. When wet, the plates swell, due to which the planks close into a barrier that prevents water from penetrating into the inner layers of the roof. When dried, wooden tiles bend slightly, the plates rise in the shape of a dome, while air circulates freely in the roof gaps and under-roof space. There are processes of waterproofing and ventilation. Due to this property, wooden tiles do not provide additional work for laying waterproofing layers.

Wooden roofs have a number of advantages.:

• There are no corrosion processes.
• The material is durable, with proper care, the plates have a service life of more than 50 years.
• There is a balance between temperature and humidity.
• Natural, environmentally friendly material.
• Noise and heat insulation.
• Possibility of use in various climatic conditions, at temperatures from +40 to -70 degrees.
• Tiles made of wood differ from other roofing materials in the smaller mass of both a single element and a full-fledged roof covering. This feature allows during construction not to use additional metal elements in the roof slab, while a simple foundation is sufficient.

The tree has several disadvantages:

• The material is prone to geometric deformations under the influence of temperature and moisture. When working with wood shingles, laying requirements must be observed.
• It ignites quickly, but this problem is solved by using fire-fighting impregnations(flame retardants).
• After laying requires additional protective coating.

How to make wooden tiles with your own hands?

If desired, you can make wooden tiles yourself. At home, such types of tiles as shingles or wood chips are made: special skills and qualifications of the carver are not needed to create them.

For the manufacture of high-quality wooden roofing, it is not recommended to use wood with natural moisture. It is necessary to prepare logs. For this, the wood is dried for about 3 years. To speed up the drying process, the wood can be sawn into chocks, while the minimum length of the base should be 40 cm. In this case, the wood is ready for use after 6 months, but it is recommended not to rush and withstand the material for 9 months.

Splitting dry wood is difficult, it is necessary to apply maximum physical effort. Dry wooden tiles have a high degree of wear resistance. Each stump needs to be split into separate plates, while splitting the tree needs to be done in layers. A plank made in this way is less hygroscopic, and its service life is long.

After that, it is necessary to process the ends of the plates and adjust their size as accurately as possible to each other. Separately, you need to process the edge of the plate, which will be under the adjacent plank. Finally, a drainage channel (drip) is formed on the wooden tile. Do-it-yourself wooden tiles can save a lot of money and make a roof according to a special project.

Recently, the use of wooden tiles in the performance of roofing work has been in demand. The material has unique properties and at first glance it seems short-lived and fragile, however, wooden tiles perfectly protect the structure and give the building an aesthetic appearance.

Useful video about making wooden tiles with your own hands