Heating devices: their types and design features. Heating appliance systems: device, connection, types

Heating devices Central heating systems are devices for transferring heat from a coolant to a heated room. Heating devices must best transfer heat from the coolant into the room, ensure a comfortable thermal environment in the room, without deteriorating its interior when at the lowest cost means and materials.

The types and designs of heating devices can be very diverse. The devices are made of cast iron, steel, ceramics, glass, in the form of concrete panels with tubular heating elements embedded in them, etc.

The main types of heating devices are radiators, finned tubes, convectors and heating panels.

The simplest is heating device made of smooth steel pipes . It is usually implemented in the form of a coil or a register. The device has a high heat transfer coefficient and can withstand high pressure coolant. However, devices made from smooth pipes are expensive and take up a lot of space. They are used in rooms with significant dust emissions, for heating skylights in industrial buildings, etc.

The most widely used heating devices are radiators . Their different types differ from each other in size and shape. Radiators are assembled from sections, which allows you to assemble devices of different sizes. Typically the sections are cast from cast iron, but they can be steel, ceramic, porcelain, etc.

Quite widely used in heating systems cast iron finned pipes . The ribs on the surface of the pipe increase the heat-transfer surface area, but reduce the hygienic qualities of the device (dust accumulates, which is difficult to remove) and give it a rough appearance. appearance.

Convectors They are steel pipes with sheet steel fins. The most advanced among convectors is a convector in a casing made of steel sheet. The device is equipped with a cap to regulate heat transfer. Intense air circulation occurs between the finned surfaces of the device and the casing under the influence of gravitational pressure. This increases heat removal from the finned surface by 20% or more. Convectors in a casing are compact and have a good appearance. In some designs, convectors are equipped with a special type of fan that provides intense air movement. Artificial stimulation of air movement significantly increases heat removal from the device. Some disadvantage of convectors is the need and difficulty of cleaning from dust.

Concrete heating panels They are slabs with coils of steel pipes embedded in them. Such panels are usually located in the structures of room fencing. Sometimes they are installed freely near walls.

Currently, for heating large industrial workshops, suspended panels with reflective screens .

The use of panels for heating buildings satisfies the requirements of prefabricated construction and allows saving metal spent on heating devices. The disadvantages of panel heating include: large thermal inertia, which complicates the regulation of heat transfer; impossibility of changing the heating surface; the danger of pipe clogging and the difficulty of eliminating it; complexity of system repair; the possibility of internal corrosion and, as a result, a violation of the hydraulic tightness of the pipes.

The heating system uses heating devices that serve to transfer heat to the room. Manufactured heating devices must meet the following requirements:

1. Economic: low cost of the device and low material consumption.
2. Architectural and construction: the device must be compact and match the interior of the room.
3. Production and installation: mechanical strength products and mechanization in the manufacture of the device.
4. Sanitary and hygienic: low temperature surface, small area horizontal surface, ease of cleaning surfaces.
5. Thermal engineering: maximum heat transfer into the room and heat transfer control.

Classification of devices

Distinguish the following indicators when classifying heating devices:

• — the magnitude of thermal inertia (large and small inertia);
• - material used in manufacturing (metallic, non-metallic and combined);
• — method of heat transfer (convective, convective-radiative and radiation).

Radiation devices include:

• ceiling radiators;
• sectional cast iron radiators;
• tubular radiators.

Convective-radiation devices include:

• floor heating panels;
• sectional and panel radiators;
• smooth-tube devices.

Convective devices include:

• panel radiators;
• finned tubes;
• plate convectors;
• tubular convectors.

Let's consider the most applicable types of heating devices.

Aluminum sectional radiators

Advantages

1. high efficiency;
2. light weight;
3. ease of installation of radiators;
4. effective work heating element.

Flaws

1. 1. not suitable for use in old heating systems, since salts heavy metals destroy the protective polymer film of the aluminum surface.
2. 2. Long-term operation leads to the unsuitability of the cast structure and to rupture.

Mainly used in central heating systems. Operating pressure of radiators from 6 to 16 bar. Note that radiators that were cast under pressure can withstand the greatest loads.

Bimetallic models

Advantages

1. light weight;
2. high efficiency;
3. possibility of quick installation;
4. heat large areas;
5. withstand pressure up to 25 bar.

Flaws

1. have complex design.

These radiators will last longer than others. Radiators are made of steel, copper and aluminum. Aluminum material conducts heat well.

Cast iron heating devices

Advantages

1. not subject to corrosion;
2. transfer heat well;
3. withstand high pressure;
4. it is possible to add sections;
5. The quality of the coolant does not matter.

Flaws

1. significant weight (one section weighs 5 kg);
2. fragility of thin cast iron.

The operating temperature of the coolant (water) reaches 130°C. Cast iron heating devices last quite a long time, about 40 years. Heat transfer rates are not affected by mineral deposits inside the sections.

There is a wide variety of cast iron radiators: single-channel, two-channel, three-channel, embossed, classic, enlarged and standard.

In our country economical option cast iron appliances are most widely used.

Steel panel radiators

Advantages

1. increased heat transfer;
2. low pressure;
3. easy cleaning;
4. simple installation of radiators;
5. light weight compared to cast iron.

Flaws

1. high pressure;
2. metal corrosion, in the case of using ordinary steel.

Today, a steel radiator heats up better than a cast iron one.

Steel heating appliances have built-in thermostats that provide constant temperature control. The design of the device has thin walls and responds fairly quickly to the thermostat. Discreet brackets allow you to mount the radiator on the floor or wall.

The low pressure of steel panels (9 bar) does not allow them to be connected to a central heating system with frequent and significant overloads.

Steel tubular radiators

Advantages

1. high heat transfer;
2. mechanical strength;
3. aesthetic appearance for interiors.

Flaws

1. high price.

Tubular radiators are quite often used in room design because they add beauty to the room.

Due to corrosion, ordinary steel radiators are not currently produced. If you subject the steel to anti-corrosion treatment, this will significantly increase the cost of the device.

The radiator is made of galvanized steel and is not subject to corrosion. It has the ability to withstand pressure of 12 bar. Radiator of this type often installed in multi-story buildings residential buildings or organizations.

Heating devices of convector type

Advantages

1. low inertia;
2. small mass.

Flaws

1. low heat transfer;
2. high requirements for coolant.

Convector-type appliances heat the room quickly enough. They have several manufacturing options: in the form of a plinth, in the form of a wall block and in the form of a bench. There are also in-floor convectors.

This heating device uses copper tube. The coolant moves along it. The tube is used as an air stimulator (hot air rises to the top, and cold air goes down). The air change process takes place in a metal box, which does not heat up.

Convector-type heating devices are suitable for rooms with low windows. Warm air from a convector installed near a window prevents cold air from entering.

Heating devices can be connected to centralized system, since it is designed for a pressure of 10 bar.

Heated towel rails

Advantages

1. variety of shapes and colors;
2. high pressure levels (16 bar).

Flaws

1. may not perform its functions due to seasonal interruptions in water supply.

Steel, copper and brass are used as manufacturing materials.

Heated towel rails are available in electric, water and combined types. Electric ones are not as economical as water ones, but they allow buyers not to depend on the availability of water supply. Combined heated towel rails must not be used if there is no water in the system.

Radiator selection

When choosing a radiator, you need to pay attention to the practicality of the heating element. Next, you need to remember the following characteristics:

• overall dimensions of the device;
• power (per 10 m2 area 1 kW);
• operating pressure (from 6 bar - for closed systems, from 10 bar for central systems);
• acidic characteristics of water as a coolant (this coolant is not suitable for aluminum radiators).

After clarifying the basic parameters, you can proceed to the selection of heating devices based on aesthetic indicators and the possibility of its modernization.

Only at first glance it seems that it is enough to install a boiler, lay pipes, connect radiators to them, and the heating system will be ready. In fact, the above is mandatory, but not a complete list of everything that is necessary. The heating equipment that is required to heat a private home will form a fairly impressive list, and the use of each element from such a list is conditioned by ensuring normal conditions for the operation of the entire system.

What is needed for this?

Some idea of ​​what equipment is used for heating a private house during its installation can be obtained from the figure below:

It should be noted right away that this is not a complete list. Additionally, it is necessary to take into account heating devices that directly heat the room. As an example, we can give another drawing that shows such elements, as well as some strapping.

Any detail of the heating equipment shown in the pictures deserves at least a brief mention in this review and, to the extent possible, this will be done.

About the various elements of the heating system

All components used for heating systems can be divided into several different groups.

This includes:

• hot water boiler;
• expansion tank;
• pump;
• burner;
• automatic operation control and boiler piping.

Depending on the system being created, various equipment for the heating system is used.

So, the boiler is determined by accessible form fuel, the expansion tank, depending on the type of system, can be open or closed, which is again determined by the heating system. All these questions - what equipment will be used for heating the house - must be resolved at the design stage.

It is enough to note that when choosing a heating system that uses natural circulation, no additional pump is required, so correct positioning the task as it should be will significantly reduce the costs of its creation. At the same time, components for heating a private house must be selected according to the parameters of specific operating conditions at the design stage.

Heating devices

They are no less important part of the heating system than the boiler. Suffice it to say that they directly heat the rooms. Today, heating heaters used are usually divided according to the type of materials used in their manufacture. As a rule, these are radiators:

• aluminum;
• bimetallic;
• steel;
• cast iron.

There are other options for classifying such devices - by price (budget, premium), design (standard form, exclusive, individual), reliability and many other factors.

But regardless of the approach and the differences, these are primarily heating devices of the heating system, and this is how they should be evaluated. Efficiency, service life and reliability should be the basis for the selection of such devices.

Pipes

The selection of similar heating system components is no less extensive. The most commonly used materials for heating a private home are:

• metal, including
• steel;
• copper;
• galvanized;
• stainless;
• polymer, including:
• polyethylene;
• metal-plastic;
• polypropylene;
• reinforced

The choice of one type of pipe or another largely depends on the capabilities of the creator of the heating system. So, copper, for all its advantages, is expensive, the same applies to stainless and galvanized pipes. In many cases, the choice of method of connecting them becomes decisive; metal ones most often require welding or soldering, as well as the use threaded connections, which implies the possession of certain skills. In addition, such pipes are heavy and inconvenient to use. But they have high mechanical strength

Polymer pipes do not have such disadvantages; among them, polypropylene pipes are especially popular, and according to the recommendations of experts, preference should be given to reinforced ones polypropylene pipes. However, special welding is required to connect them, but it is quite simple, and the pipes themselves are quite affordable.

Equally important is the ability to freely select the necessary fittings - elements that allow you to connect different sections of the pipeline and change the direction of its laying. At the same time, the possibility of connecting pipes from different materials, for example, iron and polymer.

Therefore, when choosing materials for heating, such as pipes, it is necessary to take into account many additional factors, including their price, which will not be unimportant. It largely depends on the type of wiring chosen - two-pipe or one-pipe.

Shut-off and control valves

Must be considered an integral part of the heating system. Its purpose is temperature control, which can be carried out by changing the coolant flow both at the outlet of the heating boiler and at any point in the pipeline. For this purpose, various components are used; for heating, the following are used as control elements:

• valves, Ball Valves and valves;
• pressure reducers;
• pressure and flow sensors;
• air vents and rotary dampers;
• check valves;
• safety, shut-off and balancing valves;
• pressure gauges;
• thermostatic devices.

Such fittings are installed in necessary places, starting from heating boilers and ending directly with heating radiators.

Filters

The considered home heating equipment will be incomplete if we ignore such components as filters. They prevent debris from entering the boiler and ensure that clean water. Structurally they can be different shapes(oblique, straight) and different diameters, allowing their use in any pipelines.

How to make a choice

Given short review allows you to understand the difficulties faced in creating a heating system. There are many recommendations and reviews describing the merits of this or that element, but do not forget that heating a house is a difficult task, and if you do it incorrectly, it will be you, and not the authors of the reviews, who will freeze in the cold. Therefore, when designing a heating system, it is necessary to use the services of specialists, long time involved in this matter.

Well, any reviews must be evaluated exactly as reference material, allowing for a better understanding of the challenges at hand.

The equipment used to create heating cannot be considered in isolation from the system itself. It is the principles of its operation, type and construction options that mainly determine what equipment needs to be used.

It doesn’t matter how well the renovation is done in the house and how well the layout of the rooms is planned, because if the heating devices in the room are not working properly, it is unlikely that it will be possible to achieve comfortable conditions for accommodation. Therefore, the first priority of owners who do major renovation indoors or under construction new house from scratch, is the correct selection and installation of optimal heating devices.

In most families, the leading cost item is communal payments are heating costs. This is also worth considering when choosing heating devices for a heating system in a hardware store, because each device, depending on the design and specification, differs in terms of rated power, heat transfer and efficiency.

In a home heating system, basic heating devices are presented various types radiators and convectors. When choosing a radiator, first of all you should focus on the material from which it is made, since it is this factor that affects the practicality, wear resistance and durability of the devices. When buying a convector, you should take into account its power and the possibility of automatic operation.

Characteristics of devices made of various metals

Today they are popular heating equipment from such metals as: bimetal, steel, cast iron. Let's look at them in more detail.

Bimetal

Innovative bimetallic heating devices are by far the most functional. They ideally complement heating systems of any type and are distinguished by the fact that they combine best sides steel and aluminum batteries. It is light in weight, resulting in ease of installation, exceptional heat transfer and an aesthetic appearance that will decorate even a designer-renovated apartment. A radiator reflector installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations will help improve the efficiency of a bimetallic radiator.

Steel

also have positive heat transfer rates, however, they are less durable due to the fact that the steel is subject to corrosion - therefore, the devices may not be suitable for central heating systems. As for aluminum analogues, they have high efficiency and guarantee efficient performance, however, in the heating system they are subject to rapid mechanical wear due to pressure and the action of heavy metal salts present in the coolant. Such radiators often break, so a jumper to the heating battery is needed - it will allow you to replace the device without stopping the functioning of the entire system.

Cast iron

The most primitive option is considered to be cast iron heating devices for water heating systems at home.

Cast iron batteries are durable, wear-resistant and can even be used in systems with poor quality coolant.

However, some owners avoid installing cast iron appliances because of their high weight, which requires the presence of a reliable wall structure for drilling powerful brackets, and their unsightly appearance, which requires the purchase of a box. To install such a device, the owner will need to buy a key for heating radiators and prepare a whole set of auxiliary tools.

Differences in design and operating principles

Commercially available heating devices - convectors, radiators, finned tubes and smooth-tube devices - may differ in design and operating principle. Depending on the design features, heating devices can be placed along the walls or built into specially prepared niches.

Moreover, regardless of the type of construction, radiators and pipes work on the same principle - they use their surface to transfer energy from the heating body - the coolant, through their body into the environment. Oil or water is most often used as a coolant in residential buildings, while in industrial buildings it can be hot steam.

Radiator design From the design features of radiators we can make obvious conclusions – the larger the surface area of ​​the radiator housing in contact with environment , those more heat

he will deliver it to the premises. To achieve maximum efficiency with small dimensions, manufacturers have proposed compressing the working areas of heating devices and giving them a more compact appearance. Among such developments are panel and, in which the coolant circulates inside special articulated channels.

This solution made it possible to achieve maximum thermal efficiency and effective heat transfer of the radiator while reducing its external dimensions. When such a radiator operates, large volumes of air mass are involved in heat exchange, as a result of which it ensures uniform heating of the room. The thermal efficiency of a radiator depends not only on the volume of air circulating around it, but also on the availability of conditions in the room for natural air convection. This is worth remembering for owners who use decorative boxes or install furniture in front of the radiator. These objects create barriers to optimal heat distribution, become an obstacle to effective air circulation and reduce the efficiency of the heating device. Therefore, having correctly arranged the pieces of furniture in the room, the owner can take the heating boiler control panel, select work and enjoy the comfort of your home.

Convector design

Unlike radiators, a convector works according to a different scheme. The heating controller sends a signal to it and the heating element located under the casing is switched on. Heated air spreads throughout the room by convection and increases the temperature. However, if the room uses outdated models of convectors, you will need to install an air humidifier on the heating radiator to maintain optimal level humidity. Old models of convectors dry out the air greatly and contribute to the creation of an uncomfortable microclimate; new models do not have these shortcomings.

Using auxiliary elements to optimize the operation of heating devices

To improve the performance of heating devices connected to the circuit, the owner may need to auxiliary equipment. This is a unloading relay for an electric boiler, which allows you to smoothly regulate power and make the operation of heating devices connected to the circuit more efficient, or thermal heads for heating radiators - high-tech devices designed for automatic regulation temperature in the circuit.

It is worth paying attention to GSM heating control - a module that allows you to remotely control the operation of heating devices.

It helps the owner receive reports on the temperature in the room, the health of devices in the circuit, and also allows for remote setting of the operating mode of the heating system. Modern models remote heating control suggest that the optimal temperature can be selected for each room temperature regime. For this purpose, all heating appliances in the house are equipped automatic regulators temperature. You can read more about thermostats.

The optimal combination in the heating system of basic and auxiliary devices will allow you to achieve the most efficient operation of the circuit and will contribute to more economical consumption of energy resources.

A heating device operating on the radiation-convective principle is called a radiator. The hollow design of the housing allows, by passing any coolant, to heat the outer surface of the metal device. And then from the sections of the heated radiator thermal energy radiated into the room.

Heat exchangers intended for heating indoor air are made of various alloys. This approach provides maximum performance heat transfer in each specific case:

Aluminum appliances and their modifications, due to their high heat transfer, are in demand in individual construction, with gentle operating modes and careful preparation of the coolant.

Cast iron radiators, familiar to most Russians, represent an economical option for heating systems where it is impossible to monitor the quality of the water.

Copper tubes with aluminum fins are heating element all convector water systems.

Steel radiators, due to their wide range of types, are the most popular option among consumers who follow fashionable foreign trends in interior design.

Aluminum sectional radiators

Radiators made of aluminum alloys are distinguished by their low weight and high efficiency. These factors are due to: easy installation and efficient operation of the heating element.

Declared by manufacturers as devices intended for use in central heating systems, they are not always suitable for use in old-style heating circuits, because heavy metal salts can destroy the polymer film covering the aluminum surface. This process, which continues for a long time, ultimately leads to rupture of the cast structure.

Provided that the coolant is controlled (using an autonomous heating system) and direct contact of dissimilar metals (copper or steel with aluminum) is avoided aluminum radiator guaranteed to last up to 25 years.

Working pressure of 6 - 16 bar allows you to connect the battery to central heating, but annual testing of the central system with a load of 10 bar requires a careful study of the declared parameters.

Injection-molded radiators can withstand greater loads than pressed extruded elements.

Bimetallic models

Bimetallic batteries have a complex structure made of steel or copper and aluminum. To avoid internal corrosion, the steel, which gives the structure strength, is coated with a thin polymer layer. Aluminum, which has high thermal conductivity, is used for casting outer surface evaporator (wide radiator fins). Thanks to the thin-walled rolled steel inside the device and large aluminum sections, the weight of the radiator remains insignificant, while the steel component allows it to withstand pressures of up to 25 bar.

To prevent direct contact of the galvanizing metals, there is an insulating layer of paronite between them. Therefore, the service life of a bimetallic device is longer than that of any other heating element.

High efficiency and the possibility of quick installation allow you to effectively use bimetallic radiator very good for heating large areas(exhibition halls, trade pavilions). Portable bimetallic oil instruments, thanks to high density thermal carrier, will provide local thermal curtain in any enclosed space.

Cast iron heating devices

Radiators composed of cast iron sections, are not subject to corrosion. The properties of the cast iron alloy provide good heat transfer, and the ability to manufacture decoratively designed sections indicates competitiveness.

Among the disadvantages cast iron batteries heating - significant weight and fragility inherent in thin cast iron. The average weight for one section is 5 kg. But appliances made of cast iron hold high pressure, can be equipped with additional sections, and are completely undemanding to the quality of the coolant, and working temperature water can reach 130°C. Heating appliances made of cast iron have a significant service life (about 40 years). Even if the sections are covered from the inside with mineral deposits (due to long-term operation in systems with “hard” water), this will not affect the thermal conductivity of cast iron and general indicators heat transfer.

The variety of types of sections of modern cast iron radiators (1-, 2- and 3-channel, classic and embossed, standard and enlarged) allows you to choose the option that is necessary in each specific case, taking into account all significant factors.

The panel design of a steel battery has a number of its own advantages, the main of which can be considered increased heat transfer. After all, in the radiator body there are channels for coolant, the useful volume of which is larger than that of cast iron analogues. At the same time, the steel heats up faster. Consequently, at the same cost, a modern steel radiator heats up more than an outdated cast iron one. This feature makes steel panels in demand in individual construction, especially in conditions of severe resource conservation.

The range of steel panel-type heating devices includes batteries with lower side supply. Built-in heat regulators provide constant temperature control, and the thin-walled (no more than 2 mm) design instantly responds to changes in the position of the thermostat. Even the fastening system is thought out to the maximum - almost invisible brackets will securely fix the radiator on the wall or floor.

The low pressure (9 bar) declared for steel panels does not allow them to be massively connected to the central heating system with its significant overloads.

Tubular design steel radiator significant shortcomings, except high cost, does not have. The price of the device is determined by the combination of expensive material and its low heat transfer (due to its specific tubular shape).

Due to its design features, a heating device assembled from steel sections brings not only practical benefits by heating the room. Appearance classic model A tubular radiator can decorate a room; simulated figured structures can become a starting point in developing a design concept.

Steel is susceptible to corrosion, and anti-corrosion treatment of the finished product will only increase its cost - that’s why radiators are no longer produced from ordinary steel. It is technologically possible to assemble a tubular structure from galvanized steel. Individual segments are connected spot welding in the collector area. Moreover ready product completely symmetrical, which allows installation without preliminary pipe routing. This radiator does not corrode and can withstand a system pressure of 12 bar, so it can be purchased for installation in multi-story buildings.

Heating devices of convector type

The operating principle of convectors is based on the natural property of cold air to sink down and hot air to rise upward. A copper tube through which the coolant passes is used as a stimulator of this circulation. For efficient heat transfer, the tube is equipped with aluminum plates. They heat the descending cold air, forming a heat flow. The entire process takes place inside a metal box, maximally open at the bottom and partially open at the top. Moreover, the box itself does not heat up. Sometimes supply fans are used to increase air supply.

Such elements heating system, allowing you to quickly heat the room, can be made in the form of a separate wall block, bench, or baseboard. In-floor convectors are produced.

This is the only thing the right decision when installing a heating system in a room with low window sills or full-wall windows, because the convector installed near the window rises warm air, blocking the way to the cold coming from the window

Classic models are designed for a pressure of 10 bar, so they can be connected to a centralized system.

Brass, copper and steel are used as materials for the production of water heated towel rails. Models made of brass are designed to work with coolant of neutral acidity, copper and steel are able to operate uninterruptedly in any system. High pressure testing pressure (16 bar) allows you to install heated towel rails both in the heating circuit and in the hot water supply system. In any case, at a pressure of 6 to 10 bar, the device functions trouble-free.

The disadvantage of a water appliance is that seasonal interruptions in hot water supply lead to forced downtime in the operation of the heated towel rail. For the rest, thanks wide range, even a demanding consumer will be able to make a choice.

Electric heated towel rails, while performing the same functions as water ones, are not as economical. But the opportunity to not depend on water supply forces citizens to purchase an electrical appliance.

Combined models imply the presence of electric heating elements in the water heated towel rail. The low popularity of water-electric appliances is due to the fact that if there is no water in the system, they are prohibited from being used.

Radiator as a design element

The most common design radiators can be considered modern water heated towel rails. Species diversity models are encouraged to experiment in bathroom design. However, both in the living room and in the hallway you can install a heating device, skillfully disguised as a mirror, or made in the form of an abstract bas-relief. Lately Illuminated models are becoming popular. Moreover, only the owner of the house knows that this is a functioning radiator.

Indoor design radiators are not cheap devices, so safe operation they think directly at the factory. Moreover, the product is one-piece and is manufactured after a thorough analysis of the heating system and operating conditions.

Cannot be found negative sides in devices that ideally combine practical functionality and aesthetic appearance. The only thing worth remembering when purchasing a ready-made heating device abroad on your own is the possible inconsistency of a beautiful radiator designed for two-pipe system, ours, single-pipe. After all, if the suspicions are confirmed, then the miracle of design will gather dust in the closet.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing a radiator

The selection of the required radiator must be carried out, first of all, from a practical point of view. That is, technical characteristics:

Power - at the rate of 1 kW per 10 sq. m.

Working pressure – for central systems from 10 bar, for closed systems – from 6 bar.

Dimensions - so as not to subsequently redo the opening.

It is worth remembering that the acidic characteristics of the coolant (water) are one of the most significant factors when selecting heating system elements. For example, a water acidity index of 8 or higher is not suitable for aluminum radiators.

Once the basic parameters have been determined, you can suitable options choose models that correspond to your own aesthetic ideas.

Do not forget about possible breakdowns (even if the seller claims to be half a century old) warranty period operation) and real possibility repair (modernization). After all, having at 20 meter room three-section cast iron radiator, theoretically, you can count on connecting additional sections, which cannot be said about an incorrectly selected bimetallic device, which, in a similar case, will have to be completely replaced.