External study at school: a privilege or a real opportunity. You can graduate from school as an external student, but is it worth it?

Among Moscow schoolchildren, the fashion for external studies is gaining momentum. Over the past decade, the number of external students in the capital has increased almost 20 times and in 2003 amounted to more than 11 thousand.

Traditionally, children who lived abroad with their parents for a long time, disabled children and a few child prodigies who independently coped with the school curriculum for several years studied in the form of an external student. Today, a good reason is not required to leave school and go to an external student. Now everyone can study externally, who either has no time, or does not like it, or is simply contraindicated to sit at a desk every day. Basically, of course, these are high school students who save time to prepare for universities. They have already made their choice and are interested in getting rid of "extra" subjects, quickly passing exams and engaging with tutors and courses. In one place they receive a document on education, in another - the education itself. Combining these things is almost impossible.

More and more parents are being transferred to external studies and children of middle school age who do not develop relationships with teachers or classmates. Part of the externs are teenagers who are professionally engaged in art, sports and other activities that absorb all their time. External studies are especially popular among boys who want to finish school early and have a spare year before the army to enter a university.

In response to demand, as it should be, supply arises. Today, a fairly organized and managed system of external schools has developed in Moscow.

Free external study
The official external study is a free program that allows the student to study independently (in all or in certain subjects) and come to school only to take exams. At the same time, the training period is not reduced. As explained in the Moscow Department of Education, any public school is obliged to provide such an option for free, it is enough just to write an application addressed to the director. In addition, in each district of the city there are so-called basic external schools. The set of services paid from the pocket of the metropolitan department of education includes two consultations before each exam, laboratory classes and the exams themselves. An external student has the right to borrow textbooks from the library, take part in various olympiads and competitions and centralized testing. Theoretically, parents who are independently engaged in the education of the child and freed the state from this obligation should even receive monetary compensation according to the budget standard, this is somewhere around 3-4 thousand rubles. quarterly.

But this is all pure externship, regulated by official documents - the law "On Education" and the regulation "On Obtaining General Education in the Form of External Study". Such an external study is suitable in two cases: either your child does not want to study and needs to be held out until receiving a certificate, or, conversely, he wants to, but prefers and can do it on his own.

In practice, the majority of today's students are attracted by another form of education, in which the duration of training is halved - the so-called intensive.

Paid intensive
This opportunity is offered by schools that have licenses to provide additional educational services (for a fee). To date, many even municipal, not to mention private, schools have established the work of intensive groups. Classes are held 3-5 times a week. These are lectures and seminars with mandatory homework and testing based on the results of mastering the topic. The program of the 10th-11th grades is studied in one year, only the 11th - in 4.5 months (from October to January or from February to May).

You can study in groups, take individual consultations, and also receive assignments via the Internet.

The differences between the curriculum in secondary school and in the external intensive course are quite large. Education is built, as a rule, according to a modular system: I learned the subject completely - and passed it. (By the way, many people think that this "immersion" learning system is more effective than the traditional one.) The student is given only the basis of the subject in the form of blocks of topics, the amount of information is maximally compressed - for example, chemistry in the 11th grade is studied for 20 hours instead of the usual 70. The number of exams for intermediate certification should not exceed 12 per year.

In the final classes, a winter session is provided for passing most of the current exams. And only centralized final exams - essays and mathematics - all students, regardless of the form of education, pass at the same time. You can retake current exams as much as you like. Therefore, in an external study it is much easier to get a good certificate than in a regular school. True, the possibility and procedure for obtaining a medal based on the results of exams through an external student has not yet been clearly defined.

What is the price
The cost of individual consultations is basically standard, like that of ordinary tutors. Being engaged in a group, of course, you will have to pay much less. On average, prices range from 100 to 150 rubles per hour. Thus, if you don't show off, then half a year of study in a public school can cost $500, while in a non-state school it is about twice as much.

One final piece of advice: if you're studying as an external student at a non-public school or training center, it's a good idea to make sure they have an agreement to take their exams at an accredited public school. Otherwise, studying in the "intensive" can stretch for a long time and turn into a waste of time and money.

In this article I will talk about external studies, what it is and how our daughter graduated from school as an external student. Well, first things first.

Until the fifth grade, Nastya went to school, like all her peers. Moreover, it should be noted that we often moved, so we managed to study at the gymnasium, and at lyceums, and at an ordinary secondary school. She was often sick, did not want to wake up in the morning, especially in cold weather. At that time we lived in Siberia.

While she was in elementary school, there were no special problems with teachers. When we moved to the fifth grade, each of the teachers began to make their own increased demands. Many of the requirements did not concern studies, but boiled down to the correctness of filling out notebooks, checklists, and diaries.

There was one case when Nastya was given a B for the control. The teacher considered that the control used a word that is not in the Russian language. When we brought the dictionary and showed this word, the teacher replied that the grade had already been given, and she would not correct it.

Another incident occurred at a new school. At the French lesson, the teacher, in front of the whole class, announced that she was not going to repeat all the topics because of her alone. By this, she discouraged the desire of the child to go to French lessons.
It does not make sense to list everything, I will only generalize that it is punishable for a child to have an opinion that is different from the opinion of teachers at school.

So many things piled on her, and we increasingly began to notice that the child was depressed. From a sociable, extraordinary little man, she began to turn into a closed and ordinary person.
It was necessary to find a way out of this situation. At that moment, Yu. Moroz's mailing about the dangers of school caught my eye, and it further strengthened our intention to abandon schooling.

I started looking for information on the Internet, and all I found was the Regulations on external studies. My daughter was 10 years old at the time, but we all sat down together, told her about the external study, and she made the first responsible decision in her life.
This was not the only change in our life, we decided to move from the city to the countryside, to clean air and organic products. No sooner said than done. April 21, 2007 we arrived in the village. Kurai, Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Since there was 1 month left until the end of the school year, it was decided to go to school from the next school year. By September, we had collected all the available information about the external study and went to school.

It should be noted that there was a shock at school, what an external student, why don't we want Nastya to just go to school like everyone else. Adult, educated people could not understand that this was our daughter's decision, and we respect it. They began to frighten us that she would not be able to pass the exam, that she would not have communication with her peers, and that without a certificate they would not take her for a husband.

To which we answered, the time will come to take the exam, we'll see. About communication, when children communicate at school, in the classroom, the teacher will not let you communicate, you need to listen to him, and the change is 5 minutes. Children communicate after school, so we don’t lock Nastya at home, nothing prevents her from communicating. And it's too early to think about marriage.

In general, no matter how the teachers resisted, all the same, the law is the law, and they had to accept Nastya to school with an external student mark. It is clear that for them this is new and unfamiliar, much more familiar to work in the old fashioned way.

We wrote an application, and the head teacher, together with Nastya, made a plan for passing the exams. In just a year, she handed over 10-12 subjects. True, at first, at school, because they didn’t know what an external student was, they wanted to force her to study as at home. And there you need to take all the control every quarter. We again had to figure out the difference between home schooling and external studies ourselves, and explain it to teachers.

Nastya's training looked like this, those subjects that she considered easy for herself, she put in the first place. And I took 1 week to prepare for each. I left those that were more difficult for later, and left more time for preparation, from 2 weeks to a month.

Then it's a matter of technique, as they say. For example, she read geography, a textbook in 5 days, then 2 days to answer questions and look at maps, and you can go to take it.

It turns out that for a whole week, she studies one subject, without being distracted by anything. If you need advice on a certain subject, we agreed with the teachers, this is allowed by the regulations on external studies.

During the academic year, Nastya passed all the exams and was transferred to the next class.

In 2009, we had twins, and we once again moved to the village. Dzerzhinskoye, the administrative center of the district.

The school here was bigger, but the problems are the same. In this school, too, no one knew anything about the external student. At first, we were treated with distrust as to how she would pass her exams. But six months later, they realized that Nastya was a very serious person, and put up with her choice.

After that, in one year she passed the exams for two classes at once.

In the 9th grade, the school principal again began to scare Nastya GIA, and wanted her to switch to regular education. But Nastya did not succumb to their tricks, and remained on the external course. After passing the GIA, we were left alone for a whole year.
In the 11th grade, the situation repeated itself. Nastya was also an external student, and even refused to write a trial exam. After passing the intermediate certification, and these are 12 exams, she was admitted to the exam.

She passed it with good results, and received a certificate without triples. And already at the presentation of the certificate, the director of the school said that our Nastya is a unique person.

For all the time that her daughter studied as an external student, she never regretted her decision. She had a lot of free time, which she used for self-education. I learned to draw, take pictures, taught English. She did what she was interested in.

Now Nastya is 18 years old, she is very sociable, purposeful. Engaged in photography and design, loves to travel and communicate with friends. Her work can be viewed on her website stacy-photo.com contact page http://vk.com/id239483224

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And they are in a hurry to live, and they are in a hurry to act - St. Petersburg children are increasingly graduating from school as an external student

In 2006, about 1,500 St. Petersburg schoolchildren studied externally. This form of education is becoming more and more popular, and the institutes are already accustomed to 13-14-year-old applicants. And although there is an opinion that an external student does not provide a comprehensive education and provokes bribery, the Ministry of Education encourages this form of education. Today, the management is obliged to provide the student with access to external studies only on the basis of the application of his parents.

Externat has existed since Soviet times, but then a special order from the head of the rono was required for registration. In St. Petersburg there were two schools that were allowed to take exams externally, in the nineties all evening shift educational institutions already used this, and according to the new provision, any general education school that has state accreditation can have external students, since this is enshrined in its charter .

If parents want their child to study externally, they must write an application addressed to the principal of the school, who has no right to refuse. But in practice, the teacher may be opposed to independent learning. - The director said that if I want my child to study externally, I must transfer him to another school, - says Irina, an accountant for a construction company. - In our school, he says, this is not practiced. Why should I care if there is a law?! My friend was asked for a bribe for the external examination and was hinted that later she would have to pay for each exam. Some schools require you to attend paid lectures, without them they are not allowed to take the exam. Many teachers believe that all external students disdain school, hire expensive teachers, so they can and should be "milked".

In St. Petersburg, there are at least 5-6 private centers that help organize external education for a child. They are ready to take over the organization of the educational process at a convenient time for the child with an emphasis on the subjects chosen by him. According to unofficial information, some of them take it upon themselves to negotiate with school teachers in order to avoid annoying failures in exams. According to some estimates, "accompaniment" by a company of one external student can cost 5-7 thousand dollars a year, but many parents are not afraid of such amounts.

Many school psychologists note that the external child quickly learns responsibility. If a person from the age of seven independently determines what he should study today and when he will play with his peers in the yard, then it is impossible to force him to do something against his will. And this is best suited to today's boom in individualism in society.

In the most prestigious MGIMO, a quarter of applicants are children under 16 years old. This year, a 14-year-old girl was seen in the admission committee of St Petersburg University, who independently studied six foreign languages. These are the new kids. They pass any action through their own “why”, put an exclamation point at the end and do not expect an answer from us. However, if in the United States every year about 1 million children graduate from school as an external student, then in Russia - less than 20 thousand.

COMMENTS

Tatyana Fedorova, Chief Specialist of the Committee on Education of the Administration of St. Petersburg:

Today, external studies are part of the free education system. External students receive a certificate of standard form, which does not indicate that they studied outside the school. Externs can receive gold and silver medals.

Natalia Novikova, director of the school:

More and more children who want to study the program of two classes in a year. I don't think it's very cool. As a rule, behind this decision are the ambitions of parents who want to have a child prodigy. And all his life he has to be in the role of catching up, he has a feeling of constant time pressure. As a result, children become overwhelmed, begin to hate learning, they have nervous breakdowns. And for what? For dad to maintain an image of success in front of his friends.

Alexey Churakov, private teacher:

Studying in any, even the best, school means leveling. And now many children in wealthy families receive an excellent education at home with the help of tutors. Once in a regular school, such children are forced to study things they already know together with everyone else, they experience boredom and apathy. Externship gives them the opportunity not to linger in development, to feel like a winner.

WHO STUDIES EXTERNALLY

There are many young talents among the externs: athletes, musicians. For example, a child has several hours of training and rehearsals a day, he goes to competitions and tours and does not have the opportunity to attend school with everyone.

External study helps if, for example, the child is not given physics or the teacher is biased towards him. He can take this one subject in a private external school - and the grade must be accepted.

The young man dropped out of school after the 9th grade, and a few years later he decided to go to college. Passing the high school program as an external student is the only way for him to get a high school diploma.

External study is necessary for children who have serious health problems and are unable to attend school.

Zaochka is actively used by children of foreigners, who find it difficult to study in a regular Russian school in a non-native language. And vice versa: if a child temporarily lives with his parents in Germany, but wants to study under the Russian program, he has access to part-time education. To do this, the external school sends him a curriculum, work plan, textbooks, tests that he must complete. He will only have to come to the exams in order to receive a certificate.

They go to external studies to prepare for entering the university. To do this, they abandon all the subjects in order to focus on the three or four required for the entrance exams.

Is there an external form in the law?
The Law retains the form of external attestation. In fact, this is no different from external studies as a form of education according to the old Law. After all, even before, all the relationships between external students and the educational institution were reduced precisely to attestation. Everything else that went beyond the scope of certification was carried out by schools only as paid educational services.

In what form of training is it possible to receive training if there is no longer an external study in the law?
Now schools can accept documents for family education, for self-education, certification for both of these forms is carried out externally.

What is the difference between ordinary students and external students?
The question of the difference between traditional schoolchildren and external students worries both parents and students. There is a difference between them, but it is not in favor of ... schoolchildren. It would seem that the level of knowledge of schoolchildren, who work much more with teachers at school than external students (we are talking about an external student with additional consultations), should be higher compared to students using the “speedy” method. But let's see.
Teachers note: external students have a positive motivation to study. They understand that graduating from school is only a step on the way to their future, and the latter is already tangible for them (almost all of them are preparing to enter universities). These guys want independence and get it. Externs are distinguished by a healthy pressure in their studies. They do not ask teachers the question “why do I need this?”, because they themselves know the answer to it. They do not say phrases like "I'm not interested", since each of them has its own goal, and a vital one.
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Is it possible to study externally at your school, or is it a separate specialized school?
An external study is a form of attestation, which may also be available at the school where you study. There are no specialized schools that teach only external students. If you are ready to study completely on your own, and only take exams at school, then you should not go to another school.
If you need additional exam preparation classes (intensive, distance learning), then it makes sense to move to another school that has experience in conducting such classes for external students. But in this case, you need to consider that not only you will choose, but also you.
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Is it necessary to transfer the child to alternative forms of education?
First of all, you need to decide which form of education suits you best: full-time, part-time, part-time, family, self-education. You can use distance technologies, an individual curriculum, accelerated learning, a combination of different forms of education.
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Am I eligible to go external? Does my regular school have the right to refuse me an external study?
You have the right to switch to self-education, but this does not mean that every school is obliged to work with external students. The school may refuse to transfer a student if it does not conduct external assessment.

Is it possible to combine studying at your school and studying as an external student?
You cannot study in two secondary schools at the same time. You can only additionally prepare for exams at the second educational institution, but you can take exams only at the school where your documents are located.

Is preparation for an external study required, what should I pay attention to in the 8th grade?
If we talk about special preparation for external studies, then this is, first of all, the ability to work independently. This is what you need to pay attention to.

Terms of study in external studies

What is the class schedule for grade 11 - do they go through the program in 6 months? Are there no classes in the second half of the year?
In all schools, regardless of the schedule, consultations and trial exams are held in the second half of the year. Intermediate certification usually takes place in December-January, sometimes classes run until March.

Is it possible to finish 11th grade in half the school year?
It is possible to pass an intensive course (classes for preparing for exams in the 11th grade program) in one academic semester, but you will need to take the exam together with everyone, you just will have more time to prepare for the exam. The final attestation in the form of the Unified State Exam takes place all over the country in May-June.

Is it possible to study as an external student without shortening the study period?
In an external study, you can study without reducing the terms of study. Reduction or increase in terms of training is possible only at the request of the student and parents.

Is it possible to complete grades 8-9 as an external student in one year, and then complete grades 10-11 at a normal pace, in 2 years?
External study is possible with a reduction in the terms of study, but this is only at the request of the parents and the child. You can switch to training at any time without reducing the training period.

What subjects are included in the programs - 10+, 10-11, 11?
Classes are held in all subjects of the school curriculum, exams are held in the same subjects. According to the regulations on external studies, it was not necessary to pass certification in physical education, art and technology. Now, according to the Law on Education, it is necessary to pass certification in all subjects of the general education program, including the MHC, physical education, life safety, if such are provided for by the curriculum.
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External education
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What do students receive in the Intensive programs?
Intensive - classes at school in all subjects, the study of subjects is mainly block (the main subjects - throughout the year, the rest - with immersion, for several weeks, then immediately the students take the exam and do not return to this subject again). The study of the subject takes place according to the basic program, i.e. all the main content of the subject is given.
Preparation for the exam is given during the study of the main program, in the second half of the year there are trial exams and consultations.
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Will it be possible for me not to study in those subjects that I do not need, and not to take exams in them at school, to refuse these subjects altogether?
No. When studying in any form, you must pass certification in all subjects of the state standard and complete the curriculum. Otherwise, you will not be transferred to the next grade, and in grades 9 and 11 you will not be admitted to the state final certification and, as a result, you will not receive a certificate of education.
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External study and distance learning
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How are they doing remotely?
- Get access to educational materials.
- You are assigned a curator, to whom you can contact at any time for advice on all organizational issues.
- A schedule for the study of each subject is drawn up, tests and tests are assigned.
- You work through all materials that include:
theory (reference books, basic rules, formulas and regulations, visual diagrams and tables, examples, quotations, data tables, historical references and biographies);
Additional materials;
interactive workshops;
training tests.
Online lessons are scheduled, where students communicate with the teacher.
You can ask your teacher for advice.

How difficult is it to pass certification in non-core subjects in the case of distance learning? Can I take exams in person?
Distance learning allows you to save time as much as possible, not only due to the absence of the need to spend it on the road and review lectures, which often do little for the student. Distance technologies allow you to carefully organize training in all subjects, distributing time during the academic year.
Non-core subjects are usually given during the first half of the year in order to free up the second half of the year as much as possible to prepare for the OGE and the Unified State Examination. The training materials are designed in such a way as to get the maximum result with a minimum investment of time. In addition to texts, there are video lectures, video consultations, for example, with problem analysis, test tasks that will allow you to check your level of preparation. If the student does not understand something, at any time he can seek advice from the teacher.
Of course, certification can be taken in person, moreover, in the main subjects it always takes place in person. And only in case of impossibility of full-time presence (illness, unforeseen situation), remote certification is organized online. This is very important not only in order to detect student problems in a timely manner, it is essential for the student's confidence that he is ready for the exam.
The face-to-face assessment format disciplines the student while giving him self-confidence.

What is online learning?
Online learning is used in various forms of learning, including face-to-face teaching. These are remote technologies, which are described in sufficient detail in the Law on Education. In accordance with the Law, not only distance education is possible in all classes, it is possible to pass intermediate certification remotely. Distance learning in the Online (Internet school) includes compulsory education in all basic academic subjects: Russian, literature, English, algebra, geometry, computer science and ICT, history, social studies (including economics and law), geography, biology, physics, chemistry.

USE in external studies

What subjects are handed over to the exam in an external study? Is it possible to prepare well for the Unified State Examination by studying in grade 11 2 times a week for 1 semester?
State final certification in the form of a unified state exam is a mandatory requirement for all 11th grade graduates, regardless of the form of education. Without the exam, the graduate will not receive a certificate. The USE for external students is no different from the USE for all other students. Moreover, students all take exams together.
Graduates of grade 11 take 2 compulsory subjects - Russian and mathematics (mathematics can be passed basic and / or profile), the rest - by choice (optional).
Intensive classes 2 times a week will allow you to cope with the main program of the 11th grade, you should not count on some kind of miracle, during this time it is unrealistic to give the 11th grade program and prepare for the exam. To prepare for the exam, special classes are required. Of course, if it is enough for a student to pass Russian and mathematics for satisfactory results, intensive classes may well be enough.
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What are the results for children? How are these results achieved?
Among our graduates, the results of the Unified State Examination (OGE) are higher than in traditional education, because students can purposefully prepare for exams.
Expulsion - only if the student does not attend classes at school and does not study. The training program is selected so that the student can prepare.
The reasons for achieving high results are simple:
A school with extensive experience in organizing education.
Experience with alternative forms of education, the use of modern pedagogical and information technologies.
Responsible approach to work with students, support of the educational process.
Reasonable cost of education, which allows, on the one hand, to organize a full-fledged and effective educational process, on the other hand, to attract strong students to training.

How to combine schooling and university education?
Actually, externalization can be considered as a solution to this problem. The choice of external education is a thoughtful and balanced result of discussions between the child and parents on the forms of education. Students very often enter external studies precisely to combine classes according to the basic curriculum of schools and prepare for the OGE and the Unified State Examination.

As an external student, will I take the exam along with ordinary 11th graders?
Yes, all school students, regardless of the form of education, take the USE all together on the main dates.

Is it possible to pass the exam ahead of schedule in an external study?
They have the right to take the exam ahead of schedule:
graduates of evening (shift) schools, drafted into the ranks of the Russian Army;
traveling to Russian or international sports competitions, competitions, reviews, olympiads and training camps;
traveling abroad for permanent residence or to continue their studies;
sent for medical reasons to medical and preventive and other institutions for medical and recreational and rehabilitation activities during the state (final) certification;
graduates of educational institutions of the Russian Federation located outside the Russian Federation, in countries with difficult climatic conditions.

Is it possible not to take the exam after the end of the 11th grade (I was told that it does not affect the certificate) and pass it the next year? I want to prepare for another year and pass the exam next year.
You will not receive a certificate without passing the exam. The certificate is received by students who successfully passed the exam. But the results of the exam really do not affect the grades in the certificate.
For admission to the university, the results of the exam are valid for four years.
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Is it possible to get a medal in an external course?
External graduates have equal rights when receiving a medal. There are no restrictions on the form of education. It must be remembered that the procedure for obtaining medals is determined by the subjects of the federation independently.
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Admission to university after graduation

After an external study, which universities can I enter? Do they pass the exam in the same way as everyone else?
- The form of study is not indicated in the certificate.
- Not a single university has ever restricted admission in connection with the form of education.
The exam is passed on an equal footing with everyone else, the documents receive the same as full-time students.

What document is issued to external students who have passed the state (final) certification?
External students who have passed the state (final) certification in a state accredited institution are issued a state document (certificate) of basic general or secondary (complete) general education.

Will I be able to enter higher education without problems, like a regular graduate? Or will it be written in the certificate that I graduated from school as an external student? How will this affect university admissions?
First, the certificate does not indicate the form of education.
Secondly, receiving an education in the form of an external student not only does not interfere with admission to universities, but just contributes. A significant number of students and graduates of the best Moscow universities graduated from school in the form of an external student.
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Which schools are assigned to universities?
Collaboration with universities made sense when graduations at school were at the same time entrance to the university, this has not been anywhere for a long time. All universities are required to accept according to the results of the Unified State Examination, + some conduct additional tests. All other cooperation with schools, ostensibly for subsequent admission to these universities, is only to collect money from parents.
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External studies after college

In the case of a transition after 1 year of college to school for the 10-11 program in 1 year, what subjects are counted?
Subjects are counted for which the volume of hours in the academic certificate corresponds to the volume of hours in the school curriculum. At best, the 1st course closes the 10th grade, but not in all subjects.

I went to college after 9th grade, finished 10th grade in college and got grades. Is it possible to start 11th grade at an external school right away?
Education under the programs of secondary vocational education does not imply the receipt of school documents on education. It is impossible to automatically equate the certification for the 1st semester in college with the 10th grade, it can be partially credited for the certification for the 10th grade.

Is it possible to study externally and college at the same time? Now I am in my 2nd year, I still have 4 years of study, and I would like to get a certificate of secondary education in a year. Is it possible to study in two places?
You can study, but you won’t be able to get a document on education, because. to school you need to pass a certificate for grade 9, and he is in college.

Is it possible, having studied in the first year of college from September to February, to pick up documents and go back to school in grade 10?
Can. But don't delay, at the end of the year it's harder to do so. And do not take documents from the college without prior agreement with the school.
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External study for junior classes

Is it possible to complete 3-4 grade externally in one academic year? What do we need to do? Where to apply?
The Law on Education does not limit the age or level of education for certification by an external student. First of all, clearly state what you want. These questions will help you decide:
- You want to pass certification under the program of grades 3-4 within one academic year. When will you be ready to take the intermediate certification for grade 3? For 4th grade?
- Are you ready to be certified in your school or do you want to do it in another?
- Will you independently prepare the child for certification?
After answering these questions for yourself, you can call our educational center and get advice.

Everyone has heard about the externship. Many are even sure that they imagine what it is. This article is not for them, but for those who do not feel such confidence, but would like to know more.

In recent years, that is, throughout the entire existence of the system of external schools in Moscow, there has been a steady trend towards an increase in the number of external students. This is caused, on the one hand, by the gradual dissemination of information about general education external studies as a form of educational services (which can be attributed to subjective factors) and, on the other hand, by an increase in the objective need for these services.

What is an external? This is a form of education that involves independent study of general education programs at various levels of primary, secondary (complete) general education, followed by intermediate and state (final) certification in a general education institution with state accreditation. Certification can also be carried out in non-governmental institutions that have passed accreditation and have the right to issue state documents.

The legislative basis of the external study is the “Approximate regulation on obtaining general education in the form of an external study”. External study involves independent, including accelerated, development of general educational programs in individual subjects, classes, subject courses.

Externalities have existed for more than a dozen years. Previously, in Moscow there were only two or three of them per district. They were allowed to study in them for children who lived with their parents abroad, for disabled people or “geniuses” who were able to study on their own, without supervision and prodding. A few years ago, all secondary schools were allowed to open external studies. According to the estimates of the Ministry of Education, only 15-20% of external students are those who are recommended this form of education for medical or social reasons. The rest assume thus to save time, effort and nerves for entering a university. According to the ministry, over the past ten years, the number of children studying the school curriculum through external studies has increased tenfold.

The main motives that motivate children and their parents to give preference to external studies over the usual, full-time, form of general education, are well known. Basically, this is: the desire to free up time for targeted preparation for entering the university, studying at the preparatory department and (or) with tutors; for professional activities; the desire to deal primarily with those school subjects that are subjectively interesting and (or) necessary for subsequent activities; if it is impossible or difficult to attend school every day (due to illness, sports training, rehearsals, etc.).

As a rule, external students are: high school students who are preparing to enter a university; high school students, active members of sports clubs and teams traveling to training camps and competitions; high school students, members of choreographic and theater groups. The number of externs is rapidly increasing. This is facilitated by an increase in the teaching load in the upper grades of the school, especially in specialized schools, gymnasiums, lyceums; the rapidly decreasing probability of entering prestigious Moscow universities without the help of a tutor. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Ilya Mechnikov, Innokenty Annensky, Muslim Magomaev, Alexander Gradsky, Julio Iglesias, Vasily Shukshin, Alexander Sokurov, Pavel Chukhrai, Gennady Bortnikov, Nicolas Cage graduated from school, gymnasium, institute, university, conservatory. If you regret that there are only 24 hours in a day, then from now on you have the right not to spend a third of them on attending school and preparing lessons. Serious sports, music, art at senior school age are convenient only for external students. For those who, without these specific abilities, are simply preparing to enter a university under the guidance of tutors in mathematics and Russian, it is also quite possible to replace an ordinary school with an external student.

Parents of high school students know that it is difficult for their children to study in grades 9-11. Isn't it better, firstly, to preserve the health of your child and, secondly, to give him the opportunity to better prepare for the university (by focusing on subjects that will really come in handy in the future)? Externship provides such a chance.

The advantage of an external study is that it makes it possible to implement an individual educational trajectory, frees up time for preparing for a university, allows you to get a general education in a more free mode, etc.

Externship can be organized in different ways. There are schools that organize tutoring sessions individually with each external student.

There are also schools that organize groups of external students to prepare for exams. In such cases, most often, classes, for example, according to the program of grades 10-11, are held two or three times a week during the academic year (intensive).

You can take an intensive course. Without attending classes at school: the entire educational process is organized via the Internet.

The main principle of the external study is to free students from many hours of daily work at school, thus saving time, but at the same time providing a full-fledged education. The external study system is designed in such a way that the student receives the maximum amount of information in a minimum period of time. The opinion that the knowledge gained is superficial, as a rule, is erroneous. The student masters the program independently, and the degree of assimilation is controlled by the teacher. To do this, the student takes tests and exams and, based on the positive results of the state certification, receives a state-recognized certificate.

Despite the fact that this form of education has existed for a long time, and a lot of work experience has been accumulated in it, there are many difficulties that have to be overcome in working with external students. This, for example: lack of skills for independent work with additional literature; irregular attendance of classes by students; late delivery of homework; high employment in other educational institutions; health status; students with low intellectual abilities, limited horizons.

The problems of the external student are determined by its main task, which is to provide convenient and accessible in terms of timing and procedure, and at the same time, objective and relevant to the state standard of certification and the provision of additional educational services that facilitate preparation for this certification.

Problems of scientific and methodological development and provision of the main forms of training sessions characteristic of external studies, including the scientific and methodological development of the training and certification materials necessary for this. Accordingly, scientific and methodological tasks are divided into issues of scientific and methodological support for certification, individual and group consultations, review and orientation lectures, independent work of external students.

The effective conduct of individual and group consultations involves the accumulation and analysis of typical and most frequently occurring questions of external students on subjects, as concise and clear answers to these questions as possible, and the creation of a kind of “catechism” on subjects. The preparation and publication of such "catechisms" would significantly reduce the need for face-to-face consultations, in any case, saving time for answering extraordinary questions. In Western European and North American schools that offer external studies in the general range of educational services, consultations by phone and via e-mail (e-mail) are widely practiced. They free the external from the need to be physically present during the consultation in the classroom and make the timing of the consultation much more free and convenient. With little additional investment in the technical equipment of Moscow schools, such consultations could be organized in at least some of them.

Scientific and methodological support for review and orientation lectures includes the development of relevant thematic plans, the preparation and publication of methodological manuals (“guidebooks”) and basic abstracts on subjects. Independent work of students is the second main element of external study as a form of education; methodological aids can be used here (organization of independent work, methods of working with text, methods of psychological organization and preparation); workbooks, for example, like the series “I can study on my own!” (grades 6–7); audio and video cassettes; hypertext anthologies on CD; educational materials on the server of the external school; it is also possible to develop a multi-variant curriculum as the basis of an individual external curriculum.

A separate area of ​​work is the scientific and methodological support of the intensive course. In essence, we are talking about organizing an external study based on distance education technologies (distance technologies).

It should be remembered: a lot depends on the school, but not everything. Full-time, or part-time form of education, or external studies are only forms, and the result of education (that is, knowledge) depends on the desire to learn!

As part of the external study, preparation for the exam is possible, because all subjects are studied there. It is carried out in the form of additional classes, in which adaptation to the very form of such testing is formed and in the best way to show one's knowledge within its framework. And the exam itself for external students takes place in exactly the same way as for ordinary students.

If, when applying for an external form of education, there are no documents confirming the level of education, then the level of preparation of the future external student is determined in a general education institution using an intermediate (diagnostic) certification. The order is set by the school.

For students at the school, it is possible to pass an external intermediate certification in some subjects. This is a combination of two forms of general education: full-time and external. A full-time student in a specific educational institution cannot be denied a combination of forms of education, even if the charter does not provide for external studies in this institution. Due to the fact that a full-time student is included in the contingent of the school, funds for his education (regardless of the form) are laid down. Parents (legal representatives) of a student who wants to be certified externally in certain subjects must submit an application to the school principal, indicating which subjects need intermediate certification ahead of schedule.

With a combination of full-time and external forms of education, the student is set a schedule for passing intermediate certification in accordance with the school's working hours.

You can pass an intermediate certification during the entire academic year, excluding the period of the state (final) certification and summer holidays, the deadline for passing is set by the educational institution.

The procedure, forms and terms of the intermediate certification, which precedes the final one and is carried out in the subjects of the invariant part of the school curriculum, are determined by the institution itself and brought to the attention of the external student. The number of exams should be no more than 12 per year in order to avoid overloading students. There may be other forms (tests, tests) that are not included in this number. Marks received by an external student should be considered admission for passing the final certification, and they are counted as annual. Subjects determined by students as elective exams must be passed during intermediate certification.

The deadline for submitting an application for passing the state (final) attestation is set in the Regulations on obtaining general education in the form of an external student: at least three months before it starts. According to the above Regulations, an external student independently masters educational programs, and applies to a general educational institution only for certification according to the established schedule.

The Guidelines for organizing general education in the form of an external student in general educational institutions of the Russian Federation (dated January 23, 2002) state that: “A general educational institution is not responsible for teaching an external student and does not conduct systematic classes with him on his own initiative.” However, an external student cannot be denied the right to use the library, visit laboratory and practical work, consult before an exam, participate in olympiads, competitions and other events held in a general education institution.

There is a more convenient, accelerated form of external study - the so-called intensive course. Intensive courses are different, for example, tenth graders can complete the entire program of grades 10–11 in a year. There is also such a variant of an intensive course: eleventh-graders quickly, in six months, complete the entire course, take exams, with the exception of the obligatory ones, which are written simultaneously with full-time students. Upon completion of the external study, graduates are issued ordinary certificates.

In documents of the state standard on basic general, secondary (complete) general education, no entry is made about external studies or any other form of education.

The right to choose the form of education remains with the child and parents. The task of the educational institution in this case is to exercise this right, to acquaint them with the existing legislative and regulatory acts, to create the necessary conditions, and to provide professional assistance in a timely manner.

In conclusion, I would like to note that external study as a form of education imposes a huge responsibility on both the student and his parents, as well as on the teaching staff and school administration. The student and his parents should be aware of the degree of burden that falls on the shoulders of their child, and provide real assistance in realizing the rights of the child to receive a secondary education.