How to make a simple tesla coil. Obvious conclusions and important additions

Clone PI-W and, now, it came to the manufacture of a mono search coil. And since I am currently experiencing some financial difficulties, I faced a difficult task - to make the coil myself from the cheapest possible materials.

Looking ahead, I’ll say right away that I coped with the task. As a result, I got this sensor:

By the way, the resulting coil-ring is perfect not only for Clone, but also for almost any other impulse device (Koschei, Tracker, Pirate).

I'll go into great detail, because the devil is often in the details. Especially since short stories making coils on the Internet is a dime a dozen (supposedly, we take this, then we cut it off, wrap it, glue it and it’s ready!) And you start doing it yourself and it turns out that the most important thing was mentioned in passing, and something they forgot to say about at all ... And it turns out, that everything is more complicated than it seemed at the very beginning.

This will not happen here. Ready? Go!

idea

Easiest for self-manufacturing it seemed to me such a design: we take a disk from sheet material~4-6 mm thick. The diameter of this disk is determined by the diameter of the future winding (in my case it should be 21 cm).

Then we glue two discs of a slightly larger diameter to this pancake on both sides, so that we get, as it were, a bobbin for winding the wire. Those. such a greatly enlarged coil, but flattened in height.

For clarity, I will try to depict this in the drawing:

I hope the main idea is clear. Just three discs glued together over the entire area.

Material selection

As a material, I planned to take plexiglass. It is perfectly processed and glued with dichloroethane. But, unfortunately, I could not find it for free.

All kinds of collective farm materials such as plywood, cardboard, bucket lids, etc. I immediately discarded as unsuitable. I wanted something strong, durable and preferably waterproof.

And then my eyes turned to fiberglass ...

It's no secret that from fiberglass (or from glass mat, fiberglass) do whatever your heart desires. Even motor boats and bumpers for cars. The fabric is impregnated with epoxy resin, give it the desired shape and leave until completely cured. It turns out a durable, waterproof, easily recycled material. And this is just what we need.

So, we need to make three pancakes and ears for attaching the bar.

Production of individual parts

Pancakes #1 and #2

Calculations showed that to obtain a sheet with a thickness of 5.5 mm, 18 layers of fiberglass should be taken. To reduce the consumption of epoxy, it is better to cut the fiberglass in advance into circles of the required diameter.

For a disk with a diameter of 21 cm, 100 ml was just enough epoxy resin.

Each layer must be thoroughly smeared, and then the entire stack should be put under the press. The more pressure, the better - the excess resin will be squeezed out, the mass of the final product will become a little less, and the strength will be a little more. I loaded about a hundred kilograms from above and left it until the morning. The next day I got this pancake:

This is the most massive part of the future coil. He weighs - be healthy!

Then I’ll tell you how, due to this spare part, it will be possible to significantly reduce the weight of the finished sensor.

A disk 23 cm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick was made in exactly the same way. Its mass is 89 g.

Pancake №3

The third disk did not have to be glued. In my possession was a sheet of fiberglass right size and thickness. It was a printed circuit board from some ancient device:

Unfortunately, the board had metalized holes, so I had to spend some time drilling them.

I decided that this would be the top disk, so I made a hole in it for the cable entry.

Ears for bar

The rest of the textolite was just enough for the ears to attach the sensor housing to the rod. I sawed out two pieces for each ear (to be strong!)

In the ears, you must immediately drill holes for plastic bolt, because then it will be very inconvenient to do this.

By the way, this is a fixing bolt for the toilet seat.

So, all the components of our coil are ready. It remains to glue it all into one big sandwich. And do not forget to bring the cable inside.

Assembling into one

First, the upper disc of perforated fiberglass was glued together with the middle pancake of 18 layers of fiberglass. It took literally a few milliliters of epoxy - this was enough to coat both surfaces to be glued over the entire area.

Ear mounting

I cut the grooves with a jigsaw. In one place, of course, I overdid it a little:

To make the ears fit well, I made a small bevel at the edges of the cuts:

Now it was necessary to decide which option is better? Ears can be put in different ways ...

Coils industrial production more often made according to the right version, but I like the left one more. I tend to make the wrong decisions...

In theory, the right way is better balanced, because the rod mount is closer to the center of gravity. But it is far from a fact that after lightening the coil, its center of gravity will not shift in one direction or another.

The left method of fastening purely visually looks more pleasant (IMHO), besides, in this case, the total length of the folded metal detector will be a couple of centimeters less. For someone who plans to carry the device in a backpack, this may be important.

In general, I made my choice and proceeded to gluing. I generously smeared it with bauxite, securely fixed it in the desired position and left it to harden:

After solidification, everything sticking out from reverse side sanded with sandpaper:

Cable entry

Then, using a round file, I prepared grooves for the conductors, led the connecting cable through the hole and glued it tightly:

To prevent strong kinks, the cable at the entry point had to be somehow strengthened. For these purposes, I used, out of nowhere, taken from me, such a rubber bullshit:

It remained to glue the third pancake (bottom).

Finishing the frame

It took a few milliliters of bauxite to glue the third pancake and a couple of hours of time for everything to set. Here is the result:
Thus, I got a rigid and durable frame, fully prepared for winding the wire.

Winding sealing

Enamelled copper wire with a diameter of 0.71 mm was used as the winding wire. After winding 27 turns, the sensor became heavier by another 65 grams:

Now the winding had to be somehow caulked. I used a mixture of epoxy and finely chopped fiberglass as a putty (I learned about this super recipe from).

In short, I planed a little fiberglass:

and coolly kneaded it with bauxite with the addition of pasta from ballpoint pen. The result was a viscous substance, similar to wet hair. With this composition, you can cover up any cracks without problems:

Pieces of fiberglass give the putty the necessary viscosity, and after hardening provide increased strength of the glue line.

In order for the mixture to be properly compacted, and the resin soaked the turns of the wire, I wrapped it all with electrical tape in an interference fit:

Electrical tape must be green or, at worst, blue.

After everything had cooled down, I was wondering how solid the construction turned out. It turned out that the coil can easily withstand my weight (about 80 kg).

In fact, we do not need such a heavy-duty coil, its weight is much more important. Too much mass of the sensor will definitely make itself felt with pain in the shoulder, especially if you plan to conduct a long search.

Lightweighting

To reduce the weight of the coil, it was decided to cut out some sections of the structure:

This manipulation allowed to throw off 168 grams excess weight. At the same time, the strength of the sensor practically did not decrease, as can be seen from this video:

Now, in hindsight, I understand how it was possible to make the coil a little easier. For this, it was necessary to make in advance big holes in a medium pancake (before gluing everything together). Something like this:

The voids inside the structure would have almost no effect on strength, but they would reduce the total mass by another 20-30 grams. Now, of course, it's too late to rush about, but I'll keep it in mind for the future.

Another way to simplify the design of the sensor is to reduce the width of the outer ring (where the wire turns are laid) by 6-7 millimeters. Of course, this can be done now, but so far there is no such need.

Finishing color

I found an excellent paint for fiberglass and fiberglass products - epoxy resin with the addition of a dye desired color. Since the entire construction of my sensor is based on bauxite, the resin-based paint will have excellent adhesion, and will lay down like a native.

Used as a black dye alkyd enamel PF-115, adding it until the desired hiding power is obtained.

As practice has shown, a layer of such paint is held very firmly, and it looks as if the product has been dipped in liquid plastic:

In this case, the color can be any, depending on the enamel used.

The final mass of the search coil together with the cable after painting is 407 g

The cable separately weighs ~ 80 grams.

Examination

After our homemade coil for the metal detector was completely ready, it was necessary to check it for the absence of an internal break. The easiest way to check is to measure the resistance of the winding with a tester, which should normally be very low (maximum 2.5 ohms).

In my case, the resistance of the coil, together with two meters of the connecting cable, turned out to be around 0.9 ohms.

Unfortunately, such in a simple way it will not be possible to identify an interturn circuit, so you have to rely on your accuracy when winding. A short circuit, if any, will immediately manifest itself after the circuit is started - the metal detector will consume increased current and have an extremely low sensitivity.

Conclusion

So, I think that the task was completed successfully: I managed to make a very strong, water-resistant and not too heavy coil from the most waste materials. List of expenses:

• Fiberglass sheet 27 x 25 cm - free of charge;
• Fiberglass sheet, 2 x 0.7 m - free of charge;
• Epoxy resin, 200 g - 120 rubles;
• Enamel PF-115, black, 0.4 kg - 72 rubles;
• Winding wire PETV-2 0.71 mm, 100 g - 250 rubles;
• Connecting cable PVA 2x1.5 (2 meters) - 46 rubles;
• Cable entry - free of charge.

Now I am faced with the task of manufacturing exactly the same rogue rod. But it's already.

The Tesla Coil is a resonant transformer that creates a high voltage at a high frequency. Invented by Tesla in 1896. The operation of this device is very beautiful effects, similar to controlled lightning, and their size and strength depend on the supplied voltage and the electrical circuit.

It is not difficult to make a Tesla coil at home, and its effects are very beautiful. Ready-made and powerful such devices are sold in this Chinese store.

Without using wires, with the help of the proposed high-frequency transformer, it is possible to maintain the glow of gas-filled lamps (for example, fluorescent lamps). In addition, a beautiful high-voltage spark is formed at the end of the winding, which you can touch with your hands. Due to the fact that the input voltage on the presented generator will be low, it is relatively safe.

Safety precautions for the operation of the presented Tesla coil circuit

Remember not to turn on this device near phones, computers and other electronic devices, as they may be damaged by its radiation.

A simple Tesla generator circuit

To assemble the circuit you need:

1. Copper enameled wire 0.1-0.3 mm thick, 200 m long.

2. plastic pipe diameter 4-7 cm, length 15 cm for the frame of the secondary winding.

3. A plastic pipe with a diameter of 7-10 cm, a length of 3-5 cm for the frame of the primary winding.

4. Radio components: transistor D13007 and a cooling radiator for it; 50 kΩ variable resistor; fixed resistor at 75 ohms and 0.25 watts; power supply with an output voltage of 12-18 volts and a current of 0.5 amperes;
5. Soldering iron, tin solder and rosin.

Having picked up the necessary parts, start by winding the coil. It should be wound on the frame turn to turn without overlaps and noticeable gaps, about 1000 turns, but not less than 600. After that, you need to provide insulation and fix the winding, it is best to use varnish for this, which cover the winding in several layers.

For the primary winding (L1), a thicker wire with a diameter of 0.6 mm or more is used, the winding is 5-12 turns, the frame for it is selected at least 5 mm thicker than the secondary winding.

Next, assemble the circuit, as in the figure above. Transistor any will do NPN, PNP is also possible, but in this case it is necessary to change the polarity of the power supply, the author of the circuit used BUT11AF, from domestic ones, which are in no way inferior, KT819, KT805 are well suited.
To power the kacher - any power supply 12-30V with a current of 0.3 A or more.

Tesla winding parameters

Secondary - 700 turns with a wire 0.15 mm thick on a 4 cm frame.
Primary - 5 turns with 1.5 mm wire on a 5 cm frame.
Power supply - 12-24 V with current up to 1 A.

Video channel "How-todo".

The Tesla transformer was invented by the famous inventor, engineer, physicist, Nikola Tesla. The device is a resonant transformer that produces a high voltage of high frequency. In 1896, on September 22, Nikola Tesla patented his invention as "Apparatus for the production of electrical currents of high frequency and potential." With this device he tried to transmit electrical energy without wires long distances. In 1891, Nikola Tesla demonstrated to the world demonstrative experiments on the transfer of energy from one coil to another. His device spewed lightning and made fluorescent lamps glow in the hands of astonished spectators. Through the transmission of high voltage high frequency current, the scientist dreamed of providing free electricity to any building, private house and other objects. But, unfortunately, due to the high energy consumption and low efficiency, the Tesla coil has not been widely used. Despite this, radio amateurs from different parts of the world collect small coils Tesla for fun and experimentation.

Tesla coils are also used to conduct recreational activities and Tesla show. In 1987, the Soviet radio engineer Vladimir Ilyich Brovin invented an electromagnetic oscillation generator, named after him "Brovin's kacher", used as an element of an electromagnetic compass operating on a single transistor. I suggest you assemble a working model of a Tesla coil or a Brovin kacher with your own hands from improvised materials.

List of radio components for assembling the Tesla Coil:

• Enameled wire PETV-2 diameter 0.2 mm
• Copper wire in PVC insulation diameter 2.2 mm
• Tuba from silicone sealant
• Foil textolite 200x110 mm
• Resistors 2.2K, 500R
• Capacitor 1mF
• LEDs 3 volt 2 pcs
• Radiator 100x60x10 mm
• Voltage regulator L7812CV or KR142EN8B
• Fan 12 volt from the computer
• Banana connector 2 pcs
• Pipe copper diameter 8 mm 130 cm
• Transistor MJE13006, 13007, 13008, 13009 from Soviet KT805, KT819 and similar

The Tesla coil consists of two windings. The primary winding L1 contains 2.5 turns copper wire in PVC insulation with a diameter of 2.2 mm. The secondary winding L2 contains 350 turns in varnish insulation with a diameter of 0.2 mm.

The frame for the secondary winding L2 is a silicone sealant tube. Having previously removed the remnants of the sealant, cut off a part of the tube 110 mm long. Stepping back 20 mm from the bottom and top, wind 350 turns of copper wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm. The wire can be obtained from the primary winding of any old small-sized 220V transformer, for example, from a Chinese radio. The coil is wound in one layer turn to turn, as tightly as possible. The ends of the wire should be passed into the inside of the frame through a preliminary drilled holes. For reliability, cover the finished coil a couple of times with nitro-lacquer. Insert a sharply sharpened metal rod into the piston, solder the upper winding output to it and fix it with hot glue. Then insert the piston into the coil frame. Cut off a threaded ring from the spout, you will get a nut, with which you can easily fix the coil on the textolite board by screwing the resulting nut onto the thread of the outlet of the tube. Drill a hole in the bottom of the frame for the LED and the second winding output.

I used an MJE13009 transistor in my coil. Transistors MJE13006, 13007, 13008, 13009 from the Soviet KT805, KT819 and other similar ones are also suitable. Be sure to place the transistor on the radiator, during operation it will heat up very much and therefore I suggest installing a fan and slightly improving the circuit.

Since, to power the coil, a voltage of more than 12 volts is required. Max Power Tesla coil develops at a supply voltage of 30 volts. And since the fan is designed for 12 volts, then the voltage regulator L7812CV or the Soviet analogue KR142EN8B should be added to the circuit. Well, to make the coil look more modern and attract attention, let's add a couple of LEDs of blue color. One LED illuminates the coil from the inside, and the second illuminates the coil from below. The diagram will look like this.

Place all components of the Tesla coil on the printed circuit board. If you do not want to make a printed circuit board, simply place all the parts of the Tesla coil on a piece of MDF or corrugated cardboard from a paper box and connect them together using the surface mounting method.

The finished PCB will look like this. One LED is soldered in the center, it illuminates the space under printed circuit board. Make the legs out of four blind nuts screwed onto the screws.

The second LED is soldered under the coil, it will illuminate it from the inside.

Be sure to smear the transistor and voltage regulator with thermal paste and place it on a 100x60x10 mm radiator. Voltage regulator follows.

The primary winding should be wound in the same direction as the secondary winding. That is, if the L2 coil was wound clockwise, then the L1 coil must also be wound clockwise. The frequency of coil L1 must match the frequency of coil L2. To achieve resonance, the L1 coil needs to be tuned a little. We do this, on a frame with a diameter of 80 mm we wind 5 turns of bare copper wire with a diameter of 2.2 mm. We solder a flexible wire to the lower output of the L1 coil, fasten a flexible wire to the upper output so that it can be moved.

Turn on the power, bring the neon lamp to the coil. If it does not glow, then it is necessary to swap the conclusions of the coil L1. Next, empirically select the vertical position of the coil L1 and the number of turns. We move the wire screwed to the upper output of the coil down, we achieve maximum distance on which the neon lamp will light up, this will be the optimal range of the Tesla coil. As a result, you should get, like I have 2.5 turns. After the experiments, we make the L1 coil from a wire in PVC insulation and solder it in place.

We enjoy the results of our labors... After turning on the power, a streamer 15 mm long appears, a neon light starts to glow in the hands.

Yes, filmed a saga star Wars... Here it is, the secret of the Jedai sword ...

In an automobile lamp, a small plasma appears emanating from the incandescent filament to the glass bulb of the lamp.

To significantly increase the power of the Tesla coil, I recommend making a torroid from copper tube 8 mm in diameter. Ring diameter 130 mm. As a torroid, you can use aluminum foil crumpled into a ball, a metal jar, a radiator from a computer and other unnecessary, bulky items.

After installing the torroid, the power of the coil increased significantly. From copper wire located next to the torroid, a streamer 15 mm long appears.

And even LED...

And this is the plasma that occurs in a car light bulb when it is next to a torroid.

To make a torroid or not, it's up to you. I just showed and told you about how I made a Tesla coil or a Brovin kacher on one transistor, with my own hands and about what I did. My coil produces high voltage high frequency current according to the laws of physics. Thanks to Nikola Tesla and Vladimir Ilyich Brovin for their huge contribution to science!

Friends, I wish you good luck and Have a good mood! See you in new articles!

One of the famous inventions of Nikola Tesla was the Tesla coil. This invention is a resonant transformer that generates high frequency high voltage. In 1896, a patent was issued for the invention, which had the name of an apparatus for generating an electric current of high potential and frequency.

Device and work

The elementary Tesla transformer includes two coils, a toroid, a capacitor, a spark gap, a protective ring and .

The toroid performs several functions:

• Decreased resonance frequency, especially for the Tesla coil type with semiconductor switches. do not perform well at higher frequencies.
• Accumulation of energy before the occurrence electric arc. How larger size toroid, the more energy is stored. At the moment of air breakdown, the toroid releases this accumulated energy into an electric arc, while increasing it.
• The formation of an electrostatic field that repels the arc from the secondary winding. Part of this function is performed by the secondary winding. However, the toroid helps her with this. Therefore, the electric arc does not hit the secondary winding along the shortest path.

Usually outside diameter the toroid is twice the diameter of the secondary winding. Toroids are made from aluminum corrugations and other materials.

Secondary winding The Tesla transformer is the main design element. Usually the length of the winding refers to its diameter 5: 1. The diameter of the conductor for the coil is chosen so as to accommodate about 1000 turns, which should be closely spaced. The winding turns are coated with several layers of varnish or epoxy. PVC pipes are chosen as a frame, which can be bought at a hardware store.

Protective ring serves to prevent damage electronic elements in the event of an electric arc entering the primary winding. The protective ring is installed if the size of the streamer (electric arc) is greater than the length of the secondary coil. This ring is made in the form of a copper open conductor, grounded by a separate wire to a common ground.

Primary winding most often made of copper tube used in air conditioners. The resistance of the primary winding should be small, since a large current will pass through it. The tube is most often chosen with a thickness of 6 mm. It is also possible to use conductors of large cross section for winding. The primary winding is a kind of tuning element in such Tesla coils, in which the first circuit is resonant. Therefore, the place of power connection is performed taking into account its movement, with the help of which the resonance frequency of the primary circuit is changed.

The shape of the primary winding can be different: conical, flat or cylindrical.

The Tesla coil must have grounding. If it is not there, then the streamers will hit the coil itself to close the current.

The oscillatory circuit is formed by a capacitor together with the primary winding. A spark gap is also connected to this circuit, which is a non-linear element. An oscillation circuit is also formed in the secondary winding, in which the capacitance of the toroid and the interturn capacitance of the coil act as a capacitor. Most often, to protect against electrical breakdown, the secondary winding is coated with varnish or epoxy.

As a result, the Tesla coil, or in other words the transformer, consists of two oscillation circuits connected to each other. This gives the Tesla transformer unusual properties, and is the main distinguishing quality from conventional transformers.

When the breakdown voltage between the electrodes of the arrester is reached, an electrical avalanche-like breakdown of the gas is formed. In this case, the capacitor is discharged to the coil through the spark gap. As a result, the circuit of the oscillation circuit, which consists of a capacitor and a primary winding, remains closed to the spark gap. In this circuit, high frequency oscillations occur. In secondary circuit resonant vibrations are formed, resulting in a high voltage.

In all types of Tesla coils, the main element is the circuits: primary and secondary. However, the high frequency oscillator may differ in design.

The Tesla coil essentially consists of two coils that do not have metal core. The transformation ratio of the Tesla coil is several tens of times higher than the ratio of the number of turns of both windings. Therefore, the output voltage of the transformer reaches several million volts, which provides powerful electrical discharges several meters long. An important condition is the formation of an oscillation circuit by the primary winding and the capacitor, the entry into resonance of this circuit with the secondary winding.

Varieties

Since the time of Nikola Tesla, there have been many various kinds Tesla transformers. Consider the common main types of transformers such as the Tesla coil.

SGTC- a spark-discharge coil has a classic device used by Tesla himself. In this design, the switching element is a spark gap. For low-power devices, the arrester is made in the form of two segments of a thick conductor located at a certain distance. Higher power devices use rotating spark gaps complex design using electric motors. Such transformers are produced when it is necessary to obtain a streamer of great length, without any effects.

VTTC- a coil based on an electron lamp, which is a switching element. Such transformers are capable of operating in continuous mode and give out discharges of large thickness. This type of power supply is usually used to create high-frequency coils. They create a streamer effect in the form of a torch.

SSTC- a coil in the design of which a semiconductor element in the form of a powerful one is used as a key. This type of transformer is also capable of operating in continuous mode. The external form of streamers from such a device is very different. Control with a semiconductor key is simpler, there are Tesla coils that can play music.

DRSSTC- a transformer having two resonance circuits. The role of keys is also played by semiconductor components. This is the most difficult transformer to set up and control, however, it is used to create impressive effects. In this case, a large resonance is obtained in the primary circuit. The brightest thick and long streamers in the form of lightning are formed in the second circuit.

Types of effects from the Tesla coil

• arc discharge - occurs in many cases. It is characteristic of lamp transformers.
• corona discharge is the glow of air ions in electric field increased voltage, forms a bluish beautiful glow around the elements of the device with high voltage, as well as having a large surface curvature.
• spark otherwise called a spark discharge. It flows from the terminal to the ground, or to a grounded object, in the form of a bunch of bright branched strips that quickly disappear or change.
• Streamers - these are thin weakly luminous branching channels containing ionized gas atoms and free electrons. They do not go into the ground, but flow into the air. Streamer is the ionization of air, formed by the field of a high voltage transformer.

The action of the Tesla coil is accompanied by a crackle of electric current. Streamers can turn into spark channels. This is accompanied by a large increase in current and energy. The streamer channel expands rapidly, the pressure rises sharply, so a shock wave is formed. The totality of such waves is like a crackle of sparks.

Lesser Known Tesla Coil Effects

Some people consider the Tesla transformer to be some special device with exceptional properties. There is also an opinion that such a device can become an energy generator and a perpetual motion machine.

It is sometimes said that with the help of such a transformer it is possible to transmit electrical energy over considerable distances without using wires, and also to create anti-gravity. Such properties have not been confirmed or verified by science, but Tesla spoke of the imminent availability of such abilities for humans.

In medicine, with prolonged exposure to high frequency currents and voltages, chronic diseases and other negative things. Also, the presence of a person in a high voltage field adversely affects his health. You can be poisoned by the gases emitted during the operation of the transformer without ventilation.

Application

• The voltage at the output of the Tesla coil sometimes reaches millions of volts, which forms significant air electrical discharges several meters long. Therefore, such effects are used as a demonstration show.
• The Tesla coil found application in medicine at the beginning of the last century. Patients were treated with low-power high-frequency currents. Such currents flow on the surface of the skin, have a healing and tonic effect, without causing any harm to the human body. However, powerful high-frequency currents have a negative effect.
• The Tesla coil is used in military equipment for the rapid destruction of electronic equipment in a building, on a ship, tank. At the same time, on short span time creates a powerful impulse electromagnetic waves. As a result, transistors, microcircuits and other electronic components burn out within a radius of several tens of meters. This device is completely silent. There is evidence that the current frequency during the operation of such a device can reach 1 THz.
• Sometimes such a transformer is used to ignite gas discharge lamps, as well as to search for leaks in a vacuum.

Tesla coil effects are sometimes used in filming, computer games. Currently, the Tesla coil has not found wide application in practice in everyday life.

Tesla coil on future

At present, the issues that the scientist Tesla was engaged in remain relevant. The consideration of these problematic issues makes it possible for students and engineers of institutes to look at the problems of science more broadly, to structure and generalize the material, to abandon stereotyped thoughts.

Tesla's views are relevant today not only in technology and science, but also for work in new inventions, the use of new technologies in production. Our future will give an explanation for the phenomena and effects discovered by Tesla. He laid the foundations of the newest civilization for the third millennium.

The work of kinescope TVs, fluorescent and energy-saving light bulbs, remote charging of batteries is provided by a special device - a Tesla transformer (coil). To create spectacular light charges purple resembling lightning, a Tesla coil is also used. The 220 V circuit allows you to understand the device of this device and, if necessary, make it yourself.

Working mechanism

The Tesla coil is an electrical device capable of increasing the voltage and current frequency several times. During its operation, a magnetic field is formed, which can affect electrical engineering and the human condition. Discharges falling into the air contribute to the release of ozone. The design of the transformer consists of the following elements:

• primary coil. It has an average of 5-7 turns of wire with a cross-sectional diameter of at least 6 mm².
• secondary coil. Consists of 70-100 turns of dielectric with a diameter of not more than 0.3 mm.
• Capacitor.
• Discharger.
• Spark light emitter.

The transformer, created and patented by Nikola Tesla in 1896, does not have ferroalloys, which are used for cores in other similar devices. The power of the coil is limited by the electrical strength of the air and does not depend on the power of the voltage source.

When voltage is applied to the primary circuit, high-frequency oscillations are generated on it. Thanks to them, resonant oscillations occur on the secondary coil, the result of which is electricity, characterized by great tension and high frequency. The passage of this current through the air causes streamer- purple discharge, reminiscent of lightning.

The oscillations of the circuits that occur during the operation of the Tesla coil can be generated different ways. Most often this happens with the help of a spark gap, a lamp or a transistor. The most powerful are devices that use double resonance generators.

Raw Materials

It will not be difficult for a person with basic knowledge in the field of physics and electrics to assemble a Tesla transformer with their own hands. It is only necessary to prepare a set of basic details:

A mandatory element of the primary coil is a cooling radiator, the size of which directly affects the cooling efficiency of the equipment. A copper tube or a wire with a diameter of 5–10 mm can be used as a winding.

The secondary coil requires mandatory insulation in the form of paint, varnish or other dielectric treatment. An additional detail of this circuit is a serially connected terminal. Its use is advisable only with powerful discharges; with small streamers, it is enough to bring the end of the winding up by 0.5-5 cm.

Wiring diagram

The Tesla transformer is assembled and connected in accordance with electric circuit. Installation of a low-power device should be carried out in several stages:

The assembly of a more powerful transformer occurs in a similar way. To achieve high power, would need:

The maximum power that a properly assembled Tesla transformer can achieve is up to 4.5 kW. Such an indicator can be achieved by equalizing the frequencies of both circuits.

A self-assembled Tesla coil must be checked. During test connection follows:

1. Set the variable resistor to the middle position.
2. Track the presence of a discharge. In its absence, you need to bring to the coil fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp. Its glow will indicate the presence of an electromagnetic field and the efficiency of the transformer. Also, the serviceability of the device can be determined by self-igniting radio tubes and flashes at the end of the emitter.

The first start-up of the device must be carried out while monitoring the temperature. In case of strong heating, additional cooling is required.

Transformer Application

The coil can create different types charges. Most often, during its operation, a charge in the form of an arc arises.

The glow of air ions in an electric field with an increased voltage is called a corona discharge. It is a bluish radiation that is formed around coil parts that have a significant surface curvature.

A spark discharge or spark passes from the transformer terminal to the ground surface or to a grounded object in the form of a beam of rapidly changing shape and fading bright stripes.

The streamer looks like a thin, weakly glowing light channel, which has many branches and consists of free electrons and ionized gas particles that do not go into the ground, but flow through the air.

Creation different kind electric discharges with a Tesla coil occurs with a large increase in current and energy, causing crackling. The expansion of the channels of some discharges provokes an increase in pressure and the formation of a shock wave. The combination of shock waves in sound resembles the crackle of sparks when a flame burns.

The effect of the transformer this kind was previously used in medicine for the treatment of diseases. High-frequency current, flowing through human skin, gave a healing and tonic effect. It turned out to be useful only under the condition of low power. As the power increases to large values the opposite result was obtained, negatively affecting the body.

With the help of such an electrical device, gas-discharge lamps are ignited and a leak is detected in a vacuum space. It is also successfully used in the military sphere to quickly destroy electrical equipment on ships, tanks or in buildings. A powerful pulse generated by the coil in a very short period disables microcircuits, transistors and other devices located within a radius of tens of meters. The process of destruction of equipment is silent.

The most spectacular area of ​​​​application is indicative light shows. All effects are created due to the formation of powerful air charges, the length of which is measured by several meters. This property allows the transformer to be widely used in filming films and creating computer games.

When developing this device, Nikola Tesla planned to use it to transmit energy on a global scale. The scientist's idea was based on the use of two strong transformers located at different ends of the Earth and functioning with equal resonant frequency.

When successful use such a power transmission system would eliminate the need for power plants, copper cables, and electricity suppliers. Every inhabitant of the planet could use electricity anywhere absolutely free of charge. However, due to economic unprofitability, the idea of ​​the famous physicist has not yet been (and is unlikely to ever be) realized.