Plates and sheet materials for subfloor installation. Do-it-yourself floor with a dry prefabricated screed made of sheets of gypsum board or csp Sheets for the floor materials
Decorative wall panels FIREPROTEC HPL, which are characterized by fire resistance, are produced on the basis of high-quality non-combustible panel FIREPROTEC SML Premium Etalon or GSP (gypsum board). HPL indoor panels are used in kindergartens and schools, offices and many other places to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere.
Cement particle boards
Cement-bonded particle board (DSP) is considered an ideal material for sheathing partitions in flammable rooms, as well as the frame of buildings outside. Flooring bases are leveled with these boards as they have a hard and smooth surface. The plates lend themselves well to sawing, fireproof, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.
Fire resistant fender board
A universal solution for protecting the walls of any buildings can be considered the use of a fire-resistant baffle board, which has high operational advantages. It is based on a non-combustible panel covered with HPL plastic, which is difficult to burn. The edges of the panel are processed with a special edge. In addition to the protective function, it is also characterized by excellent decorative properties, so it can decorate any room. to high operational indicators, the Breaker board is used in places of the big passability of the people: in kindergartens and schools, in hospitals and policlinics, stations and cinemas, supermarkets.
This material is environmentally friendly and moisture resistant, hygienic and safe, as well as aesthetic.
The fender board is available in different colors and sizes.
Sheet material "PVTN"
- Vermiculite boards are sheet non-combustible materials created using expanded vermiculite. They are designed to protect against fire in industrial and civil facilities, they are used in metallurgy, the oil industry. Vermiculite boards have:
- Eco-friendly and fire resistant
- High sound-absorbing and heat-insulating properties
Used to protect:
- from fire in the ceilings between floors, cable routes, structures made of wood, reinforced concrete, steel load-bearing elements;
- thermal protection of fireplaces, chimneys;
- wall cladding of industrial, public facilities;
- increasing fire protection in bank offices, hotels, cinema halls, sports complexes;
- evacuation routes.
SKL panels
Durable and lightweight SKL panels are produced using calcium silicate filler. The material of the panel does not contain asbestos, so they are non-toxic, environmentally friendly. The sheets are moisture resistant, since they do not contain gypsum or hygroscopic materials.
SKL panels are very popular. These sheets are used for finishing walls, ceilings and floors. Fire-resistant qualities make them indispensable for protecting screens in high-temperature production, as well as for lining the walls of baths, finishing fireplaces and stoves.
Despite their special strength, they are also elastic; they can withstand bending up to 13.2 MPa. Due to the excellent soundproofing properties of up to 44 dB, the panels can be used to cover nightclubs, bars, walls of recording studios.
SKL panels contain antibacterial additives, so they are not exposed to fungal diseases and mold.
These glass-magnesite sheets are made from magnesium oxide with special additives. The sheets are double reinforced with fiberglass for rigidity.
The operational qualities of LSU are similar to SKL. But LSU sheets are more rigid and especially durable. This material is most used in places that require increased strength: they are in demand for the manufacture of billboards, roofs and floors.
Like SKL sheets, they are aesthetic and have antiseptic properties.
the high strength of the panels allows them to be used for reinforcement and finishing of foam and aerated concrete, facades, as well as sandwich panels.
GCR sheets
GKL is a well-known, popular drywall for everyone, we are talking about its refractory modification. GKL sheets can withstand direct exposure to open fire for up to 20 minutes. The sheets are grayish in color and require additional finishing.
Fiberboard
Fibrolit are bioresistant boards produced by pressing wood fiber, the so-called wood wool, and a binder of inorganic origin. Used fiber, which is obtained from the waste of woodworking machines. These boards are light in weight, have good acoustics and fire resistance: board chips are impregnated with cement, and they are not threatened by fire. The material can be easily fastened with self-tapping screws and nails, as well as dowels to any surface. It lends itself well to sawing. Composite fiberboard panels consist of two or three layers, the thermal insulation material of the middle layer of rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool) is up to 140 mm thick, at which the degree of thermal and sound insulation increases.
gypsum board
Gypsum boards are made from natural natural gypsum without the addition of toxic substances. This practical, environmentally friendly, odorless material meets all the requirements of fire safety standards. Gypsum slabs are considered an excellent material for building partitions in rooms, suspended multi-level ceilings, decorative niches and ledges. Walls, ceilings are leveled with them, communication pipes are “sewn up”.
Gypsum fiber sheet
Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are obtained by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum with cellulose waste paper, they are characterized by excellent technical and operational properties. These sheets are durable and have a good degree of refractoriness.
Gypsum fiber sheets are universal in use, are popular and in demand in construction and finishing works. With their help, interior partitions are erected, floor screeds are made, suspended and level ceilings are mounted, and walls are lined. Everywhere they are indispensable as fire protection of any structures. Users appreciate GVL as a facing material with which wooden surfaces are sheathed, for its low cost and fire resistance.
Oriented Strand Board
Oriented strand board (OSB) is produced by pressing chips with a high-pressure adhesive resin, which are made in various thicknesses - from 6 to 30mm. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards. Although the plates have such high strength, they are very flexible. Due to these properties, they are ideal for finishing and construction work, for example, for cladding ceilings, walls, attics and verandas, they are used in arranging the surface of subfloors, building formwork, and used when facing wall panels. Thin OSB boards are laid on the floors under the laminate. In recent years, they have been used for low-rise construction. The original texture of OSB attracts designers in interior design. Using OSB, you can get a beautiful and original design of the ceiling.
Fire-resistant boards are not limited to the above types, there are a lot of them on the building materials market.
The construction of any house sooner or later comes to the stage of laying rough floors. Some people prefer to pour concrete floors for subsequent tile laying, but what about those who plan to lay another floor? For parquet boards, laminate or linoleum, it is not necessary to pour a concrete base, and not every type of house is suitable for pouring a concrete base. In frame houses, houses made of timber or logs, as a rule, floor logs are made of wood, and pouring a concrete base will not be cheap, and sometimes simply impossible.
What sheet material for organizing subfloors should be chosen by those who do not plan to lay tiled floors? The most commonly used is the usual moisture resistant plywood or OSB boards. These materials are quite reliable, but still have a number of disadvantages:
. Plywood, suitable for laying rough floors with a thickness that is quite large and difficult to lay in one piece.
. Even moisture resistant plywood susceptible to environmental humidity, and as a result, it deforms and bends, which complicates installation.
. Between plywood sheets when laying, it is required to leave a gap into which a lot of construction debris is clogged.
. Sheet edges plywood should not hang freely, but must be fixed on the logs. As a result, a large number of cuts may be required.
. The cost of good quality material is quite high.
Sometimes thick sheets are used for subflooring. OSB sheets or OSB. They have the same disadvantages as plywood sheets but are somewhat cheaper. Disadvantages that are peculiar only to sheets OSB:
. non-homogeneous surface.
. Heterogeneous structure (some parts of the sheet differ in density).
The most suitable sheet material for laying a subfloor at the moment is grooved OSB board. This material is devoid of the disadvantages of plywood sheets. The geometric dimensions do not differ significantly, the material is not susceptible to moisture, there is no need to leave a gap, and the edges are inserted into the groove and securely fixed, forming a solid and absolutely even base. grooved OSB board fits much faster than plywood, and the result is much better.
What material to choose for someone who wants to lay tiles on a floor with wooden logs? For these purposes, cement particle board (DSP) is perfect. This material has a lot of weight and rigidity, so it is an ideal base for a tiled floor. At the same time, laying such a draft floor is much easier than pouring a concrete screed.
Thanks to modern materials such as tongue-and-groove moisture-resistant OSB board and cement particle board, it is possible to choose any flooring for any type of house. Creating comfort in the house is now much easier.
In the arrangement of floors in an apartment and a house, the correct arrangement of the screed is of great importance. The screed is the main structural element of the floor, needed to evenly distribute the load on the floor from the finishing coating to the subfloor.
One type of screed is prefabricated screed using sheet building materials made from wood or gypsum. Let us analyze on the basis of materials about the advantages and disadvantages of sheet materials in the construction of floors.
What is a screed
The definition itself, prefabricated screed, suggests that the screed structure is assembled from individual structural elements. Unlike solid (filled) screeds, prefabricated screeds are assembled without the use of "wet" building technologies, from individual frame elements or the underlying layer and layers of sheet building materials.
The lower (reference) layer of the prefabricated screed can be:
- Underlying backfill layer of special loose fine-fraction building materials (sand, backfill under GVL);
- The construction of the lag - crate. This is a special wooden frame, made of timber, on the subfloor.
The top layer of the prefabricated screed can be made from:
- Wood fiber boards (MDF);
- Particle board (chipboard);
- Moisture resistant chipboard grooved (VDSPSh);
- Oriented Strand Board (OSB, OSP);
- gypsum fiber board (GVL);
- Plywood.
According to the technology, the sheet material is laid in two layers with an offset in rows and layers, avoiding the coincidence of the seams of different layers.
Fibreboard (Fibreboard)
Fiberboard boards are the main sheet material used in the construction of a wide variety of floor designs. Fiberboard is made practically from waste wood, by hot pressing. Fiberboard is not afraid of moisture, perfectly glued and partially absorbs sound.
If you look at the technological maps and regulatory documents for the installation of floors, then fiberboard remained the main sheet material used in the construction of screeds.
However, the small thickness of the sheets limits their use in prefabricated screeds on logs, leaving them a niche for prefabricated screeds on the backfill or used as a substrate.
Laying fiberboard
- Fiberboard is laid on hot or cold mastic with lubrication of 40% of the surface in two layers. The seams between the sheets of fiberboard (without a lock) must be glued with paper or tape 50 ± 10 mm wide.
- Roll finishing materials (linoleum, carpet) are laid on superhard sheets of fiberboard. Fiberboard strips serve as a layer between the floor joists and concrete.
Particle board (chipboard)
Chipboard is a sheet building material pressed from “chopped” wood based on resin binders. The thickness and strength of chipboard are superior to fiberboard, which is why chipboard is used not only as an underlying material (rarely due to high cost), but as the top layer in floor structures on logs.
However, chipboard is afraid of moisture and, due to resins, emits substances that are not entirely environmentally friendly. This limited the use of chipboard in flooring prior to the advent of VDSPS.
Moisture-resistant chipboard with a tongue-and-groove around the perimeter (VSPSH) is specially designed as the top surface of a prefabricated screed. VDSPSh is used not only in floor structures on logs, but also on backfill materials.
The tongue and groove lock along the perimeter of the VDSPSh boards allows you to firmly connect them into a single, solid floor base, ready for finishing materials.
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The tongue and groove lock is smeared with special mastic, and connected with threaded connections. Gluing the seams of moisture-resistant chipboard and its moisture resistance make it possible to use them even for tile work.
Oriented Strand Board (OSB, OSB)
Oriented strand boards are similar to chipboard, but have a number of significant differences:
- OSB type OSB3 and OSB4, not afraid of moisture;
- Plates of these modifications can withstand heavy loads, which allows them to be used, even in load-bearing structures.
OSB panels are produced with end locks of the thorn-groove type. They create stronger connections and stronger floor and wall surfaces.
Gispovoloknisty boards (GVL)
Gypsum fiber slabs (GVL slabs) are specially designed for flooring, called dry screed. GVL are laid only on a backfill layer from a special backfill. It is impossible to use GVL in a lag construction, due to their fragility to fracture.
The strength of the GVL surface is given by locks along the edge of the sheets, made in the form of a tongue and groove. The lock is smeared with special mastic and fastened with self-tapping screws. The seam between the sheets is glued with tape. Any finishing material can be laid on a dry GVL screed, with the exception of parquet.
Note: The package refers to "capricious" finishing materials, which need to be laid only on a layer (s) of plywood, moreover, cut into 500 by 500 mm squares.
Plywood
Plywood is the last, sheet building material of this review. Plywood can be used for any construction of prefabricated screeds, as well as an underlayment for poured screeds.
The widespread use of plywood is limited by its high cost, which is not reasonable for a cheap floor, say from linoleum. However, for parquet flooring, plywood is indispensable. It creates a smooth, solid base with the closest operational characteristics to the parquet.
What types of slabs for construction, repair and wall, floor and ceiling cladding exist? Their features, advantages and disadvantages. If we take frame houses as an example, then the durability and appearance of such houses directly depend on the panels used for interior and exterior cladding. Moreover, the use of panels with a finished finish or a layer of thermal insulation (sandwich panel) significantly reduces the already short time for erecting a prefabricated frame house.
Chipboard
chipboard It is made by hot pressing wood shavings with binding thermoactive resins, which make up 6-18% of the weight of the shavings. Resins are environmentally unsafe, as they contain formaldehyde harmful to humans. According to the content of this substance, chipboard is divided into classes E1 and E2. More environmentally friendly class E1, it is allowed to be used in the production of even children's furniture. Entirely lined particle boards do not pose any harm to health, only open edges have a harmful effect. New technologies make it possible to produce Super E class boards, which are considered safe according to all sanitary standards. In general, the material has a sufficiently high density, low cost and ease of processing. Chipboards sheathe walls, roofs, make partitions, floors, use as a base for linoleum and carpeting.
Advantages of chipboard:
- a wide range of colors, patterns, thicknesses;
- easy to process;
- structural homogeneity.
Disadvantages of chipboard:
- does not hold screws and nails well, especially when reassembling;
- vulnerable to moisture;
- contains carcinogens (eg melamine).
MDF
Medium Density Wood Board or dry pressed fibreboard. MDF from English (Medium Density Fiberboard). It is made from wood chips, ground into flour by dry pressing, at high temperature and pressure with the addition of lignin, which is found in natural wood. Lignin makes this material environmentally friendly and resistant to fungi and microorganisms. MDF boards come in thicknesses from 3 to 30 mm and are laminated with plastics, varnished or veneered. In terms of moisture resistance and mechanical characteristics, MDF is superior to natural wood and chipboard. Also, MDF is 2 times stronger and holds screws better. MDF is used for interior decoration, for example, in the form of wall panels or laminated flooring - laminate, in the manufacture of furniture, speaker cabinets. MDF has a uniform structure, is easy to process, and is very durable.
Advantages of MDF:
- fire resistance;
- biostability;
- high strength;
- better than chipboard holds screws;
- moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard;
- wide choice of colors and patterns thanks to film and veneer coating.
Disadvantages of MDF:
- burns with the release of poisonous smoke;
- pulverized sawdust formed during the processing and sawing of boards is harmful to health.
Drywall (gypsum board)
It is rightfully considered one of the most popular materials for leveling walls, ceilings and floors, interior partitions and even decorative elements such as arches, columns, spheroids, multi-level ceiling coverings, etc. The main component of drywall sheets is gypsum filler and this determines many of the positive qualities of the building material. So, drywall is chemically inert, its acidity is approximately equal to the acidity of human skin, it does not contain and does not emit chemical compounds harmful to humans into the environment. A standard board is 93% gypsum dihydrate, 6% cardboard, and another 1% surfactants, starch and moisture.
Thus, the fragility of the panels makes it difficult to transport, loading and unloading. For the same reason, GKL cannot withstand significant physical exertion and is not recommended for leveling floors. Suspended plasterboard ceilings can withstand a weight of no more than 4 kg per square meter, while stretch ceilings can carry a load of more than 100 kg per square meter.
A variation or more modern modification of a simple drywall sheet is painted or laminated drywall, gypsum vinyl or gypsum board- colored drywall, with a vinyl coating. A fundamentally new material that has an initially exclusive appearance with a wide choice of decor. It is used for interior wall cladding, for sewing up window slopes, creating partitions, shop windows and exhibition racks, without additional finishing.
Laminated drywall, gypsum vinyl or gypsolam - colored drywall, pasted over with a vinyl coating
These environmentally friendly non-combustible panels are a gypsum board glued on both sides with a special cardboard. They have an ideal geometry and are used for the construction of internal partitions and filing ceilings. Supplied in sheets 2700 (3000) x 1200 x 12 mm. Special brands of drywall are produced for wet (bathroom) and fire hazardous (fireplace wall) rooms. They are painted in "signal" colors - red and green. There is drywall and increased plasticity (thickness 6 mm, width 900 mm) for sheathing rounded walls. On the basis of drywall, “sandwich” panels are made with a heat-insulating layer of polyurethane foam (up to 50 mm). They are already used for interior cladding of exterior walls without subsequent insulation and vapor barrier. This significantly reduces construction time.
Advantages of drywall:
- does not burn, but with significant heating is destroyed;
Disadvantages of drywall:
- low strength, brittleness;
- greater vulnerability to moisture even of a moisture-resistant variety;
- does not tolerate low temperatures and significant temperature changes;
- only suitable for interior decoration.
gypsum board
Gypsum boards practical, modern and environmentally friendly material, as it is made without the use of toxic substances from natural gypsum, which does not conduct electricity and has no smell. Gypsum board meets all fire safety requirements. Gypsum board, gypsum tongue-and-groove board (PGP) is the main material in the construction of partitions, suspended ceilings, and various decorative ledges. It is used for leveling ceilings, walls, "stitching" communication systems. Gypsum board is moisture resistant and standard. Standard is used in buildings with normal humidity. For damp rooms, plates with hydrophobic additives are intended. Such plates are easily distinguished by their characteristic green color.
Advantages of gypsum boards:
- environmental and sanitary safety;
- easy to process: cut, drill;
- low combustible material, flammability class G1
- relatively cheap.
Disadvantages of gypsum boards:
- low strength, brittleness;
- great vulnerability to moisture even of a moisture-resistant variety.
Gypsum fiber sheet
Gypsum fiber sheet (GVL) is a modern environmentally friendly homogeneous material with excellent technical characteristics. It is produced by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum and cellulose waste paper. According to its physical properties, the gypsum fiber sheet is a fairly strong, solid material, also famous for its refractory qualities.
Gypsum fiber sheet, due to its versatility, has become very widespread in the construction industry. It is used for the installation of interior partitions, floor screeds, suspended ceilings, wall cladding and fire protection of structures. GVL for the floor is popular, which serves to assemble the base of the floor covering, as well as the facing option, with which, for example, wooden surfaces are sheathed, thereby increasing their fire resistance. Depending on the area of application, gypsum-fiber sheets are divided into two types: GVLV (moisture resistant) and GVL (ordinary).
Advantages of gypsum fiber sheets:
- GVL in comparison with GKL more easily tolerates sawing in any direction, as it is homogeneous in composition;
- Higher strength due to reinforcement with cellulose fiber;
- Increased sound insulation.
disadvantages gypsum fiber sheets:
- Less bending strength than GKL;
- Less suitable for interior decoration than GKL;
- The need for pre-treatment before painting.
Cement particle boards (DSP)- ideal material for exterior cladding of frames and partitions in damp and flammable rooms, serves as a good leveling base for all floor coverings. Has a hard and smooth surface, plastered and tiled, sawn with a hacksaw, non-flammable, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations. Supplied in sheets 3600 x 1200 x 10 (12, 16, 20 and 26) mm.
Plywood is one of the most common materials widely used in construction. Plywood is produced by gluing several layers of peeled veneer with phenol-formaldehyde resins. For this purpose, as a rule, birch or coniferous veneer of small thickness is used. The choice of these species is due to their wide distribution in our forests: in Europe, New Zealand and some other countries, oak, maple, hornbeam and even pear are widely used for the production of plywood of various grades. Veneer bonding is carried out under pressure at elevated temperature. The resulting sheets are cooled, and after a short curing time they are collected in packs of 10 or 20 pieces.
Depending on the wood and glue used in the production of plywood, it is classified into:
- plywood of increased moisture resistance (FSF)
- plywood of medium moisture resistance (FC)
- bakelized plywood (BF)
- is plywood coated on one or both sides with a paper-resin coating. This coating very effectively prevents the penetration of moisture, is highly resistant to abrasion and the formation of mold and fungus, resistant to corrosion and destruction. This type of plywood due to lamination is quite popular. Using lamination, you can apply almost any pattern or imitation under: oak, poplar, maple, birch, walnut, pine and larch.
Advantages of plywood:
- high tensile and bending strength;
- perfectly sawn, drilled and fastened with both nails and screws;
- relatively inexpensive material.
Disadvantages of plywood:
- resins used in veneer bonding contain a rather high concentration of phenolic compounds;
- combustibility;
Oriented Strand Board
Oriented Strand Board (OSB), produced by pressing chips up to 0.7 mm thick and up to 140 mm long under high pressure and temperature using a small amount of adhesive resin. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards due to the location of the chips longitudinally in the outer layers and transversely in the inner ones. With such strength, OSB is a very flexible material and is excellently used in construction and finishing works. OSB boards of various thicknesses (from 6 to 30 mm) are sheathed in attics, ceilings, walls, rough floors, formwork, wall panels, fences and collapsible structures are made from them. On the floor under the laminate, the thinnest slabs are usually used - 6 and 8 mm thick, for structures and formwork thicker ones - from 10 mm. OSB-3 is a more durable version of this material used in low-rise construction in high humidity conditions. Also, because of the original texture, OSB is a favorite material for decorators and designers for interior decoration. From OSB, a rather spectacular design of the ceiling or elements in built-in furniture or in walls is obtained.
Along with conventional OSB boards, there are also OSB grooved- a plate with the processed ends a groove - a crest, from the 2nd or 4th parties.
Advantages of OSB:
- strength relative to other boards used;
- moisture resistance is higher than that of chipboard and gypsum board;
- wide size range;
- cheaper chipboard;
- holds screws well, even when re-driving.
Disadvantages of OSB:
- it is processed worse than chipboard due to the heterogeneity of the structure;
- dust released when cutting OSB irritates the mucous membranes of the nose and eyes.
- contains formaldehyde, especially in moisture-resistant boards.
glass-magnesium sheet
glass-magnesium sheet or glass-magnesite sheet (SML) white, reinforced with fiberglass, 40 percent lighter than GVL, flexible, durable, fireproof, moisture resistant. Thanks to the reinforcing fiberglass mesh, LSU can bend with a curvature radius of up to three meters. This quality allows it to be used on uneven surfaces. High moisture resistant qualities allow it to be used in rooms with high humidity. It is allowed to stick any finishing materials on the front side of the plate. With a sheet thickness of 6mm, it is able to hold fire for 2 hours, withstands heating up to 1500 degrees. Sheet thickness: 3-20 mm.
Glass-magnesium sheet (SML) is a universal sheet finishing material based on magnesite and fiberglass. The manufacturing technology and composition of the material give it such qualities as flexibility, strength, fire resistance and moisture resistance. Its qualities allow it to be used on uneven surfaces and reduces the possibility of sheet fracture during installation and transfer. In addition, this material is environmentally friendly, does not contain harmful substances and asbestos, does not emit toxic substances even when heated. Unlike drywall, LSU-Premium class refers to slow-burning materials (NG).
The scope of glass-magnesium sheet is extremely high. As with drywall, ceilings, walls and interior partitions can be made from it. Moreover, with the help of glass-magnesite sheets, it is possible to finish the exterior facades of cottages and houses. LSU is a reliable basis for any kind of finishing. The new material is ideal for showers, saunas, swimming pools - after all, the glass-magnesium sheet is able to withstand high humidity, temperature changes and open fire. A variety of putties, paints, and adhesives can be applied to the surface of the LSU. You can stick wallpaper, aluminum-composite panels, veneer, plastic, ceramic, glass or mirror tiles.
The front (smooth) surface of the sheets is intended for painting, wallpapering, laminating and applying various types of decorative textures without preliminary, final filling and priming of the entire surface of the material. The back (rough) surface of the sheets is designed for strong adhesion when gluing piece facing and decorative materials (ceramic or tile, veneer, etc.), or the material itself onto walls and floors, gluing sheets together. LSU can be mounted on a fastening system, both made of metal and wood. And also directly on the building envelope with glue.
Along with conventional glass-magnesium sheets, recently more and more often began to appear laminated glass-magnesium sheets with a variety of patterns and thicknesses of the outer coating.
Advantages of glass magnesite:
- Moisture resistance - does not undergo deformation, does not swell and does not lose its properties;
- Fire resistance - magnesite panels are non-combustible material;
- Good sound insulation - a 12mm panel in terms of sound transmission corresponds to four layers of a twelve-millimeter drywall sheet, or a brick wall 150mm thick;
- High strength and flexibility - can bend with a radius of curvature from 25 cm to 3 meters;
- Lighter than similar boards made of wood or gypsum;
- Low thermal conductivity, can be used as an additional insulation;
- It can be used for decoration, both outside and inside.
disadvantages glass-magnesite :
- More brittle than gypsum fiber sheet;
- When filling joints, it is necessary to use putties on chemical adhesives;
- Properties vary considerably depending on the manufacturer and LSU class.
Fiberboard is a board material made by pressing a special wood fiber (wood wool) and an inorganic binder (magnesium binder). The fiber is obtained from the waste of the woodworking industry, as a result of processing on wood-planing machines. One of the advantages of fiberboard plates is their low volumetric weight. Fiberboard is fire resistant: the chips are impregnated with cement, and when exposed to fire, only soot is formed on them. The material allows for various finishes, is easily attached to any structure using nails, self-tapping screws, dowels, and is easy to saw.
- slow-burning, biostable material, which is used as heat-insulating, structural-heat-insulating and acoustic materials in building structures of buildings and structures with relative humidity not higher than 75%.
Conventional fiberboards are produced with a thickness of 3-5 mm using gray cement as a binder. These plates are used for various types of thermal insulation, for roofing and plastered partitions. Acoustic boards are usually made from fine wood wool (0.75-2 mm), which improves their appearance, are not covered with anything, and are also tinted in colors that are in harmony with the interior or are produced using magnesite or white cement instead of gray. Composite fiberboard is a two- or three-layer panel with a middle layer of thermal insulation material such as rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool). The thickness of the middle layer usually ranges from 15 to 140 mm, although the outer layers of fiberboard have a thickness of 5 to 20 mm. In this case, the level of thermal insulation is significantly increased.
Advantages of fiberboard plates:
- Ease of installation;
- Good heater;
- Mechanically strong;
- Extensive decorative possibilities;
- Good moisture resistance and fire resistance;
- Soundproofing;
- Hygiene, harmlessness to human health and the environment;
- Do not spoil rodents and insects, does not rot.
disadvantages fiberboard slabs :
- Low bending strength;
- Significant weight.
Feel free to comment on the article if you have something to add to this material. If you find errors or inconsistencies. Perhaps you know some other similar material not presented in this article?
The flooring technology for residential and industrial buildings is identical. The differences concern only individual characteristics. For example, smoothness, aesthetics and low thermal conductivity are relevant for flooring in cottages and apartments.
For floors of industrial premises, resistance to abrasion, chemicals, and fire resistance is much more important.
It is possible to achieve compliance with most of these indicators by laying finishing coatings or impregnation with special compounds. To create the same draft floors of both categories, the same materials are used, similar technologies are used.
Flooring materials, reviews
Today, along with the “wet” method of laying floors from polymer, cement-sand or concrete mixtures, the “dry” method is also used, which involves laying ready-made gypsum fiber boards, moisture-resistant plywood, MDF, pressed wood chips, cork, DSP, board coverings on the base.
Of course, the total cost of materials for "dry" installation is somewhat higher than those used in the "wet" technology, but it is fully justified:
- a significant reduction in the timing of the installation of coatings;
- ease of installation, accessible even to people who do not have special training;
- convenience and cleanliness in the performance of work.
Therefore, in residential construction, especially in the construction of private houses and cottages, laying slabs instead of concrete floors is used more and more often. Loads on floor coverings in domestic premises are quite suitable for the use of these materials. In addition, the low thermal conductivity and good sound absorption of some of them increases their value for residential construction.
Some rules for the device "dry" screed
Quite often, the laying of finished slabs is carried out in the old proven way - on logs installed on a concrete base. All spaces between the lags are laid with waterproofing materials, filled with insulation, taking into account the need for an air gap. Boards should be laid in two overlapping layers. They are glued together, tightened with screws, treated with water-repellent compounds.
Two-layer slabs with folds greatly facilitate the work of builders. Innovative materials for floors with built-in sound insulation, with an insulating layer are especially convenient, but have a high cost.
In order to avoid the large labor costs associated with installing a log, in recent years a new technology has been created for laying slabs on fine-grained expanded clay. This material serves as a good insulation, perfectly smoothes the defects of the base. The first step is waterproofing. To do this, use an ordinary polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns or any rolled material. It solves an important problem - ensuring that moisture does not penetrate to the expanded clay, so the film should be overlapped by 15-20 cm, and the joints should be glued with construction tape.
After laying the waterproofing, a layer of expanded clay is poured on it, its thickness should not exceed 15-25 cm. The expanded clay is carefully leveled and compacted, and the insulation is distributed over it. When calculating the number of plates and their cutting, do not forget to take into account the need for an expansion joint around the perimeter of the room. Plates are laid directly on the insulating layer, without an air gap.
This is the main drawback of such floors, the technology is not recommended for use in rooms with high humidity. The plates are tightly adjusted to each other, the cracks are sealed with putty. They serve as an excellent base for any finished floor, from ceramic tiles to laminate or linoleum.
Varieties of sheet materials for subflooring
Plates differ in characteristics and cost, when choosing, you should evaluate the basic requirements for the room, its operating conditions, familiarize yourself with the main materials presented on the construction market:
- gypsum fiber boards (GVL, GVLV) - sheet material made of gypsum and reinforced with cellulose, non-combustible, moisture resistant, provides good heat and sound insulation;
- cement-bonded particle board (DSP) is made of Portland cement and thin wood chips, has characteristics identical to GVL, however, installation is complicated due to the not always the same thickness of the plates, the disadvantage is eliminated by grinding and puttying the joints;
- chipboard (chipboard) consists of pressed chips, is highly durable, but is afraid of water, treatment with water-repellent compounds is recommended;
- fiberboard (MDF) is made from wood fibers, it is a high-strength, but expensive material;
- plywood - only moisture-resistant varieties are chosen for flooring, as ordinary ones exfoliate over time.
If the floors are arranged in rooms with a high level of humidity, immediately choose slabs treated with water-repellent impregnation. For the installation of floors in rooms with possible local loads, gypsum fiber boards should not be purchased, the probability of pushing through the subfloor is too high.
Concrete base - reliability above all
No matter how many new modern materials appear on the market, experienced builders prefer a time-tested concrete mix screed to fill the subfloor. Neglecting their own conveniences, despite the time spent, they perform the installation of floors using the old-fashioned method, because the reliability of the technology is known to everyone and has long been tested.
Mixtures for laying a concrete base are made independently from cement, sand, crushed stone, water or purchased ready-made:
- cement, fillers are expanded clay, stone chips, various plasticizers;
- gypsum, used only in dry rooms, ideal for laying flooring from boards;
- sand concrete, the mixture for pouring concrete floors should not exceed grade M 300.
To obtain a decorative coating, the screed is ground and coated with a thin layer of polymer composition. Epoxy, polyurethane, methyl methacrylate mixtures not only give the floors an aesthetic appearance, but also significantly strengthen the concrete surface.
In order to obtain a reliable and durable floor covering as a result of the installation of concrete mix floors, you should adhere to the technology and know some subtleties.
- For large volumes of pouring, arrange for uninterrupted delivery of the concrete mixture to the work site to prevent the appearance of cold joints.
- Monitor the quality and uniformity of the concrete, the difference in the draft of the cone for each of the subsequent portions should not exceed 3-4 cm.
- Install guides only on a rigid base, use a laser level for control.
- To control the evenness of freshly poured concrete floors, use a building rule 2-3 m long.
- In order to achieve high-quality compaction of the concrete mixture, make two passes with a vibrating screed over the entire surface of the screed - in the forward and in the opposite direction.
- 12-24 hours after laying the mortar, cut shrinkage joints to 1/3 of the thickness of the screed to prevent the appearance of cracks on the concrete surface.
- To create a decorative coating, treat the floor surface with polymer mixtures, varnishes, colored topping, grinding or polishing.