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One-story houses with a gable roof. Installation of the roof structure

When choosing a project for a future home, much attention is paid to appearance and structures of the upper part of the building. Since, in addition to the aesthetic, the roof of the house carries a large functional load, many factors must be taken into account. In this article, we will analyze with examples what roofs are. one-story houses.

All roofs in appearance can be divided into flat and pitched.

Flat roof

The name speaks for itself. This is a flat upper structure of the house, which has a slope of no more than 3%. It happens attic and non-attic. Withstands high wind loads, but is demanding on snow loads. Gutters are usually internal, the perimeter is protected by a parapet. For one-story houses in cottage construction, it is not often used, although in modern design cubic shaped houses flat roofs look very stylish. Suitable for use as recreational terraces, green areas and other functional areas. We recommend using this type of roofing for reinforced concrete buildings.

pitched roof

This type of roof involves a slope - the slope of one or more surfaces. They can be attic or non-attic. The slope simplifies the removal of melt and storm water. There are several types of such a roof according to the number of slopes and the way they are paired:

Shed;
gable;
Hip, semi-hip;
Tent;
Attic.

Also, in the construction of private houses, although infrequently, combinations of the main types are used, and here large field for fantasy. After all, a roof for a house, like a headdress for a person, not only protects from bad weather, but also gives character, creates a mood.

shed roof

This is a roof with a surface slope of more than 12 degrees. It is usually used in houses with a laconic rectangular design with a small porch. Can be ventilated and non-ventilated. It is not often possible to meet a house with pitched roof, although, in our opinion, with proper design, it looks original and is very functional for the northern latitudes. The shed roof structure is simple and economical in execution, easy to maintain and allows you to catch more light. A one-story house with a shed roof is suitable for a small family both for living in a metropolis and for a country holiday.

Advantages one-story house with pitched roof:

Simplicity installation work, the absence of complex truss systems.
Possibility to cover large area houses.
Simplified drainage due to the slope of the roof.
High wind resistance, which is important for windy regions.
Possibility of creating beautiful facade stained-glass windows oriented to landscape areas.
The low side of the house can be oriented towards a fence, a wall of a neighboring building, or an undesirable view.
The attic space can be successfully designed as an attic with good lighting.
Profitability. This point is influenced by several components at once:

consumption roofing material lower than for a house with a gable roof;
there are no costs for materials for roof structures;
the possibility of using relatively simple and inexpensive materials;
construction costs due to ease of installation.

This makes one-story houses with a shed roof very attractive. However, there are other features to consider:

The need for accurate calculations of the cross section of all structural elements during design, especially for snowy regions;
Hydro and thermal insulation will require special attention if a roof with a small angle of inclination is chosen;
Roofing can look rustic, and if you pay attention Special attention elegance, you will have to go to additional costs both for materials and for installation work.

Projects of one-story houses with a shed roof are suitable for those who are ready to move away from tradition. Create original design taking into account all the features of the landscape, an experienced architect will help you. It doesn't matter if you build small house or big house, it will definitely stand out among other cottages.

TIP: Regularly check the condition of structures in order to eliminate possible breakdowns in a timely manner. To avoid seasonal damage, clear heavy snow.

Gable roof

The most popular and familiar type of roof for private houses. It is a structure of two inclined planes (slopes), converging under the ridge in the upper part of the building and resting at the other end on the bearing walls of the building. The plane between the slopes is called the gable. Gable roofs consist of rafters, beams and roofing. The angle of inclination of the slopes can be uniform and uneven. Structures with uneven slope angles (that is, the location of the ridge is not through the center of the building) and different lengths eaves overhangs are used if the customer wishes to express the architectural feature of his housing. It should be noted that when implementing a project with an uneven angle, the attic space has an asymmetrical shape, which can complicate its arrangement. A gable symmetrical roof has an isosceles triangle at its base.

When building a gable roof with straight rafters, the windows are placed in the gables, and the low parts of the room along the side overhangs can be used as pantries. Windows are used to illuminate and ventilate the attic space. Beautiful attic windows give the whole building a light and airy look. The gable roof is attractive and practical. The traditional nature of this form and unpretentiousness during construction make projects of houses with a gable roof the most popular among architects and customers.

Consider the main advantages of a gable roof for private houses:

functional extra space makes it possible to equip the attic area for residential or other functions;
The ability to evenly distribute the load on the walls and foundation;
Uniform heating of the internal space;
Good ventilation of the attic space;
A large selection of roofing for the implementation of the project for every taste and budget;
Minimal risk of debris and precipitation accumulation, which is especially important for private houses in the northern regions in winter.

A one-story house with a gable roof is very practical, looks cozy and organic, despite the simplicity and architectural unpretentiousness.

Projects of houses with a gable roof have their own nuances:

The angle of inclination of the slopes depends on the size of the house and affects the height of the structure.
The arrangement of the attic space for a functional area affects the height of the structure, which entails the need to strengthen the rafters as load-bearing elements and, accordingly, an increase in cost.
The presence of windows on the gable complicates the design and increases the cost.
Special care is required when calculating roofing units, such as ventilation shafts and chimneys.

A gable roof is most often used for frame and low-rise construction, panel cottage also prefers this type of design.

hip roof

This type of roof consists of two triangular-shaped slopes (hips) and two trapezoidal slopes. The hip roof is called a hip roof. If the shape of the house is more complicated than a rectangle, there may be more slopes. All slopes are lowered to the eaves. There are no gables, attic windows, if necessary, are mounted directly on the slopes. The design can be either straight or broken.

Variety hip roof is semi-hip. This is a hybrid of hip and gable structures. Gables are located at the top of the short slopes, which allows you to make a house project with full-fledged gable windows. hip design, of course, more difficult to perform than a gable. Its manufacture and installation is very costly.

Benefits of using a hip roof:

The originality of the design gives the house an unusual and character;
With the right materials, the design is highly durable;
Uniform heating of the attic space;
The possibility of increasing residential or technical space due to the arrangement of the attic area.

Disadvantages of projects using a hip roof:

The complexity of calculations and installation of structures;
The need to attract qualified specialists for the manufacture and installation of structures;
High cost, which includes high flow material and payment for qualified installation.

Tip: To implement the project of a one-story house with a hip-type roof, involve professionals at all stages of design and construction in order to avoid disappointment and unnecessary costs.

hipped roof

It is used in the design of one-story private houses, close in shape to a square. These are four-slope structures without a horizontal ridge, since the slopes in the form of isosceles triangles converge at sharp corners at the upper central point and rest on the base of the bearing walls. The arrangement of gables is not required, which saves on building materials. Nevertheless, a house with such a roof can be admired, as its design is quite attractive and aesthetic.

mansard roof

It is named after the French architect Francois Mansart. The attic is called the roof, the space under which is used for living quarters. Most often it is equipped under the gable top of the house. The attic space can be increased through the use of broken structures.

In modern housing construction, the arrangement of the attic space for the living area is widely and eagerly used by architects and designers. mansard roof- beautiful and functional idea for a one-story private house. And at the end of the review - a few photos that capture beautiful roofs one-story houses.

The most popular type of roof is the classic roof with two slopes. It is common in construction due to its practicality, durability and ease of installation. gable roof - engineering solution, in which the rafters are installed in separate pairs and are joined to each other, and the walls at the ends are triangular in shape and are called tongs. Hence the second name gable roof. An attic or attic is arranged under the roof. Our catalog contains a variety of houses with a gable roof, choose projects using sorting by parameters.

What you should pay attention to when choosing houses with a gable roof

This kind roof frame not only quickly installed, but also allows you to effectively use the under-roof area to accommodate living rooms or other household premises. Absence a large number joints eliminates the additional cost of more thorough insulation and simplifies assembly.

The choice of the shape of the roof is primarily influenced by the purpose of the attic area, whether it will be residential or utility. Depending on the budget, mode of operation, building materials the slope of the slopes is selected. Projects of houses with a high gable roof shape are designed to organize living areas and recreation areas for owners and guests. Cottages with a small inclination of slopes - for storage rooms. Attic floor - optimal solution for the construction of a family cottage, in which each tenant will have their own space for recreation and work.

Benefits of a gable design

The advantage of this type of roof is its organic combination with any building. rectangular shape. Other advantages gable frames are:

good ventilation of the attic or attic space;
simplicity and ease of assembly of the truss system;
increased endurance, so that any roof can be used;
the slope of the slopes, which prevents the accumulation of precipitation;
availability of manufacturing in comparison with complex roofs.

If you are constrained by the budget or construction time, but want to build a warm and cozy family cottage, look at the projects of houses with a gable roof

The design of private houses is inextricably linked with the choice of the type of roof. There is a simple explanation for this - the budget for the arrangement of the roof is often a third of the cost of the total estimate. There are several ways to achieve cost reduction: choose a different type of structure, change the roofing material or truss system. Projects of one-story houses with the use of gable design.

Roof characteristic

Externally, the construction of a gable roof looks quite simple. Two equal slopes rest on carriers side surfaces the same height. The space under the roof has a triangular shape. The walls between the slopes are called gables.

An integral element of houses with a gable roof is roofing cake. The set of constituent materials directly depends on the design of the attic space. The classic set is shown in the photo:

When designing a one-story private building with a gable roof, pay attention to the slope of the roof. The choice of parameter is largely determined by the climate of the region where it is planned to build a house:

The optimal indicator in places with rare precipitation is up to 45 o.
Significant snow cover forces to increase the slope of the gable roof to 60 o.
In addition to precipitation, wind loads regularly act on the roof, and an increase in the angle of inclination of the roof leads to an increase in the windage of the structure.

Projects of private houses practice an individual approach in each case. Therefore, when choosing a material as roofing, also take into account the angle of inclination of the gable roof. Slate and tiles are acceptable if the indicator exceeds 22 o.

Remark ! An increase in the slope of the slopes proportionally increases the cost of coating materials and, accordingly, the overall construction estimate increases.

When choosing for a one-story private building, structures with an economical slope angle of 35-40 ° are obtained practical option gable roof, where debris and precipitation do not accumulate. But it is not possible to equip the attic space for convenient operation in the future. Numerous advantages gable design explain the popularity of her choice in the construction of one-story buildings.

The advantages of arranging a gable roof

The dynamics of the construction of small private houses is growing regularly. This trend is associated with a natural desire to retire from the hustle and bustle of the metropolis on your own. suburban area. A one-story house with a gable roof has a lot of advantages:

A sufficient angle of inclination allows you to equip a functional area in the attic.

Important! At regular operation attic space, windows should be installed and installation should be foreseen in advance thermal insulation material.

The space under the roof warms up evenly.

The installation process is subject to a simple layman. With a scrupulous study of all stages of construction, you can do without the involvement of a specialized team and reduce budget costs.

Perspective to use as roofing different kinds materials depending on their own financial capabilities.

The correct calculation of the angle of inclination of the gable structure will prevent the risk of accumulation of precipitation and deformation of the roof.

The attic space is fully ventilated.

A gable roof is usually chosen for one-story building classic rectangular shape. A photo example is shown below:

Basic structural elements

The structure of a gable type roof necessarily includes several technological units, among which the main ones are the ceiling, the truss system and the roofing pie. We will consider the features of each element in detail.

overlap

Installation of the gable roof overlap is carried out in several ways, using various building materials. When erecting a one-story private building, they often turn to the installation of load-bearing beams, due to their affordable cost. Depending on the weight of the roof, metal or wooden beams overlap. key point this stage of arranging a gable roof is considered to be a reasoned calculation of the cross section of load-bearing elements, which is determined on the basis of the dimensions of the future one-story house and the planned load.

Correct calculation of the cross section and determination of the gap between load-bearing beams will provide the gable roof strength and long-term operation without carrying out overhaul. The calculation of the required indicators for a private one-story building can be done independently or entrusted to the project of a specialized company. In some cases, the overlap for a gable roof is made of reinforced concrete slabs that do not require additional supporting structures. But their installation requires the use of special construction equipment.

After determining the type of material, its cross section and frequency of installation, the issue of the need to insulate the gable roof overlap is considered.

truss system

The supporting function of a gable roof is performed by a truss system made in the form of an isosceles triangle located on the load-bearing walls. The rafters are of hanging and layered type, the presence of the remaining supporting pillars and partitions of the system depends on this.

We list the main elements that can be used when one-story building private houses with a gable roof:

The purpose of the Mauerlat is to evenly distribute the load from rafter legs on load-bearing walls. It is made from a bar with a section of 100 or 150 mm. Installation is carried out along the bearing walls, fixing with anchors or threaded rods.
The rafter leg is an element of the system from which the gable roof triangle is formed. It must withstand wind loads, the impact of any precipitation and directly the weight of roofing materials. The installation step varies from 0.6 to 1.2 m, depending on the many characteristics of the roof of a one-story private building.

Remark ! The main pattern when choosing the gap between the rafters is that the greater weight of the roof causes a reduction in the distance.

Like the Mauerlat, the bed is formed from a bar with a similar section. The installation of the gable roof element goes along the inside of the load-bearing wall.
Tightening is required for a hanging type truss system. Her task is to fix the edges of the rafter legs, preventing them from moving apart.
The purpose of installing vertical racks on the roof of a one-story private house is to redistribute the load from the ridge to the load-bearing wall inside the building.
The transmission link between the bearing elements and the rafters are the struts. To get a farm, you need to connect the struts and puff.

Boards fixed perpendicular to the rafter legs form a crate. In addition to transferring the load from the roofing to the legs of the rafters, they additionally fix them securely. During the construction of a gable roof of a private one-story building, boards or edged bars are used as the material for the crate. If the roof is planned to be made from soft material, the crate must be continuous. Usually, sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are used for this purpose.
At the top, two slopes of the roof of a private house are connected by a ridge located horizontally. Installation is carried out by connecting the legs of the rafters at the top.
The roof overhang protrudes from the walls by approximately 40 cm and is designed to protect the side surfaces from getting wet as a result of precipitation.
Filly - an additional element of the gable roof helps to fix the overhang, provided that the rafter legs are short. For this purpose, boards are used, the cross section of which smaller sizes timber used to mount the legs.

The main elements of the truss system, which can be used to equip a gable roof during the construction of a private one-story building, are shown in the photo:

Insulation and roofing materials

Private construction does not limit the choice of roofing for a one-story house. When arranging a gable roof, they are guided by the angle of inclination, otherwise it all depends on the preferences of the developer and his financial situation. The purchase of heat-insulating material is carried out taking into account the thickness of the insulation, which should ensure the preservation of heat in cold period. The thickness of the material and its weight are directly related, so the cross section of the rafters is determined based on these indicators. Produce accurate calculations it is better to provide all the parameters of a gable roof to a specialized company.

Project examples

A wide development of private construction is observed in suburban summer cottages. Temporary residence does not require large residential areas, therefore, they often turn to projects of one-story houses. A gable roof in this case would be the best option. We bring to your attention several interesting options cozy buildings. We will move in the direction from more spacious premises to compact private one-story houses.

Brief description of the first project:

Living area is 112 m 2 .
The slope angle of the gable roof is 29 ° with a total height of a one-story house of 6.45 m.
As a material for construction, ceramic or aerated concrete blocks are used.
The ceiling is made of wooden beams.
Gable roof covering options: cement-sand, ceramic or metal tiles.

The separation of the day and night zones will limit the intrusion of others into personal space.
Kitchen layout closed type encloses household needs from the recreation area.
If you want to make the kitchen space more open, the pantry is dismantled.
There are no windows on the side walls, which makes it possible to build a one-story house on a narrow plot.
The spacious bathroom will accommodate the entire set of plumbing, leaving space for a washing machine.

The description of the second project on materials is similar to the previous one. The area of the house is 92 m2.

The absence of load-bearing walls provides a chance to easily change interior layout one-story private house. A fireplace in the center of the living room will create a unique aura home comfort during the cold season. An open terrace will hospitably welcome guests and will not block the penetration of sunlight.

And finally, two more projects of one-story comfortable houses with a gable roof with an area of 77 m 2 and 70 m 2, respectively.

The gable roof structure is good example how the classics remain relevant for decades and centuries. This simplest design today looks new, it is supplemented modern elements, acquired a more spectacular appearance, thanks to new roofing materials. But, in fact, the principle and installation of a roof of two slopes remained the same as they were a hundred years ago.

The article will consider the varieties of two pitched roofs, presented photo modern houses with gable roofs, as well as the advantages and features of these types of roofs.

What is a good roof of two slopes

The roofs of private houses in one or two floors are very often made exactly gable. And the point here is not only in the low cost and simplicity of design, but also in its design and technical features.

The biggest plus of the roof of two inclined slopes, connected along the ridge line and based on the Mauerlat, is to compensate for multidirectional forces. The rafter system of pitched roofs is designed in such a way that the pressure from the weight of the roof itself, insulation, lathing and roofing material is evenly distributed on the load-bearing walls (central and side).

Design pitched roofs carried out in such a way that the rafter legs are not connected with each other and with other structural units of the roof - they are not fixed to the ridge and Mauerlat, the strength of the structure is achieved due to the mutual compensation of pressures from the two slopes and balancing the forces with expansion elements (stretch marks, crossbars, slopes , beds).

Attention! If a small country house, the gable roof can be assembled into a single structure - this allows its low weight. The convenience lies in the fact that you can assemble the truss system on the ground, and then together or in parts raise it to the top of the house.

You need to understand that rafter legs gable roofs are not fixed until the crate is stuffed and the insulation, waterproofing and roofing material are laid - they are held on their own, thanks to accurate resistance calculations.

The advantages of gable roofs over other structures are obvious:

the absence of problem nodes and complex connecting points;
facilitated convergence of snow masses and precipitation;
the ability to control wind pressure by turning the ramp in the right direction;
simplicity of design, thanks to which a small country house, garage or outbuilding can be easily blocked with your own hands;
a spectacular view that can be supplemented with bay windows, dormer windows, attic or canopy;
some interesting architectural solutions based on a structure of two inclined slopes (houses with a sloping roof, hip and half-hip roofs, attic structures);
durability of the design, combined with its simplicity and accessibility;
versatility: they look equally organic simple houses from timber, equipped with a gable roof, and two-story mansions in a classic or modern style;
layered and hanging rafters, which became the basis gable roof, allows you to adjust the load on the roof depending on weather conditions and temperature fluctuations.
Attention! It is also worth noting that gentle slopes are not prone to the accumulation of debris, they do not need to be cleaned, unlike complex broken roofs with valleys and elevation changes.

The gable roof has no disadvantages, otherwise it would have been supplanted by modern complex structures.

Varieties of gable roofs

At first glance, it may seem that the design of the roof of two inclined planes is too ordinary and simple. But this is far from the case - today there are several standard options interesting design of such structures, and also, there are a lot of copyright solutions developed professional architects for a particular house.

Several simple roof structures of two slopes can be noted.

Traditional gable roof

It is a triangle with two identical sides, which are slopes. The slopes are inclined at one angle, have equal length and the same area. Most often, such roofs are located over country houses, garden buildings, garages and baths. The design is the simplest, you can build it yourself, without outside help and professionals.

It must be remembered that the greater the angle of inclination of the slope, the more building materials the owner will need. But it will be better to protect a high triangular roof from rain and snow, but in regions with strong winds it is better not to make the slope more than 15-20 degrees.

Gable roof with terrace

This is perfect solution for country houses and small cottages. You can build such a roof over an existing house, and over housing that is just being designed.

The embodiment of such an idea practically does not differ from the construction of a conventional roof of two slopes - a fence must be installed from the gable of the house and the floor boards of the second floor should be extended to the terrace, and part of the slope should be sewn up with clapboard or other sheathing material to the depth of the slope.

Asymmetric roof with two slopes

This design combines different in size and angle of inclination of the plane of the slopes. The reason for installing this type of roof lies not only in the aesthetic component. The main "highlight" of the design is that the slopes of different areas, inclined at different angles, resist the wind load in different ways.

It is known that a slope inclined at an angle of 20 degrees takes half the load than a 40-45 degree roof, and, accordingly, the wind presses twice as hard on it than on a roof with a slope of 11 or less degrees.

It becomes clear what to use asymmetrical roofs necessary in an area with a constant and strong wind, the direction of which is known in advance. An example would be a house located between a forest and a field: on the side of the open space (field), a gentle slope is mounted, and on the side of natural protection from the wind (forest), the house is covered with a sheer roof, the slope of which has a slope of more than 40 degrees.

Multi-level gable roofs

You can also find a more interesting design of an asymmetric roof - when the slopes are not only different, they are also located at different heights. This option also has a practical justification - a multi-level design allows you to ease the pressure of the roof on the floors and load-bearing walls, sharing the load.

As a rule, such structures have one slope, which is significantly larger in area than the second. It is this part that is based on the speaker bearing wall, transferring the skate to its top. The fulcrum for the second, smaller slope, becomes a beam, reinforced at the level of the ceiling of the first part of the house.

We can say that a multi-level gable roof is, in fact, two pitched roofs combined into a single structure. It is justified to build such a roof over large houses, where the length of solid rafter legs would be too large, which would significantly increase the cost of construction.

Different levels of the roof allow you to arrange overhangs, awnings, extend the roof for extensions (garages, terraces, summer kitchens).

Gable roofs with mezzanines, bay windows and dormer windows

This design certainly will not seem boring, because additional elements only enhance its aesthetics and beauty. Bay windows - turrets protruding from the roof with their own roof, reminiscent of the architecture of past centuries, look great on houses in a classic or gothic style. Inside the bay windows, you can place a dining room or a guest room, so this add-on also has a practical purpose.

For those who dream of a living room in attic, an excellent option would be a roof with a mezzanine and dormer windows. Houses with such equipment look very picturesque, it is especially pleasant to be under the very roof in a house surrounded by a forest or mountain landscape.

With broken slopes

This design also applies to gable roofs, it looks like a pentagon. The effect is that the upper part of the roof is made at one angle, and the lower part is completely at a different angle.

This option is considered the most acceptable for arranging a residential attic under the roof. Snow load resistance is good, the broken structure also resists wind normally. Of course, the consumption of building materials is increasing, which must be taken into account.

Results

Advice! Using a tree for the truss system, you can significantly lighten the weight of the entire structure. While modern metal rafters and beams make the roof several times heavier, which requires a stronger foundation and reinforcement of load-bearing walls.

Gable roof houses are a classic, and, as you know, they never go out of style. In addition, such designs have a number of advantages over more complex options, roofs of two slopes are more durable and practical.

And when right approach, the house will look very impressive - you just need to choose an outstanding project gable roof and competently implement it.

In spite of big choice various types roofs, their variation, uniqueness and originality, it is gable roofs that are invariably very popular. She has simple design, good stability regardless of weather conditions and climatic specifics of the region where the house is located. The truss system of such a roof, like any other, has a number of installation aspects, which we will study.

Subtypes

A gable (gable) roof consists of two oblique orthogonal surfaces - slopes. They are placed at a certain angle to the walls of a private house, due to which they provide a drain of snow, rain and melt water.

A roof with different slope angles is not a symmetrical roof, which emphasizes the originality and individuality of the building owner. Externally, this roof is attractive, but not practical, because attic room under this roof it is inconvenient to operate.

Broken gable - is used when the owner has an urgent need to build a living space (attic) in the attic. This type of roof will have an increased amount of attic space, which means it is convenient to equip it there. living room protected from external factors.

Gable symmetrical - simple, unpretentious, but at the same time the favorite of the majority. At the base of such a roof is an isosceles triangle.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination of the roof, which depends on climatic conditions, architectural features building. In southern regions with strong winds, more gentle slopes are used so that the wind load is minimal. In the snowy and northern regions of the country, a gable roof is installed with steeper slope angles so that snow does not linger on the roof.

In general, the angle of inclination of the slopes can vary from 5 to 90 degrees. The best option 30-45 degrees, since this range is the most cost-effective, the amount of materials used is minimal, and the load is evenly distributed. The disadvantage will be hidden in the fact that it is difficult to build an attic under such a roof, in most cases the attic remains a cold building, it is impossible to live in it.

If it is planned that the attic will be adapted to the attic, then you need to use a gable broken roof(sloping top, steep slope at the bottom). Under such a roof, there will be much more space, which means that it will be possible to equip a living room here. However, one must be prepared for difficulties, since the design of the truss system will change, it will become more difficult to construct.

Types of truss systems

The truss systems of gable roofs have differences in the supporting bases, in general, they distinguish layered and hanging structure rafters. There is also a third one - combined option containing both truss systems.

Hanging rafters are used in houses, the distance between the rafters, which is less than 6 meters, and layered rafters are used where there is a carrier middle wall or column poles.

The load-bearing elements of a gable roof are the Mauerlat (a bar placed under the rafter leg to distribute the load) and the rafter system (racks, rafter legs, crossbars, struts and struts, which were made of iron, reinforced concrete or wood).

Installation of rafters

Before installing the rafters, you need to fix the power plates with anchor bolts, attaching them to the longitudinal walls of the house. After that, you need to select the section of the rafter legs, which depends directly on the length of the legs, the distance between them at the installation stage. It is necessary to choose the optimal, rational distance so that the amount of insulation waste is minimal.

Procedure for installing rafters:

It is necessary to make a template for collecting a truss truss. For a template, it is enough to take two boards (the length of one of them should be similar to the length of the rafter leg), which are connected with 1 nail on one side.
This design is laid with free edges on the supports where the rafter legs will rest. The angle that turned out and will be the angle of inclination, which is fixed with nails and a cross bar.
Now we are making a second template for mounting cuts on the rafters, it is best to make it from plywood.
The rafters receive mounting cuts, after which they are connected at an angle of inclination of the slope. The resulting triangle is a truss truss. The structure is placed on the roof and fastened with a Mauerlat.
It is necessary to install 2 extreme truss gables that are supported by struts so that they are installed and used correctly.
You need to stretch the cord between roof trusses, indicating the place where the ridge will be installed, and also with the help of it the level of intermediate rafters will be determined.
After that, a number of trusses are raised and installed, which should be located at a distance of at least 60 centimeters from one another.
If the roof structure turns out to be too large, then it must be strengthened with a crossbar, support or struts.
The ridge beam must be installed on special supports, after which a series of rafters (short, diagonal and intermediate) must be attached to it.

Calculations

The correctness of the calculations depends on how many years the roof can last, whether it will be of high quality and reliable protection at home from external factors affecting it. If the roof structure is complex shape, then you need to involve a professional, since the calculation itself will not work. For a gable roof, you can make calculations yourself using the basic rules and formulas.

In general, it would be better to involve a professional who can check the calculations and their correctness. The specialist will give advice and correct the calculations in case of their error. First you need to decide on the angle of the slopes and choose the roofing.

Then you need to take into account the wind and snow loads, calculate them. A roof with an angle of up to 25 degrees has a coefficient of transition from snow to the roof - 1. For a roof of 25-65 degrees - 0.7. Snow load for Russian regions varies from 80 to 330 kg/m^2. That is, with a load on a horizontal plane of 150 kg / m ^ 2 with a roof at an angle of 45 degrees, the load on the roof will be - 150 * 0.7 = 105 kg / m ^ 2.

You also need to calculate wind load and a constant load in the form of the weight of the roof (insulation, waterproofing, lathing, coating material, etc.). Ultimately, the total load is considered, including both permanent and temporary. Based on the final data, choose the section of the rafter legs, their proximity to each other.