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How to build a ladder out of wood in the country. Features of making a wooden staircase in the country with their own hands

A country house can be one-story or have 2-3 floors - much here is determined by the financial situation of the owners. Usually, if there are enough funds, people prefer to build a two-story house - there is more usable area, and it takes up the same amount of space on the site as a one-story building or a little more. The construction of any two-story house will not do without stairs. Wood is one of the most suitable materials for its manufacture. A wooden staircase will suit any interior and become its decoration. Wooden stairs for summer cottages today can be ordered from specialized companies or made independently.

The main types of stairs are, of course, mid-flight and rotary. Straight stairs are marching structures, they are the easiest to assemble, but they take up a lot of space, so this option is more suitable for a large house.

Marching staircase with risers and interesting railings made of timber, mesh and metal rungs. Side supports are used little, their lack is compensated by the use of a grid. The hall on the first floor is spacious, the use of a flight of stairs is quite appropriate here.

The turning staircase is compact, it can be spiral and mid-flight. Installing a turning staircase saves space, especially screw structures, but the downside is that it is not easy to make them yourself.

Spiral staircases look much more original than marching ones, such a staircase in itself is the central detail of the interior, but for its manufacture you need to involve specialists

The main stages of the construction of the stairs

Work begins on the creation of stairs already with the choice of material. Pine, beech, birch, ash, oak - wood species that are best suited for this - they look beautiful in the interior and are durable in operation. Oak stairs are the most expensive and durable, but pine is a relatively inexpensive material with good characteristics.

Stage # 2 - carrying out calculations and drawing up drawings

Before you start designing, you will need to calculate the dimensions of the stairs and make a drawing of it. For the house, you can make a stringed staircase with risers, balusters and railings. We will consider how to build a staircase without turns with a single-flight rise.

First you need to prepare a place for installation. If you neglect this moment, the stairs may not be installed correctly, with time there will be a creak, gaps. Irregularities of the floor and walls entail an incorrect distribution of the load, which leads to deformation of the structure.

Knowledge of the basic norms is necessary to make the necessary calculations. The ideal rise angle of the march is 45 degrees, but if there is not enough space, it can be reduced to 30-40 degrees.

Scheme of construction of a wooden marching staircase with risers. The simple design can be used both indoors and outdoors when building a porch.

Then you need to calculate the length of the stairs. Here you have to remember the school geometry course. The formula for calculating the hypotenuse of a right triangle will help you: c \u003d √ (a2 + b2). Here c - will be the length of the side bases, a - the height from the floor to the second floor, b - the distance between the point where it is planned to place the first step to the second floor mark, which will need to be projected onto the floor.

Depending on the height and internal structure of the house, the stairs can be single-flight or double-flight. The height of the risers is 290 mm. The width of the steps is no more than 25 cm, 3 cm goes to the ledge. If the steps are high, or the number of steps in the march exceeds 18, you can make a small platform (700/1000mm). The width of the march should not be less than 80 cm, ideally it should be one meter.

According to the established standards, the height of the railing is from 90 cm to a meter. It will be much easier to work if you indicate all the necessary calculations on the drawing of the future staircase.

Stage #3 - preparation of tools and organization of work

Tools and materials that will be needed for work: a meter, a marking pencil, a hammer, a square to mark stringers, a hacksaw, boards for steps, risers, stringers, screws, nails, railings and balusters.

First, the side bases are made. We measure the angle of contact with the floor from the bottom edge of the board, draw a horizontal line. From the line with a square, we measure the width and height for each step to the top, then measure the angle of contact with the 2nd base. Do the same for the second board. We cut out the patterns with a hacksaw, fix them in the right place with the help of screws.

The next step is sawing and nailing the risers to the base. They should fit to the stringers without distortions, perfectly even. After the base is completed, you can mount the steps.

Steps can be made from a solid board or two narrow boards 15 cm wide can be used. What you choose is up to you, but the tree must lie firmly, evenly. Boards are fixed with screws and nails

Stage #4 (optional) - installation of railings and fences

Railings are an important part of any staircase, they make the ascent and descent safe, and perform a decorative function, giving completeness to the staircase structure. A simple option that will look good is a beam railing. We cut out meter balusters. Two balusters will be direct supports, the rest need to be filed and shortened by 5-10 cm at an angle of 45 degrees. The side supports are nailed to the steps, grooves can be cut into them. A bar is placed on top, which acts as a handrail.

Options for stairs for summer cottages: 1 - mid-flight with risers, 2 - without risers, 3 - rotary structure, 4 - light wooden staircase, 5 - light wood and metal spiral staircase, 6 - spiral staircase with steps along the supporting column

If you want to create an original staircase, the railing can be made from a different material - order forged railings, metal or even tempered glass for a wooden staircase. Carved details will also give an attractive look to the stairs.

Revolving staircase made of wood and metal. Wrought iron railings and metal supports are perfectly combined with wooden steps.

Marching staircase with a small platform. The site will be convenient with a large number of steps. A staircase without classic risers looks lighter. The design looks aesthetically pleasing, despite the simplicity

The stairs may be without railings, but this option is not common - it is dangerous for children to walk on such a ladder, to carry bulky objects up.

If you wish, you can make a staircase without a railing - for example, like this staircase-cabinet, where the space under the stairs is used to good effect - in such a kind of cabinet you can place dishes and other small things, and the design as a whole looks very original

Here is such a simple staircase will turn out if you follow these instructions. The design is ready, and if you cover it with varnish, skillfully choose the decor, then it will look attractive and aesthetically pleasing, despite its simplicity.

The tree is always popular among owners of private houses. This malleable material is suitable for any construction work. The potential of wood is revealed especially brightly when arranging stairs to the second floor. Let's talk about how to correctly draw up a project, calculate dimensions and choose tools.

Types of interfloor stairs

There are the following types of interfloor stairs:

Single-march.

Single-march with a platform.

Two-march.

Screw.

Spiral.

Circular.

Combined.

The final choice depends on the dimensions and geometry of the room. The simplest option is single-march, and the most difficult is combined.

A detailed sectional drawing of the stairs is shown in the figure below. Before manufacturing structural elements, it is necessary to determine its dimensions.

Since a staircase to the second floor will be constructed, the height is known in advance - this is the distance between the floors.

It is necessary to measure the distance from the ceiling to the floor, taking into account the thickness of the ceiling. In our case, this is 2700 mm:

At the step, a horizontal plane is distinguished - a tread and a vertical (rise height) - a riser. There are stairs with and without risers.

Practice has proven that the optimal step height is calculated based on indicators of 150-200 mm. For example, the size of the stairs we have is 200 mm. Then 2700 mm is divided by 200 mm, and 13 steps are obtained.

The dimensions are precisely defined in SNIP:

For residential and public buildings: riser height - 148 mm, tread width - 300 mm.

For basements and attics: riser height - 171 mm, tread width - 260 mm.

Step installation scheme:

Often the steps rest on cutouts in the bowstrings, inserted or cut into the inner part of their surface.

Next, you need to project the design of the stairs onto the floor of the room in order to determine how it will be placed in the room. The width of the tread of the stairs lies in the range of 250-300 mm. We have it 250 mm, and after multiplying the value by 13 steps, the projection size is 3250 mm.

The last thing to do is calculate the length of the stairs. It is determined by the Pythagorean theorem. This value corresponds to the square root taken from the sum of the squares of the legs of a right triangle.

In our case, the hypotenuse is 3260 mm. This is the required length.

How to make stair elements

The next stage is the manufacture of parts and elements of the stairs. It is necessary to take a wooden beam with a section of 140 × 60 mm, from which stringers will be made.

Kosour - the supporting structure of a flight of stairs, in the form of a beam (bar) with a comb along the top, on which steps are installed.

Estimated data for marking the stringer:

Layout according to the stringer template with the same step sizes:

They need two pieces, and they are made from boards 30-40 mm thick - 13 steps, and 13 risers are obtained from boards 25-30 mm thick. The length of the step should be chosen based on the size of the room.

It should also be taken into account that if the width of the flight of stairs is less than 1 meter, certain inconveniences will arise during the construction and operation of the stairs.

When buying wood for building stairs, pay attention to the quality of the material. It should be uniform in color, without grayish areas, deformations and cracks.

You cannot determine the moisture content of wood without special instruments, but too much "water" is felt on weight - such a board will be much heavier than you expected.

Planed wood (namely, such wood should be bought) should be smooth, without roughness, without knots and other defects. Especially avoid knots on the beams for stair stringers.

There should not be more than one knot per linear meter of lumber.

If it was not possible to find boards of the required width, then you can make steps from several narrow boards by connecting them with glued furniture dowels:

In order to connect the boards with pins, recesses equal to half the length of the pin are drilled in the side faces, and a wooden nail is driven in with a hammer until it stops. Further, its ends are smeared with paint, and the boards are shifted towards each other by the side faces.

In those places where a trace of paint remains, holes are drilled to a depth slightly greater than the protruding dowels.

Both boards and wooden nails in the places where they will join must be greased with glue and assembled. To avoid leaving marks on the surface from hammer blows, you need to enclose a wooden plank. Pins need to be fixed every 150-200 mm.

Such a step, assembled from several boards, will completely replace the one made from a solid board. The disadvantage of this step is a miniature gap, because the lumber cannot be combined exactly, so the surface will need to be finalized with a planer in order to finally align it.

How to assemble a staircase to the second floor

Before assembling the stairs into a single structure, you need to try on all the details, and, if necessary, adjust them to fit. After that, the elements should be cleaned with a sandpaper. Pay special attention to end surfaces.

All parts must be connected with stainless screws with preliminary lubrication of the surfaces with PVA glue, wood glue or Bustilat.

Then all the elements of the stairs are covered with stain, and after it several layers of transparent waterproof varnish are applied. If there is no stain, then it is allowed to treat wooden surfaces with heated drying oil 2-3 times. It is better to apply the composition before assembling the parts so that the screw heads do not get dirty.

To protect the places where the glue will be applied from varnish and drying oil, they are sealed with a special masking tape.

If you want your staircase to look sleeker and more elegant, you can use a tread pattern. The markup of all elements in this case is performed in the same way as before.

To cut grooves in the stringers for rigid fixation of the steps, a chisel is also used along with a hacksaw:

It is better to assemble this design not with screws, but to fasten the steps with bolts with a rounded head, which is equipped with a slot for a slotted wide screwdriver.

The connection is done like this:

After selecting the grooves for the steps in the stringer, you need to drill holes with a diameter of 10 mm in the central part of the groove.

The step is inserted into the groove, and a mark is made through the drilled hole. Then a hole is drilled in this place so that the threaded insert can be screwed in.

Screwdrivers are best used for M8 threaded bolts 40-50 mm long.

The insert must be screwed into the step, which is then inserted into the groove and tightened with a bolt. This method of installation will provide excellent reliability and good strength. You can also fix it with furniture screws.

The screw head must be sunk into a drilled chamfer, which will then be closed with a decorative plastic plug.

All fasteners and wood drills can be bought at hardware stores.

It is impossible to build a wooden staircase to the second floor without reliable fixation. But, if the design is small: for a country house of 5-6 steps, then it is not necessary to arrange additional fasteners for the steps. A solid frame will withstand the load.

Stair assembly tools

Everything is clear with the drawings, design and process of assembling a wooden staircase with your own hands. And here are the tools you need:

To drill holes, you will need a hand or electric drill, in extreme cases - a brace.

To cut boards and other wooden parts, you need a hacksaw. For small items, you can use a hacksaw for metal with large teeth.

To fasten bolts, screws and screws, you will need screwdrivers with the appropriate set of tips or an electric (battery) screwdriver. You can also use an electric drill, but it is too heavy.

To make grooves, you should stock up on a chisel. A light hammer will also work. A mass of 200-250 grams will be enough.

When grinding and leveling lumber, you cannot do without a planer and sandpaper of all sizes: large, medium and small.

For marking and measuring, you need to take with you a tape measure, a metalwork angle, a simple hard pencil and several rulers 50-80 cm long.

It is imperative to clean all the details with fine-grained paper, otherwise, after the varnish dries, the wood fibers will bulge, which will adversely affect the appearance of the entire staircase.

At the end of the material, we suggest watching a video with the manufacture of a wooden two-flight staircase:

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Do-it-yourself drawings of wooden stairs: choosing the type of stairs. Design parameters

Many people in our country prefer to do things on their own, for which specialists would have to pay a lot of money. If there is knowledge, skills and experience for this, why not? This article will discuss how to make do-it-yourself wooden staircase drawings, what parameters to use for this, and how to connect them together.

Installation of steps

Any drawing is preceded by calculations, on the basis of which the dimensions of all parts of the flight of stairs are determined. It should be as safe and convenient as possible for movement in any direction - both up and down.

In order for it to turn out just like that, when designing, you need to try not to go beyond the recommended parameters for the steepness of the stairs, its width, the size of the steps, etc.

Selecting the type of stairs

The most convenient is a wide, straight and gentle staircase, but it is not always possible to make it like that. More often, our desires are limited by the shape and area of the place left for it, the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which it will be located, and the presence of all kinds of obstacles.

Possible device options

What parameters should be taken into account when choosing the type and making drawings of wooden stairs?

Steepness or angle of elevation. This parameter should be in the range from 23 to 37 degrees. It is clear that the steeper the angle, the less space is required to install the structure. If there is no shortage of space, you can make it flatter or replace it with a ramp (inclined platform). But with a shortage of space, it is not recommended to increase the steepness of the stairs. It is better to think about spiral structures or a staircase with several marches and turntables.

You can reduce the steepness by applying a design with winder steps

Note. The instruction prohibits the installation of interfloor stairs in residential premises with a steepness of more than 400, since the descent from them becomes unsafe, and with a slope of more than 450, it is possible only with your back forward.

Clearance. The minimum height between the ceiling and the step must be at least 2 meters so that a person of any height does not experience discomfort when lifting. That is, the clearance for access to the upper floor should be such that when walking up the stairs, you do not have to bend down or tilt your head. If the gap already exists, and it is not possible to combine it with a straight single-flight staircase of normal steepness, you need to choose another design option.

One-flight staircase: a simple solution

March width. The throughput of the stairs and ease of use depend on it. In a private house or apartment, it should not be less than 0.9-1 meter. However, if the staircase has a simple shape and is located along the wall, it is allowed to reduce the width of the march to 0.8 meters. This is enough for two people to pass each other on the stairs, as well as for climbing large objects up the stairs. If you are making a drawing of a wooden staircase to the second floor of a spiral structure, then the distance from its edge to the central post should be taken at least 1.1 m.

For reference. Less than 80 cm wide can only be auxiliary stairs leading to the attic, to the basement or to the attic of the garden house. But these are not mandatory requirements, but only recommendations. In practice, they often have to be neglected in order to save living space.

Basic parameters for designing a wooden staircase

The first thing to do to determine the optimal type of staircase and make calculations is to draw a plan of the room from which it will lead to the upper floor. The plan highlights the area allotted for it, the place where the ascent begins, and the direction of movement.

If at the same time the staircase adjoins the walls, all existing openings, niches or ledges should be marked on them, indicating the overall dimensions associated with the plan: width, height, distance to the corners of the room, etc.

Required width of the flight of stairs

After that, in accordance with the available data, you can set the parameters and make drawings of wooden stairs to the second floor.

How to design a comfortable staircase

The main parameters for calculations are the angle of elevation, the number and size of steps. To make the stairs safe and comfortable, it is advisable to “get” into the limit values recommended by SNiP.

We have already talked about what the steepness and width of the march should be.

As for the height and width of the steps, the following formula is used to determine them: 2c + b \u003d 60-65 cm, where

c - the height of the riser (rise by one step);
b - step width (tread);
60-65 cm - the average length of a person's step.

A similar drawing with a given angle of inclination, made to scale, will help determine the number and size of steps.

When choosing the values c and b, it must be taken into account that the width of the tread must be sufficient to rest on it with the entire foot, i.e. within 20-40 cm. At the same time, for ease of lifting, the height of the riser should not be made too large - the height of about 15-18 cm is considered optimal.

Note. When designing spiral staircases or structures with winder steps, the width of the narrow part of the tread should not be less than 10 cm. You can increase the width by abandoning the riser, or by overhanging the upper tread over the lower one, but it should be no more than 5 cm.

What is a winder staircase

The main parameter for choosing the steepness is the height of the floor, taking into account the thickness of the interfloor overlap (see the figure above).

By drawing a similar diagram with your own hands and varying the angle of inclination within the given limits, you can calculate the length of the stairs in terms of and the number of steps.

Let's say the height of the room is 270 cm, and the maximum length of the stairs in the plan can be 450 cm.

The angle of inclination in this case will be about 310, which corresponds to the norm.

The number of steps is determined by dividing the total height by the height of the riser, which is taken equal to 15 cm: 270: 15 = 18 pcs.
Dividing the length of the stairs by the number of steps, we get the width of the tread: 450: 18 = 25 cm.

Let's substitute the obtained values into the above formula: 2 x 18 + 25 = 61 cm. The final value falls into the recommended "fork" of 60-65 cm, which means that a staircase with such parameters will be comfortable and safe.

You can try to increase the steepness, thereby reducing the length of the stairs to save space. But at the same time, all other parameters must comply with the norm.

Creation of drawings

Drawings of a wooden staircase are made on the basis of the calculations made using the obtained dimensions. The configuration and dimensions of the bowstring or kosour depend on the number of steps, their width and height, the thickness of the tread, the angle of inclination and other design parameters.

Scheme of the device of a straight staircase on bowstrings

In the drawings, details such as balusters, support pillars, and railings are also drawn up. Their thickness and shape should be taken into account when determining the width of the march.

It is somewhat more difficult to independently develop a project for a staircase of complex design - rotary, spiral, arcuate. To simplify the task, you can find suitable drawings for the design of wooden stairs on thematic sites and fit them to your size.

Do-it-yourself drawings of wooden stairs

Those who are well versed in computer programs can use special applications to create diagrams and drawings electronically. Among them there are both simple amateur and professional programs, with the function of a three-dimensional image.

Conclusion

Drawing stairs on the wall

Not only residential country houses, but also country houses are often two-story or with a residential attic. They must provide for the possibility of free movement between floors. One of the most economical solutions in such cases is the independent manufacture of a wooden staircase, convenient for walking, moving furniture and other heavy and bulky items.

This difficult task begins with calculations and design, execution of drawings of individual parts and their connection scheme. How to do this, you will learn from the above material. In addition, in the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

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Do-it-yourself stairs drawings, photo video

Detailed and simple diagram for a standard staircase to the second floor.

Are you planning to build a private house on two floors or more? We recommend that you immediately plan what the staircase will be like. And we will help with this - this material describes in detail about the types for cottages, summer cottages and private houses, design requirements. Also, with the help of diagrams and drawings, we will use an example to show how a staircase is calculated and built. The design is quite simple - it cannot be compared with a roof, so even the owner, who has only minimal building skills, can make it. We will tell you how to make it so that instead of a wooden ladder you don’t get a stepladder. Having studied the drawings and diagrams, you can make a high-quality design.

Kinds

Two types have been used in private homes for centuries, which we will briefly consider:

Marching. This option is the simplest in execution, while the design is reliable. If a beginner takes up the matter, then a marching wooden staircase will be an excellent solution. Also, the design can be divided into one-march and two-march. Despite the differences between these types, their manufacturing complexity is the same.
Screw. Work for professionals, as it requires careful measurements and calculations. One miscalculation can ruin the entire structure, so only a master can do it with his own hands. The main advantage of this design is its compactness, because the design occupies a minimum amount of space in the house. Often a spiral wooden staircase is the center of the interior composition. The only negative is a rather steep climb, which adversely affects safety.

Varieties of marching stairs.

Of course, we will disassemble the mid-flight staircase, although we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the screw options. With your own hands, it is easier to perform a marching version, to which there are drawings.

Another disadvantage of a spiral staircase is that it will be inconvenient to carry large items from one floor to another.

Preparation of materials and features of work

Before you think about building with your own hands, you need to draw up or take ready-made drawings, as well as prepare tools and materials for the stairs connecting the second floor to the first.

Let's start with materials for the construction of the structure on the second floor:

screws;
thick boards, which will later turn into steps;
bars - the cross section must be at least 40 millimeters.

It is impossible to complete the work without a drawing, the image below shows in detail what needs to be measured, so that in the end it is possible to calculate the dimensions of the future structure.

It is also worth considering the following dimensions when planning a structure for the second floor from the first:

the angle of the stairs;
width;
the height of the entire structure;
number of steps.

If you have skills in working with a 3D editor, then you can make a detailed diagram. For example, the project will demonstrate whether a stepladder can be made from a ladder. It is also recommended to study the drawings.

Blueprints

The simplest drawing of a marching staircase to the second floor, which the owner can make with his own hands. The drawing shows a rather large structure, but sometimes such a staircase leads to the second floor.

The dimensions of the steps and bars are detailed here. This is a simple drawing showing a profile projection.

A complete drawing with all projections, which will allow you to fully calculate the wooden staircase to the second floor.

Calculations and manufacturing process

It is necessary to build on comfort - the ladder should not be like a stepladder. The optimal angle of inclination should be 30-45 °. As for the width of the step, it can be 30-35 centimeters, the minimum is 25 cm. Also an important factor is the area that will be allocated for the stairs. And if there is not enough space, then you can narrow the steps.

Scheme of a wooden structure on the second floor:

Knowing the distance between floors, you can calculate the number of steps. For example, the height from floor to floor is 290 centimeters, the steps are 20 cm each. After simple calculations, 14.5 steps are obtained. It is necessary to round up to 14 or 15. In the first case, the height of each step should be 20.71 cm, and in the second - 19.33 cm.

The example uses integers - the height of the stairs to the second floor is 260 cm, each step goes 20 cm, as a result there are 13 of them. As for the dimensions of the flight of stairs, its width should not be less than 70 centimeters. In the big direction, the slope can be anything. In the example discussed in this article, the flight of stairs is 1 meter wide.

It is also worth considering the platforms that will be below and above. The dimensions must correspond to the dimensions of the flight of stairs. The ideal shape would be a rectangle or square.

These are the simplest schemes for making a wooden staircase to the second floor. The main thing is to choose a convenient angle of inclination, so that in the end there is no stepladder.

The most reliable option is a straight ladder. The U-shaped option is suitable for private houses, where there is a large area. A beginner is unlikely to master the L-shaped design.

Selecting an installation method

In the design of the future stairs may be present:

Bowstrings. This word refers to beams that support structures on both sides.
Kosoura. The second option is the beams that hold the steps of the stairs from below.

This is how the design of a wooden staircase with bowstrings looks like.

Mounting

When the steps, platforms and beams are ready, you can proceed to the installation of the stairs with your own hands. In the example, a variant with stringers is considered. In advance, you need to make notes for the place of their installation. On the floor of the first floor, the stringers are installed on the support beam. In the place where the stairs go to the second floor, the supporting elements are placed in the gaps in the floor beam. In some cases, metal supports are used that serve the same purpose. The fastening of the stringers is carried out using anchor bolts.

During the installation process, you should always have a building level at hand, you can also determine the position by the body kit so that at the end you don’t get a ladder. Elements of a wooden structure must be installed perfectly level. The tread panels must be fixed on top of the stringers, it is most convenient to do this with self-tapping screws.

The risers are an additional element.

Steps ready? So you can start installing balusters on the floor. At the top and bottom of the structure, support posts are mounted that limit the handrails. They are also decorative and supporting elements.

The image shows how to attach balusters.

Now installation:

Finished balusters must be covered with handrails (handrails), which are mounted on support posts. If the structure is large, then additional support will not interfere in the middle of the stairs.
Sometimes 3-4 racks are required. In this case, you should not waste your energy on balusters, since even boards will be a more rational solution.
After completion of the assembly, the wooden surface must be carefully sanded. You can do this with your own hands or with a power tool.
Next comes the preparation before painting: all debris and dust are removed, it must dry completely. If necessary, puttying is performed after grinding. Of course, wood coatings are needed for this work.
When the preparatory work is completed, you can paint the wooden elements. A primer is applied, and then 1-2 coats of paint. After drying, it is necessary to cover the structure with varnish. Alternatively, you can take a stain.

The result is a comfortable staircase with which you can comfortably and safely climb to the second floor. If the angle is calculated correctly, then there will be no ladder.

jsnip.ru

Do-it-yourself wooden staircase materials and calculations: 3 important steps

You can make and install an interfloor staircase made of wood yourself. The material from which the stairs are made can be different - wood, iron, concrete, or a combination of these materials. But most often, wood is used to build stairs.

Any structure must be safe for movement on it. To do this, before building a staircase, it is necessary to perform its calculations, based on what type of staircase design is expected.

When calculating the stairs, you need to take into account the size of the room and the height of the interfloor space

To calculate a wooden staircase, do the following:

Determine the height of the interfloor space, from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor overlap, and determine the area that will be allocated for the stairs.
Determine the number of steps in a staircase based on their tread depth, riser height, and stair angle. Usually the height of the riser is 150 - 200 mm, and the optimal width of the riser is usually 250 - 320 mm.
The height of the clearance between the horizontal plane of the steps and the lowest part of the ceiling structure should also be taken into account, this is necessary so that a person, when going up or down the stairs, does not touch the ceiling structures with his head.

Before making any drawings in dwg format, you must select the type of stairs.

Before starting calculations, experts recommend first choosing the type of stairs for the house

It is necessary to perform certain measurements and calculations, and determine the general parameters of the stairs:

The angle of the stairs, this parameter is usually in the range of 23 - 37 degrees.
The minimum height between the ceiling and steps must be at least 2 m.
The width of the stairs itself must be at least 1 meter.

After determining all the parameters, you need to draw a plan of the room, on which it is necessary to mark the location of the stairs and all its dimensions with reference to the room plan. Separately, it is worth making a general drawing of the entire staircase for a better understanding of all the necessary parameters.

All drawings can be made by hand, but in order to avoid mistakes, it is best to make all drawings online using a special calculator.

If a person finds it difficult to independently create a drawing of a staircase, you can use ready-made drawings and diagrams of stairs by printing them and choose the best option. But, it is necessary to do this even at the stage of building a house, since it will be difficult to select a drawing for a finished building.

Detailed and general description of the online calculation of wooden stairs

To calculate all the necessary parameters for creating wooden stairs with your own hands, you need to take all the dimensions, such as the height between the floors, the area that will be allotted for the stairs, its angle of inclination, the length of the opening, the number of steps.

You can independently calculate the stairs using special online calculators

To calculate wooden stairs, it is best to use special online calculators or special utilities:

Various utilities also allow you to calculate, view, including in 3D format, and, if necessary, edit everything, and redo all diagrams and drawings. You can even create a diagram of the whole house in such utilities, as well as draw a staircase and see how everything will look on a virtual layout.
When calculating online, you need to decide on the type of stairs, it can be single-flight, double-flight, spiral, stairs with a 180-degree turntable, etc. and each type of stairs requires its own calculation.

That is why you should use special online calculators or special utilities, which are much more profitable and easier even for novice builders.

The basis of the drawing for a ladder made of wood

The main advantage of a wooden staircase is its relative lightness, environmental friendliness, besides, wood is easy to process, and a wooden staircase will look optimal in a country wooden house.

Many people prefer to choose a wooden staircase, because it is environmentally friendly and safe for health.

But, before you make a staircase to the second floor of the house, you need to make a drawing of the stairs, which will take into account all the parameters:

Based on the drawings, the marking of wooden blanks is made, from which the staircase will subsequently be assembled. All dimensions that will be on paper are transferred to blanks, and they are sawn according to the markings.
But, before you make drawings and engage in sawing the material and subsequent assembly of the stairs, you should evaluate your strengths, since not everyone can correctly draw up a drawing and correctly cut all the material.

Before making a drawing, it is necessary to measure the place in the room where the staircase will be located. This is the height from floor to ceiling, the width of the ceiling, you should also take into account the type of stairs, the angle of its inclination, the fastening system, etc.

Without these data, it will be almost impossible to make a drawing of a staircase, and even more so, to make it.

The principle of drawing up a drawing of a wooden staircase to the second floor

Houses are built two-story, three-story, and, to move between floors, it is necessary to equip a staircase.

In order to get a practical and convenient staircase, you first need to make a detailed drawing of it.

The manufacture of any staircase begins with determining its type, it can be:

Spiral or spiral staircase, single-flight classical staircase, double-flight with a turn, etc.;
Also, the staircase, in addition to its main function of lifting or lowering, can be almost invisible in the room, or, on the contrary, stand out in the interior, and even serve as a decorative decoration.

Therefore, before you start designing a staircase, you need to select its type, after that you should schematically draw a house plan, the staircase itself and see how this or that type of staircase will look on the diagram. If everything suits a person, you can start creating detailed drawings of the stairs.

When creating a drawing, one should take into account all previously made measurements, the angle of inclination, the width and height of the steps, the width of the staircase itself, if it is supposed to make a fence, then it should also be shown in the drawing.

Schemes and drawings for the manufacture of wooden stairs with their own hands

The staircase is an essential element of houses, it provides a connection between floors, and the staircase must also provide comfortable movement along it, be safe and fit into the interior of the room. Planning and building a staircase should be based on building codes, and accurate calculation and drawings are also necessary, since if this is not done, then later, during manufacture, errors may be detected.

A well-drawn drawing will allow in the future to quickly and easily both manufacture and install a wooden staircase.

The nuances that will prevent the redoing of the entire structure, the unnecessary consumption of materials and time:

Before creating drawings, you need to decide on the type of stairs, look at different examples, and choose the one that will best meet all the requirements. After that, you can start creating drawings, and plan the arrangement of the stairs in one place or another in the house.
Before creating a drawing, you must first measure, this is the height from floor to ceiling, taking into account the interfloor partition. And also calculate the number of steps, their width, height and angle of inclination of the stairs, etc.
The drawing should not only display all the dimensions of the stairs, but also indicate the fences, their height.

It is also worth drawing a general diagram of the house, which will display the location of the stairs indicating the area occupied.

Such a scheme will allow you to better understand how the finished staircase will look like, and will allow you to double-check all the calculations before making the stairs.

Based on the drawings, it is best for a novice builder to start making the simplest staircase using a carrier beam - a stringer. Their number in the ladder can vary from 1 to 3.

Do-it-yourself staircase made of wood: calculations (video)

During the construction of a multi-storey building, it is necessary to equip stairs so that you can get from floor to floor comfortably and safely for the health of residents.

Low-rise construction, when it comes to residential buildings, involves the construction of at least two-level buildings. Therefore, to move to the second floor, you cannot do without an internal staircase. The purchase of a ready-made kit, firstly, will be quite expensive (at least 35,000 rubles), and secondly, it must be adapted to specific premises before installation, or be reconstructed (re-planned). And this is an additional cost and time.

In most cases, it is more expedient to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, especially since it will turn out to be approximately the same in terms of time. The simplest and most inexpensive option is wood construction. This article will explain in detail all the nuances of choosing lumber, drawing up a staircase drawing and the features of its assembly.

In relation to a private house, two are most common - a spiral staircase and a mid-flight staircase. The first option is quite complicated, and it is unlikely that it will be possible to implement it with your own hands, without practical skills and experience in this area. You will have to make specific engineering calculations, which means that you cannot do without the help of a professional at least at this stage of preparation. Focusing only on the schemes available on the Internet is not entirely correct. They do not take into account the specifics of a particular structure, so they will definitely have to be processed taking into account the characteristics of its dimensions, layout and a number of other factors. And the installation of a spiral staircase itself, especially a wooden one, is far from a simple process.

For DIY assembly the optimal solution is a mid-flight wooden staircase. Based on the height of the premises on the first floor, there can be one or two spans (swivel structure).

But in the details, even completely identical stairs can differ greatly. And this is easily explained by the fact that making with your own hands implies an element of creativity. Since all private houses differ in many ways (dimensions, ceiling heights, layout, internal content), then following a single standard is a hopeless business. By the way, the author has already drawn the attention of the reader to this. Therefore, below are only general recommendations that will help you correctly draw up a drawing of a wooden staircase, taking into account all the features of the structure, and install it in place.

general information

There are several options for the execution of mid-flight stairs. Their main varieties are shown in the figures below. It is not difficult to decide which modification to choose for installation with your own hands, knowing all the features of the house and the premises of the first and second floors.

When describing any product or prefabricated structure, one cannot do without special terminology. The following drawings explain well what the main elements of the stairs are called.

Preparation of materials

When choosing a tree species, if you focus on a reasonable combination of quality / price, it is recommended to give preference to pine or larch. The latter is even better, as it is less prone to decay. In addition, when the liquid is absorbed, it only becomes stronger. Since there will definitely be evaporation in any living space, it is more than relevant, especially if there is a kitchen in the adjacent room. All other species - cedar, oak and a number of others - are unlikely to be budget options for a wooden staircase.
The durability of the structure largely depends on the degree of drying of the lumber. If the wood in this regard is not sufficiently processed, then such a ladder will “lead” quite quickly. Drying the boards with your own hands is a process that is both troublesome and complicated. You will need not only a place for their storage, but also knowledge of all the features of the methodology. You will have to ensure the constancy of temperature, high-quality ventilation, and so on. The conclusion is unequivocal - it is not advisable to save on the material for a wooden staircase. That is, if you buy boards, then only a high degree of drying, although they are more expensive.

Calculation of the main parameters of the stairs

Width

When determining this parameter, one should be guided by such moments. Firstly, whether it will be convenient to move up the stairs at the same time, towards each other. Secondly, will it be possible to transfer oversized cargo from floor to floor (furniture, household appliances, and so on). For a private house recommended width of the internal stairs – 130±20.

Ladder height

When calculating this parameter, inexperienced "home masters" are guided by the ceiling of the first floor room. This is not true. When drawing up a staircase drawing, not only this parameter is taken into account, but also the total thickness of the ceiling and floor of the second room (together with the finish). That is, the last step should be on the same level with it.

span height

The distance between the steps and the ceiling of the second floor (ceiling) is implied. It is clear that moving up the stairs, constantly bending your head is not an option to save space. Basically, the masters are guided by 200. This is enough, since rarely anyone has growth that exceeds this value.

Steepness of a wooden staircase

A slope of 40 ± 5º is considered optimal. Exceeding this value will complicate the climb to the second floor for the elderly, young children, as well as those whose physical capabilities are limited for some reason. But even a more flat design has a number of disadvantages. The consumption of wood is increasing, and much more space will be needed for its installation. Here you need to choose the most suitable option for a particular house.

steps

Tread. You should focus on the 45th size of a person's foot, then it will be convenient for everyone to walk up the stairs. Based on this, the recommended step width is within 28 ± 2.

Riser. The optimal value, regardless of the design features of the wooden stairs, is 18±2. It will be convenient for both children and a tall person to move along it.

Number of steps. This requires a calculation. The distance between adjacent ones is simply determined - the thickness of their board + risers. When a fractional value is received, it is rounded up to an integer value. It remains only to divide the height of the stairs by it.

What to consider:

The dimensions of all steps of the flight ladder must be identical. That is, it is enough to make calculations for only one.
If there are more than 18 steps, then it is recommended to provide a platform in the design of the stairs (hence, at least 2 marches). It is called differently - viewing, turning, intermediate - but you need to mount it. Another question - where exactly should it be located - strictly in the center of the span, closer to the top of the stairs? Here it is worth thinking, in accordance with the features of the house and the convenience of moving to the second floor.

Ladder length

This is the last step in the calculations. The initial data are the parameters of the steps and their number. As practice shows, when drawing up a drawing of a staircase on its own, it often does not fit in terms of the estimated length to the premises of the first floor. How to proceed? There are several options:

Add one march. This solution is more complicated, since it will be necessary to mount an additional platform, and, therefore, to re-perform the main calculations.
Provide for several turning (winder) steps in the design of the stairs. The option is simpler and more convenient for doing it yourself. It is he who is most often implemented.

Features of mounting a wooden staircase

Regardless of its design, all basic technological operations are identical. If you understand the nuances of building a single-flight staircase, then it will not be difficult to assemble it according to any other scheme.

The specifics of the preparation of components

Steps. For them, board segments are selected that do not have any defects in the form of chips, cracks, curvature. Their recommended thickness, taking into account the expected loads, is 35 ± 5. More impractical, since both the consumption of material and the total weight of the structure increase. Less undesirable for reasons of safety when moving up stairs (taking into account the loads carried).

At the stage of preparing the steps, it is necessary to round off the sharp edges of the fragments of the boards in order to eliminate the risk of injury. In addition, their front surface and ends must be carefully sanded - no chips, burrs, and so on. Here you will be most welcome. The length of the steps is selected depending on the chosen scheme of the wooden staircase. But their protrusions beyond the stringers by more than 3 (cm) are undesirable.

Riser. They are not load-bearing elements, and often play only a decorative role. Here you can save a little on them using a board for 10 or 15. By the way, some wooden stairs are assembled without them. Such structures look even more impressive, and, in addition, the cleaning of spans is greatly simplified.

Kosoura. These are supporting elements for the entire staircase, so the lumber for them should be chosen especially carefully. Particular attention is paid to the equality of all parameters. Both stringers should be like "twin brothers", otherwise the staircase after assembly will turn out to be asymmetric, with distortions, curvature, and so on. The figures show some variants of stringers.

The feasibility of making do-it-yourself fencing elements is in question. Well, if it is possible to process balusters, handrails on machine tools. Otherwise, it is better to purchase ready-made samples. Taking into account the fact that it is they (especially with a side view) that are the first to catch the eye, such costs are fully justified.

The nuances of installing a wooden staircase

Kosour fastening. Fixing the extreme on the wall is possible only if the base is strong enough (a house made of bricks, timber, and so on). In other cases, the entire staircase structure is mounted on racks.

To prevent movement of the lower part, a support bar is installed on the floor of the first floor. The top of the span is attached to the ceiling itself (you will need to make a cutout in the beam along its width) or “fastened” to it with anchor bolts. The stringers themselves must also be fastened together so that they are not “led” during the drying process of the wood. For example, yes.

Riser. If it is decided to use them in the staircase scheme, then they are mounted on stringers.

Steps. In order not to be mistaken, their installation begins from the bottom of the structure. Side mounts - on the support beams, if there are risers, then at least at one point (in the center) on them.

Balusters. First, only two are mounted - the upper and lower. A cord is stretched between them. Focusing on it, it is easy to install stairs along the flights and align all the others.

Handrail attachment. When it comes to a wooden staircase, this does not a priori mean that these elements must also be made of wood. It is quite difficult to make them from it with your own hands. Here you will need not only experience, but also the appropriate tool. Options for handrails - plastic or metal.

Final stage

After checking the symmetry of the structure, the reliability of all connections, a number of measures are taken:

Grinding of all structural parts.
Impregnation with special / compositions (from fire, rot, wood-boring insects).
Surface finish. The painting option is not for a private house. It is advisable to treat the stairs with a tinting compound, and on top or with a wax-containing solution. But this is at the discretion of the owner, depending on the general style of finishing the room.

The staircase in the house or in the country is in many cases an indispensable piece of furniture. It gives the house style and beauty, and is also a fairly functional design.

Not everyone will be able to independently build a concrete or metal structure, since it is necessary to carry out rather laborious welding work or work with cement mortar. A much simpler option is a do-it-yourself wooden staircase. In most cases, only materials, a saw, a hammer, and nails are needed to make a ladder.

Of course, there is an option to invite a team of builders who will build you a staircase to the second floor as soon as possible, but it will be quite expensive, and it is not always possible to make adjustments to the design of finished company projects.

Therefore, a homemade wooden staircase for many is the best choice.
Types of stairs for home and garden

For the construction of a quality structure, it is best to take hardwoods. They have a long service life, better aesthetic properties, however, they are more expensive. If you need an economical option, then the stairs can be made of larch or softwood.
After determining the breed from which you want to build a ladder, you need to decide on the design in order to calculate the required amount of materials.

There are a large number of designs of wooden stairs that are suitable for giving or home.
The design with the so-called "golden step" is considered the safest. In such structures, the sum of the width and height of the step should be 46 cm. The dimensions are considered ideal: 29 cm - the width of the step; 17 cm - the height of the riser. At the same time, a staircase with a "golden step" can be of almost any shape, both straight and curved.

More common options are wooden structures on stringers (slanted beams) or bowstrings (beams with grooves), which are the load-bearing elements of the entire structure. Both bowstrings and stringers can be located both along the edges of the structure and in the middle of it. With the direct version, the stringers and bowstrings are made of solid wood, but if the design has turns, then the supporting elements are made composite, based on poles or racks.

Another, more designer, option is ladders on metal rods or bolts. With this design, the entire load goes to the rods themselves, so there is no need to create risers. Due to the lack of risers, the entire staircase seems weightless and airy.

At the same time, if the design of the room allows, the material of the steps can be replaced with glass or triplex with a thickness of 8-12 mm. Despite the apparent fragility, they can withstand quite significant loads and are usually covered with a special anti-slip coating.

If the room does not allow you to place a large structure, then a spiral staircase will do. It consists of one or two spans separated by an intermediate platform, or without it. Screw elements are located in the corner of the room. The steps are strung on a metal or wooden pole, which is rigidly fixed at the top and bottom.

If the room to which the staircase leads is not used very often, then a folding structure may be an option. This type of design does not clutter up the interior. A special system allows you to close and open the stairs. When folded, it is a hatch cover, finished in the same way as the ceiling of the room.

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Choosing a place for stairs

The place for the construction is chosen at the initial stage of designing a house in a convenient place for use. However, as practice shows, the best place for its location is a hall or hallway, in which you can place a wide comfortable staircase. It can also be used to place clothes and shoes.

Straight stairs are quite bulky and take up a lot of space. If the area of the room or hall does not allow to place a large structure, then it is necessary to use a wall staircase with narrow marches, which is located in the corner of the room. In this case, it is best to build a rotary structure from several spans. This option will save space in almost any layout.

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How to determine the dimensions of the stairs

Rice. 1. The angles of the stairs.

Before, it is worth considering its device and calculating the overall dimensions of all elements.

First of all, you should decide on the slope of the flights of stairs. To determine the optimal slope, refer to Figure 1.

As can be seen from the figure, options with an angle of inclination from 23 to 37 ° are considered the most convenient. Increasing the angle of inclination saves space in the room, but worsens its operating conditions. Steep stairs are more difficult to climb and carry heavy objects. If the angle of inclination is less than 23 °, then it makes sense to make an inclined ramp.

The width of the ladder is determined based on the throughput. It is necessary to estimate the number of people who will use it. For example, if the staircase is located in a residential building, then its width should be from 0.9-1 m to 1.5 m, while the optimal width will be 1.2-1.4 m. If the staircase is located in a garden house, where there are not a large number of people, then its width can be reduced to 0.8 m, provided that it is placed near the wall.

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house will be built with your own hands, it is logical to do the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help to make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before undertaking work, carefully calculate the future design for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Stair types

There are a large number of different options for flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping stairs, spiral, with a turn by a certain degree).

The most common is a ladder made of wood. Also often construct a staircase with a turn of 90 degrees. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting device to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, a spiral staircase is made of metal. The screw type of lifting allows you to save space, and the manufacture of metal - to increase the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to look out for

In a low-rise building, having no construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of designer, where all the details are sawn and numbered, and you just have to assemble them using the instructions. These are usually made of wooden stairs.

When building a staircase made of concrete, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform an external finish (beautiful stone or wood materials). It's a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages of 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you do not need to aim at a complex structure right away. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first attempt.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered attached, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal angle of elevation is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood as a material for construction is preferable, as it allows, thanks to its properties, to correct minor construction flaws that have arisen due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the contractor.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result, the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to fix this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards it, the distance between the spans must be at least 100 mm.

Stages of construction

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, whether it is a staircase to a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must withstand the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair margin. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not available, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

A pine board 4 cm thick is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, we mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with an electric jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a model for the second (and if the width of the stairs is more than a meter, then the third) kosour. We cut the required number of steps in size.

The third step is to assemble all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their places of permanent placement. Then, with the help of self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.