Combined house: made of stone and wood. Combined houses: combination options and construction features The best projects of combined houses made of wood and stone

The combination of materials is a favorite pastime of designers; in capital construction it is used to solve important practical problems. A competent combination of the physical qualities of stone and wood in the load-bearing walls of the building gives the developer a tangible gain in cost and comfort.

It is these two factors that have made houses made of combined materials popular and widespread in modern suburban construction.

What combinations are reasonable and permissible in the construction of such a structure?

Most often, stone is chosen for the walls of the first floor (brick, monolithic concrete, aerated concrete or expanded clay blocks). The second floor is built from round logs or glued beams.

It should be noted that combinations of different wall materials can also affect the exterior finish. A combined house allows you to use any options for facade decoration: the brick walls of the first floor can be finished with a blockhouse, insulated using the “ventilated facade” technology.

The second frame floor can be ennobled with decorative plaster or stone tiles. As an example, we suggest you consider the photo below.

Looking at such a house, you will not be able to unequivocally answer the question of what its load-bearing walls are built from. Although the combined technology of building walls is also used here. The first floor of this building is brick, lined with siding. The second is a wooden frame finished with ceramic tiles.

Constructive options for combined houses

Despite the variety of facade decor, the construction of combined houses must comply with the main principle: 1st floor stone 2nd floor wood. It provides the building with the necessary strength and creates conditions for comfortable living on the second floor. Another problem solved by the combination of materials is to reduce the labor intensity and cost of construction.

Those who do not want to spend extra money on exterior decoration act wisely. The combination of stone and wood is optimal not only from constructive considerations, but also from the standpoint of aesthetics. Therefore, do not hide behind the finish what looks perfect in itself.

An example is a mansion built in a deliberately rough combination of natural stone and logs. It fully complies with the canons of country style.

From the harsh mountainous terrain, it leads its pedigree, invented by alpine shepherds. It also used the idea of ​​combining durable stone and warm wood.

Life in the mountains requires maximum reliability and functionality. Therefore, the first level of the chalet is always built from solid rock, which is not afraid of snow blockages, rockfalls and water. The second floor is designed to create comfort and coziness. For these purposes, there is no better material than natural wood.

The "generic sign" of all buildings built in the chalet style is wide roof overhangs that protect the walls from heavy rains and melting snowdrifts.

Modern combined houses made of stone and wood are extremely diverse, since the choice of wall materials is very wide. If you are not satisfied with a torn stone or a flat limestone "flagstone", then build the first floor from. They are strong enough and at the same time as warm as natural wood.

When preparing for construction, do not forget that houses made of foam blocks and wood require a reliable connection between the first and second floors. Cellular concrete is a rather fragile material. Therefore, it will not hold the steel anchors that fix the second level support beam.

A competent solution for such a design is pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete belt along the foam block walls. It increases the spatial rigidity of the building and allows you to securely fix the anchor bolts.

The appearance of the foam block wall is not very expressive. Therefore, it is better to sew it up with a blockhouse or siding, laying a vapor barrier and a layer of mineral wool insulation behind the facade cladding.

For the combined construction of a cottage, you can use. They are stronger than foam concrete, not so fragile and very warm. Finishing wood concrete walls is not laborious, since any decorative plaster adheres perfectly to them.

The second floor can be built from planed timber. This material retains heat well in a residential floor and does not require finishing cladding.

If you need a three-level combined house of brick and timber, then build it according to this scheme: the basement technical floor is monolithic reinforced concrete, the first level is a brick, the second is a frame or log house.

Speaking about the frame version of the walls of the second floor, we note that it will not only save you money, but also allow you to flexibly change the internal layout, adapting it to family needs.

You can hide the frame of the second floor behind the finish. Another interesting option is to specifically highlight it, turning it into an element of facade decor. Fachwerk is best suited for this - an old frame system in which posts, beams and cross braces open onto the facade.

A serious problem of all cottages is dampness on the first floor. The combined house solves it simply and functionally. The lower floor is reserved for utility rooms. Here you can equip a boiler room, a bathhouse, a workshop and a garage. Bedrooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, playrooms and a kitchen are located on the second, drier floor.

A combined house and a combined facade are not the same thing!

As we have already said, a combination of different wall materials is the main feature of a combined building. In contrast, the combined facade of the house can be used on any residential building.

For example, having built a cottage from insulated sandwich panels, you can easily “disguise” it as a stone one. To do this, you can use ceramic tiles, sandstone, porcelain stoneware or rustic plaster. If ordinary, rather than face bricks are used for laying walls, then a “combi-facade” will also be appropriate.

The photo shows a house built of brick and timber. Obviously, the nondescript brickwork will need additional finishing. It does not have to be decorated "under the stone." It is enough to fill the blockhouse along the guides and your house will be completely “wooden”. Another option is a combination of semicircular false logs on the first floor and glued beams on the second.

Pros and cons of the combination idea

Having noted the main advantages of combined buildings: efficiency, layout flexibility, aesthetics and functionality, we will point out the disadvantages of such buildings.

The main one is the different time of "life" of stone and wood.. In rocks, it reaches 150 years. The tree, at best, will last half a century. For a light frame and shield walls, this period will be even less. Therefore, the moment will inevitably come when the first stone floor is still quite strong and reliable, and the walls of the second are already in need of repair.

Since the combined country houses in Russia are still quite young, there is no negative experience of different aging rates of wall materials. Therefore, the reviews of their owners are mostly positive.

Summing up, we advise everyone who has decided to build a combined cottage not to forget about the different service life of the first and second floors. To extend the life of the walls, buy well-dried and antiseptic wood, and trust the assembly of the frame to experienced professionals, not shabashniki.

For a wooden frame, a well-assembled drainage system is required to prevent moisture from entering the tree. In addition, at the construction stage, constant quality control of sealing of all cross sections of wooden posts and beams is required.

The stone is solid, strong, durable, does not rot and does not deteriorate from moisture, it is fireproof. But in a stone building, many feel a lack of comfort, and city stone apartments are rather fed up. In addition, the stone heats up for too long if, say, you need to come to an unheated cottage in winter.

The tree has a beneficial effect on the psychological climate in the home, creating an atmosphere of warmth and comfort, and perfectly regulates the humidity in the room (“breathes”), creating an optimal microclimate for people. In a wooden house, a different, more personal and emotional perception of the home arises than in a typical cell of a metropolitan high-rise building. But many are frightened by the fact that wood is a very combustible material; in addition, wood is afraid of moisture and microorganisms.

Combining a stone bottom and a wooden top in one building, we have the opportunity to "kill two birds with one stone" by dividing the functions between the stone and wooden parts in such a way as to take advantage of all the advantages of these materials. Yes, and externally combined house looks outside the box and very beautiful. Therefore, projects of combined houses are deservedly popular.

Where is wood used and where is brick

The first floor of a combined house can be built of brick (and in this case the most advantageous solution is with external insulation using the “ventilated facade” method) or from foam or aerated concrete blocks. As a rule, such "flammable" premises as a kitchen, a boiler room, a fireplace room, a sauna, and a garage are located in it.

The second, attic floor is built of wood: rounded logs, glued or profiled timber, unplaned timber with external insulation and exterior finish. Far away from the damp earth and sheltered from the rain by large roof overhangs, besides treated with a protective and decorative composition, the wood lasts a long time, does not deteriorate and does not age. On the second floor, with its comfort and ecology, there are usually living rooms.

The interior decoration of the combined house is based on the "dialogue" of two basic materials - stone and wood, which harmoniously combine with each other, at the same time, creating diversity and originality. Typically, the interiors of a combined cottage are decided in one of the varieties of the "country" style, designed to emphasize the beauty of natural materials and natural forms.

Chalet-style houses

A combined cottage is a very beautiful and time-tested type of building. Since the Middle Ages, similar buildings were erected in the Alps, originally as shepherd's huts. Subsequently, brought to perfection, the Alpine style of the combined "chalet" houses gained immense popularity in Europe. It has bright and recognizable features, such as a sloping gable roof with large overhangs and a canopy, spacious terraces, often placed outside the perimeter of the house and resting on columns. But at the same time, the architectural style of the "chalet" gives the widest scope for creative imagination. For example, the second floor can be made both in the form of a log house and in the medieval half-timbered style.

By the way, in pre-revolutionary Russia, such houses were also held in high esteem. Practical merchants, for example, often put a residential wooden blockhouse on a stone first floor, where a shop, warehouse and utility rooms were located.

A specific choice of building materials and design solutions allows you to flexibly and widely vary the budget for the construction of a combined country house. We offer you both standard projects and the construction of turnkey combined houses according to individual projects.

The construction of combined houses meets modern trends. People are trying to make their housing reliable, durable and environmentally friendly. Buildings made of stone and wood fully meet these requirements. They are very practical and are becoming increasingly popular among private developers. What you need to know before drawing up a project, what are the pros and cons of houses of this type, experts say.

This type of building is not know-how. Even in the times of Kievan Rus, they noticed that such houses are durable, light, resist fire more and better protect heat. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, the stone remains closest to the ideal.

Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built of durable stone, which is not afraid of fires, strong winds, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. In addition, the stone base of the house becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The beam helps to increase the energy efficiency of the building, gives comfort, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:

1. Glued. One element consists of many thin glued softwood lamellae.
2. Unprofiled. An ordinary bar obtained after processing a log at a sawmill. The cheapest option to build.
3. profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. It has clear set parameters.

Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the chalet style is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic very prominent overhangs of cornices. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows you to maximize the conversion of sunlight into thermal energy. The second wooden floor of such a house is.

Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.

Pros and cons of combined houses

The popularity of such cottages is explained by a large preponderance of positive characteristics over negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:

• lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
• the possibility of construction in a place with a close occurrence of groundwater;
• durability;
• the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
• a wide range of design solutions along with high aesthetics;

• profitability;
• higher fire safety (in comparison with buildings only made of wood or modern combustible materials);
• increased protection against moisture;
• the function of the second floor-thermos: in the heat it will be cool there, in the cold - warmer.

Attention! The environmental friendliness of materials is not a fiction. It has been proven that living in a wooden entourage improves sleep, normalizes the state of the nervous system and prevents the development of respiratory diseases (if the timber is made of coniferous species).

The disadvantages of two-part houses are not so many:

• wood serves less than stone;
• stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, because of this, after operation in severe frost or heat, difficulties may arise;
• even in combination with a non-combustible neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.

The stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be further strengthened from subsidence with a high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is an option for those who cannot afford a two-story cottage. Architects also recommend this type of building when, due to a heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house can burst or cause distortion. In fact, the usual foundation for a 1-story house is enough for the building.

Tips from the Experts for Designing Composite Houses

The design approach in the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally veneered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.

There are exceptions, when with the help of modern facing materials both floors lead to a single design style. But in this case, do not forget about the different characteristics of the materials. On one in a few years, the lining will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold.

When drawing up a project, the size of the dwelling does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the earth should not be a swamp and be able to withstand a one-story stone house.

The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent on pouring, drying the foundation and raising the stone walls. A lightweight wooden level develops much faster: it does not require finishing. At least for the first time, you can live with bare wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before picking up a spatula or facing panels, conduct communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.

Attention! The combination of premises for business and life in a 2-storey combined house is quite in demand. Downstairs, the owners are equipping a commercial space, and upstairs they live by themselves, making a separate exit and communications.

The combination of materials in housing construction opens up wide possibilities for its style design. You can make a house for every taste. In order not to be disappointed with the result, work only with experienced builders.

Combined houses: video

The desire to have their own country house forces many residents of the metropolis to invest fabulous sums in the construction. And the more intricate the project of the cottage is, the greater the financing of the construction should be. At the same time, the price of a finished house to a large extent depends on the material used for construction. And since stone is mainly used for the installation of houses in Russia, the cottage translates into a pretty penny. However, there is a very productive method of saving family money on building their own nest - cozy and durable houses made of stone and wood. So, as a result of a combination of materials, it will be possible to save on the installation of the entire structure.

Types of combined houses

The use of diverse building materials in the construction of houses has been known to history since the 15th century. And the main harmonious combination was the combination of stone and wood. Such a tandem allows you to make a powerful load-bearing plinth (or first floor) and mount an already lightweight version of the second floor or attic made of wood above it. The most popular examples of such combinations are:

• Half-timbered houses. They originate from Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The construction of such buildings is based on a wooden frame, which is filled with a natural stone block. Or this same timber frame is mounted on a pre-arranged stone lower floor. The house acquires the outlines of reliability, massiveness and fortress.
• Chalet houses. They are also known as hunter's houses. These buildings came to architecture from the mountainous Alps, where shepherds and hunters equipped their homes in order to hide from the changeable weather of the mountains. Snow or unexpected winds, rain or hot sun - all this could overtake the shepherd in the mountains at any moment. It was as a refuge that strong chalet cottages were built, which were based on a strong stone (basement) floor and a wooden attic, sheltered from snow and wind by a sloping roof. Such a house made of wood and stone today has become a special style of architectural direction.

Important: the main rule when combining materials in a building is the installation of a lighter floor over a heavier one. And even if the house will have three floors, the bearing capacity of building materials should decrease from bottom to top. For example, a concrete basement, then the first floor of blocks or bricks, the third floor is exclusively wooden.

Types of material combinations

The construction of combined buildings is similar to the work of a sculptor. Here you can interpret in such a way that the finished cottage turned out to be unlike any of the neighboring ones. In this case, most often the developer uses the following types of combinations:

• Monolithic reinforced concrete and log rounded. Here, coarser hand-cut chopped round timber can be used. Note that a reliable reinforced concrete level acts as a basement semi-basement floor. It is subsequently sheathed on the outside with clinker tiles or simply plastered. The use of a reinforced concrete monolith in the form of a basement floor is relevant on non-porous soils with a low level of groundwater.
• The combination of a brick ground floor with a lighter and more even beam. In this case, either a strip reinforced concrete foundation or a monolithic slab is mounted under the house. It all depends on the type of soil on the site and the level of groundwater on it. It is worth noting that brick and timber, which have a perfectly even shape, create an original tandem for mounting a house in the style of half-timbered construction.
• You can also mount a three-story house from combined materials. Here, combined houses made of foam blocks and wood on top of a monolithic basement level are relevant. At the same time, the house will acquire its final appearance, thanks to the exterior finish of the stone floors chosen by the developer. The tree will speak for itself.
• And there is also a cheaper combination of materials from a bar or log on the first floor and a frame-shield structure on the second. But this technology is used for small cottages and, if desired, save a lot.

Important: in any of the cases of installing a stone first level, the fire safety of the finished house increases several times. Since it is in the basement (lower) level of the house that all utility and household premises are located, such as a kitchen, garage, boiler room, workshop, fireplace room, etc.

The advantages of houses made of combined material

The construction of a combined house has a number of advantages in comparison with the installation of a homogeneous cottage. Especially if it was originally planned to mount the whole stone house. So, the main positive aspects of such a building are:

• Significant savings in the construction budget. Moreover, funds are saved not only due to the cost of diverse materials - stone and wood. The estimate is melting before our eyes as a result of the fact that houses made of bricks or blocks and timber end up with a smaller mass than a completely stone building. As a result, a lightweight type of foundation can be mounted under such a house. But it is the basis that most often costs about 30-40% of the total construction budget. In addition, it will be possible to save money on hiring workers for the installation of the cottage. That is, the payment to masons will be less than if they built a completely stone house. Yes, and renting special equipment for the installation of a combined house is cheaper.
• Wide architectural possibilities. Most often, for the construction of combined houses, non-standard projects of combined houses made of brick and wood are used. Here, the extensions of the left or right wing of the house may predominate as a territory for the utility room. At the same time, this area of ​​the cottage is also reliably sheltered from precipitation by a sloping roof, like any other part of the house. You can also hide from prying eyes all the utility rooms in the basement, and leave only the cozy and comfort-breathing rooms of the first floor and the attic for the guests to see. Stained-glass windows, an attic balcony under the roof or a spacious terrace from the eastern part of the cottage are used as the entourage of the house.
• It is also worth noting that you can move into a combined house immediately, but using only the first or basement floor. Since the stone is not subject to natural shrinkage, the interior finishing of the lower level can be carried out immediately after construction is completed. The upper wooden level must be given time to shrink and only after that begin internal work.
• The heat capacity of a combined house will be several times higher than that of a house made entirely of stone. After all, the tree perfectly holds heat, which means that the heating of the first floor is of high quality, and the optimum temperature of the second level can also be ensured. Hence, by the way, and savings on the maintenance of the finished house.
• In addition, the stone lower floor is more resistant to seasonal changes in the ground, which means that it will ensure a longer service life of the finished cottage.
• In addition, it is the wooden part of the combined stone-wood house that provides optimal microcirculation throughout the entire room. After all, the tree breathes constantly, regardless of temperature changes outside and inside the building.

However, the combined cottage has one significant disadvantage - this is the difference in the service life of building materials. So, a stone is able to provide a house with a life of 100 years or more. While the upper level of the cottage, made of timber or logs, will require repair in 30-40 years. However, such a nuance can also be interpreted as a positive moment - there is a chance to re-plan the attic level to meet the needs of a family that has grown in size. That is, both children and grandchildren can be provided with a separate spacious room in a cozy strong house.

The nuances of the construction of a combined structure

In order to correctly combine two types of building materials into a single and strong monolithic structure, several basic requirements must be observed:

• So, you need to combine wood with stone using special steel pins built into the masonry. At the same time, the stone surface in front of the installation of wooden crowns must be waterproofed.
• The tree, in turn, is necessarily treated with antiseptics and flame retardants before laying in order to increase its fire safety and resistance to decay.
• The stone part of the house is finished with plaster or cladding. And the decorative design of the wooden level, if necessary, is performed using lining. Although wood is an independent and harmonious building material.

Design features of combined buildings

In order for a house made of aerated concrete (brick, foam concrete or reinforced concrete monolith) to become a real haven for the whole family, several nuances must be taken into account during its construction (at the design stage):

• So, in the lower part of the cottage, all utility, household and public premises are usually located. If the house has only two levels, then rest rooms such as a billiard room, a fireplace room, and a living room are also arranged here. At the same level, but away from the "noisy" rooms, you can arrange an office. If the house is supposed to have a basement level, then it is here that all household rooms are arranged. On the ground floor there is a kitchen, a dining room, a fireplace and an office. And already in the attic they design all the rooms for sleeping. Here you can also place a nursery.
• An excellent solution is offered by such house projects, where on the ground floor they arrange a room for a family business. It can be a workshop or atelier, a small shop or office. Autumn is convenient to work with a family, without leaving home and without wasting time on the road to the workplace.

Tip: but in this case, you should make sure that all household members have a separate entrance to the house, hidden from prying eyes. It is better if it is a courtyard hidden by a fence. Such a combined house project is a great option for a large family.

, half-timbered houses , stone houses , combined houses , houses from profiled beams , from logs

Do you want to become the owner of a beautiful, durable and comfortable cottage? Then right now look at what combined houses we can offer you. Recently, many of our clients prefer this type of housing, because a successful combination of wood and stone combines all the advantages of both materials.

Half-timbered cottages began to appear in Germany as early as the 15th century. And now they have found a new life. Achievements in the field of construction allow us to preserve and increase all the advantages of oak, fir, pine and natural stone. Such buildings are devoid of disadvantages. And to become the owner of a truly reliable and durable family nest, you just need to contact our company. We will carry out the construction on a turnkey basis, taking into account all your wishes and requirements for the house.

Why choose a combined house?

Combined houses stands out with the following benefits:

• Possibility to live in a cottage at any time of the year. It is cool in summer and very warm in winter, even if located in areas with a harsh climate. It is enough to install a high-quality heating system. The walls will retain heat, so there will be no large costs for paying for used gas or electricity.
• Fire safety. Since in the construction of combined houses we use only wood treated with special impregnations, it will be resistant to fire. You can install a fireplace in your cottage, and even more than one, without fear of a fire risk.
• Environmental friendliness. There is nothing more natural than solid wood. It is pleasant and easy to breathe in a house made of beams. Such a house is ideal for families with children, allergy sufferers and asthmatics.
• Light weight. Lightweight design ensures that soil shrinkage does not occur. Therefore, such houses can be built even in areas dominated by sandy and swampy soil.
• Attractive appearance. Combined half-timbered cottages captivate the eye from the first moment. And we guarantee that aesthetics will not disappear over the years. The materials used in construction are resistant to changes in temperature and humidity of the environment, ultraviolet radiation, etc.

Since our company itself is engaged in timber harvesting, develops projects and builds combined houses, we offer you our services at the most attractive prices.

Contact our managers right now to discuss all the terms of cooperation!