Mineral fertilizers - types and characteristics. What fertilizers to apply to the soil in spring and autumn? Mineral fertilizers: types, how to apply, fertilizing calendar

Fertilizers for a garden and a kitchen garden. Kinds

In order for the plants to grow well, they need to be periodically fed with fertilizers containing primarily nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

All fertilizer divided into organic and mineral. By origin, they can be both natural and chemically obtained.

The most commonly used natural organic fertilizers are compost, manure, bird droppings, peat. These fertilizers contain all the substances necessary for plants in full. At the same time, when introduced into the soil, they improve its structure.

Manure

Manure is valuable organic fertilizer. AT fresh it is not recommended to apply it to the soil, as it contains substances necessary for plants in an inaccessible form. When manure decomposes in the soil, a lot of heat and gases toxic to plants are released. It may contain weed seeds. In this regard, the manure must first be rotted. To do this, fresh manure is stacked and covered with a layer of peat 15-20 cm thick on top and stored in this form for 4-6 months. Semi-decomposed manure can in some cases be used as fertilizer. 10 kg of such manure contains approximately 50 g of nitrogen, 25 g of phosphorus and 60 g of potassium.

Manure is often mixed with mineral fertilizers before being applied to the soil. For 1 ton of manure, 15-25 kg of simple superphosphate, 50-60 kg of phosphorus flour are added. The soil is fertilized with manure, usually once every 2-3 years. Do this when digging the site. 4-6 kg of manure is applied per 1 m 2 of land.

Compost

Compost is the best organic natural fertilizer. Ready compost is a dark homogeneous crumbly mass. Use it as humus. For its preparation, a special area with sides of 1.5-2 m is allocated. Upper layer the soil is removed to a depth of 20 cm, the resulting pit is covered with a layer of peat 10–15 cm thick. Another layer of earth 5–10 cm thick can be poured. Various organic materials and waste are then piled into this place. Each layer 20-30 cm thick is poured with slurry, water, bird droppings are placed there and sprinkled thin layer soil. Can be added to compost heap and mineral fertilizers. Waste storage is carried out until the pile reaches a height of 1-1.5 m.

In order for the organic mass to rot better, the compost heap is periodically moistened. Every 1-2 months it is shoveled with a pitchfork. In the summer, the compost is ready in 3-4 months. It can be used to fertilize garden beds. sawdust, needles decompose very slowly, so the compost from them becomes suitable for use only after 1-2 years.

bird droppings

Bird droppings are chemically richer in plant nutrients than manure. It works very quickly. In its pure form, it is introduced into the soil only when digging. Do this in spring and autumn. For 1 m 2 of soil, 0.2-0.3 kg of bird droppings are consumed. To feed plants, bird droppings are diluted with water. They fill the container by 1/3 and fill it to the brim with water. Insist bird droppings for 2-4 days and at the same time periodically mix. Then the resulting fertilizer is diluted with water 3-4 times and used for watering plants. 1-1.5 buckets of liquid fertilizer are consumed per 1 m 2 of land.

You can prepare fertilizer from bird droppings in another way. In a bucket of water, 1-2 kg of bird droppings are diluted. Then they water rows and furrows at the rate of 1.5 liters per 1 m 2. After that, the beds are sprinkled with soil.

Peat

In its pure form, it is not advisable to use peat for plant nutrition. In peat, nitrogen is in a form that is difficult for plants to digest. It contains ferrous compounds harmful to plants, so it is characterized by high acidity.

Sometimes peat is applied to light sandy and heavy loamy soils to improve their structure. However, the acidity of the peat is first neutralized. For this, 2-3 kg of lime or 3-4 kg of wood ash are added per 100 kg of high-moor peat. Lowland peat is aired before use. At the same time, its moisture content decreases and incompletely oxidized substances are completely oxidized.

Mineral fertilizers

Mineral fertilizers increase soil fertility and improve plant nutrition. They contain mineral salts. According to their composition, they are divided into simple and complex. Simple mineral fertilizers contain one of the nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, copper, etc.). Complex mineral fertilizers contain two or more nutrients. Complex mineral fertilizers are subdivided according to the number of nutrients.

How does deficiency manifest itself? chemical elements in plants

If the plant lacks any important chemical elements, then it starts to hurt. In each case, certain signs appear that can be used to determine which element the plant lacks. The shortage can be filled with fertilizers (Table 1).

Table 1. Signs of a lack of chemical elements in plants

Right choice fertilizer- the key to an excellent harvest.

nitrogen fertilizers

What does nitrogen affect when growing vegetables

It is thanks to nitrogen that cultures develop, grow larger, and become strong. It is especially necessary at the stage of growth, so that in the future the plant has the strength to form fruits.

With a lack of nitrogen, the plant develops poorly, the leaves become pale, and in more severe cases, the entire shoot turns yellow, the leaves fall off, the fruit ovaries may crumble, and the fruits that have managed to form grow small.

With an excess of nitrogen, plants grow very large, with dark green leaves, the main energy goes to the greens, and therefore the fruits can ripen slowly.

In addition, such plants are more susceptible to frost.

An overdose of nitrogen fertilizers can be dangerous due to the deposition of nitrates in fruits, which become dangerous to eat.

Application of nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen fertilizers are best applied in the spring, when plants need the most support to grow. better growth. In the summer, the fruits are already tied and ripening (excess nitrogen should not interfere with this), and in the fall the plants are preparing for winter (excess nitrogen can become dangerous due to the likelihood of the first frosts).

To make up for the deficiency of nitrogen, urea or ammonium nitrate should be added (in diluted form - 4-8 g / m2, in dry form - 10-25 g / m2). Scatter the fertilizer in an even thin layer over the surface of the soil, and then pour abundantly or dilute 1 tbsp. l. fertilizer in 10 liters of water.

Phosphate fertilizers

What does phosphorus affect when growing vegetables

Phosphorus is a very important element in the formation of fruits, it is thanks to him that they ripen in a timely manner, they turn out to be large, tasty.

With a lack of phosphorus, the leaves acquire a characteristic bluish or purple hue on the undersides, in general they become dark green in color, they can go brown spots. The fruits are poorly tied, ripen for a long time, some do not have time to ripen at all by the end of the season.

With an excess of phosphorus, the plant turns yellow, the leaves become wrinkled, fall off, it quickly ages.

Too much a large number of phosphorus in the soil leads to a lack of manganese.

Application of phosphate fertilizers

Phosphorus fertilizers can be applied in the spring before sowing, but still better in autumn, since this element is well retained in the soil. The fertilizer is scattered and dug deep so that the phosphorus is in the deep layers, where the main volume of the roots will be. To make up for the deficiency of phosphorus, 15-20 g / m 2 of double superphosphate should be scattered.

potash fertilizers

What does potassium affect when growing vegetables

Potassium is a regulator of many plant life processes, it determines the rate of absorption of nutrients, sunlight, resistance to low temperatures and sickness. With a lack of potassium, the plant as a whole slows down its development and becomes more susceptible to adverse factors. A characteristic symptom of potassium deficiency is the "burn" of the edges of the leaves, and in severe cases, they twist and dry out. Their color becomes dull, with a bronze tint. The stem is thin and lifeless.

With an excess of potassium, the leaves have a dark green tint, young leaves are too small. There is a lack of magnesium, calcium, zinc and some other elements.

When and how to apply potash fertilizers

Potash fertilizers are applied in autumn for deep digging, as they usually contain harmful chlorine, which has time to wash out before spring. To make up for the lack of potassium, use 30 g / m 2 of potassium chloride or potassium magnesia.

What does calcium affect when growing vegetables?

Calcium is involved in photosynthesis, in nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism and in the mechanism of cell permeability. With its deficiency, whitening of the leaves appears, the tips of the roots die off, the flowers and ovaries fall off, the bones form poorly, the young leaves grow small, pale and crooked. Calcium deficiency is seen in acidic soils as well as excess potassium.

An excess of calcium is observed in violation of the absorption of potassium and nitrogen, expressed in chlorosis, and the bones and shells become too thick.

When and how to apply lime fertilizer

The introduction of calcium is carried out by liming, which at the same time alkalizes the soil. Therefore, depending on the acidity of the soil, a different amount of fertilizer is applied. If necessary, plants can be fed with calcium nitrate or calcium chloride (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), however, cases of a lack of this element are rare.

Every summer resident knows that without fertilizers it is impossible to obtain stable rich harvests. Fertilizers help plants to ripen much faster, make the fruits juicy and healthy, and contribute to the accelerated restoration of the soil. There are many varieties of mixtures, each of which differs in its composition and specific application. In this article we will consider the main types of fertilizers, their advantages and features of use.

Whether you grow plants on your windowsill or have your own yard with beds and a garden, the use of fertilizers is an essential part of the process. To increase soil fertility, many substances are used, which are determined by the initial composition of the soil, the variety of the plant that you are going to grow, climatic conditions and your financial capabilities.

The main task of all fertilizers is to replenish the supply of missing substances in the soil for crop growth and crop maturation. Often the land needs several important element x, therefore, special nutritional complexes are created aimed at comprehensive enrichment.

There are two main groups of fertilizers:

1. Mineral.
2. Organic.

Each of them is divided into a lot of subspecies depending on the substances used (nitrogen, manure, potassium, sulfur, etc.). The scheme "Types of fertilizers", set out below, clearly demonstrates all the diversity and multidirectional compositions:

Mineral fertilizers

Fertilizers are components of inorganic nature and are actively used in agriculture for several reasons. Firstly, you can buy them in almost any store, and the low cost allows you to choose an option for any wallet. Secondly, mineral fertilizers have a quick positive impact with a wide range of coverage. Thirdly, they are quite compact, and it is very convenient and inexpensive to transport them.

The composition of such "fast" dressings contains substances that do not have a carbon base. Typically, inorganic fertilizers contain various mineral compounds, such as acids, salts or oxides. Distinguish between simple and complex fertilizers. In simple ones, there is only one active component. They have a clearly directed effect. Complex ones are more versatile and are able to cope with several problems at once, for example, enrich the soil with many useful substances.

nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen blends have excellent diffusing properties, allowing them to quickly dissolve in liquids.

Such fertilizers are usually applied to the ground in early spring or at the end of winter. During this time they manage to give back to the earth most useful components even before the plants begin to develop. But this general rule is not suitable for all cases, so you should consider individual conditions when preparing a concentrated composition.

Ammonia fertilizers

Ammonia top dressings include more than 30% nitrogen. They are not recommended to be applied to podzolic soils, since there are not enough cations in the composition to nitrify nitrogen. This, in turn, negatively affects useful characteristics Oh ammonium nitrate.

Saltpeter is perhaps the best fertilizer for potatoes. Since it is grown in large volumes, a lot of top dressing is required. The cost of saltpeter is quite low, which makes it possible to provide top dressing of the entire territory without significant costs. At the same time, the yield increases by 40-50% already in the first year after soil cultivation, the immunity of potatoes is strengthened (tolerates frosts, drought, is less affected by insects and diseases).

A unique feature of ammonium nitrate is its ability to act on soil that has not yet been warmed by the sun. Some experienced gardeners scatter it directly on the unmelted snow at the end of winter. She can feed grapes and various berry bushes (gooseberries, currants) in March-April so that the plants do not feel a nitrogen deficiency. In this particular case, saltpeter is even better than organic additives, which can only "work" in warm soil.

Important: ammonium nitrate is explosive, therefore, precautions should be taken during operation and storage. Protect it from overheating and foreign matter.

Nitrate fertilizers

Saltpeter is sold in the form of peas white color. It is used to enrich any non-saline soils, except for chernozem. The nitrogen content in the nitrate composition is insignificant - up to 17%. For this reason, a special technology should be used to release it - scatter fertilizer over the fallow until spring plowing. Saltpeter has time to release a sufficient amount of nitrogen for crop germination and at the same time does not lose useful characteristics due to interaction with air.

Important: nitrate fertilizers are strictly forbidden to be used in greenhouses. Also, they are not recommended for long-term storage, as they lose their useful properties.

If your site has light soil, sodium nitrate should be applied in early spring using the row method. If heavy loam, processing is carried out in the middle of autumn. Today in the domestic market you can find only one type of saltpeter - "Sodium saltpeter technical grade CX".

Amide fertilizers

Amide fertilizers are created mainly from nitrogen and, depending on the additional substances, have different effects.

There are several varieties:

potash fertilizers

There are several types potash fertilizers depending on the percentage of potassium in the composition:

1. Potassium chloride contains the highest concentration of potassium - 50%. It should be applied in the autumn during digging, since chlorine will go into the lower layers of the soil, and its effect on plants will subsequently be minimal.
2. Potassium sulfate is intended for crops with severe potassium deficiency. It does not contain powerful impurities like chlorine, magnesium and sodium. This fertilizer is best suited for feeding cucumbers. The percentage of potassium is 46%.
3. Potassium salt is small crystals of a "rusty" color and is used to feed all varieties berry crops. It is added to the grant before autumn plowing at the rate of 150-200 g per sq. m.

Phosphate fertilizers

Types of phosphate fertilizers:

1. Simple superphosphate is an inorganic mixture containing 20% ​​phosphorus anhydride. Counts the best mixture for any soil with a deficiency of phosphorus. It should be added depending on the moisture content of the soil. If the ground is very wet, simple superphosphate can be applied as groundbait as the plants grow.
2. Double superphosphate is a fertilizer with a higher concentration of nutrients than in simple superphosphate. It is more economical because it does not contain ballast components like CaSO4, as in the previous case. The phosphorus content can vary from 32% to 46%.
3. Phosphorite flour - the standards for the production of this fertilizer have not changed for more than 40 years. Used to increase plant resistance to negative changes environment on acidic soils, improving winter hardiness. Contains at least 19% phosphorus and about 35% calcium.

Complex fertilizers

The composition of complex inorganic mixtures includes many useful components that can bring plants back to life, strengthen their immunity, and develop fertility.

Types of complex fertilizers:

organic fertilizers

Compositions derived from natural natural processes processing of organic matter (faeces, peat, vegetable humus, bird droppings, etc.) are called organic. Such fertilizers contain a colossal concentration of nutrients in various ratios, so they must be used in small doses so as not to harm the plants.

manure fertilizer

The most popular and affordable fertilizer. Depending on its quality and soil characteristics, a portion of addition to the soil can be 6-10 kg per square meter. m. Often, manure is used with compost or diluted with water.

Slurry fertilize plants during the growing season. It should be diluted with water 1:5, and in order to improve the efficiency of the fertilizer, a little superphosphate should be added (about 40 g per 10 l).

Bedding manure is formed by mixing liquid and solid excretions of livestock. It helps to significantly improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the earth, making, for example, a sandy layer more stable or clayey - loose. It also reduces the acidity of the earth and normalizes its water and aerobic regimes. The value of bedding manure is determined by the animal that produced it, the quality of the feed, and the method of storage. The waste products of horses are considered the best fertilizer, followed by sheep, followed by cows and pigs.

fertilizer compost

Compost is obtained as a result of the decomposition of a variety of organic debris - leaves, peel, husks, fish bones, meat, etc. Many gardeners do in their area compost pits, where waste is mixed with earth in layers, after which everything is left to rot for a year or longer. Every year, all layers must be shoveled to obtain a uniform, high-quality compost.

fertilizer humus

Humus looks like a dark brown friable mass and is obtained as a result of the decomposition of manure. The characteristics of the fertilizer distinguish it from other types, since the humus contains the largest amount useful elements. Accordingly, it has the highest fertilizer performance. However, in order for the humus to retain its useful qualities, it must be stored properly. The best option– stack fertilizer in piles. A 25-cm layer of peat should be laid on dense soil, then manure should be poured out and compacted into piles about 2 m thick. Then covered with earth 25 cm.

Fertilizer bird droppings

Bird droppings contain a very high concentration of nutrients. It can be applied to any type of soil, while bird droppings are much more effective than even the highest quality manure. It should be added as evenly as possible. If it is necessary to do liquid top dressing individual plant, dilute the litter in water in a ratio of 1:10. Store in exactly the same way as in the previous case, however it will be useful to add peat and sod in a ratio of 1:2.

Peat fertilizer

An excellent natural fertilizer saturated with nitrogen. Main disadvantage peat - a lack of potassium and phosphorus, so it is recommended to mix it with inorganic fertilizers, feces, manure or slurry. Peat is used to fertilize plants and to enrich the land.

Fertilizer sawdust

Wood sawdust is an excellent loosening material. They retain moisture and air well, enriching the soil. They should be applied when digging along with inorganic fertilizers, dosing 3 buckets per 1 sq. m. If you do not add mineral mixtures, sawdust can mineralize and take all the nitrogen from the soil, lowering its fertile characteristics. Accordingly, when digging, mineral fertilizers with a high proportion of nitrogen should be added.

The rational use of several types of fertilizers at once will help you get excellent yields of any crop every year without the risk of soil depletion.

have a high concentration of nutrients. The composition of mineral fertilizers can be different, and depending on the desired nutrient, it is divided into complex and simple.

Important! Fertilizers should be applied small quantities while monitoring soil nutrient levels. In this case, the harm from them chemical composition will not.

Today, the chemical industry produces mineral fertilizers of the following types:

• liquid,
• dry,
• unilateral,
• complex.

If pick up the right drug and stick to the right proportions, you can not only feed the plants, but also solve the problems that have arisen in their development.

Many gardeners and gardeners know what mineral fertilizers are. These include compounds of inorganic nature, containing all the nutrients necessary for plants. Such top dressing and fertilizers will help to achieve soil fertility and grow a good harvest. Liquid mineral fertilizers have become popular today, which are mainly used in small garden and garden plots. There is also a complete mineral fertilizer, which includes three important nutrients for plants - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. But it is worth remembering that the use of mineral fertilizers requires a careful approach, although organic matter (if the doses for application are incorrectly calculated) can cause a lot of harm to the earth and plants. Therefore, let's take a closer look at the features of mineral fertilizers, their types and characteristics, and also find out how to use them correctly.

Types of mineral fertilizers

As we have already noted, mineral fertilizers are divided into: nitrogen, potash and phosphorus. This is due to the fact that these three elements are leading in the field of nutrition and affect the growth and development of plants. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the basis, from which mineral fertilizers are made. They are considered the basis of harmonious development flora, and their deficiency can lead not only to poor growth but also to the death of plants.

AT spring period there may be a lack of nitrogen in the soil. This is manifested in the fact that plants slow down or even stop growing. This problem can be recognized by pale foliage, small leaves, and weak shoots. Actively respond to a lack of nitrogen in the soil tomatoes, potatoes, garden strawberry and an apple tree. The most popular nitrogen fertilizers are saltpeter and urea. This group includes: calcium sulfur, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, azofoka, ammophos, nitroammophoska and diammonium phosphate. They have various effects on crop and soil. Urea acidifies the soil, saltpeter - has a good effect on the growth of beets, ammonia - on the growth of cucumbers, onions, lettuce and cauliflower.

Did you know? When using ammonium nitrate, be aware of its explosiveness. Because of this, it is not sold to private individuals to prevent accidents.

It should be remembered that nitrogen fertilizers- the most dangerous of all mineral fertilizers. With their excess, plants accumulate an excessive amount of nitrates in their tissues. But if you apply nitrogen fertilizers very carefully, depending on the composition of the soil, the crop being fed and the brand of fertilizer, then you can easily achieve an increase in yield. Also, do not apply these fertilizers in the fall, as the rains will simply wash it out before spring planting. Fertilizer application rates (urea): vegetables -5-12 g/m² (with direct application of mineral fertilizers), trees and shrubs -10-20 g/m², tomatoes and beets -20 g/m².

Phosphate fertilizers are mineral supplement for plants, which in its composition contains 20% phosphoric anhydride. Superphosphate is considered one of the best mineral fertilizers for all soil types that need this element. It should be applied as a top dressing during the development and growth of plants with a high moisture content in the soil.

Did you know? Often gardeners and gardeners use double superphosphate in which the concentration of nutrients is much higher. It does not contain the useless CaSO4 used in simple superphosphate and is more economical.

Another type of mineral fertilizer in this category is phosphorite flour. It is used on acidic soils for all fruit and vegetable and cereal crops. Flour helps in the fight against pests and diseases by increasing the immunity of plants. Fertilizer application rates: superphosphate 0.5 centners per 1 hectare, 3.5 centners per 1 hectare.

Apply potash mineral fertilizers in the fall, during digging. This fertilizer is well suited for potatoes, beets and all cereals. Potassium sulfate or potassium sulfate is suitable for feeding plants that are deficient in potassium. It does not contain various impurities such as chlorine, sodium and magnesium. Suitable for gourds especially during fruit formation.

Potassium salt consists of two chloride elements -KCl + NaCl. The substance is used in many agro-industrial complexes. It is introduced in the spring for almost all types of berry crops, 20 g per bush. In autumn, the fertilizer is distributed over the surface before plowing 150-200 g/m². Fertilizer application rates: potassium chloride 20-25 g per 1 m²; potassium sulfate -25-30 g/m²

Complex

Complex fertilizers are nutrient containing several necessary chemical elements at once. They are obtained through a process chemical interaction initial components, as a result of which they can be double (nitrogen-potassium, nitrogen-phosphate, nitrogen-potassium) and triple (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium). According to the method of production, they distinguish: complex mineral fertilizers, complex-mixed or combined and mixed.

• Ammophos is a phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer that contains nitrogen and phosphorus (ratio 12:52). This mineral fertilizer is easily absorbed by plants, suitable for potatoes and all vegetable crops.
• Diammofom is a phosphorus-nitrogen fertilizer containing 20% ​​nitrogen and 51% phosphorus. It dissolves well in water and does not contain extra ballast elements.
• Azofoska - granulated effective fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Provides high yields, non-toxic and can be stored for a long period.
• Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is a complex fertilizer in granules. It is used for all crops, as its nutrients are easily absorbed by plants. Suitable as a complex fertilizer when digging in the spring.

Many agricultural complexes use complex mineral fertilizers to achieve the best result.

Complex-mixed fertilizers include compounds such as nitrophos and nitrophos. They are obtained by processing phosphorite or apatite. By adding various necessary components, carbonate nitrophoska and phosphorus nitrophoska are formed. They are applied as the main fertilizer before sowing, in rows and holes during sowing, often used as top dressing. Carboammophos - fertilizers containing nitrogen in amide and ammonia forms. Kristalin and solute are used for protected ground. These are crystalline granular fertilizers that dissolve well in water. The most common fertilizer ratio -N:P:K is 20:16:10. Complex-mixed complexes are used at large agricultural enterprises, where it is necessary to cover large territories before planting crops.

Microfertilizers are top dressings and complexes containing trace elements in a form accessible to plants. Often these substances can be found in the form of: liquid mineral fertilizer, crystals, powder. For convenient use microfertilizers are produced in the form of complexes, with various trace elements. They have a better effect on cultivated plant, protect against pests and diseases, increase productivity.

The most popular fertilizers are:

• "Master" - is used as a mineral fertilizer for flowers. Contains: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe.
• "Sizam" - suitable for growing cabbage. Significantly increases productivity and protects against pests.
• "Oracle" - for feeding berry bushes, flowers and lawns. Contains etidronic acid, which regulates the movement of fluid in plant cells.

Basically, microfertilizers are used separately, which allows you to accurately calculate the dosage. In this case, the plants will receive the necessary nutrition, without additional and unnecessary chemicals.

You need to understand that mineral fertilizers are used in two main cases: as the main fertilizer (for digging the soil) and as spring-summer top dressing. Each option has its own nuances, but there are also basic principles that must not be violated.

Safety regulations:

• do not use cooking utensils to dilute fertilizers;
• store fertilizers, best of all, in hermetic packaging;
• immediately before use, after long-term storage, a situation may arise in which fertilizers are caked, so it is necessary to pass it through a sieve with a diameter of 3-5 mm;
• when fertilizing the soil certain culture it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the requirements and recommendations of the manufacturer, since an excess of the amount of mineral fertilizers in the soil can lead to detrimental consequences;
• it is best to apply the method of laboratory research of the soil, based on the results of which it will be possible to use the appropriate fertilizer in the required amount;
• you need to make sure that the mineral fertilizer for plants, which is produced through the soil, does not get on the green part;
• better soil fertility can be achieved by alternating mineral fertilizers;
• if mineral fertilizers are applied together with organic fertilizers, the dose of the former should be reduced;
• the most practical are granular fertilizers, which are applied for autumn digging.

Thus, correct use mineral fertilizers and compliance with safety regulations will help to saturate the soil with the necessary trace elements that will contribute to the normal growth and development of plants.

Without fertilizer, plants tend to grow very sluggishly, their fruits are small and not tasty. Therefore, you should choose best fertilizers for a garden and a kitchen garden. Complex fertilizers are compound fertilizers, which include several components useful for plants in reasonable doses. Domestic fertilizers are produced in the form of mixed, complex - mixed and complex compositions. Various fertilizers for different times and periods of plant development. Nitroammophoska, potassium nitrate, ammophos and nitrophoska remain the most popular on the market.

Nitroammophoska

The mixture is grayish-pink granules. It includes nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, sulfur in a small amount.

Suitable for almost any soil, therefore it is very popular throughout the country. And for plants, its composition is universal. One of important properties of this mixture is an obstacle to the accumulation of nitrates by the plant in its composition. Yields also increase with the use of nitroammophoska.

The environmentally friendly composition is presented in granules, which, in turn, allows you to evenly distribute the fertilizer in the ground. It also dissolves well in water, can be stored for six months, while not caking and not absorbing moisture.

Fertilizer application.

It is suitable both as top dressing and as the main fertilizer. In heavy soils, it is better to make it in the fall. And so it is perfect for protected and open soils, in them nitroammophoska is more in demand in the spring.

How much to contribute?

• 15-20 g/m2 is enough for spring
• 400-500 gr of the composition is enough for fruit trees.
• 30-40 gr for shrubs will be enough.

It is not necessary to pour the mixture into in kind, only before that it is very good to shed the soil, or you can dissolve it in water and water the plants. To do this, 2 tablespoons of fertilizer are diluted in 10 liters of water.

Potassium saltpeter

If you choose to pick complex fertilizers for the garden and garden, then the information in this article will be useful to you. Potassium nitrate is also a fertilizer that is suitable for any soil. And it is especially good for plants that do not tolerate chlorine, such as grapes, flax and potatoes.

Saltpeter contains 13 percent nitrogen and 46 percent potassium oxides. It must be dissolved in water and you can water both trees with shrubs and vegetables with flowers. Thanks to saltpeter, the respiration of plants and the absorbing properties of their roots improve, and the process of photosynthesis improves. It also improves the taste and size of root crops, and their resistance to pests and diseases.

It is useful both for greenhouse plants and for openly growing cabbages with potatoes. Better feeding to phase active growth vegetables. Potassium nitrate also prevents the accumulation of nitrogen in plants due to its low content in the fertilizer.

Norms of potassium nitrate for various plants.

• For flowers and vegetables, dilute 100-150 gr in 10 liters of water.
• For berry and ornamental crops, 100-200 grams of fertilizer is required per 10 liters of water.
• For watering fruit trees, we breed 250 grams per 10 liters of water.
• And such norms are introduced every 2 weeks.
• As an alternative to watering, you can spray the leaves with a 1.5 - 2% solution of potassium nitrate.

Approximate solution consumption:

• For vegetables and flowers 1-1.5 liters per 10 sq. m.
• On the bushes 1.5 liters each.
• For trees 2 - 8 liters per tree, depending on its size.

Ammophos

Highly soluble in water and excellent for garden treatment. It contains 10-12% potassium and 52% phosphorus. Due to the increased percentage of phosphorus, ammophos leads among phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

It is produced in granules, which, without absorbing moisture, can be stored for a long time. Plants are assimilated with a bang.

Phosphorus is primarily useful for roots, so it is best to use it at the very beginning of plant development. Then it will help to form roots and shoots faster, and makes crops more resistant to drought or diseases.

Without phosphorus, yields will be low, and the fruits will not be as tasty. Fertilizer can be applied in spring and autumn, both in crops and in fruit trees and shrubs. Before sowing cereals, it is advisable to treat the land with ammophos at the rate of 60-90 kg per hectare of land. And in horticultural processing need 200-350 gr. for every tree.

Nitrophoska

In order to pick universal fertilizer for the garden and garden, you need to study this article. Nitrophoska is a granular fertilizer consisting of 11% nitrogen, 11% potassium and 10% phosphorus. It can be used in the form of granules or in a solution diluted with water. The most suitable for acidic or potash soils, in extreme cases, it is also suitable for alkaline soils. BUT the best way appears on clay, peat or sandy soil. You can make it before planting or in the fall after harvesting, if only as a top dressing, then during the entire growth period.

For any crops, vegetables, trees and shrubs, below are the recommended norms:

• Before planting seeds 5-7 gr \ sq.m.
• Before planting seedlings or for potatoes 4-6 g per hole.
• For fruitful bushes 50-70 grams for each of them.
• For fruit trees 200-250g for young trees and 450-600g for mature trees.

Finally

This article helped you learn about what fertilizers are for the garden. Based on this information, you can choose good fertilizer for your yard and garden.