Water supply of a private house. Water supply of a country house

Uninterrupted water supply is no longer a luxury, but an obligatory necessity, it should be in every home, otherwise our life will become simply unbearable. About what kind of rest and comfort in country house can we talk if you have to carry water in buckets from a well and wash your hands by pouring water on them from a ladle? According to rough calculations, the average water supply for four people in a family should be up to 200 liters.
Our company offers you not only to buy equipment for water supply, but also guarantees it professional selection, any technical advice and will help to avoid buying a fake or simply low-quality device.

If you already have a well or a well on the site, then you just have to consult with our specialists, select specific model pump, suitable for the operating conditions and your needs and pay for the goods.
If you are only planning to equip your cottage or cottage with a water supply system, then in this case, our specialists will help you choose the necessary well or borehole pump, will advise on which pipes and which manufacturer are best suited for wiring, help with the project and always find a compromise solution for the price of components.

Attention!

Modern water supply equipment is very difficult to install for an unprepared person, there is a high probability of occurrence big problems during operation due to improperly mounted or incorrectly selected equipment according to the technical parameters. Don't skimp on this if you don't want to run out of water in the long run. Contact us and our professionals will quickly and efficiently perform the installation of any technically complex equipment.

High-quality and durable pipes are the key to comfort

Many people think that they can independently select and mount a pipeline system. Yes, it is possible, but at a minimum, we advise you to consult with a specialist. For example, today many homeowners choose to mortgage polypropylene pipes under the screed, but not everyone is aware that not all pipes made of this material can be laid in concrete - problems are guaranteed! In addition, we categorically do not recommend unprepared people to independently conduct wiring, and even more so to change something in pipes with hot water. Believe me, it is better to entrust all this to a specialist in this field in order to avoid sad consequences and unforeseen costs.

Is there already a well on the site or are you just going to equip it?

It makes sense to equip a well only if edible water is available at a depth of 5 to 15 meters. According to statistics, the average water supply for four people in a family should be up to 200 liters. If this source of water is completely suitable for you, you can get to work.

First of all, you need to install well pump or automatic pumping station that will pump water from the well. The pump can be installed near the well or in the basement of the house. In the first case, it is necessary to dig a trench 0.5-0.7 meters deep and it is best to make a pillow for the pipe to protect against freezing by filling the bottom of the trench with sand. Usually pipes Ø32 mm are used for the line, but you need to consider what more distance from the well to the house, the larger the diameter of the pipes must be used. The pipe is best laid at an angle to prevent stagnant water in the pipeline system. A pipe is brought into the house through the foundation, in which it is preliminarily made through hole, which in without fail must be insulated to avoid freezing of the water supply in winter. After entering the water into the house, it is necessary to carry out the distribution of water at the water points.

Do you have a well?

Water supply of a private house from a well involves the installation of a borehole pump, which is immersed directly into the pipe and is selected depending on the diameter of the well. Typically, borehole pumps with a diameter of 3 inches or 4 inches.
An automation unit is also mounted, which allows you to control the operation of the pump and protect it from sudden voltage drops and engine overheating.

In order for the water supply system to be able to provide maximum comfort to residents, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, correctly calculate all operating parameters and engineering nodes. It is highly desirable to start development at the stage of an architectural project.

Bringing ideas to life and equipping the water supply of a private house with your own hands should, if not a professional, then a person who has delved into all the subtleties.

We will help you understand the principles of operation of an autonomous system, designate the device various sources water intake and provide recommendations on the choice of equipment. Step by step instructions on the arrangement of water supply is supplemented with visual images and video clips.

The water supply system is one of the most important elements in home improvement. The essence of its work lies in the automated supply of the required volume of water, for which the user now only needs to start the equipment, and then simply control it periodically.

independent from central water supply an autonomous network must be correctly designed and calculated in order for the house to be fully supplied with water according to the needs of the owners. It is necessary to organize the system so that water flows freely to all water intake points.

Image gallery

For normal operation, the water supply system is equipped with devices and technical devices providing automatic or partially automatic operation.

Used to automate the process. It is applied as buffer capacity for water supply and as a device to maintain a stable pressure.

The membrane tank has two compartments - for air and water, separated by a rubber membrane. When the container is filled with water, the air chamber is compressed more and more, which increases the pressure.

Autonomous water supply systems consist of internal and outer parts. Includes pipeline branches of the same name, laid from the source of water intake to the points of water intake, fittings, plumbing, pump, storage tank or hydraulic accumulator

Reacting to the increase in pressure, the electric switch turns off the pump. As soon as one of the owners opens the tap, the pressure in the system begins to drop. The relay again reacts to a decrease in pressure and turns on the pump unit to replenish the used water.

The use of a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply organization scheme allows not only to automate the process of water intake and ensure its supply. Significantly extends the life of pumping equipment due to the reduction of on / off cycles.

Water supply is the life support of the house. It depends on him how comfortable a person will live in his home.

To choose the right system parameters, you must:

• Formulate requirements for the intensity and regularity of water supply. It is possible that in a small country house you can get by with a system with a conventional storage tank and a minimum of plumbing fixtures.
• Identify possible sources, the feasibility and cost of their construction, water quality.
• Select equipment and calculate options for laying engineering networks.

A well-designed system requires professional installation and the use of quality components.

Selection of sources and water intake device

To organize the plumbing system at home, most often use The groundwater, giving preference to aquifers protected by impermeable rocks.

Points of their fence and location on suburban area it is not necessary to coordinate with the SES authorities if it will not be operated artesian well. Special justifications are needed to use surface sources.

Water intake structures should be built on an elevated site. Wells and wells with drinking water should be removed from places of potential contamination (latrines, compost heaps, landfills, etc.) at least 50 m (+)

The choice of the type of water intake structure mainly depends on the characteristics of the geological situation of the area, the depth of the aquifers, the amount of water consumed.

Using a well for organizing water supply

The choice in favor of a well is most often carried out if the water lies at a depth of twenty meters.

Wells are of two types:

• Artesian. They can be 100 meters deep or more. Occasionally they are gushing if they are arranged in a ravine. The disadvantage is high price works. In addition, the water may be highly mineralized, which will adversely affect the operation of the pump and plumbing fixtures.
• Shallow wells (including Abyssinian). They cost significantly less to install, but the downside is that they can silt up over time, especially if not used consistently. Lifting water requires the installation of special pumping equipment.

Wells are the most common water intake structures.

Drilling wells requires space for access and manipulation large equipment. Often the lack of such space makes mechanized mining of the water source very difficult.

Their design may differ, but the general remains the same.

They consist of the following parts:

• Mouth and aerial part. According to the rules, the mouth is arranged in an underground chamber - a caisson. If the caisson is not used to prevent rainwater from seeping into the well, a sealed head is constructed.
• trunk, the walls of which are reinforced with casing pipes made of steel alloy, plastic. Occasionally, asbestos-cement pipes are used to equip artesian wells at great depths.
• receiving part which has a sump and filter. AT rocks you can not use devices for filtering.

If the place cannot be organized, it will be necessary to rent a sewage truck to remove the water from the flush.

Image gallery

The use of wells as a source of water

The well is built mainly from concrete rings, masonry, sometimes their walls are made of wood. It consists of an above-ground part with a withdrawn ventilation pipe, trunk, water intake and water-containing parts.

Water can enter the well through the bottom or walls, or both. If the flow goes through the bottom, buried in the sand, then it is supplied with a gravel bottom filter.

When water enters through the wall, special "windows" of porous concrete are arranged, which are covered with gravel as an additional filter.

Building a well is no big deal. Therefore, if there is a need to save money, then you can dig it out and then maintain it yourself.

Detailed information on the organization of water supply from a well is presented in.

Arrangement of capturing chambers when using a spring

The device of a protective structure above the spring differs little from the design of the well. In them, water can also flow through the bottom or walls, which are equipped with filters. In rocks, filtration is not required.

If there are suspended particles in the water, then the chamber is divided in half by a partition, one compartment serves for settling and cleaning from sediment, the other for water intake.

If you do not organize a drain from the spring, then, under the condition of poor water consumption, the source may stagnate and the water in it deteriorates (+)

To exit excess water at the highest debit of the source, an overflow pipe is provided in the chamber wall. At its end, a valve is installed that allows water to pass through, but prevents debris and rodents from entering the spring.

Equipment for automatic water supply

The choice of the method of arrangement and installation of the water supply system country house begins with an assessment of the type of intake structure, its depth and other characteristics.

The automated system includes:

• pump or finished pumping station;
• filtration system for water purification;
• storage and control capacity;
• external and internal pipeline;
• devices for automatic control.

When installing tanks and pumps, the requirements of the equipment manufacturers must be strictly followed.

Regulating and storage tanks for water

Water storage tanks are distinguished according to the principle of operation:

• Non-pressure leaky tank. It is made mainly from polymeric materials. Helps create pressure by placing it at the highest point of the system. The higher the storage tank is installed, the greater the water pressure will be in the system. Raising the container for each meter increases the pressure by 0.1 atmosphere.
• hydropneumatic tank. Inside it is divided into two compartments by a membrane. Creates pressure thanks to compressed air in one compartment, which, through a rubber membrane, exerts pressure on the water in the adjacent compartment.

A non-pressure tank is installed in a lighted ventilated room, the temperature of which does not drop to negative values. Trays are installed under the tank to protect against small leaks. The tank is provided with a removable lid and equipped with shutoff valves.

One of the characteristics of the operation of pumping equipment is the frequency of switching on the system per unit of time. This indicator is fundamental in choosing a hydraulic accumulator. For submersible pumps, the allowable interval between switching on is longer than for surface pumps. They are supposed to turn on less often, which means that the hydraulic tank should be larger.

To work in tandem with surface pumps, they most often buy membrane tanks capacity from 12 to 24 liters. If there are power outages in the settlement, it is recommended to install a hydraulic accumulator of 250 liters or more so that you can pump in and store a reserve supply of water for some time.

Hydraulic accumulators are placed in chambers underground, in basements, utility rooms, in which the temperature does not drop below zero.

In a system with a non-pressure storage tank, the water supply process is automated using a float valve and an on and off sensor

Purification of tap water from impurities

Types of pumping equipment and features of choice

When choosing water-lifting equipment, consider:

• Source flow rate. It should exceed the water consumption in the house.
• Type of intake structure and depth of the aquifer. For pumping out from sources up to 8 m deep, surface centrifugal pumps are used. They are placed in the basement or separate rooms of private houses, in underground chambers or mine wells. Pumping water from great depths is carried out by means of powerful submersible pumps.
• Required pressure in the system. pressure pumping unit determine by summing the values ​​​​(in meters): the height of the rise from the level of (dynamic) water in the well to the highest located plumbing fixture, pressure loss when reaching the highest point, required pressure at this point.
• Estimated water consumption. Calculated based on the number of plumbing points and the number of residents. This indicator influences the choice of equipment performance.

Designed for installation in both deep and shallow wells and boreholes. They come in different capacities and diameters. Surface pumps are characterized by lower pressure, so they are used for shallow sources - wells and springs.

The manufacturer often completes such devices with pressure tanks and automation, then sells them as ready-made pumping stations.

Devices for wells are produced in the form of a long, narrow cylinder, which can be freely lowered into it. Well units are larger

It is desirable that any pumping equipment be equipped with protection against operation without water - this will prevent it from overheating and breakage in the event of a decrease in the level in the source or damage to the pipeline.

Separately, it should be said about - a device that facilitates the operation of the pump when taking water from a great depth and / or increases the pressure. It is installed inside or outside the pump, allowing you to increase its power and spend less energy pumping water.

The choice of a pumping unit is mainly focused on the level of the water surface in the source and the type of water intake structure. Surface pumps are used to pump water from wells, submersible pumps are used to draw water from a well.

Devices for control and regulation

A manometer is used to control water pressure. It must be accurate, because even a slight discrepancy in indicators will lead to incorrect equipment settings. You can use devices designed for installation in a car.

Responsible for shutting down and starting the device. In addition, it effectively protects the system from the formation of excess pressure, regulates the frequency of operation of the pump and increases its service life.

When connecting the relay for the first time, most likely it will not have to be adjusted, it is already set to factory settings. But at the slightest deviation in the operation of the equipment, the relay must be checked and adjusted one of the first.

Without measuring and regulating devices, such as a pressure switch and a pressure gauge, it is impossible to control the operation of an autonomous water supply system

The sequence and scheme of installation of the water supply network

Like all work with engineering systems, the water supply device of a private house must be performed in a certain sequence.

Having equipped first of all a source of water, carry out installation:

• external and internal pipeline;
• pumping and additional equipment;
• water purification filters;
• distribution manifold;
• water heating device.

The final step is to connect plumbing fixtures.

Step 1. Installation of pumping equipment

The method of installation of water supply systems with a submersible and surface pump is slightly different. Surface centrifugal pumps (pumping stations) are placed in an insulated external branch or in basement at home, pit, etc.

The submersible pump is connected to a hose and a power cable, lowered into the water and hung on a nylon cable, usually included with the unit.

The submersible pump is installed in the following order:

1. Before lowering the pump, measure the hose and cable. They are interconnected with plastic clamps every 4 m and connected to the pump.
2. Holding the cable (you can not hold the pump on the hose or cable), lower the pump to a predetermined depth, securely fix it. The permissible distance to the bottom is indicated by the manufacturer of the model.
3. A head is attached over the casing pipe. The hose and electric cable are led out through the central hole, the cable is tied. In conclusion, the bolts are tightened, sealing the structure.

The next step is the laying and installation of the supply pipe.

If the well is not very deep, then the nylon cable that holds the pump is tied to a rubber band attached to the head. It will dampen pump vibrations

Step 2. Installation of outdoor piping

For outdoor laying water supply network most often use polyethylene - PE (or HDPE), metal-plastic pipes. The latter is stronger, but bends worse. Much less commonly used steel without zinc coating or galvanized, with anti-corrosion treatment.

A high-quality HDPE pipe must be marked, it does not have foreign spots and stripes, an unpleasant chemical smell

The pipeline must be laid half a meter lower than the freezing level. With less deep laying, a heater is used. Connect pipes with collet fittings without fum-tape and other seals.

Pipe installation is carried out as follows:

1. They dig not a wide trench to a freezing depth and plus half a meter;
2. At the bottom, a pillow is made of compacted quarry or river sand;
3. Level the bottom with a slope of 2-3 cm per meter;
4. They insulate the section of the water pipe laid above the depth of seasonal freezing to the entrance to the foundation of the house;
5. The pipe is laid and covered with clean sand without clay inclusions.

When laying pipes, it is better to avoid connections and not use fittings, otherwise the maintainability of the entire pipeline will deteriorate. If you still need to make a branch underground, then it is better to use fittings for welding. The result is a soldered monolithic connection without thread.

It is better to insert the pipe into the foundation of the house through a pipe of a larger diameter, the so-called sleeve. This will make it easier to repair the line if necessary, and sometimes, if the pipe is not very long, it will allow you to remove it without digging a trench.

A device for irrigation, provision of premises intended for summer use is also allowed. Such a pipeline is sometimes laid on top of the ground.

If the summer water supply system is buried, then it is possible to drain for conservation for the cold season. To do this, a standard slope is arranged towards the source of water intake.

Some types of pipes must be hidden from sunlight and exposure to freezing temperatures. Therefore, even for temporary summer operation of water pipes made of them, it is better to lay underground.

When laying HDPE pipes, the minimum permitted bending radii are taken into account. They depend on the SDR (pipe diameter to wall thickness ratio). Otherwise, at the bend point, the radius of the pipe will greatly decrease, which will increase the pressure in this area and the load on the pump (+)

Step 3. Installing the internal section of the water supply

Scheme and installation of the internal water supply network for different dwellings can be very different. Based on the individual layout and zoning of the house, its number of storeys and the number of plumbing fixtures, an individual scheme is drawn up for the water supply of a private house.

Image gallery

The layout of the internal water supply is carried out in two ways: tee and collector. When assembled using tees, the system is located around the perimeter of the room

In collector circuits, the flow is divided into several parts by a collector, from which it is fed to each device. Such a device allows you to equalize the pressure at all points

In general, the sequence of actions can be described as follows:

1. Brackets for fixing pipes are fixed according to pre-applied markings. If hidden installation is supposed, then the walls are pre-chased, and then the fasteners are already installed.
2. A ball valve is installed at the pipe inlet to the building.
3. A collector is mounted, pipes are connected to it, dividing them into several circuits.
4. Metal-plastic pipes connect the press with fittings, polyethylene and polypropylene - by welding.

Before closing the strobes, the system is checked for functionality. They inspect the quality of the pipe connection, evaluate the operation of the pump and control automation.

Dividing into several circuits optimizes the pressure, so when using one plumbing fixture, the pressure in other areas will not drop

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Important nuances for the device of water supply in the house. Expert Tips:

Phased technology for laying an external pipeline in the segment from the foundation of the house to the well:

Overview of the elements of the autonomous water supply system, types of pumps and connection diagrams:

When designing a water supply system, you need to consider that the more complex it is, the more comfortable it is to use. But simple system more reliable, less likely to fail, available for self-repair.

Therefore, when drawing up a diagram, it is important not to overestimate your strengths and determine the most important functions that a water supply system should perform.

Do you have practical skills in organizing water supply for your home? Please share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on the topic of the publication in the comments. The contact form is located below.

How can individual water supply be organized in a private house? Today we will get acquainted with the possible sources of water, the applied schemes for its supply, we will study the equipment and materials for autonomous and centralized water supply. Let's hit the road!

Sources

Here is a list of possible sources of water for the cottage:

• Main water supply;
• The so-called country water supply with water supply for irrigation according to the schedule(usually 2-3 times a week). In warm regions, country water pipes are operated year-round. In this case, the problem is reduced to creating a reserve of water for its continuous supply;

• well or using the upper aquifer. The advantage of this solution is its low cost, the disadvantage is the low quality of water, which is polluted by rain and melt water coming from the surface, as well as the contents of adjacent cesspools and leaky septic tanks filtering through the soil;

Please note: the minimum allowable distance from a well with drinking water to a septic tank or cesspool is 50 meters.

• exploiting an aquifer surrounded by water-resistant layers. The quality of artesian water is noticeably higher, but the cost of drilling a well is also higher: its depth can reach 70-100 meters;

• Finally, if there is no running water on your site, and rocky soil under your feet, the water supply of the house can be provided by imported water from a tank.

In addition: non-potable water can be supplied to toilet bowls and urinals, the source of which can be any open reservoir or a barrel installed under the drain.

Regulatory requirements

Now it's time to explore regulations. Do they have any recommendations on what is needed for the water supply of a private house?

The source of information for us will be the set of rules numbered 30.13330.2012, which regulates the construction of internal water supply and sewage systems. For the convenience of the reader, we highlight the points of the joint venture that are relevant for our case.

• Temperature hot water at the outlet of the tap or mixer should lie in the range of 60-75 degrees;
• With a significant distance from the water heater to distant points of water intake in the hot water supply system, continuous circulation of water should be provided;

• in places where it is disassembled, it should not be higher than 4.5 kgf / cm2 and lower than the value recommended by the manufacturers of plumbing equipment and equipment connected to the water supply;

Hint: all household and sanitary equipment, which the author came across in one way or another, remained operational at a pressure of more than 0.3 kgf / cm2. It is this value that can be considered the minimum allowable.

• If the pressure at the water supply input is higher than the standard, input;

• When laying water supply and sewerage together, water supply pipes are mounted from above. When laying hot and cold water pipes together, the DHW wiring is carried out above the cold water wiring;

• Long sections of DHW filling and connections made of polymeric materials (primarily polypropylene) must be equipped with expansion joints when heated;

• On cold water supply, it is allowed to use materials with a design service life at a nominal pressure of at least 50 years, on hot water supply - 25 years. At the same time, the hydraulic resistance of the pipeline should not increase during its operation;

• With an average daily water consumption of less than 10 cubic meters (that is, in almost any private house), the diameter of the water meter at the inlet should be 15 millimeters;

• Shutoff valves and a coarse filter are installed in front of the meter.

Circuits and equipment

How and with the use of what equipment can you provide water supply in a private house with your own hands? The implementation quite predictably depends on the water source.

Centralized water supply

The tie-in to the main water supply is carried out in the water meter well. As a rule, each cottage has its own well; its construction is carried out at the expense of the owner of the house.

Immediately after the tie-in, a water meter is mounted, including:

Image	Description
	Stop valve. As a rule, this ball valve: screw valves are much less reliable and require periodic maintenance (stuffing and replacement of gaskets), and plug valves do not provide a complete absence of leaks in the closed state.
	mechanical filter.
	Water meter. His passport must indicate that the device is capable of operating in conditions of flooding of the water meter.
	Optional - a second tap or check valve. They will allow you to dismantle the meter for repair or verification without draining the water from the internal water supply.

The water supply to the house is laid below the freezing level of the soil. It is better to mount it with a polymer pipe without reinforcement (polyethylene or polypropylene): these materials, due to their elasticity, endure soil movements without destruction and even defrosting followed by thawing.

Country water supply

How to conduct water supply in a private house if water is supplied according to the schedule?

In order to ensure its round-the-clock supply, we need a storage tank. As a rule, food-grade polyethylene tanks are used to store water. The volume of the tank is equal to the product of the average daily consumption by the maximum interval between switching on the country water supply.

For automatic filling storage capacity when water is supplied, the inlet float valve responds.

Water supply from the tank can be organized in two fundamentally different ways:

1. By gravity;
2. With a pumping station.

In the first case, the tank is installed in the attic of the house or under its ceiling. top floor. The water supply is connected to its lower tie-in through a tap that allows you to drain the water supply system without draining the water from the tank.

Such a scheme is simple, non-volatile, trouble-free, but has several rather unpleasant shortcomings:

• In winter, a tank installed in a cold attic will require insulation and cable heating;
• A water pressure of 3-4 meters will not seem comfortable to everyone;
• in the house with wooden floors the water supply will be limited by their bearing capacity.

All these problems are successfully solved by purchasing a pumping station. This is the name of the installation for the water supply of a private house, consisting of centrifugal pump, hydraulic accumulator and automatic pressure switch.

The pump creates pressure, the relay controls its operation depending on the current pressure in the water supply, and the membrane tank acts as a receiver, stabilizing the pressure and increasing the life of the pump by reducing the number of starts.

Here is an estimate for the water supply of a private house:

What you should pay attention to when installing such a circuit:

• The float valve is connected directly to the water inlet to the house or to country water supply, to other points of water intake;
• After the tie-in to connect the filling valve, a check valve or ball valve is installed at the inlet. The check valve will automatically switch from the water supply to the container and vice versa, but a closed tap will force the water into storage tank be continuously updated even with stable inlet pressure;

• Another check valve should be between the pumping station and the tank. Without it, the water under pressure in the accumulator will return to the tank immediately after the pump is turned off;

• The section of pipeline between the tank and the pumping station must have the same internal diameter as the suction pipe of the pump. An underestimation of the pipe section will lead to a drop in the productivity of the station.

Captain Obviousness suggests: water supply with imported water from the tank is also implemented in one of the ways described above - by gravity or using a pumping station.

Well

Now let's look at the procedure for water supply in a private house from a well or a shallow (up to 20-25 meters) well.

The equipment responsible for lifting water and creating pressure is already familiar to us - this is a pumping station. Here it is worth making a small digression.

Most pumping stations have a suction depth of 8 meters. The limitation is not related to the parameters of the pumps, but to the magnitude of atmospheric pressure: it is this that ensures the rise of water in the suction pipe when a vacuum is created in it.

Reference: excess pressure in the atmosphere (that is, with absolute vacuum in the suction pipe) can raise water to a height of 10 meters.

However, this limitation is successfully circumvented by manufacturers of pumping stations with an external ejector. They use the Bernoulli effect to lift water from a depth of up to 25 meters (falling hydrostatic pressure in a jet of liquid or gas as the flow velocity increases).

water with overpressure is pumped to the ejector and, when overflowing into the suction pipe, carries water from the well or well.

Important: the suction pipe of the pumping station is supplied with check valve and sand filter. Without a check valve, water from the accumulator will drain back immediately after the pump is turned off.

Well

With a significant depth of the well, water is used to lift water. submersible pump.

The head created by the pump is calculated as the sum of several values:

• Distances from the ground surface to the water surface;
• Heights above the ground of the upper point of the draw-off;
• Excess pressure (10-15 meters);
• A margin of 10-20 meters (depending on the distance between the house and the well), compensating for hydraulic losses at the input.

In addition to the pump, the following are responsible for the water supply of a private household:

• Check valve at the pump outlet;

• Membrane tank-receiver;
• Pressure switch.

In addition: the pump resource can significantly increase the frequency converter for the water supply of a private house. It provides a smooth start of the electric motor and control of its speed depending on the current water flow.

Water purification

As already mentioned, water from wells and shallow wells often does not meet the requirements of the current SanPiN for drinking water and needs to be further purified. The filter for the water supply of a private house can be installed at the inlet or directly at the point of analysis drinking water(usually in the kitchen).

The second scheme significantly increases the resource of replaceable filter cartridges: water for household needs does not need to be cleaned.

Hot water supply

Responsible for heating water:

device	Description and Key Features
	A heating element is used to heat water in a heat-insulated tank. The boiler provides an exceptionally stable water temperature, but leads in terms of the cost of a kilowatt-hour of thermal energy (3-6 rubles, depending on local tariffs). Part of the energy is spent to compensate for heat leakage through the tank walls.
	A tank with a heat exchanger is connected to heating system and uses a coolant to heat water. In summer, the coolant circulates along a small circuit - from the boiler to the boiler. The device works with any type of boilers.
	It is characterized by a significant load on the wiring (the power of the devices varies from 3.5 to 24 kW), compactness and relative efficiency compared to a boiler: the flow does not need to maintain the water temperature in the tank set by the owner. Adjusting the outlet water temperature for younger models of water heaters leaves much to be desired: it is adjusted by stepwise power changes and pressure settings using a tap.
	Water heating gas equipment the most economical (up to 70 kopecks per kilowatt-hour of heat). The disadvantages include the low accuracy of temperature control in non-volatile boilers and columns with mechanical thermostats.

materials

What materials are used for water distribution in the cottage?

Let's remember what parameters the autonomous water supply system works with.

• The pressure does not exceed 4.5 kgf/cm2. If necessary (for example, when connecting a cottage to a main water supply in a multi-storey building), it is limited by a pressure reducer;

• The hot water temperature is set by the owner and does not exceed 75 degrees;
• Water hammer in a small closed circuit excluded.

If so, the water supply system does not need a significant margin of safety. During its installation, you can use inexpensive polymer and composite materials, with a solid service life at a minimum cost:

• Polypropylene pipes with butt weld fittings;

• Metal-plastic pipes with compression and press fittings;
• Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) on compression fittings and fittings using the effect of molecular memory;
• Heat-resistant polyethylene PERT with socket welded fittings.

Useful: the last two materials are usually used for hidden water collector wiring.

Conclusion

We hope that we were able to answer the questions accumulated by the esteemed reader. The video in this article will allow you to learn more about how water supply and sanitation of a private house can be implemented. Good luck!

Design the water supply of a private house and mount it yourself effective system difficult but real. The article provides recommendations for arranging a water source, connecting pumps and laying a pipeline. Also here you can find helpful tips on the selection of materials and equipment for solving these problems.

Centralized and autonomous systems

The water supply system of a private house can be either centralized or autonomous. Both options have their own characteristics.

At centralized system:

1. Connecting to a source. Water comes from a water main, fed either from a pumping station or from a water tower.

1. System pressure. The pressure in the pipelines is provided automatically, i.e. we do not need to install additional pumping equipment.
2. Dependence on extraneous circumstances. The system is completely dependent on external factors: in the event of a breakdown or shutdown of the central pumps or a break in the mains, the house will be left without water. Perhaps for a long time.

1. Water treatment. When water enters the central water supply system, it undergoes purification - removal of mechanical particles, impurities, demineralization, disinfection.

The quality of this purification can be very different, therefore, in most cases, additional purification is required.

For an autonomous system:

1. Connecting to a source. A well or well acts as a source (depending on the location of the aquifer).
2. Pressure in the system and dependence on external factors. Transportation of water in the system is provided pumping equipment which we need to install and maintain by ourselves. This makes the water supply dependent on the presence of mains voltage, so it is desirable to have a redundant power supply system powered by a generator.

1. Water treatment. It is necessary to take care of cleaning yourself: sometimes the initial quality of the water does not allow it to be used for drinking and cooking.

There are also financial differences.. When using a centralized system, we will only have to purchase pipes and valves, but we will have to pay monthly for water supply services. You do not need to pay for using an autonomous system, but you will have to buy quite expensive pumping equipment and spend money on arranging a well / well. As a result, the autonomous system will pay off in at least a few years.

What water system for a private house will be optimal?

• if possible, it is easier to connect to a centralized water supply system. Even with a monthly payment, the costs will be much lower;
• if it's not possible, you'll have to autonomous system. Labor, time and financial costs will be higher by an order of magnitude. But, having worked once, we can provide the house with water for several decades.

Water sources

How to dig a well

So, let's say we need to equip the water source ourselves. by the most simple solution will dig a well. This decision is justified if the aquifer within the site is at a level of 4 - 15 meters and has sufficient power.

Well benefits:

• relatively small labor costs;
• the possibility of manual lifting of water during a power outage;
• low cost of pumping equipment;
• service life - 50 years or more.

Well Disadvantages:

• can enter the well ground water with particles of soil and silt. This leads to a decrease in water quality;
• to avoid silting, the well must be cleaned regularly;
• The water level depends on the season, so shallow springs can dry up in hot weather.

Instructions for digging and arranging a well will be as follows:

	Digging a pit. In the selected place, we apply markings under the well itself and under the platform along its perimeter. Then we dig a pit with a depth of about 2 - 2.5 m.
	Installation of a log house or rings. In the dug pit we lower either the first crowns of a wooden frame, or the first ring, which will strengthen the walls of the well. Gradually deepen the bottom of the pit under the base of the log house or concrete ring dropping them down. As the products are lowered, we build up the structure from above, adding new crowns or installing the following rings. After the design depth is reached, we seal the joints between the rings.
	Arrangement of the aquifer. When we reach a layer containing a large amount of water, we will need to go deeper by about 1 - 1.5 m. To sample wet soil, we use a box of tightly fitted boards, which we install at the bottom of the pit. We select the soil from the box and lift it up with buckets.
	Filter arrangement. At the bottom of the pit, we fill in layers with washed coarse sand, gravel and crushed stone or pebbles. These materials will provide water drainage and trapping of clay and silt particles. On top of the drainage layer we lay a shield of aspen boards knocked down with small gaps. The presence of such a shield also contributes to the improvement of water quality.
	Surface work. Along the perimeter of the well, we dig a pit with a diameter of about 2 m and a depth of up to 60 cm. We lay a layer of clay on the bottom of the pit, which we carefully tamp - this “ clay castle» will protect the well from reverse filtration of spilled water. On top of the clay castle we arrange a roll-up from a slab or a concrete screed. On top of the screed, you can lay paving slabs or asphalt the site.

The upper part of the well is designed in different ways:

• you can install a decorative house with a roof, fixing a gate in it for manually raising water;
• you can equip a hidden caisson (pit) or a surface house for a pumping station.

Variant with decorative house suitable not only for the gate, but also for the installation of a submersible pump. But it is desirable to place the surface pump in a separate building (underground caisson, ground booth). You can also install a pumping station in the house - then it will be enough to lay a pipe or hose to the head of the well.

How to drill a well

Water supply to the house from a well is also possible.

Well advantages:

• stable volume of water with relatively small seasonal fluctuations;
• high water quality;
• no need for regular maintenance.

Well Disadvantages:

• expensive and complex drilling, almost always with the use of professional equipment;
• shorter than that of a well, the service life (for wells "on sand");
• the need to use expensive well pumps.

Water supply in a private house is usually carried out on the basis of two types of wells:

1. Well "on the sand". Depth from 15 to 40-50 m, service life - from 8 to 20 years. Such a well can be drilled manually by finding the aquifer empirically. For lifting and supplying water, the installation of pumping equipment is required. Water may contain sand and clay particles, therefore it requires additional purification.
2. Artesian well. The depth can reach 150 m, the service life is up to 50 years with proper arrangement and operation. The rise of water is carried out due to its own pressure, pumps are used mainly for transportation. It is drilled exclusively by machine with mandatory registration and registration of the well passport.

As a rule, drilling a well until the desired water level is reached is done by professionals. However, if the water carrier is not deep, then you can do the work yourself:

	Preliminary work. In the selected place, we dig a pit for installing a caisson or mounting a well head. We install a tripod on which the guide rods will rest.
	Screw drilling. Using an auger drill, we deepen the well, raking the excavated soil from the neck. Periodically remove the tool, cleaning its blades from adhering material. With manual drilling, work can be facilitated by extending the handles of the drill with “shoulders” made of steel pipes 1.5 - 2 m long.
	Casing installation. As we deepen, we install a well with plastic or metal casing pipes (the diameter should allow free movement of the drill). We connect the parts of the casing string with each other either by threading or by welding.
	Completion of work. Drilling continues until complete passage aquifer. After reaching the design depth, expand lower part wells and flush it with a submersible pump to remove sand, clay particles and silt. In the lower part we equip a gravel filter or install a special filter pipe with mesh walls.

A properly drilled and equipped well can provide an uninterrupted supply of water for your home's water supply system.

Connecting pumping equipment

Installing a well pump

To deliver water from a well or well to points of consumption, it is necessary to install pumping equipment. We begin the description of the process with the installation of well pumps.

For a well, you can use the following types of pumps:

1. Deep pump (submersible). The pump part is located in the water in a suspended state (on a cable or nylon cord). The pump is connected to the surface with a water supply hose and a power cable.

1. Surface pump or pumping station. The pumping equipment itself is located on the surface (in the pit-caisson or in the house). A hose with a filter is lowered to the depth of the aquifer, above which a check valve is usually mounted. The presence of a check valve prevents the movement of water by gravity back into the well and facilitates pumping when the pump is turned off.

As a rule, submersible well pumps are used mainly for household needs. Water supply systems for private households are almost always built on the basis of a pumping station.

The main elements of the unit:

• centrifugal pump with automatic on/off system;
• hydraulic accumulator - a tank divided into several sections by a membrane. The presence of a tank allows you to maintain a constant pressure in the system due to the gradual filling with water;

Other advantages of the tank include water hammer compensation and energy savings due to less frequent switching on. pumping automation. The larger the volume of the accumulator, the lower will be the wear of the equipment.

• pressure switch that controls the inclusion of automation;
• measuring instruments.

The system is assembled like this:

1. The pumping station is being installed. A concrete or brick podium is used as a base. We put a rubber mat under the device to compensate for vibrations.
2. A water supply hose from a well is connected to the pump. At the connection point, you can install a simple mesh filter for pre-cleaning.

1. The outlet pipe is connected. In the future, on its basis, we will do wiring around the house.
2. Automation is being set up. To do this, about 2 liters of water are poured into the pump through the technological hole and the unit is turned on. The system is regulated in such a way that automatic shutdown occurs at a pressure of about 2.5 -3 bar, and start-up - 1.5 - 1.8 bar.

Installing the pump in the well

If the water source is a well, then a submersible well pump acts as the main equipment. Such devices are characterized by a combination high power with a relatively small diameter, therefore they are quite expensive.

The pump is connected to a hose and a power cable, after which it is lowered into the well on a cable:

	Depth determination. The level of the water table is determined according to the passport, if possible, controlling it with the help of a weight on the cord. We calculate the submersion level of the pump in such a way that the suction part is at least 1 m below the minimum dynamic level and at a distance of 1 to 3 m from the bottom. In artesian wells, the optimal level is considered to be 2/3 of the depth of the aquifer - approximately at the level of the lower edge of the casing.
	Preparation for installation. In accordance with the length obtained, we measure the hose and cable, which we connect with each other with plastic clamps every 3-4 meters. We attach the cable with the hose to the pump.
	Hanging system installation. We fix a steel cable or a nylon cord (at least a fivefold margin of safety is needed) on the pump housing. We lower the equipment into the well. With a small installation depth, we fasten a cable or cord on a suspension from a rubber band folded several times. This damper will dampen vibrations.
	Header installation. We fix the head on top of the casing pipe. We tie a cable or suspension cord to the eyebolt at the bottom of the head cover. The hose and power cable are brought out through the central hole of the head, after which we tighten the bolts, sealing the structure.

Plumbing

How to do piping

Water supply at home can be based on any source, but the efficiency of the system depends on how correctly we lay the pipes. For a country house, products made of metal-plastic, polypropylene or polyethylene are usually used, which are connected either using fittings or by welding.

The general algorithm for laying pipes includes the following operations:

1. Supply pipe installation. From the house to the pit, we dig a trench with the head of a well or a caisson with pumping equipment. The depth of the trench should be from 1.5 to 2 m, which will prevent freezing water pipe in winter.

Additional measures to protect against freezing are the thermal insulation of the pipe using polystyrene or polyurethane casings, as well as the laying of active heating cables.

1. Registration of entrance to the room. We make a hole in the foundation or plinth, into which we insert a metal sleeve with a diameter greater than the diameter of the pipe. Through the sleeve, which will provide protection against deformation during subsidence of the building, we lead the pipe into the room. Carefully hole.

1. Preparing for plumbing installation. On the walls we apply markings for laying pipes. At open mounting we fix on the bearing surfaces the brackets on which the pipes will be fixed. If hidden installation is planned, we make grooves in the walls using a wall chaser or a puncher with a chisel attachment. We also install brackets for pipes in the strobes.

1. Plumbing connection. At the entrance to the house, we install a ball valve, to which we attach a collector. We connect the pipes of the water supply system to the collector with our own hands, which we divide into several circuits. This installation scheme allows you to optimize the pressure: when one tap is opened, the pressure in other areas will not drop.

1. System assembly. We connect metal-plastic pipes to each other using press fittings. We install polyethylene and polypropylene products welded using a special soldering iron to connect. We fix the pipes on the brackets (open or in strobes). We connect stop valves, plumbing fixtures, faucets and other points of consumption.

Before closing the strobe and performing finishing works it is desirable to test the system. During the test run, we check the quality of the pipe connection, the operation of the control automation and the operation of the pump that pumps water from the well or well.

How to provide hot water

To ensure the proper level of comfort, it is worth considering the arrangement of a hot water supply system.

In order to be able to wash, wash dishes and take a shower with hot water, we can use a variety of devices:

1. Hot water boilers- gas or solid fuel. They can be either single-circuit (only for heating water) or double-circuit (hot water supply + heating). To use the system, a separate pipe is diverted from the collector with cold water, is connected to the boiler and a separate hot wiring is already carried out from the boiler.

1. Storage water heaters. Such a heater is a container from 50 to 100+ liters, inside of which a heating element is located. Water enters the tank, heats up to the desired temperature, after which the heating element is turned on only to maintain the desired degree of heating. As you use the tank is replenished.

1. Flowing water heaters. They are used either in the smallest country houses without a shower cabin, or in large cottages in separate sections of the piping. Flow heater mounted on a pipe with cold water directly before the point of consumption. Heating occurs when the liquid passes through the body of the device with an electric or induction element.

As a rule, a water heating boiler is installed in a house that is used throughout the year. Cumulative and flow devices suitable for summer houses, as well as for buildings in which hot water supply was installed after the heating system was installed.

Conclusion

The water supply of a private house can be implemented according to one of the schemes given above. To do this, you should study the described algorithms and instructions, as well as watch the video in this article. You can get answers to any questions regarding the installation of water supply in the comments.

Many city dwellers dream of their own private home. And if not about a permanent home, then at least a temporary one - in the form of a summer residence, where you can come from time to time and take a break from the bustle of the city. However, such a life, though beautiful, but without the usual comfortable conditions life in a private house will not seem very attractive, especially for those who used them every day.

A feature of private houses is that most of them do not have running water. As a result, people have to dodge, dig wells and. But the presence of these sources of water does not make it possible to easily take a shower, wash dishes from a tap, wash clothes in an automatic washing machine etc. To fulfill only some of these conditions, you will have to squirm while carrying water.

In order for all these benefits of civilization to become available, it is necessary to provide autonomous water supply.

Private house water supply scheme

The water supply system should make it possible to ensure the extraction of water, purification of the required level and supply to the consumer, that is, to the tap under the appropriate pressure. In addition, water is needed for the heating system and domestic use, and in the end it needs to be put somewhere.

The general scheme of the water supply system of a private house looks like this:

1. The source of water, which can be from a well, the nearest body of water, a well, and so on.
2. A pump designed to raise water to the surface, as well as supply it to the house.
3. A pipeline that carries water.
4. A distribution manifold that will distribute water based on water demand.
5. It is also possible to install a hydraulic accumulator, which will be needed to provide the necessary pressure in the system. With it, you can control the operation of the pump.
6. A water heater to provide hot water to the house.
7. Additional equipment depending on the specific system.

How to organize autonomous water supply with your own hands

The organization of autonomous water supply in a private house must begin with a water source. Most often, there are several options for solving the problem:

1. artesian well;
2. well "on the sand";
3. well.

Most simple design, but there is not much water in it, and the purity is not always high.

The well "on the sand" provides water from the aquifer, which lies at a depth of 10-30 meters. From there, mining is carried out using a submersible pump. Water comes from a well of fairly good quality, but the source must be monitored so that there is no silting. Also in this case, it is desirable to provide additional filtering.

The most time-consuming and expensive source of water will be an artesian well, which will provide excellent clean water. In this case, several houses can be provided with water at once. Neighbors can cooperate. However, the source will need to be registered in government bodies, because they belong to the strategic reserves of the country.

Project development

The water supply device should begin with the development of the project. This will allow you to preliminarily take into account all the details and trifles: where you need to supply water, pressure power, the number of taps, pipes, equipment, and so on.

Choosing a water supply system

well drilling

Drilling is carried out using a special drill on a drilling rig, which performs a uniform intake of soil to the aquifer. If the water will be used for permanent water supply, then it is advisable to invite specialists.

Important! It is necessary to take into account - the proximity to the house, the availability of access roads and the absence of buildings on the site.

1. When drilling upper layers the walls of the well are strengthened with a special cement mixture.
2. Further, the drilling technology is selected based on the type of soil, that is, the drilling or impact method of passage can be used.
3. Upon reaching the aquifer, the well is deepened by about 8-10 meters.
4. To avoid collapse of the walls of the well, they are strengthened by mounting special pipe, which has slotted filters and external grouting.
5. To prevent the outlet pipe from freezing in winter, it should be insulated. Therefore, a special heated room is created from above or an underground caisson is made, where the plumbing will be connected.

Water supply from a well

The well is one of, because it combines practical and aesthetic components.

Choosing a location for the well. It is necessary that it be at least 30 meters from all kinds of sources of pollution, that is, a toilet or a cesspool.

Wall material. It is allowed to use traditional wood or reinforced concrete rings. The latter are becoming increasingly popular today, because their installation is much faster and easier. However, their installation requires the use of special equipment for lowering the rings into a dug well.

Season. It is preferable to dig a well during a dry period. This will ensure that the minimum water level is determined.

Well digging:

1. Digging a clay castle to protect against possible ingress of overhead waters.
2. Digging a mine. Traditionally, wells are dug by hand by a team. Of course, you can use special equipment, but it can break the layer of soil around the well.
3. As you deepen, to avoid collapse, the walls should be strengthened. This is especially important if there are loose layers.
4. After reaching the aquifer, they begin to pump out water and deepen an additional 1.5-2 m.
5. Installation of reinforced concrete rings is carried out from the lower layers.
6. Finally, the joints are sealed.

Also, in order to ensure the organization of a permanent water supply, a special room is built above the well.

Pumps for pumping water

In order for water to enter the house, a pump is needed that will raise water from a well or well. Pumps can be:

1. superficial- they are designed to pump water from a depth of not more than 9 meters;
2. submersible- they are able to pump water from a considerable depth - 10-150 meters.

Installation of submersible pumps is carried out directly in the well or well. They are much more reliable and durable than surface ones, which makes them good option for permanent water supply.

Water supply based on a submersible pump

Such a system includes a pump with a check valve, a filtration unit, a hydraulic accumulator, an automation unit that regulates and stop valves, as well as the distributing pipeline.

When choosing a submersible pump, it is necessary that it be of high quality and have an impeller, which is made of of stainless steel. This will ensure its long and reliable operation.

To ensure the autonomous operation of the water supply system, it is necessary to use, consisting of a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and an automation unit.

It looks like a tank that accumulates water, it will provide water even if some trouble happens and the pump fails. A certain pressure is created in it, and water under pressure can be supplied to the house for several hours.

Pumping automatic stations it is advisable to choose with a cast-iron body or stainless steel - they are more reliable. Of course, there are products with a plastic case, which are lighter in weight, cost less and are not subject to corrosion. But there is a danger that plastic case may warp or crack. steels have the highest wear resistance.

The autonomous water supply system will include:

1. water-lifting equipment in the form of a pump;
2. pipeline with the necessary combs, couplings and taps;
3. special equipment that ensures the creation of a certain pressure - it can be a hydraulic accumulator and so on;
4. equipment that will purify water from suspended particles and impurities;
5. equipment designed to manage water supply and provide automatic protection against emergency situations.