Schemes, etc. with an elevator. Individual heating point

Homeowners know how much utility bills are the costs of providing heat. Heating, hot water - something on which a comfortable existence depends, especially in the cold season. However, not everyone knows that these costs can be significantly reduced, for which it is necessary to switch to the use of individual heating points (ITPs).

Disadvantages of central heating

Traditional scheme district heating it works like this: from the central boiler house, the coolant enters the centralized heating unit through the mains, where it is distributed through intra-quarter pipelines to consumers (buildings and houses). The temperature and pressure of the coolant is controlled centrally, in the central boiler room, with uniform values ​​for all buildings.

In this case, heat losses are possible on the route, when the same amount of coolant is transferred to buildings located at different distances from the boiler house. In addition, the architecture of the microdistrict is usually buildings of various heights and designs. Therefore, the same parameters of the coolant at the outlet of the boiler room do not mean the same input parameters of the coolant in each building.

The use of ITP became possible due to changes in the heat supply regulation scheme. ITP principle is based on the fact that heat regulation is carried out directly at the inlet of the coolant into the building, exclusively and individually for it. To do this, heating equipment is located in an automated individual heat point - in the basement of the building, on the ground floor or in a separate building.

The principle of operation of the ITP

An individual heating point is a set of equipment with which the accounting and distribution of thermal energy and heat carrier in the heating system of a particular consumer (building) is carried out. ITP is connected to the distribution mains of the city's heat and water supply network.

The work of ITP is built on the principle of autonomy: depending on outdoor temperature the equipment changes the temperature of the coolant in accordance with the calculated values ​​​​and supplies it to the heating system of the house. The consumer is no longer dependent on the length of highways and intra-quarter pipelines. But heat retention is completely dependent on the consumer and depends on the technical condition of the building and methods for saving heat.

Individual heat points have the following advantages:

• regardless of the length of the heating mains, it is possible to provide the same heating parameters for all consumers,
• the ability to provide an individual mode of operation (for example, for medical institutions),
• there is no problem of heat loss on the heating main, instead, heat loss depends on the provision of insulation of the house by the homeowner.

ITP includes hot and cold water supply systems, as well as heating and ventilation systems. Structurally, ITP is a complex of devices: collectors, pipelines, pumps, various heat exchangers, regulators and sensors. This is a complex system, requiring adjustment, mandatory preventive maintenance and maintenance, while technical condition ITP directly affects the heat consumption. ITP controls such coolant parameters as pressure, temperature and flow. These parameters can be controlled by the dispatcher, in addition, the data is transmitted to the heating network dispatching service for recording and monitoring.

In addition to directly distributing heat, ITP helps to take into account and optimize consumption costs. Comfortable conditions with economical use of energy resources - this is the main advantage of using ITP.

BTP - Block heating point - 1var. is a compact thermomechanical installation of complete factory readiness, located (placed) in a block container, which is an all-metal load-bearing frame with sandwich panels.

ITP in a block container is used to connect heating, ventilation, hot water supply systems and technological heat-using installations of the whole building or part of it.

BTP - Block heating point - 2 var. It is manufactured in the factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. It may consist of one or more blocks. The equipment of the blocks is mounted very compactly, as a rule, on one frame. Usually used when you need to save space, in cramped conditions. By the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can refer to both ITP and CHP. Supply of ITP equipment according to the specification - heat exchangers, pumps, automation, shut-off and control valves, pipelines, etc. - Supplied in separate items.

BTP is a product of full factory readiness, which makes it possible to connect objects under reconstruction or newly built to heating networks in the most short time. The compactness of the BTP helps to minimize the equipment placement area. An individual approach to the design and installation of block individual heat points allows us to take into account all the wishes of the client and translate them into a finished product. warranty for the BTP and all equipment from one manufacturer, one service partner for the entire BTP. ease of installation of the BTP at the installation site. Production and testing of BTP in the factory - quality. It is also worth noting that in case of mass, quarterly construction or volumetric reconstruction of heating points, the use of BTP is preferable compared to ITP. Since in this case it is necessary to mount a significant number of heating points in a short period of time. Such large-scale projects can be implemented in the shortest possible time using only standard factory-ready BTPs.

ITP (assembly) - the possibility of installation heating point in cramped conditions, there is no need to transport the complete heating unit. Carriage only individual components. The equipment delivery time is much shorter than BTP. Cost is lower. - BTP - the need to transport the BTP to the installation site (transportation costs), the size of the openings for carrying the BTP impose restrictions on dimensions BTP. Delivery time from 4 weeks. Price.

ITP - a guarantee for various components of a heating point from different manufacturers; several different service partners for various equipment included in the heating substation; higher cost installation work, terms installation work, T. e. when installing the ITP are taken into account individual characteristics specific premises and "creative" solutions of a specific contractor, which, on the one hand, simplifies the organization of the process, and on the other hand, can reduce the quality. After all, a weld, a bend in a pipeline, etc., is much more difficult to perform qualitatively in a “place” than in a factory setting.

An individual heating point is designed to save heat, regulate supply parameters. This is a complex located in a separate room. Can be used in private or apartment building. ITP (individual heating point), what it is, how it is arranged and functions, we will consider in more detail.

ITP: tasks, functions, purpose

By definition, ITP is a heat point that heats buildings in whole or in part. The complex receives energy from the network (central heating substation, central heating unit or boiler house) and distributes it to consumers:

• GVS (hot water supply);
• heating;
• ventilation.

At the same time, there is the possibility of regulation, since the heating mode in the living room, basement, warehouse is different. The ITP has the following main tasks.

• Accounting for heat consumption.
• Protection from accidents, monitoring of parameters for safety.
• Shutdown of the consumption system.
• Uniform distribution of heat.
• Adjustment of characteristics, management of temperature and other parameters.
• Coolant conversion.

Buildings are retrofitted to install ITPs, which is costly but rewarding. The item is located in a separate technical or basement, an extension to the house or a separately located nearby structure.

Benefits of having an ITP

Significant costs for the establishment of an ITP are allowed due to the advantages that follow from the presence of an item in the building.

• Profitability (in terms of consumption - by 30%).
• Reducing operating costs by up to 60%.
• Heat consumption is monitored and accounted for.
• Mode optimization reduces losses by up to 15%. It takes into account the time of day, weekends, weather.
• Heat is distributed according to consumption conditions.
• Consumption can be adjusted.
• The type of coolant is subject to change if necessary.
• Low accident rate, high operational safety.
• Full process automation.
• Noiselessness.
• Compactness, dependence of dimensions on loading. Item can be placed in the basement.
• Maintenance of heating points does not require numerous personnel.
• Provides comfort.
• The equipment is completed under the order.

Controlled heat consumption, the ability to influence performance attracts in terms of savings, rational resource consumption. Therefore, it is considered that the costs are recouped within an acceptable period.

Types of TP

The difference between TP is in the number and types of consumption systems. Features of the type of consumer predetermine the scheme and characteristics of the required equipment. The method of installation and arrangement of the complex in the room differs. Allocate the following types.

• ITP for a single building or part of it, located in the basement, technical room or adjacent building.
• TsTP - the central TP serves a group of buildings or objects. It is located in one of the basements or a separate building.
• BTP - block heat point. Includes one or more blocks manufactured and delivered in production. Features compact installation, used to save space. Can perform the function of ITP or TsTP.

Principle of operation

The design scheme depends on the energy source and the specifics of consumption. The most popular is independent, for a closed DHW system. Principle ITP work next.

1. The heat carrier comes to the point through the pipeline, giving the temperature to the heaters for heating, hot water and ventilation.
2. The heat carrier goes to the return pipeline to the heat generating enterprise. Reused, but some may be used up by the consumer.
3. Heat losses are compensated by make-up available in CHP and boiler houses (water treatment).
4. AT thermal plant arrives tap water passing through the cold water pump. Part of it goes to the consumer, the rest is heated by the 1st stage heater, going to the DHW circuit.
5. The DHW pump moves water in a circle, passing through the TP, the consumer, returns with a partial flow.
6. The 2nd stage heater operates regularly when the fluid loses heat.

The coolant (in this case, water) moves along the circuit, which is facilitated by 2 circulation pumps. Its leakages are possible, which are replenished by make-up from the primary heating network.

circuit diagram

This or that ITP scheme has features that depend on the consumer. A central heat supplier is important. The most common option is a closed DHW system with independent accession heating. A heat carrier enters the TP through the pipeline, is realized when heating water for the systems and returns. For return, there is a return pipeline going to the main on central point— heat generation enterprise.

Heating and hot water supply are arranged in the form of circuits along which a heat carrier moves with the help of pumps. The first one is usually designed as a closed cycle with possible leaks replenished from the primary network. And the second circuit is circular, equipped with pumps for hot water supply, which supplies water to the consumer for consumption. In case of heat loss, heating is carried out by the second heating stage.

ITP for different consumption purposes

Being equipped for heating, the IHS has an independent circuit in which a plate heat exchanger is installed with 100% load. Pressure loss is prevented by installing a double pump. Make-up is carried out from the return pipeline in thermal networks. Additionally, the TP is completed with metering devices, a hot water supply unit in the presence of other necessary units.


The ITP designed for DHW is an independent circuit. In addition, it is parallel and single-stage, equipped with two plate heat exchangers loaded at 50%. There are pumps that compensate for the decrease in pressure, metering devices. Other nodes are expected. Such heat points operate according to dependent schema.

It is interesting! The principle of heating for heating system can be based on a plate heat exchanger with 100% load. And the DHW has a two-stage scheme with two similar devices loaded by 1/2 each. Pumps for various purposes compensate for the decreasing pressure and feed the system from the pipeline.

For ventilation, a plate heat exchanger with 100% load is used. DHW is provided by two such devices, loaded by 50%. Through the operation of several pumps, the pressure level is compensated and make-up is made. Addition - accounting device.

Installation steps

The TP of a building or object undergoes a step-by-step procedure during installation. The mere desire of the tenants in apartment building not enough.

• Obtaining the consent of the owners of the premises of a residential building.
• Application to heat supply companies for designing in concrete house, development of technical specifications.
• Issuance of specifications.
• Inspection of a residential or other object for the project, determining the availability and condition of equipment.
• Automatic TP will be designed, developed and approved.
• The contract is concluded.
• The ITP project for a residential building or other object is being implemented, tests are being carried out.

Attention! All stages can be completed in a couple of months. The care is assigned to the responsible specialized organization. To be successful, a company must be well established.

Operational safety

The automatic heat point is serviced by properly qualified employees. The staff is familiar with the rules. There are also prohibitions: automation does not start if there is no water in the system, pumps do not turn on if the input is blocked shut-off valves.
Need to control:

• pressure parameters;
• noises;
• vibration level;
• engine heating.

The control valve must not be subjected to excessive force. If the system is under pressure, the regulators are not disassembled. Pipelines are flushed before start-up.

Approval for operation

The operation of AITP complexes (automated ITP) requires a permit, for which documentation is provided to Energonadzor. These are the technical conditions for connection and a certificate of their execution. Need:

• agreed project documentation;
• act of responsibility for operation, balance of ownership from the parties;
• act of readiness;
• heat points must have a passport with heat supply parameters;
• readiness of the heat energy metering device - document;
• certificate of the existence of an agreement with the energy company to ensure heat supply;
• act of acceptance of work from the company producing the installation;
• Order appointing a person responsible for the maintenance, serviceability, repair and safety of the ATP (automated heating point);
• a list of persons responsible for the maintenance of AITP units and their repair;
• a copy of the document on the qualification of the welder, certificates for electrodes and pipes;
• acts on other actions, the executive scheme of the automated heating unit, including pipelines, fittings;
• an act on pressure testing, flushing of heating, hot water supply, which includes an automated point;
• briefing.

An admission certificate is drawn up, magazines are started: operational, on briefing, issuing orders, detecting defects.

ITP of an apartment building

An automated individual heating point in a multi-storey residential building transports heat from the central heating station, boiler houses or CHP (combined heat and power plant) to heating, hot water supply and ventilation. Such innovations (automatic heat point) save up to 40% or more of heat energy.

Attention! The system uses the source − heating network to which it connects. The need for coordination with these organizations.

A lot of data is required to calculate the modes, load and savings results for payment in housing and communal services. Without this information, the project will not be completed. Without approval, ITP will not issue a permit for operation. Residents receive the following benefits.

• Greater accuracy in the operation of devices to maintain temperature.
• Heating is carried out with a calculation that includes the state of the outside air.
• Amounts for services on utility bills are reduced.
• Automation simplifies facility maintenance.
• Reduced repair costs and staffing levels.
• Finances are saved for the consumption of thermal energy from a centralized supplier (boiler houses, thermal power plants, central heating stations).

Conclusion: how the savings work

The heating point of the heating system is equipped with a metering unit during commissioning, which is a guarantee of savings. Heat consumption readings are taken from the instruments. Accounting itself does not reduce costs. The source of savings is the possibility of changing modes and the absence of overestimation of indicators by energy supply companies, their exact determination. It will be impossible to write off additional costs, leaks, expenses on such a consumer. Payback occurs within 5 months, as an average value with savings of up to 30%.

Automated supply of coolant from a centralized supplier - heating mains. Mounting modern node heating and ventilation allows you to take into account seasonal and daily temperature changes during operation. Correction mode - automatic. Heat consumption is reduced by 30% with a payback of 2 to 5 years.

Thermal substation (TP)- a complex of devices located in a separate room, consisting of elements of thermal power plants that ensure the connection of these plants to the heating network, their operability, control of heat consumption modes, transformation, regulation of coolant parameters and distribution of coolant by type of consumption.

Purpose of heat points:

• conversion of the type of coolant or its parameters;
• control of coolant parameters;
• accounting for thermal loads, coolant and condensate flow rates;
• regulation of the coolant flow and distribution to heat consumption systems (through distribution networks in the central heating station or directly to the ITP systems);
• protection of local systems from emergency increase in coolant parameters;
• filling and make-up of heat consumption systems;
• collection, cooling, return of condensate and control of its quality;
• heat storage;
• water treatment for hot water systems.

In a thermal point, depending on its purpose and local conditions, all of the listed activities or only part of them can be carried out. Devices for monitoring the parameters of the coolant and accounting for heat consumption should be provided in all heating points.

The input ITP device is mandatory for each building, regardless of the presence of the central heating point, while the ITP provides only for those measures that are necessary for connecting this building and are not provided for in the central heating point.

In closed and open systems heat supply, the need for a central heating station for residential and public buildings must be substantiated by technical and economic calculations.

Types of heat points

TPs differ in the number and type of heat consumption systems connected to them, the individual characteristics of which determine the thermal scheme and characteristics of the TP equipment, as well as in the type of installation and placement of equipment in the TP room.

There are the following types of heat points:

• . It is used to serve one consumer (building or part of it). As a rule, it is located in the basement or technical room of the building, however, due to the characteristics of the serviced building, it can be placed in a separate building.
• Central heating point (CHP). It is used to serve a group of consumers (buildings, industrial facilities). Most often located in a separate building, but can be placed in the basement or technical room of one of the buildings.
• . It is manufactured in the factory and supplied for installation in the form of ready-made blocks. It may consist of one or more blocks. The equipment of the blocks is mounted very compactly, as a rule, on one frame. Usually used when you need to save space, in cramped conditions. By the nature and number of connected consumers, the BTP can refer to both ITP and CHP.

Central and individual heating points

Central heating point (CTP) makes it possible to concentrate all the most expensive equipment that requires systematic and qualified monitoring in separate buildings that are convenient for maintenance and, thanks to this, significantly simplify subsequent individual heating points (ITP) in buildings. Public buildings located in residential areas - schools, children's institutions should have independent ITP equipped with regulators. Central heating centers should be located on the borders of microdistricts (quarters) between the main, distribution networks and quarterly.

With a water coolant, the equipment of heat points consists of circulation (network) pumps, water-to-water heat exchangers, batteries hot water, booster pumps, devices for regulating and monitoring the parameters of the coolant, devices and devices for protecting against corrosion and scale formation of local hot water supply installations, devices for metering heat consumption, as well as automatic devices to control the heat supply and maintain the specified parameters of the coolant in subscriber units.

Schematic diagram of a heat point

Heating substation scheme depends, on the one hand, on the characteristics of thermal energy consumers served by the heating point, on the other hand, on the characteristics of the source supplying thermal energy to the heat substation. Further, as the most common, TP is considered with a closed hot water supply system and an independent scheme for connecting the heating system.

The coolant entering the TP through the supply pipeline of the heat input gives off its heat in the heaters of the DHW and heating systems, and also enters the consumer ventilation system, after which it returns to the return pipeline of the heat input and is sent back to the heat generating enterprise for reuse through the main networks. Part of the coolant can be consumed by the consumer. To make up for losses in the primary heat networks at boiler houses and CHPPs, there are make-up systems, the sources of heat carrier for which are the water treatment systems of these enterprises.

Tap water entering the TP passes through the cold water pumps, after which part cold water is sent to consumers, and the other part is heated in the DHW first stage heater and enters the DHW circulation circuit. In the circulation circuit, water with the help of circulation pumps hot water supply moves in a circle from the TP to consumers and back, and consumers take water from the circuit as needed. When circulating around the circuit, the water gradually gives off its heat and in order to maintain the water temperature at a given level, it is constantly heated in the heater of the second DHW stage.

The heating system is also closed loop, through which the coolant moves with the help of heating circulation pumps from the transformer substation to the heating system of buildings and vice versa. During operation, leakage of the coolant from the circuit of the heating system may occur. To make up for the losses, the heating substation feed system is used, which uses primary heating networks as a source of heat carrier.

Heat points industrial enterprises

An industrial enterprise should, as a rule, have one central heating point (CHP) for registration, accounting and distribution of the heat carrier received from the heating network. Quantity and placement secondary (workshop) heating points (ITP) is determined by the size and mutual placement of individual workshops of the enterprise. The central heating station of the enterprise should be located in a separate room; at large enterprises, especially when receiving steam in addition to hot water, - in an independent building.

An enterprise can have workshops with a homogeneous nature of internal heat release ( specific gravity in the total load), and with different ones. In the first case temperature regime of all buildings is determined in the central heating point, in the second - different and installed on the ITP. temperature graph for industrial enterprises should differ from the domestic one, according to which urban heating networks usually operate. To adjust the temperature regime in the heating points of enterprises, mixing pumps should be installed, which, with the uniformity of the nature of heat emissions in the shops, can be installed in one central heating station, in the absence of uniformity - in the ITP.

The design of thermal systems of industrial enterprises should be carried out with the obligatory use of secondary energy resources, which are understood as:

• hot gases from furnaces;
• products technological processes(heated ingots, slags, red-hot coke, etc.);
• low-temperature energy resources in the form of exhaust steam, hot water from various cooling devices and industrial heat generation.

For heat supply, energy resources of the third group are usually used, which have temperatures ranging from 40 to 130°C. It is preferable to use them for DHW needs, since this load has a year-round character.

Thermal points: device, work, scheme, equipment

A heat point is a complex of technological equipment used in the process of heat supply, ventilation and hot water supply to consumers (residential and industrial buildings, construction sites, social facilities). The main purpose of heat points is the distribution of heat energy from the heating network between end consumers.

Advantages of installing heat points in the heat supply system of consumers

Among the advantages of thermal points are the following:

• minimization of heat losses
• relatively low operating costs, cost-effectiveness
• the ability to select the mode of heat supply and heat consumption depending on the time of day and season
• silent operation, small dimensions (compared to other equipment of the heat supply system)
• automation and dispatching of the operation process
• Possibility of custom-made

Heat points may have different thermal schemes, types of heat consumption systems and characteristics of the equipment used, which depends on individual requirements Customer. The configuration of the TP is determined on the basis of the technical parameters of the heating network:

• thermal loads on the network
• temperature control of cold and hot water
• pressure of heat and water supply systems
• possible losses pressure
• climatic conditions, etc.

Types of heat points

The type of required heating point depends on its purpose, the number of supply heating systems, the number of consumers, the method of placement and installation, and the functions performed by the point. Depending on the type of heat point, it is selected technology system and equipment.

Heat points are of the following types:

• individual heating points ITP
• central heating points
• block heat points BTP

Open and closed systems of heat points. Dependent and independent schemes for connecting heat points

AT open heating system water for the operation of the heating point comes directly from the heating networks. Water intake can be full or partial. The volume of water taken for the needs of the heating point is replenished by the flow of water into the heating network. It should be noted that water treatment in such systems is carried out only at the entrance to the heating network. Because of this, the quality of water supplied to the consumer leaves much to be desired.

Open systems, in turn, can be dependent and independent.

AT dependent scheme of connection of the heat point to the heating network, the heat carrier from the heating networks enters directly into the heating system. Such a system is quite simple, since it does not require installation additional equipment. Although this feature leads to significant shortcoming, namely, to the impossibility of regulating the supply of heat to the consumer.

Independent schemes for connecting a heat point are characterized by economic benefits (up to 40%), since heat exchangers of heat points are installed in them between the end-user equipment and the heat source, which regulate the amount of heat supplied. Also indisputable advantage is to improve the quality of the water supplied.

Due to energy efficiency, dependent systems many thermal companies are reconstructing and upgrading their equipment from dependent systems to independent ones.

Closed heating system is a completely isolated system and uses the circulating water in the pipeline without taking it from the heating networks. Such a system uses water only as a heat carrier. A leakage of the coolant is possible, but the water is replenished automatically using the make-up regulator.

The amount of heat carrier in a closed system remains constant, and the generation and distribution of heat to the consumer is regulated by the temperature of the heat carrier. The closed system is characterized high quality water treatment and high energy efficiency.

Ways to provide consumers with thermal energy

According to the method of providing consumers with thermal energy, single-stage and multi-stage heat points are distinguished.

Single stage system characterized by direct connection of consumers to heating networks. The place of connection is called subscriber input. For each object of heat consumption, its own technological equipment (heaters, elevators, pumps, fittings, instrumentation and control equipment, etc.) must be provided.

disadvantage single stage system connection is to limit the permissible maximum pressure in heating networks due to the danger high pressure for heating radiators. For this reason, such systems are mainly used for a small amount consumers and for heating networks of short length.

Multistage systems connections are characterized by the presence of heat points between the heat source and the consumer.

Individual heating points

Individual heat points serve one small consumer (house, small structure or building) that is already connected to the system district heating. The task of such an ITP is to provide the consumer hot water and heating (up to 40 kW). There are major individual items, the power of which can reach 2 MW. Traditionally, ITPs are placed in the basement or technical room of the building, less often they are located in separate rooms. Only the coolant is connected to the ITP and tap water is supplied.

ITPs consist of two circuits: the first circuit is a heating circuit for maintaining the set temperature in the heated room using a temperature sensor; the second circuit is a hot water circuit.

Central heating points

The central heating points of the CHP are used to provide heat to a group of buildings and structures. The central heating stations perform the function of providing consumers with hot water, cold water and heat. The degree of automation and dispatching of central heating points (only control over the parameters or control / control of the parameters of the CHP) is determined by the Customer and technological needs. Central heating stations can have both dependent and independent circuits for connecting to the heating network. With a dependent connection scheme, the coolant in the heating point itself is divided into a heating system and a hot water supply system. In an independent connection scheme, the heat carrier is heated in the second circuit of the heating point with incoming water from the heating network.

They are delivered to the installation site in full factory readiness. At the place of subsequent operation, only connection to heating networks and equipment adjustment is carried out.

The equipment of the central heating point (CHP) includes the following elements:

• heaters (heat exchangers) - sectional, multi-pass, block type, plate - depending on the project, for hot water supply, maintaining the desired temperature and water pressure at water points
• circulating utility, fire-fighting, heating and backup pumps
• mixing devices
• thermal and water meter units
• control and measuring devices for instrumentation and automation
• shut-off and control valves
• expansion membrane tank

Block heat points (modular heat points)

Block (modular) heating point BTP has a block design. The BTP may consist of more than one block (module) mounted, often on one joint frame. Each module is an independent and complete item. At the same time, the regulation of work is general. Blösnche substations can have both local system management and regulation, and remote control and dispatching.

A block heat point can include both individual heat points and central heat points.

The main systems of heat supply to consumers as part of a heat substation

• hot water system (open or closed circuit connections)
• heating system (dependent or independent connection scheme)
• ventilation system

Typical schemes for connecting systems in heating points

Typical DHW system connection diagram
Typical scheme for connecting a heating system
Typical diagram for connecting the DHW and heating system
Typical diagram for connecting the DHW, heating and ventilation system

The thermal substation also includes a cold water supply system, but it is not a consumer of thermal energy.

The principle of operation of heat points

Thermal energy is supplied to heating points from heat generating enterprises through heating networks - primary main heating networks. Secondary, or distributing, heating networks connect the heating substation already with the end consumer.

Main heating networks usually have a large length, connecting the heat source and the heat point directly, and the diameter (up to 1400 mm). Often, main heat networks can combine several heat generating enterprises, which increases the reliability of providing consumers with energy.

Before entering the main networks, water undergoes water treatment, which brings the chemical indicators of water (hardness, pH, oxygen, iron content) in accordance with regulatory requirements. This is necessary in order to reduce the level of corrosive effect of water on inner surface pipes.

The distributing pipelines have a relatively short length (up to 500 m), connecting the heating point and the end consumer.

The coolant (cold water) enters through the supply pipeline to the heating point, where it passes through the pumps of the cold water supply system. Further, it (the heat carrier) uses the primary DHW heaters and is fed into the circulation circuit of the hot water supply system, from where it flows to the end consumer and back to the heat exchanger, constantly circulating. To maintain the required temperature of the heat carrier, it is constantly heated in the heater of the second DHW stage.

The heating system is the same closed circuit as the DHW system. In the event of leakage of the coolant, its volume is replenished from the feed system of the heating point.

Then the coolant enters the return pipeline and enters the heat generating enterprise again through the main pipelines.

Standard equipment of heating points

To ensure reliable operation of substations, they are supplied with the following minimum technological equipment:

• two plate heat exchanger(soldered or collapsible) for heating and hot water systems
• pumping station for pumping the coolant to the consumer, namely to heating appliances buildings or structures
• system automatic regulation quantity and temperature of the heat carrier (sensors, controllers, flow meters) to control the parameters of the heat carrier, account for heat loads and regulate the flow
• water treatment system
• technological equipment - shutoff valves, check valves, instrumentation, regulators

It should be noted that the complete set of the heat point with technological equipment largely depends on the connection scheme of the hot water supply system and the connection scheme of the heating system.

So, for example, in closed systems heat exchangers, pumps and water treatment equipment are installed for further distribution of the coolant between DHW system and heating system. And in open systems, mixing pumps are installed (for mixing hot and cold water in the right proportion) and temperature controllers.

Our specialists provide a full range of services, from design, production, supply, and ending with installation and commissioning of heating points of various configurations.