Mango tree at home. How to grow a mango from a stone: a detailed master class

Instruction

To try my hand at growing this exotic fruit, better seed. Moreover, a bone from mango bought in the market or in the supermarket. The main thing is to start planting immediately after the fruit has been eaten. Make sure that there are no fibers left on the bone from the pulp, or completely remove the outer shell by prying it sharp knife. This will help the seed to take root quickly, without overcoming the obstacle of a hard "shell".

Treat the seed with a fungicide (if you didn't remove the shell, it's not necessary), then plant in a well-walled, bottom-filled plant that should have a few drainage holes. Take 2 parts of sheet and sod soil and 1 part of sand. The soil must be loose. Plant the stone in a horizontal position and sprinkle with earth. Or plant narrow end down with ¼ of the seed left out. Whichever method you choose, after the bone is in, do not forget to pour water over it room temperature.

During the rooting of the plant and after, protect it from drafts, and also monitor temperature regime. It should be stable and be approximately + 22- + 24 degrees. After about 2-3 weeks, the first shoots should appear. To stimulate further growth, the tree needs the sun. If not, take care artificial lighting.

The soil must be moist, but remember that the plant is very sensitive to excess moisture, so do not "fill" it. Use a watering can with small holes. From time to time, spray the leaves with a spray bottle, and also cut the shoots in places, forming a crown. Transplant mango into a larger pot every 2 years.

The plant needs fertilizing with nitrogen-containing and organic fertilizers. You can use those that are suitable for citrus fruits. Fertilize mango follows quite often: about 1-2 times a month during the first year, then increase top dressing in the spring- summer period(1-2 times in two weeks) and gradually decrease in autumn-winter (1 time per month).

Don't expect from mango quick fruits - with proper care they may appear about the sixth year after planting and only after six months. Up to this point, the plant may appear. In order not to have a tree from ticks or powdery mildew keep the humidity in the air. Its level should adhere to 90%.

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Those who have ever tasted a real ripe one will forever remember its fabulous taste and fragrant freshness. The juicy yellow flesh of the mango is reminiscent of pineapple with peach, carrots and strawberries. Many people try to grow mango at home on their windowsill. To succeed, you need to know some tricks.

You will need

• - pot
• - Earth
• - plastic bottle

Instruction

Peel the pulp of the mango fruit and put it in a container with clean water room temperature. Don't forget to change the water every other day.

Prepare a pot for planting. Poke a few drainage holes in the bottom of the pot. Pour a piece of expanded clay into the bottom of the pot, then add cactus soil mixed with sand in a 2: 1 ratio.

Plant the seed in the prepared soil. The bone should be laid sideways to avoid erroneous planting with the root up. Top lightly sprinkle with earth, pour.

Take the plastic one from under the water and cut it into two pieces. Dip one part of the bottle into a pot of earth so that the bottle covers the planted mango seed. This is necessary to maintain moisture. In a month or two, and perhaps much earlier, you will be able to see mango sprouts hatching. If several shoots appear from one seed, it is not recommended to transplant them immediately. Let the plants first get stronger, and only then transplant into different pots with fertile soil.

Mango is a tropical plant whose fruits have an amazing taste. This is one of the largest fruit-bearing plants in the world. Individual specimens of mango trees reach almost 50 m in height, and their crowns have a diameter of about 60 m. Mango fruits, in addition to great taste, contain many useful elements and vitamins for life. And although the tropics are the birthplace of this plant, it is quite possible to grow mangoes at home.

Biological description

Mango is an evergreen tree with many varieties. Moreover, they have practically no differences in the stem or deciduous parts. All varieties have exactly the same growing conditions and care. They differ only in structural features, ripening time and flavoring shades of fruits.

One of the amazing features of mango is the interesting taste of its fruit. Mango fruits combine a mixture of fruity and coniferous flavors.

Moreover, the coniferous flavor is present in such an amount that does not make it too pronounced and cloying. This "coniferousness" is characteristic only of mango fruits, no other plants have a similar aftertaste.

Botanically speaking mango- This is a plant of the Anacardiaceae family, originating from the middle regions of India. It is a tree with strong and tall stem and extensive crown. Mango leaves are glossy and elongated shape: up to 15-20 cm long and 5-7 wide. Tree branches are also flexible and strong, as they need to hold a large number of large fruits.

Mango bloom time is at the end of winter. Inflorescences are corollas, formed in the form of pyramids. Sometimes in inflorescences there are up to a hundred flowers, and sometimes up to a thousand. The sizes of inflorescences in these cases are simply gigantic: up to 50-70 cm.

More than 95% of mango flowers are male, with a pleasant lily scent.

Fruits ripening in 2.5-3 months can weigh up to 1.5 kg; in some varieties, fruit ripening lasts up to six months and they can be even heavier (up to 2 kg).

Under natural conditions, mango blooms for 5-10 years, however, it does not begin to bear fruit immediately. The problem here is that paniculate inflorescences are difficult to pollinate even in natural conditions, and there is no need to talk about apartment ones.

Sometimes, in order for the tree to begin to set fruit, a graft of an already fruiting mango is made on it. Usually, even the grafting of one bud of a fruit-bearing plant is enough to speed up this process and a sufficient number of female flowers appeared on the tree, which are necessary for fruit setting.

Fruits, depending on the subspecies of the mango tree, have a wide variety of colors and sizes. The rind of all species is generally quite thin and smooth; inside the fetus contains a relatively large bone. In immature fruits, the pulp has a pronounced fibrous structure, which disappears as it ripens.

Mango is a source of abundance useful substances . Mango fruits contain calcium, iron, phosphorus and zinc. They have vitamins B6 and B9; the pulp of only two small mangoes contains daily rate vitamin C.

plant conditions

Growing mangoes will require certain rules to be followed. This tropical plant is very thermophilic and photophilous. Unlike many of their "compatriots" from the tropics, for example, the same coffee tree, mango is very critical of environmental changes that are unfavorable to him.

soil and pot

Mango requires neutral acidity soil. In addition, the soil must be loose. You should not use any loams for growing mangoes, and indeed, you should abandon the use of "homemade" soils.

Preparatory process

It is necessary to purchase soil with neutral acidity, which it would be desirable to check with a pH meter. Not everyone wants to buy this expensive product, however, you can try to take it from someone, or check the acidity level in the store when buying soil.

It is recommended to choose one of two types of mango soil: soil for succulents or cacti. If such soils are either absent or too dense, they should be mixed with perlite. For this purpose, you need to take the components in the following ratio: 1 part perlite to 2 parts of soil. If for some reason this option does not suit you, you can create your own soil mixture. Her recipe is as follows: coco substrate, peat and perlite are mixed in equal proportions. In any case, for the final composition of the soil mixture, it will be necessary to check it for acidity.

Mango containers are selected based on the characteristics of its root system. Just the appearance of a mango tree is enough to understand - the root system of the plant is pivotal and penetrates deep into the soil. Based on this, a pot is selected - it must be very deep; ideal option is a tub-type container.

However, for the first 1-2 years of a plant's life, including during its germination, such a large capacity will not be required. Pots can be used at these stages small size(no more than 15-20 cm in diameter), or generally use a 3-5 liter plastic bottle with a cut neck.

temperature and light

Normal conditions for the plant are temperatures + 25-30 ° C and a lot of sunlight. The plant perfectly tolerates direct sunlight, so the window sills of the south windows will be an ideal option for placing it in the apartment.

The plant needs at least 11 hours of daylight therefore illumination in the form of fluorescent lamps is mandatory. In the absence of sufficient light, the mango begins to stretch the stem, and leaf growth is not only inhibited, but completely stopped.

Mango can adapt to more low temperatures(up to +22°C), however, temperature fluctuations during the day should not exceed 5°C. This is important in the summer, when the container with the plant can be exposed to the open air during especially hot times.

If the daily temperature fluctuations exceed the given value, the plant will either need to be covered with something or brought into the room. There are no particular problems with this, since the mango, unlike many of its tropical counterparts, normally tolerates both movements and turns of the pot.

The plant does not like drafts, so it should be protected from them: or transfer to winter time where they are absent, or just in case, take care of the insulation of the pot itself.

Humidity

Mango requires moderately moist soil, but stagnant water is highly undesirable for him. Watering a mango is one of the most difficult tasks in caring for a plant.. Need to support upper layer soil moist, while it is necessary that water does not accumulate in the lower layers.

For the mango flowering period (February-March), watering should be reduced to a minimum., while it is necessary to ensure that the leaves of the plant do not deteriorate. It is important to strike a balance here so that the amount of water is minimal to keep the foliage in good shape, but nothing more.

The air around the plant should not be humid, so no daily spraying of the plant with a spray bottle is unacceptable. However, once or twice a month, the plant should be subjected to a leaf washing procedure: water is sprayed on them and dust is wiped off with a soft cloth. After that, all the leaves are wetted with dry gauze or a napkin.

Self-cultivation

Mango can be grown by purchasing germinated seedlings in nurseries, or independently, using its seedtaken from the fruit. The first not only allows you to get a ready-made healthy plant with a guarantee, but with its help you can become the owner dwarf variety mango.

Dwarf mangoes are about 5-10 times smaller than their usual counterparts, but the main thing is that their root system is adapted to the limited volumes of containers in which they are grown. The latter allow you to get even mango trees grown in the "bonsai" style. Another advantage of dwarf mangoes is that it is much easier to make them bear fruit than ordinary representatives of this species.

On the other hand, mango is one of the few crops that can be grown from its seed.. The exoticism of such an action attracts so many gardeners, and they make just such a choice in growing mangoes.

This process is very interesting and exciting, but if you decide to go all the way from finding a seed to turning it into Blooming tree, be patient. In the best case, this will take at least 5 years of fairly painstaking work and a lot of experiments, both with the plant itself and with its conditions of detention.

Consider the sequence of actions that need to be done to grow a mango from a seed:

Fruit selection

This is one of the main questions in growing a plant. In order for the plant to hatch normally, sprout and develop, it is necessary to choose the right fruit from which the seed will be taken. The main thing at this stage is to choose a fruit with a sufficient degree of maturity.

Ripe mangoes are soft, because the number of fibers in them is minimal; as noted earlier, fibrousness is characteristic only of immature fruits. It is necessary to choose the softest fruit that is available, only in such fruits is there a guarantee that the seed has managed to develop fully.

The plant will also germinate from an underdeveloped seed, but its growth rate will be significantly slowed down, in addition, it will constantly be overcome by some kind of disease. Therefore, it is better not to spoil everything at the very beginning by making the wrong choice.

In some cases, the mango seed germinates while already inside the fruit; in some, the seed just opens up. If you managed to get such a fruit at your disposal, consider yourself lucky, you have not only a full-fledged, healthy plant, but also at least one month of time savings.

The best time to buy mangoes for planting is May or June. At this time, it can be guaranteed that the plants have not been deep-frozen and that the seeds inside are still alive. Frozen or too old fruits, as a rule, no longer contain live seeds and are unsuitable for planting.

Germination preparation

The seed of the selected fruit is cut from the pulp with a knife, and then “cleaned” manually, using only fingers, so as not to damage it. The pulp must be completely removed from the stone.. This is important, because if not all of the pulp is removed, mold can grow in it at the germination stage, which will destroy the entire mango shoot.

On an oblong mango bone, it is quite difficult to determine where the top is and where the bottom is. However, this is the second fundamental important point when growing, since the seed should be planted in the ground exclusively with the root down.

If the bone is not opened, it will need to be opened with a knife. This operation will allow not only to determine the orientation of the root in space, but also reduce the time for the sprout to break through the hard shell of the seed.

The seeds must be separated from the stone, however, if there are any difficulties, you should not persist, the sprout will still germinate, perhaps a week later. Sometimes there may be several seeds in the stone. In this case, all healthy seeds are selected for germination. They are usually smooth and white or yellow; if the seed is brown, limp or shriveled, it is better to throw it away so as not to waste your time.

seed germination

Can be done with two different ways: either in a glass of water or with a damp cloth. When grown in a glass, the seed is placed in it and simply filled with water, or some kind of stand is installed so that its half with the germinal part is in the water.

The liquid in the glass is changed every 2-3 days. The first sprout will appear in about 7-10 days, and after another 2-3 days, the root process will appear. Once this has happened, the germinated seed can be transplanted into the soil.

In the case of growing in a wet cloth or gauze towel, it is folded in such a way that the seed is completely covered on both sides. The resulting "sandwich" is placed in a shallow bath. The fabric is regularly wetted with water so that it does not dry out. Once every 2 days, the liquid is drained from the bath, and the rag is wetted again; at the same time, it is not necessary to squeeze it and unfold it completely.

After the seed has germinated, it must be planted in the substrate with the root process down, and the seed itself is buried in the substrate by about half its length.

The landing itself is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Even a temporary, first pot should have a fairly solid bottom and be relatively deep (preferably at least 20 cm).
2. About a third of the pot should be occupied by medium or fine drainage. It is undesirable to use expanded clay, it is better to use fine gravel or broken brick. A layer of soil is poured on top, not reaching 2-3 cm to the top of the pot.
3. It is advisable to apply a single dose of fertilizer for palms or cacti to the substrate before planting. It is best to use a liquid mixture that is poured into a pot and mixed with the topsoil.
4. In the middle of the pot, a recess is made into which the germinated seed is placed. In this case, it is necessary to completely dig in both processes. If the stem shoot has sprouted too high and already exceeds the length of the seed, it is not necessary to drop it.
5. Top of the pot must be covered polyethylene film to create an impromptu greenhouse. Instead of a film, you can use a plastic bottle of large diameter (usually a 2 liter bottle is enough) with a cut neck, installed above the seed upside down.

Plant care at the initial stage

After planting the seed, the pot is placed in a warm and sunny place. At this stage, direct sunlight is not desirable, it is necessary to use diffused light. At the same time, it should be a lot, like an adult plant (at least 11 hours a day).

Plant care during this period consists of regular daily watering and airing. Watering should be done with warm settled water with a temperature of + 30-32 ° C. There should be enough water, but it is not recommended to over-moisten the substrate. Excess water must be drained from the pot tray about 20-30 minutes after watering.

Air the plant for 5-10 minutes once a day. At the same time, there should be no drafts in the room, and the temperature should not fall below + 25 ° С.

The first month the mango grows very slowly. If the sprout has not germinated sufficiently in the water, it is possible that it will hatch from the substrate not earlier than the 4th week. But, as soon as he hatches and "sees" the sunlight, his growth rate will increase significantly.

After the top of the plant appears from the substrate, it is necessary to slightly increase watering., but without excessive flooding of the soil. It is better to do 2 waterings per day with a total volume of water of about 1.5 of the volume used for irrigation on initial stage germination.

Adult plant care

As soon as the mango has the first adult petals, it can be gradually weaned from greenhouse conditions and transfer to room content. Acclimatization should be gradual: every day it is recommended to open the "greenhouse" for 20-30 minutes more than the previous one, while leaving it overnight.

After about a month, acclimatization will be completed and the film can be removed. The plant should be on a sunny windowsill or glazed heated balcony; direct sunlight at this stage is no longer just desirable, but highly recommended. The temperature in this case should not be less than + 23-25 ​​° С.

Watering and humidity

Some gardeners insist that mango requires high humidity air and must be sprayed regularly with a spray bottle. This is not entirely correct, since such a regime will lead to excessive soil moisture and the plant may die.

Normal humidity for mangoes should be around 70% and twice a month it can be sprayed warm water, but this procedure should not be abused. It should be done in the morning or in the evening so that moisture does not remain on the leaves under the direct rays of the Sun. It is advisable to dry them thoroughly with a cloth before the sun's rays hit the leaves, relieving them of moisture residues.

Watering mango is carried out every 2-3 days. The plant needs enough water to maintain normal state leaves, but it should not be excessively curled; The top layer of soil should only be slightly damp.

Pruning and transplant

After about 1-1.5 years, the plant begins an active period of life. Its growth is greatly accelerated and it needs more and more space both in the pot (root system) and outside it.

Approximately 1.5 years after planting, the plant will have a height of about one meter and its root system will almost completely occupy the volume of its first pot. At this stage, the plant is recommended to be transplanted into a larger pot.

Transplantation is done in the spring, during the period active growth roots. A pot with a diameter of 5 cm larger than the previous one is selected and transplantation is carried out either by transshipment or by completely digging out the root, fortunately, the mango root system normally tolerates such actions.

After the first three annual transplants, they switch to transplants every 2 years., which will be few - one or two. After this, the mango can be transplanted into a large pot or tub.

The first pruning of the plant is done when it reaches a height of about 1.5 meters.. Usually, the upper shoot with a growth cone is removed so that the tree begins to grow "in breadth". Mango cuttings are recommended to be done twice a year, so that they do not coincide with the time of its transplantation. The plant tolerates such actions perfectly, because it has a high growth rate of the deciduous part and from each such procedure it only becomes thicker. It is advisable to process the cut points with charcoal.

top dressing

The plant can do without fertilizers, but in this case its growth and appearance will be very mediocre. In order for the mango to grow and develop normally, it is recommended during the period of active growth (spring-summer) to apply under it universal fertilizer for palm trees.

Feed preparation

The main element that mango requires constantly is nitrogen., therefore, fertilizers must contain it in sufficient quantities. Even during the flowering period, mango does not require phosphorus and potassium, but nitrogen.

Ensuring fruiting

Mango, starting from the age of 5, blooms regularly every year, but there are some problems with fruiting. Theoretically, you can wait for the fruiting of a plant grown at home, but the probability of this event will be very low (about 1 case out of 100).

The guarantee of the fruiting of a plant is its grafting from an already flowering and fruiting plant from some nursery or botanical garden. Despite the apparent complexity of such a procedure, in fact, in the post-Soviet space, there are fruit-bearing mango trees in almost all botanical gardens large cities.

The grafting procedure itself is quite simple: one of the shoots is split with a sharp sterile knife and a bud from a fruit-bearing tree is grafted into it. The vaccination site is wrapped with electrical tape or tape. After about 1-2 weeks, the winding can be removed.

The bud begins to bloom after about 2 seasons, very rarely this happens the next season. However, after 2-3 years, fruits may appear on almost all inflorescences. The grafted tree, before the appearance of the first fruits, should be fed monthly (and not only during active growth) with nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

Good luck growing mango

At first, there will be few fruits, but already 3-4 years after grafting, their number on a tree 1.5-2 meters tall will be about a dozen.

Plant diseases

One of the unfortunate features of many tropical crops is their relatively high vulnerability to diseases and pests. The reason for this, first of all, is the conditions of detention, with all the desire not corresponding to those that they have in their homeland.

Mango is no exception, so let's look at the most common diseases of this plant that its owners may encounter.

Spider mites

They are the most common and frequent pests of mangoes.. They feed on the juices of the plant, oppressing it. It is very difficult to detect spider mites directly due to their small size, however, arthropod pests give themselves away by the appearance of rusty plaque on the sheets.

Any insecticide is used for treatment. They process the stems and surfaces of healthy leaves. In this case, the leaves are processed both from above and from below. Damaged leaves are cut off completely.

Anthracnose

This disease is caused by a fungus that attacks the plant at high soil moisture. Identified by dark brown spots on the leaves which subsequently turn black. Over time, the fungus attacks the nutrient pathways and the plant can die.

The source of infection can be insects that carry spores of the fungus from one plant to another, and if the environment is favorable for it, and the soil is excessively wet, the fungus can also infect mangoes.

Treatment consists in a complete change of the substrate, disinfection of the roots with a solution of potassium permanganate and correction of the irrigation regime. As a rule, especially initial stages, specialized fungicide treatment is not needed.

bacteriosis

This disease is caused by various groups of bacteria that enter untreated plant sections during pruning. The tissues of the plant begin to rot, and often this pathology is accompanied by a characteristic odor that is not characteristic of a healthy tree.

If damage of this type is detected, the damaged parts of the plant should be immediately removed and the substrate completely replaced. Healthy parts of the plant should be treated with copper sulphate or Bordeaux mixture.

How to Peel a Mango - 3 Ways

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Conclusion

Growing mangoes is not an easy task, and it takes a long time to get any results. In the vast majority of cases, mango is grown not as a fruit, but as ornamental plant, and even then, mainly due to the decorativeness of its leaves, since it is not even possible to achieve flowering in half of the cases. However, many are trying to get both flowering and fruiting mango trees at home. Anyone who grows mangoes at home and can get their fruits can be considered a real "guru" of home floriculture. For us it is very important Feedback with our readers! If you do not agree with these ratings, leave your rating in the comments with a brief argument. Thank you for your participation. Your opinion will be useful to other users.

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• Very rare and exotic plant
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• Diligent care required
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Mango is called the king among fruits. Fragrant, juicy, playing with rich colors, the mango fruit is loved in Europe and India. In our country, he did not gain such popularity. There may be several reasons: high price exotic fruit, its ability to cause allergies and others. But nothing can stop true connoisseurs of the exotic. Some of us try to grow our favorite fruit at home, from the seed. But can a tropical handsome man take root and develop on a balcony or windowsill? Or will the plant lack the rays of the southern sun it loves?

Is it possible to grow a mango from a stone

When buying an exotic fruit in a supermarket, we immediately ask ourselves questions: what to cook from it? Where to put the bone? What happens if she is planted? Planting a mango out of simple curiosity is not worth it. Growing this fruit is a laborious and lengthy process, primarily due to the lack of necessary conditions. But if the dream of planting a mango has long settled in your head, it’s worth starting to implement it. What needs to be done to ensure that this tropical inhabitant is firmly established on the windowsill or balcony? To get started, choose the right fruit and prepare everything you need:

We germinate the bone

The mango seed has a thick and strong shell, so the sprout needs to be helped to come into the world. There are several options:

How to plant mangoes at home

There are two ways to plant a mango from a stone: closed and open. Which option to use, everyone decides for himself.

Closed landing method

Easy, convenient method for those who have little time.

Open planting mango

This method involves opening the bone. So let's get started open method landings:

With any method of planting mangoes, the flower pot must be covered with a film or glass. This creates the necessary greenhouse effect. But since the mango is subject to fungal diseases, the soil with the planted fruit must be ventilated every two days. To do this, lift the edge of the film for 10-15 minutes.

Video: how to plant mangoes in an open way

Features of growing at home

To grow healthy fruit tree, you need to create a climate suitable for it. It is believed that the birthplace of this fruit is India. There mango grows in abundance of heat, light and high humidity. It is important to arrange the conditions necessary for the growth and development of the plant:

How to transplant mango

This tropical tree needs to be replanted every two years. At each transplant, choose a pot bigger size so as not to constrain the mango. Then we proceed as follows:

1. Water the plant generously.
2. At the bottom of the tank we pour drainage and a little soil.
3. Mango, together with a clod of earth, is removed from the old pot. This is done in order not to injure the roots of the tree.
4. We put it in a new place. We sprinkle with earth.
5. After transplanting, mangoes need to be fed with organic and nitrogen-containing fertilizers.

Plant nutrition

Mangoes need to be fed frequently. Fertilize the soil once a week in spring and summer. In the cold season, top dressing is carried out once a month. We introduce organic and nitrogen-containing fertilizers into the soil:

Video: mango cultivation, watering and fertilizing

Diseases and pests dangerous for mangoes

This exotic tree can be damaged not only by improper care, but also various diseases. Mangoes are prone to diseases such as powdery mildew and anthracnose. Their appearance is facilitated by the favorite mango moisture and heat air, as well as a deficiency in the soil of potassium and phosphorus. As a preventive measure, experts advise airing the room and moderate watering. But what if the mango is already sick?

Table: mango diseases and their control

In addition to diseases, mangoes are threatened by insect pests. Thrips and spider mites are not averse to feasting on juicy dense leaves. These insects are very fond of tropical plants. But if the mite attacks the mango in the spring, then thrips can appear at any time of the year.

Table: mango pests

Juicy carrots, sugar and fragrant strawberries. A pleasant coniferous smell emphasizes the rich taste.

Almost every housewife, peeling an orange overseas fruit, thought about growing a mango from a stone. It will take a lot of time and patience to implement this idea. But all efforts will not be in vain. amazing mango tree grown at home from a stone will become a luxurious decoration of the house.

How mango grows in nature

From its historical homeland - India, the mango tree settled in the countries of South and East Asia, East Africa and California. A heat-loving plant is terrified of a drop in temperature and may die at +5 degrees Celsius.

Mango tree - beautiful plant with spreading branches and large green leaves. AT natural conditions it reaches up to 20 meters in height, acquiring a wide rounded crown. The roots of the tree go into the ground to a depth of more than 5 meters, which provides constant access to moisture and nutrients. During the flowering period, numerous delicate flowers. After their fall, filiform panicles remain on the branches, in place of which 2 or more fruits grow. Mango is a real long-liver, the plant can grow and bear fruit for 300 years.

The fruits reach sizes from 5 to 22 cm in length and take on a wide variety of shapes (flattened, ovoid or curved). The rind has a persistent green or yellow and spilling red hue with sunny side. The weight of the fruit depends on the variety and ranges from 250 to 750 grams. As they ripen, the fruits hang slightly on the long branches of the predecessor flowers. It seems that the fruits are suspended on a thread and decorate the tree. Under the dense elastic peel hides a bright orange flesh, carefully saving a large bone.

How to grow mango from seed at home

There are two ways to grow a mango tree at home.

The first and simplest is the purchase of a finished seedling in a nursery. The acquired plant must be transplanted into the soil and provide suitable conditions care.

The second way is seed germination, for which, first of all, you need to buy good fruit in the shop. Based only on the color of a mango, it will be difficult to determine its ripeness. The green and even color of the peel can hide no less ripe fruit than a yellow or red shell.

When choosing a fruit, press lightly on it. Perceptible elasticity without excessive hardness or deformation is the most important indicator of ripeness. Take a close look tropical fruit- the skin should be whole, slightly shiny and without spots.

Ripe fruit has a sweet aroma with a slight smell of turpentine. The smell of alcohol, on the contrary, indicates the ripeness of the fetus and the beginning of fermentation processes. When peeling, the pulp of a ripe mango is easily separated from the massive stone, “overgrown” with fruit fibers.

Preparing mango seeds for planting

Before a mango seed can be germinated, it must be removed from the fruit. Cut the fruit in half and, using a knife, remove the pulp from the core. Rinse the bone thoroughly under running water afterwards.

To speed up the emergence of sprouts, it is necessary to free the mango seeds from the stone, resembling a shellfish. To do this, carefully open the bone and remove the contents, similar to large beans.

If the shell is too hard, do not try to break it - the risk of injuring the sprouts is very high. Put an impregnable strong bone for several weeks in a transparent container and fill it with water. Provide the future plant with maximum heat and sunlight, do not forget to change the water every few days. After a couple of weeks, as soon as the bone swells, open it from the side and remove the seed.

In the future, a new plant will appear from the germinated seed, so pay special attention to this stage.

An alternative system for home germination is a container of wet sawdust where the seed is placed after being removed from the pit.

After 2-3 weeks, immediately after the appearance of the first embryos, you can proceed to transplanting into a pot.

How to plant a mango

You can immediately plant a mango seed in the ground, treating it with growth stimulants, but this method is considered less effective. The thing is that the stone protects and stores the seeds in order to give life to a new plant. New climatic conditions may not suit the protective bone. Therefore, if you immediately plant it in the soil, there is no guarantee that a new plant will begin to grow.

At this stage, as in the previous one, preparation is extremely important. Before planting the seed, prepare the necessary container and soil.

Under natural conditions, the plant deepens the root system by meters, so immediately pick up a spacious pot so as not to limit growth. Frequent transplantation can harm and destroy a tropical tree.

1. Lay drainage from pebbles at the bottom of the pot, with a layer of 5-6 cm. This will ensure root respiration and protect the plant from stagnant water and rotting.
2. Fill the pot 2/3 full with substrate. Mango soil should be light and maintain a neutral pH. A universal soil is suitable, the acidity of which can be determined using special device or paper indicators.
3. Make a small hole and plant the seed 3/4 of the way down in the ground. If the embryo does not appear after germination, or you plant the seed without pre-training, place it flat side down.
4. Mango is a heat-loving plant, it needs certain climatic conditions.
5. Immediately after planting, spray the seed with a spray bottle and cover with a domed lid, transparent container, or part plastic bottle.
6. Periodically check the plant, water and ventilate the air in the pot to avoid rotting and death.
7. Place the plant in a warm, well-lit area, but avoid direct sunlight. Excess sun is no less dangerous than excessive moisture.
8. After 2-3 weeks, the first mango sprout will appear, and the greenhouse protection can be removed. Don't worry if the leaf color is different. Purple and green leaves are one of the features of the plant.

Mango tree care at home

Many people give up on the idea of ​​growing mangoes at home because of the exacting nature of this plant. If you are extremely attentive and reverent, mango care at home will consist of timely watering, access to light, top dressing and timely transplanting.

Lighting

Direct sunlight is the only thing that does not harm the tree. Therefore, do not be afraid to put it on a lighted windowsill. But dark places should be avoided, the plant will begin to throw off the leaves and may die.

In winter, to extend daylight hours to the required 12 hours, you need to highlight the mango with a fluorescent lamp.

Air temperature

To grow a healthy and beautiful tree, remember, mango is afraid of any climate change. Optimum temperature+21 +26 degrees. Therefore, it is not recommended to take it out to the balcony or the garden even in the warm summer period. Sudden rain, a sharp change in air temperature and wind are dangerous for a whimsical plant.

Humidity and watering mangoes

The plant categorically does not tolerate dry soil, water the fruit at least 2 times a week. Do not overdo it, an excess of moisture is just as destructive as a lack. Use only settled water at room temperature.

Dry air is also unacceptable for a tropical guest. Periodically moisten the leaves of the plant with a spray bottle, maintain optimal level humidity (70-80%). Apply technical achievement person - a humidifier, or surround the pot with containers of water.

Fertilizer

Just growing a mango from a seed is not enough, the plant needs to be fed regularly. Tender mango will go only natural, organic fertilizers and stimulants. To ensure proper growth, add humus to the pot with the tree. To do this, make a small circular depression around the trunk, place fertilizer there and sprinkle a small layer of soil on top.

Feed your mangoes once a month with a fertilizer containing minerals and an increased amount of nitrogen. This will keep the green foliage.

Pruning and crown shaping

In wildlife, mango grows high up, and the domestic specimen is not inferior to its tropical parent. If you do not plan to arrange a greenhouse from home, regularly care for the crown of the tree.

When 8 leaves appear on the seedling, pinch the top. As soon as the tree from the stone reaches 1.5 meters in height, begin to form a crown. This usually happens a year after planting. prune the plant better in spring, leaving 5 powerful branches. Places of pruning branches must be treated with garden pitch.

If you happen to enjoy a ripe fragrant mango, don't throw away the pit!
In addition to the pleasure of pure food, your child will have an exciting experience of growing bone mango. If there were several fruits, and accordingly, there were several seeds, you can arrange competitions - whose mango bone will germinate faster, or whose tree will be taller, etc. Just don't forget to label the seedling pots.

Only suitable for sprouting ripe mango seeds. Ideally, they should not be bought in a store, because. the fruits are plucked green and they ripen along the way and in cold showcases, and they were brought from the country of growth in a ripe form. It is advisable to plant the mango pit as soon as possible after extraction from the fruit. But if for some reason this fails - do not despair. A stone, cleaned of pulp, can successfully lie down for several days (up to a week) in wet sand or wet sawdust, in extreme cases, in gauze or a piece of cotton wool moistened with water and folded in several layers. To prevent rotting or mold, it is necessary to scrape off the remnants of the pulp as much as possible. You can soak the bone in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. You can also keep the bone in an open container in water, which will have to be changed twice a day. The temperature of the substrate or water should be 20-25 degrees.

When starting planting, prepare a suitable container and soil for germinating the mango seed. It can be a ready-made universal substrate for indoor plants, coconut briquette, peat briquette or agroperlite. Coconut and perlite are preferred because such substrates practically exclude the possibility of decay. However personal experience I don’t have perlite or coconut planting, so if you have several seeds available, you can safely experiment and get your own interesting results. There are also recommendations to mix coconut, peat and perlite. Before planting, pour the soil with hot water so that it is sufficiently moistened. The temperature of the substrate for planting and water for irrigation should be 25-30 degrees.

For mango seed germination it is not necessary to choose a large beautiful and expensive pot. A disposable glass, the bottom of a 1-1.5 liter plastic bottle, a cheap temporary seedling pot, or any other suitable bowl is quite suitable. The height of the container should be at least 1.5 times the length of the bone. At the bottom of the pot, be sure to make a few drainage holes if there are none.

acute thin knife Carefully open the mango bone along the rib and take out the seed. It would be better for an adult to do this, because. the shell of the bone is quite hard. Next, open the halves of the shell with your hands (it is tough enough) so as not to damage the root, carefully separate it from the edge of the shell. What does an open mango bone and seed look like? More or less like this:

Source: wikipedia.org

Then it didn’t even occur to me to photograph the process, so I’m showing the most appropriate photo of a mango bone found on the Internet. The root can be explicitly or implicitly expressed, and even if it seems almost dried up to you, do not throw away the bone, give it the opportunity to try to germinate. Of the three mango seeds planted, all three of us sprouted: those two that were stale in the water and almost deteriorated, and the one that was fresh, but at first seemed frail and unviable.

So, we make a hole and stick the seed into the soil 3/4 in height at an angle of ~ 45 degrees, root down, carefully so as not to damage it. There should be enough space to the top of the pot to cover it with glass, tighten it with cling film or a transparent plastic bag, making a mini-greenhouse. You need to ventilate such a home-made greenhouse 1-2 times a day, removing condensation from the film with a cotton pad or a clean napkin. We put the container with the seed in a warm and bright place, on the windowsill or battery, if desired, you can arrange the bottom heating with a heating pad. It is good if in the morning or in the evening the pot with the bone will bask in the sun by the window. The soil should be kept moist all the time, maintaining air humidity under glass or film. In our mini-greenhouse, it should not dry out at all, but if this suddenly happened, add warm water or moisten the substrate with a spray bottle.

The first of the two seeds gave a spine after 3 weeks - I found it at the bottom of a transparent bottom from a plastic bottle, which served as an impromptu pot. After a couple of days, the bone cracked and a plump loop of the stem broke out, which quickly freed itself and showed us 4 tiny purple leaves. And there, the second bone released a sprout.

For some time we keep the sprouts under the bag, you can not cork tightly, leaving gaps for ventilation and often airing the seedlings. When the sprout has straightened up and spread the leaves, we remove the shelter, but we make sure that the mango pot does not stand in a draft or in the cold. For the first few nights, while the seedling adapts, if it is cool, you can put on a bag. The mango grows very rapidly, in 2 months we got two such trees.

At first I planted two mango seeds in one container, which I later regretted. I had to transplant, I was worried if the roots would be damaged. It turned out, root systems the mangoes at this stage are quite compact, they did not have to be separated, however, it did not work out to deepen the bones as it was - the prepared pots turned out to be too small. This did not harm the trees, only the decorative effect suffered a little.

This is what they looked like taken out of the ground mango sprouts:

2 weeks after planting the first two, we also had a third seed. The new fruit was initially smaller, and the stone was thinner and smaller, and the seed in it was 2 times smaller than the first two, and the root looked very dried up. At that moment, my hopes for the success of the first experiment were weak, because. The first two bones I have are a little stale due to the move. Nevertheless, it was decided to try and try to germinate the third mango bone - after all, we do not lose anything.

This time the seed sat in the ground for a long time, for a whole month, and it began to seem to me that it would no longer germinate and that it would be necessary to throw it away so that it would not take up space on the windowsill. But before throwing it away, I decided to poke around in a pot :) It turned out that the seed had already begun to put out a strong root! I dug it back, covered it with a film, we are waiting further. And again, no change. Again I decided to throw it away, and before throwing it out again I decided to dig up the soil. And there is already a loop of the stem is about to hatch! After 1.5 months, a sprout came out, such a weak one, and with only one real leaf (the previous mango seeds immediately gave 4 leaves one and 3 the other).