Leaf mustard - description with a photo of the plant; its cultivation, useful properties and application; benefit and harm; dish recipes. Mustard leaf

Vitamin greens can be grown on the windowsill all year round- it can replace expensive ones vitamin complexes. Delicate mustard leaves have a piquant taste - they are recommended for salads and side dishes.

Helpful information

Exist different types mustard:

Sizaya (Russian, Sarepta);
black (French);
white (English).

On the windowsill, it makes sense to grow salad mustard, which has the most tender and long-lasting leaves.

The term for reaching technical maturity is about 30 days. The rosette of the plant has a diameter of 28-37 cm. Slightly wavy leaves are raised up. They are narrower at the base than at the top. The edges are slightly serrated. Dark green leaves covered with a light wax coating have a red-violet "tan". Taste characteristics are good - there is a slight astringency and sharpness.

The term for reaching technical ripeness is 26-27 days. Plants are photophilous, fruitful - from each square meter you can collect up to 3 kg of greenery. The leaves are dyed green color. They are tender, juicy, spicy in taste.

Mustard salad Ant

This variety has earned great recognition thanks to high yield- from a square meter of planting, you can collect 4-4.5 kg of useful greenery. The diameter of the rosette of leaves is on average 25 cm. The elongated leaves are egg-shaped. Leaf blades are covered with a thin wax coating. The taste of greens is pleasant, spicy and spicy.

What is useful salad mustard? Greens bring significant benefits to the body, because they contain a large number of vitamins (A, C, P, B1) and minerals (calcium, potassium, sulfur, iron, zinc, etc.). The leaves contain vegetable protein, carbohydrates, fats. Sprouts are recommended for eczema and other skin diseases, as well as problems with the intestines, coughing, beriberi and neuralgia.

Mustard on the windowsill: growing rules

To plant mustard, purchase seeds from a specialty store. Soak them in a pink potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes. Rinse the container in which you plan to sow the seeds with the same solution. If you want to speed up the process of seed germination, wrap them in a damp cloth (gauze). Maintain moisture by periodically spraying with a spray bottle. The resulting sprouts can be planted in the ground or immediately added to the salad. To get a constant flow of green leaves, plant a new batch of seeds 2 weeks after the first sowing (then repeat the sowing, not forgetting to disinfect the planting containers).

Mustard prefers nutritious soil, the acidity should be neutral or slightly alkaline. You can take the soil from the garden (best of all - from the beds after growing tomatoes or potatoes). Add biohumus and coconut fiber. Be sure to calcine the earth in the oven. If you want to make the task easier, get a ready-made soil mixture for vegetable seedling- it has the composition necessary for the development of plants.

Use as container disposable cups, pots, boxes - whatever you think is convenient (you need the container to have holes for the outflow of water). Fill in a third landing capacity expanded clay or other drainage material, fill the soil, sow the seeds (immersion depth - about 0.5 cm). Pour over, cover with foil. Leave in a cool place until germination, and then - rearrange in the sun (but not under direct rays). When growing mustard on greens, it makes no sense to thin out the planting much - when thickened, the leaves remain juicy longer.

You can grow greens without soil - to the bottom glass jars put the foam rubber, moisten it, spread the seeds on top. Moisten the sponge periodically. When the seedlings reach a height of about 5 cm, you can cut them and use them.

Care for salad mustard on the windowsill

Homemade mustard does not need top dressing, you just need to water and spray it on time (this is especially important in winter, when the heating is on). In cloudy weather and in the cold season, it is worth organizing additional lighting. Greens can be cut as needed. In summer, it is advisable to find the coolest place in the apartment - if the temperature exceeds 20 ... 24 degrees, shooting begins.

Lettuce can grow on your windowsill both in winter and in summer. Plants don't need special care. They rise quickly and short time reach technical maturity.

Today we will talk about a stranger from China and a close relative of cabbage - salad mustard. Let's figure out what kind of plant it is and how to grow it. - annual, cross-pollinating, early maturing, cold-resistant plant. It is widespread in countries South-East Asia, in China, Japan, India. It is cultivated in the USA and Europe.

The plant got its name for the slightly spicy taste of the leaves, reminiscent of the taste of table mustard. The leaves are tasty, containing a lot of potassium, vitamin C and provitamin A, as well as calcium, phosphorus and iron salts. This allows us to attribute salad mustard to the group of the most valuable green vegetables.

Oils used in food, technical and medicinal purposes are obtained from mustard seeds. ethnoscience China uses mustard oil as an analgesic for superficial skin injuries, tumors, and burns. Mustard mustard juice is considered an antidote for mushroom poisoning.

There are many varieties of mustard, differing primarily in shape, color, pubescence of leaves, the presence of edible stem or stem crop, as well as decorative. , or rather, its leaves are used in salads and for preparing side dishes for a variety of meat and fish dishes.

Mustard forms a fairly developed rosette of leaves on wet fertile soils and in cold weather. On dry, poor soils and in hot weather, its leaves grow weakly, quickly coarsen, and the plant blooms.

Since mustard is an unpretentious and cold-resistant plant, it can be grown in open field- with early spring until late autumn; in greenhouses or on the window - in winter.

All varieties of salad mustard are early ripening (20-30 days pass from sowing to harvest). Biggest Harvest and more High Quality obtained from early spring late summer crops.

Lettuce leaf mustard is grown as an independent crop and as a compactor when growing slow-growing plants of carrots, beets or wide-row crops (cabbage, tomatoes).

The best predecessors of this crop are cucumbers - tomatoes, early potatoes, onion. The soil for sowing lettuce mustard is prepared in the fall: they dig it up, planting compost (3-6 kg / sq. M), superphosphate (15 g / sq. M) and potassium chloride (10 g / sq. M) into it. Can be dispensed with organic fertilizer if available in sufficient quantity. Before sowing in the spring, a plot on heavy soils is dug up, on light soils they are loosened.

Sowing is carried out every 10-12 days until mid-August. Sow in rows with row spacing of 25-30 cm. When a cruciferous flea appears, mustard seedlings are pollinated with ash. The plants are thinned out, leaving a gap of up to 5 cm in a row, then up to 10 cm. After thinning, the plants are fed nitrogen fertilizers(10 g of urea per 10 liters of water) or a solution of mullein (1:10), chicken manure (1:15).

They begin to harvest at a plant height of 10-15 cm. The yield of mustard is 0.3-0.5 kg / sq. m. salad mustard successfully grown at home, sowing in shallow boxes with a light soil mixture scattered. After 10-12 days, the leaves are ready for use.

Mustard is very popular and common as green manure on the household plots. It enriches the soil with organic matter, phosphorus and sulfur, and also disinfects it. Mustard germinates quickly and quickly accumulates green mass. It can be sown at any time when the soil is free: before, after sowing and between the growth of the main crops.

Autumn crops of mustard - good remedy from a wireworm that "flashes" potatoes. With scattered sowing for fertilizer, the seeding rate of mustard seeds increases to 4 g/sq. m, and for protection against wireworm - up to 5-6 g / sq.m.

On the market and store shelves, and therefore on our tables, more useful products: vegetables, fruits, herbs.

Increasingly, herbs such as basil, arugula or salad mustard are becoming available, which can be grown on their own in your garden. She is so unpretentious in care that she can grow without good lighting in almost any land - both in open ground and on the windowsill.

Mustard leaf: cultivation in open ground

Soil preparation

Although given plant able to grow in almost any soil, it is advisable to choose a site with neutral soil. It is better to leave a sunny place for sun-loving crops, and partial shade is suitable for mustard, as it cannot stand the heat.

It’s good if potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, beets or eggplants grew in the garden before mustard.

In autumn, we dig up the soil with the addition of 3 kg of humus or compost on square meter site. If the soil is acidic, add slaked lime(from 300 to 700 g per 1 m², depending on the degree of acidity), ash or dolomite flour.

Seeding mustard

When the frosts weaken, and the temperature becomes above -5 ° C, we proceed to sowing the seeds. Sowing is carried out in 3 stages in order to have fresh, and most importantly, tender greens at hand all summer, because plants planted for the first time subsequently coarsen. First, we sow achenes until the end of April, after - until the end of May and in the first decade of August.

For sowing, we choose cool days, otherwise the plants will give arrows. We sow achenes in moistened grooves 1 cm deep with row spacing 30 cm. Lightly cover them with soil and water from a shallow watering can warm water.

When a couple of leaves appear, thin out the seedlings so that the distance between plants is 15-20 cm.

Salad mustard care

It is very simple to care for salad mustard when growing seedlings - they will need the following procedures:

• Regular weeding and loosening of row spacings.
• Watering - moderate, as the soil dries. We do not allow the soil to dry out, otherwise the greens will not be juicy and tasty.
• Top dressing of mustard after thinning with the help of infusion of chicken manure at the rate of 1 part to 15 parts of water. If seedlings grow slowly, water the soil ash solution, insisting 8 hours a mixture of 100 grams wood ash and 5 liters of water.

If plants overcome cruciferous flea, in the morning we sprinkle them with ashes and periodically repeat the sprinkling. To prevent plants from being attacked by fleas, it is good to plant lettuce or onions next to the bed: their smell repels insects.

How to clean mustard leaf after growing

As soon as the height of the leaf rosettes reaches 15 cm, we cut them to the very root or even pull the plants out of the ground: they will no longer be needed. That is why lettuce mustard must be sown repeatedly if you want to have greens on the table all summer and autumn.

Growing lettuce mustard on a windowsill

Have fresh mustard greens in your diet rich in vitamins, minerals and other valuable substances, it is possible not only in summer and autumn. The rest of the time we can grow it on the windowsill, because the plant is completely unpretentious to the conditions of cultivation.

Seed preparation

We purchase mustard seeds and prepare them for sowing:

• Fill the seed with pink solutions of potassium permanganate and hold for 20 minutes.
• We place the seeds in gauze and regularly moisten with water until they hatch.

We dry the seeds a little for the convenience of sowing and proceed to sowing.

Sowing mustard seeds

For cultivation mustard leaf suitable store soil or land from the garden, taken from places where potatoes or tomatoes grew. We sow the seed as follows:

• We rinse the boxes with a pink solution of potassium permanganate.
• We flavor the garden soil with coke fiber and biohumus, and bake it in the oven. With store land, such procedures are not carried out, this is a finished product.
• We fill the boxes by a third with drainage such as expanded clay or pebbles, the rest with earth.
• We make grooves 0.5 cm deep and sow the shift.
• Carefully water them - they will be drawn into the ground, cover with polyethylene and place in a cool place until they germinate.
• After the emergence of seedlings, we remove the film and put the boxes on warm windowsills. Plants should not be exposed to direct sunlight.

For constant mustard greens, repeat crops every two weeks.

Mustard care on the windowsill

After the appearance of 2 leaves, we thin out the seedlings, but not much: the leaves of plants with denser plantings remain juicy longer and do not coarsen.

• Watering. We regularly water and spray the plants, especially in winter, during the heating season.
• Lighting. With a short daylight hours and on cloudy days, we provide illumination with phytolamps or other light sources.
• Temperature. We make sure that the temperature on the windowsill does not exceed 24 degrees, otherwise the mustard will go into the arrow.

There is no need to feed the plants: there is enough in the soil nutrients.

As you can see, leaf mustard, the cultivation of which is possible both in garden and in room conditions capable of producing crops all year round. Even in winter, you can enrich the diet with your own grown spicy herbs, adding it to fresh salads, side dishes, serving with meat and fish.

Mustard leaf - annual salad plant. Its slightly bitter leaves are one of the most nutritious first green salad vegetables, which contain many vitamins and minerals, antioxidant substances. Given its low calorie content, they can be eaten as much as you want without worrying about calories. But, unfortunately, not many gardeners grow this type of green salad and do not know about its beneficial properties. Let's get to know her in more detail.

Mustard leaf or synapis is an annual cold-resistant plant that yields a crop in a short time. Already two weeks after sowing, you can get the first vitamin greens. It belongs to the cruciferous family. In the first year, the lettuce produces a rosette of leaves. In the second year, the seeds ripen, from which the seasoning of the same name, mustard, is made.

As a green salad, mustard was known five thousand years ago. It is believed that the birthplace of this salad culture is the Indian Himalayas. Although it was known in many other countries.

Today it is grown all over the world and mainly for its seeds, which serve not only as a basis for seasoning, but also for medicinal purposes.

Today there are many different varieties salad mustard with leaves different shapes(smooth and wavy) and colors (from green to dark red). Young tender leaves, which are used as a green salad, are collected in a rosette, the height of which can reach up to 60 centimeters. With further development, the plant can grow up to 1-1.5 meters with the further development of peduncles and seed maturation.

Mustard leaf useful properties

Looking at this species leaf lettuce, you can see that it is actually very nutritious in terms of the presence of biologically significant nutrients. Green lettuce contains a significant amount of:

Vitamin A;

Vitamin K;

Vitamin C;

manganese;

It is slightly inferior in the content of vitamin E, vitamin B6, phosphorus, copper.

In addition to mineral and vitamin substances present in mustard:

Carbohydrates;

Alimentary fiber.

There is no fat in the leaves. It is found only in seeds, so the calorie content per 100 grams of greens is extremely low - only 27 calories.

All these nutrients are extremely beneficial for the human body and can serve as a disease prevention.

Dietary fiber lowers cholesterol levels by preventing its absorption in the intestines. They improve performance intestinal tract thereby preventing the occurrence of constipation and, as a result, hemorrhoids, colon cancer.

100 grams of mustard leaves contain as much as 257.5 micrograms of vitamin K. This is almost 215 percent of daily requirement body in this vitamin. In addition to blood clotting, this vitamin is important for bone tissue, plays a role in preserving brain neurons, protecting them from various damages. And this, in turn, can serve as a prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

Fresh lettuce contains several B vitamins, such as folic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, riboflavin, which are combined under one name - folates.

100 grams contains 3% of folic acid daily allowance adult person. Although not much, this water-soluble vitamin is important for DNA synthesis and cell division.

Fresh leaves are an excellent source of vitamin C. 100 grams of it contains 70 micrograms, or 117 percent of the daily value. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that provides protection against free radicals, viral diseases serves as a preventive measure against scurvy.

Not inferior in content and vitamin A, which in 100 grams contains 101 percent of the daily requirement of an adult. Vitamin A is also an antioxidant, an important nutrient that is essential for the maintenance of mucous membranes. The use of such products serves as a prevention of oral and lung cancer.

In addition to antioxidant vitamins, leaf mustard is a source of other antioxidant compounds, such as flavonoids, carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, indole, sulforaphane. According to scientific research indoles (aromatic substances) and sulforaphane can be the prevention of cancer of the prostate, breast, colon, ovaries. They can inhibit growth cancer cells, exerting a cytotoxic (damaging) effect on them.

mustard leaf benefits

The use of lettuce will be useful for the prevention of:

Cardiovascular diseases;

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

obesity;

osteoporosis;

iron deficiency anemia.

It is useful to include it in your menu when losing weight, as it has no calories, but a lot of nutrients, which are sometimes not enough with a limited diet.

Mustard greens are great for cleansing the liver as the leaves are high in chlorophyll. Chlorophyll has the ability to literally pull toxins out of the blood, neutralize the action heavy metals, chemical substances, pesticides. It may play a significant role in cancer prevention.

The liver uses cholesterol to make bile acids, which are needed to break down fats. While the liver is producing primary bile acids, intestines form secondary bile acids.

Bile is needed for the digestion of fats, otherwise we will all suffer from constipation. However, it must be in a certain balance in the body. People with high cholesterol either produce little bile or have difficulty converting cholesterol into bile. This may be due to a high intake of fatty foods and insufficient consumption of dark greens, or a violation of the liver and intestines.

Eating green leafy salads like mustard and other greens helps the liver produce enough bile, thus lowering bad cholesterol levels. Recent studies show that mustard's cholesterol-lowering ability is greater when steamed compared to fresh herbs.

How to choose and store mustard leaf

Mustard as a salad plant is easy to grow even at home. But if this is not possible, then when buying on the market, first of all, you need to pay attention to the freshness of the leaves. They must be evenly colored, without light or dark spots, traces of damage. Light or yellow leaves may indicate that they have been collected for a long time. There is no benefit in this salad.

Lettuce should be stored in the refrigerator for no more than three days. It is better to wash the leaves immediately, dry them and transfer them to a container with a lid. In general, any fresh herbs are best consumed immediately. Then you can get the maximum amount of useful nutrients.

Mustard leaf use in cooking

Mustard is grown in many countries as a salad plant and is used to obtain seeds from which mustard oil is used for other purposes.

Mustard oil is considered one of the best vegetable oils and is used in cooking, in canning, baking production. It is also added in the production of some types of margarine.

There are many ways to use mustard greens. Each country has its own unique ways of incorporating this nutritious, healthy green salad into a variety of dishes. For example, in Africa, mustard greens are added to fish. In India, it is pickled. Leaves are added to rice, served with toasted bread.

Wash the leaves well before cooking. cold water to remove sand and other debris. Then place them in salt water for at least half an hour. This technique will help remove pesticides and other harmful substances. Then cut off the petioles of the leaves.

Fresh greens can be added to a salad with other green leafy salads: spinach, fenugreek, and more. You can add garlic, onion, tomatoes, red pepper to it.

It goes well with cucumbers, apple, ginger, lemon, cabbage. It is served with meat dishes of beef, chicken and other poultry, bacon, pork. Mustard is added to soups and green borscht. Lots of options. The spicy taste of mustard combined with the more moderate flavor and aroma of other vegetables and salads can give a dish a balanced flavor. Not everyone likes mustard precisely because of its spicy-spicy taste. Compared to other green salads, it is more spicy. To soften its taste, you can add greens with a mild or neutral taste.

Instead of boiling, the leaves are best roasted or steamed.

Mustard leaf contraindications and harm

Like spinach, reheating cooked mustard can cause nitrates to convert to nitrites and nitrosamines. This may be harmful to health.

Mustard should be avoided by people who are taking blood thinning medications, as it increases the concentration of vitamin K.

Like spinach, mustard leaves contain oxalic acid, which can crystallize as oxalate stones. People who suffer from kidney or bladder stones should avoid its use.

What are useful and harmful green leafy salads

Vendanny - Dec 15th, 2015

Mustard has long earned a respectful attitude on the part of mankind. She became one of the most worthy seasonings in the vast sea of ​​spices. The long range of vitamins and useful components contained in it increases appetite and actively helps digestive system digest fatty foods.

In history, the mention of mustard dates back to 3000 BC and it happened in India, in whose cuisine mustard seeds were already used then. But one of the first popular recipes today dates back to the 40s of our era. In the 9th century, the production of mustard in France became very popular. To put it in a modern way, it was one of the main "businesses", bringing good income. In those days, mustard was sold by weight and became more and more popular in kitchens.

Mustard includes some types of annuals. herbaceous plants cruciferous family. Most often, only seeds are used, which are ground into powder and mixed with water and other spices.

As mentioned above, mustard contains a number of vitamin A groups (prevents visual impairment, fights dermatological problems), B (positively affects work nervous system, soothes, improves mood), D (strengthens bone tissue) and E (preserves youth, helps smooth wrinkles, fights ailments in the cardiovascular system), contains components such as Fe (iron), K (potassium) and P (phosphorus).

When mustard powder comes into contact with water, a light yellow slurry with a spicy taste and pungent odor is formed. And mustard essential oil, which is contained in seeds up to 47%, is widely used in cooking for canning.

Due to its composition, mustard has found wide application in cooking. It is used as a seasoning and flavoring for hot and cold dishes, especially for sausages and fatty meat. It successfully extends the shelf life of products. It is used as one of the important ingredients in spicy sauces and dressings. Mustard blends perfectly with honey and acts as an excellent emulsifier, it prevents the release of juice and gives a deep flavor. Therefore, before baking, it covers both meat and fish dishes. If you want to get juicy meat - add mustard, even a small amount will have a positive effect on the frying process, if you want to make the salad more vitamin - add young mustard leaves.

Consider the benefits and harms of mustard for the human body and its use in traditional medicine.

The effect of mustard on the body is such that they awaken protective properties organism. With a cold, this is the number one help, it is used both internally and externally. With absence high temperature soar legs in mustard powder or apply mustard plasters to the chest. Thus, the condition is relieved with a strong cough and other unpleasant symptoms of a cold. When doing such procedures, it is important to be careful - excessive use of mustard lotions can lead to burns. In addition, mustard oil reduces the risk of oncology and cardiovascular diseases.

Perhaps one of the most important virtues of mustard is its aid to the stomach. Every fatty meat dish, especially fried meat, should be taken with mustard. She remarkably "settles" problems with any meat. With her, the most hearty dinner will never become a “night” problem.

But, like others useful plants, mustard has contraindications. It is categorically contraindicated in ulcers and gastritis. You should not worsen stomach problems, you just need to abandon its internal use. Also, the use of mustard is not advisable before bedtime ( internal application), because it acts as a stimulant and can contribute to insomnia.

In a word, the main thing to remember is that everything needs a measure. If you follow this rule, then the benefit will never turn into harm.

The composition of mustard gives it the opportunity to take its rightful place among the so-called "home cosmetics". Today, a wide variety of expensive store creams filled our house and cosmetic bags, and the properties of mustard, suitable for use in cosmetology, have undeservedly faded into the background. But in vain, because mustard is affordable and can easily help you achieve great results in the fight for perfect skin and a slender figure. Contained in mustard fatty acid, favorably affect the metabolism, which helps with the loss of extra pounds. It has rejuvenating properties. Her fans have long been convinced that mustard improves skin color, eliminates oily sheen, and helps in the fight against cellulite.

With mustard, as with every drug, a test should be done before use to detect allergic reactions. After hammering the mustard mask, you need to apply a small amount of it on the inner (tender part) side of the hand and wait a couple of minutes. Allergy is not revealed - feel free to proceed to the procedures. Let's consider some of them.

1. The most common way to put your face in order.

For a mustard mask you will need:

1 teaspoon mustard powder;

1 tablespoon of water;

2 tablespoons olive oil (warm up slightly).

Dissolve all components. Apply to the face, avoiding the area around the eyes and lips. Leave on for 5 minutes and rinse with warm water. Repeat the procedure weekly: 1 mask per week, but no more than 10 masks in a row.

2. Lightly lubricate the cleansed skin of the face olive oil. Dilute a tablespoon of the powder in a glass of water, apply to a cotton towel and place on the face. Place an additional terry towel on top to create a "bath" effect. Withstand 5 minutes. Wash off with warm water.

3. When fighting cellulite, you should also turn to mustard for help. Wraps with its use are a huge success.

We combine mustard powder with honey in a ratio of 2: 3. Apply to problem areas and carefully massage with a massager. If there is none, then just by hand. We put cling film or cellophane and wrap ourselves in a warm blanket. After half an hour we accept warm shower. Wraps should be done no more than every 1-3 days for a month.

ATTENTION: such a wrap is contraindicated for people suffering from varicose veins!

We conclude the video post from which you will learn why mustard is called the flower of happiness and health.

This video contains information about beneficial features leaf mustard, about which we did not write in the article.