Cherry diseases and pests: description and protective measures. Cherry diseases (description with photos and methods of treatment) Cherry leaves turn red in summer

Sweet cherries do not belong to a number of “plant and forget” crops. With the advent of spring, it is required to pay increased attention to the shoots and foliage. When spots, plaque, discoloration or other modification appear, diagnostics are carried out with subsequent treatment. To correctly identify the disease, it is recommended to study their description and photo.

Description of brown spot

Covering the leaf with brown small spots with narrow dark rims is characteristic of the disease. The places where the spots are located dry out and turn into holes. Small black dots are visible close to the affected areas. With the progression of the disease, the foliage dries out and crumbles.

To prevent the spread of spotting throughout the crown, the affected branches are removed. The shoot cuts are treated with a solution of copper sulphate, in a ratio of 50 g per 5 liters of water. As a folk remedy, sorrel leaves are used, they are rubbed. The tree and the soil under it are treated with a solution of nitrofen. All measures are taken before the appearance of the ovary.

Spraying with a solution of Bordeaux liquid with water can be used, in a ratio of 50 g per 5 liters of water. In order to prevent foliage burns, it is recommended to process the control branch, after a few days visually assess its condition. If there are no burns, the crown is processed.

In autumn, after the leaves fall, a control treatment is carried out.

Signs of perforated spotting

All parts of the plant fall into the affected area. The spots are similar to those that cause brown spotting, the color of the border is different - it is darker, almost black. If there are fruits on the tree, then they dry out very quickly, the foliage is subject to fall off, and the shoots die off.

When the disease attacks a part of the shoot, then it must be removed, the saw cuts should be treated with a solution of copper sulfate, according to the above recipe. Carry out activities similar to the treatment of brown spotting. All fallen leaves are removed from the site, because it can be a carrier of fungal spores. The soil is deeply dug up, and the affected leaves remaining on the branches are cut off.

Signs of a false tinder fungus

The presence of the disease is characterized by damage to the trunk. It dries out, becomes vulnerable and brittle. May break. The tinder fungus is manifested by the formation of a mushroom-shaped growth of a brownish color. Localized at the base of the trunks.

To exclude the appearance of tinder fungus, tree trunks are whitened slaked lime Twice a year. Choose varieties adapted to your region. Fertilize at least once a season. Places of saw cuts after sanitary pruning are treated with disinfectant mixtures. Disinfected with a three percent solution of vitriol. In case of damage to the trunk, it is better to uproot the tree, and process those growing nearby. If this is not possible, for example, when it is too large, then it is recommended to constantly remove the growths.

The tinder fungus may have other shapes and colors. As well as false, sulphurous yellow affects lignified shoots and trunks. The core undergoes rot, in the cracks of which spores of the fungus are formed. In the places of the fault, a mushroom-like growth, of a yellowish tint, grows. You need to deal with tinder fungi using the same methods.

Moniliosis or gray rot

Characterized by darkening on the shoots, similar to burns. The fruits are covered with gray growths, they can rot. Its difference is in the random arrangement of plaque, in contrast, for example, from fruit rot, where a similar plaque is located in circles of the correct shape.

To overcome the disease, the affected branches are removed with fruits. The garden is treated with Bordeaux liquid or blue vitriol.

Preventive whitewashing of trunks, treatment of ants and caterpillars are carried out annually.

Berries from such a tree are not suitable for eating.

Unexpected death of branches

Without visible reasons, the branch sheds foliage and dries out. Later, pinkish wart-like bulges appear on the surface of the cortex, small size. The location is chaotic, they can be localized at one point, or, on the contrary, dispersed throughout the branch. Such shoots are to be removed, the cuts are processed with garden pitches.

coccomycosis

It is characterized by the appearance of small reddish dots on the leaf plate, and the underside is covered with a pinkish growth. The growth becomes brown and dries out. The disease spreads rapidly where there is high humidity.

Shoots affected by coccomycosis are cut down and removed from the site, along with the fruits. At the beginning of the next season in early spring spraying with a solution iron sulphate. (150 g per 5 liters of water). After the end of the flowering stage, at the time of fruit formation, it is recommended to use Horus, according to the instructions. Repeat after three weeks.

cherry scab

Differs in twisting of leaves. After, there are dark spots. Fruits that are not yet ripe rot and fall off. The methods of struggle are similar to those described above. The soil around the tree is dug up, the trunk is whitened, and the fallen leaves are removed. In spring and autumn, copper chloride is sprayed at the rate of 20 g per 5 liters of water.

white rust

A disease of fungal origin. It is characterized by falling greenery in the middle of summer. After infection, the plant becomes weakened, losing its frost resistance. With a high degree of probability, in the spring it will need to be uprooted.

If you notice that in the summer for no reason a tree sheds leaves, then it must be urgently collected, taken out of the garden, it is better to burn it. Drying shoots cut off. Prepare a mixture of Bordeaux liquid with water, lubricate the sections and spray the crown.

On the initial stage the disease can be cured. When the moment is lost, most likely, all attempts will fail.

Mosaic

A disease of viral origin. The leaves are covered yellow stripes, which are located longitudinally. The sheet plate is twisted, as with. After, they turn brown and fall off. The whole tree is weakening.

At the first suspicion of a mosaic, it is better to immediately uproot the diseased plant so as not to lose the entire garden. The treatment will not be effective. It makes sense to carry out preventive work. Treat the garden from insects that are carriers of many diseases. Timely conduct sanitary.

Mosaic ringing

Ring-shaped patterns of greenish hues appear. Clearly visible when looking at the light. Inside the rings, the sheet dries out, the fabric spills out. Symptoms of infection can persist for up to two seasons without leading to death, later become more active and destroy the plant for a short time. The virus leaves no chance for the gardener to overcome it, therefore, without wasting time, it is recommended to get rid of the focus of the disease.

Gum treatment

Cherries are more susceptible to disease than others. The tree actively grows in width, the trunk thickens, as a result of this there are enzymatic transformations, which leads to the formation of gum.

At risk, plants with dead shoots in winter, suffering from other diseases in the past, growing in excessively wet or acidic soils.

There is only one symptom - the release of a glue-like liquid from the trunks, which subsequently solidifies, resembling amber.

Coat cuts with petrolatum. The areas of gum secretion must be disinfected with a solution of copper sulphate, then rubbed with fresh sorrel leaves several times during the day. A few more holes are made next to the places of secretions.

In general, the control measures for many diseases are similar. Remove weeds, dig up the soil around, eliminate insects in time, whiten the trunks - that's all you need to do so that the cherry is always healthy!

Many cherry diseases occur regardless of variety and age. The greatest damage to crops stone fruit trees carry fungal diseases that can cause not only significant damage to the crop, but also lead to the death of cherries.

If you are serious about growing cherries, or if similar trees grow in your garden, whose fruits you like to use, then remember that without care and regular processing, cherries will constantly get sick.

Timely detection of symptoms of damage, carrying out the necessary therapeutic and preventive measures can save the tree and eventually normalize the yield.

What affects the soreness of cherries?

The health of cherry trees is based on the following rules for caring for them:

• correct and timely watering;
• top dressing;
• pruning.

There are factors that reduce the protective ability of trees, which greatly increases the chance of disease.

As we can see, do without innovative means care is incredibly difficult. Cherry trees are actually not able to independently suppress all pathogenic factors that can threaten their full growth and development.

coccomycosis

Coccomycosis is a type of fungal disease that affects not only cherry leaves, but also berries, branches and petioles. This ailment has not previously been found in Russia, but was successfully brought here from Scandinavia.

A complete and informative description of the fungus was obtained by breeders quite recently. It was possible to find out that cocommycosis, according to statistics, is most common in all fruit-bearing trees growing in southern latitudes.

All varieties of cherries suffer from a similar problem, except for felt cherries, as well as some hybrid species.

Reasons for the appearance

The causative agent of coccomycosis lives in fallen leaves. The peak of infection activity occurs in the spring, when the air warms up quite strongly (up to 20 degrees).

During this period, spores of coccomycosis awaken and spread throughout the tree, affecting its bark and actively multiplying. The fungus is extremely fond of moisture, so the disease begins to spread most often from the lower branches of trees.

It should be noted that coccomycosis spores can affect other healthy trees. Due to gusts of wind, the infection is well tolerated and fixed on the bark of another plant.

signs

Active signs of the disease begin to appear in the summer. They include the following symptoms:

1. Brown and red spots of a round shape begin to appear on the leaf plates of the cherry.
2. The spots of lesions begin to grow rapidly, gradually changing their color to darker shades.
3. Foci with a pinkish-pale coating appear on the leaves - this is how spores of coccomycosis look like.
4. By the beginning of summer, the leaves on the cherry begin to fall off rapidly.

Thus, the “summer” cherry leaf fall caused by coccomycosis leads to the fact that the tree meets the first cold weather unprepared. Consequently, protective properties fall and the tree begins to die.

Treatment

The fungus coccomycosis overwinters in the fallen leaves of cherries. Thus, it is necessary to start the fight with the fact that the leaves need to be burned, the fallen branches destroyed, and the soil around the tree carefully dug up.

For the treatment of coccomycosis, 3 simple sprays are used:

1. The first spraying is carried out in the spring at the moment when the cherry buds are just beginning to bloom. To do this, take 1% Bordeaux liquid 40 grams and 10 liters of water.
2. The second spraying is done after the fall of the inflorescences. For processing, it is necessary to take copper oxychloride 0.4% 40 grams and dilute in 10 liters of water.
3. The third spraying is carried out after harvest. The procedure is also carried out by using copper oxychloride.

Moniliosis

This disease is referred to as monilial burn. The fungus infects the branches and leaves of the cherry tree in such a way that they look as if they were burnt. The disease spreads, thanks to the wind, moving from a diseased tree to a healthy one.

The infection loves cool weather and perfectly retains its pathogenic abilities even in severe frosts. So, moniliosis, as it progresses, affects flowers, leaves, branches and cherry bark.

Reasons for the appearance

The appearance of the fungus occurs spontaneously. Yes, your cherry trees can "burn out" due to the disease of trees growing in neighboring areas.

signs

The manifestation of the fungus moniliosis is difficult to confuse with anything else. The disease looks like this:

1. There is a wilting of buds, young branches.
2. The tree looks burnt.
3. The bark of the cherry begins to become covered with growths of gray.
4. Dense growths begin to appear on the fruits.
5. Cracks form on large branches.
6. Cherry berries dry out and fall off.

Treatment

Treatment in the form of sprays in the case of moniliosis is not enough. Since the fungus tolerates winter well, transferring low temperatures, then it is extremely important to get rid of it completely.

To do this, you need to remove all the affected parts of the tree, carefully removing all the branches with an additional grip of 10 centimeters. All affected fruits and branches must be burned.

In the spring, just before bud break, the trees and the soil around them should be sprayed with 3% ferrous sulfate 300 grams per 10 liters of water. Prevention of the disease consists in the fight against pests and reappearance fungus.

Also, it is extremely important to carefully harvest, avoiding breakage of branches. Only such methods of treatment and timely prevention can save the tree.

Scab

Scab is a specific type of fungus that is not at all destructive to trees, but at the same time completely destroys the crop. The complete absence of preventive measures when growing fruit trees can lead to infection.

Reasons for the appearance

Scab fungus lives in the fallen leaves of trees. It tolerates winter well and begins to act actively with the onset of warming. The infection most often affects those trees that are not properly cared for.

signs

Scab can affect not only cherry trees. It affects apple trees, pears and even grapes. the disease looks like this:

1. Small spots of bright yellow color appear on cherry leaves.
2. Over time, the lesions begin to spread over the leaf and darken.
3. Cracks appear on the fruits of the cherry.
4. Green berries stop developing, shrivel and fall off the branches.

Treatment

When cherries are damaged by scab, its fruits become unsuitable for food. To get rid of fungi, the following series of measures should be carried out.

The fight against them begins as follows:

• destroy all fallen leaves;
• dig up the soil;
• pruning extra branches and forming a crown.

AT without fail cherries must be processed by any chemical preparation. Copper oxychloride is optimal for treatment. It is necessary to take 80 grams per 10 liters of water. After harvesting, the trees should be sprayed with 1% Bordeaux mixture. It will be enough to take 30 grams of funds for a bucket of water.

Anthracnose

This disease of the cherry tree is also a fungal disease. It affects not the tree itself, but its fruits and often goes unnoticed until the harvest.

It was then that gardeners pay attention to the fact that most of the berries died. Usually, in order to detect anthracnose in a timely manner, gardeners have to carefully examine each berry, which is quite difficult and time consuming.

Reasons for the appearance

Anthracnose is caused by a fungus. The fungus is activated in dry weather and leads to drying of the fruit. In wet and windy weather, the fungus scatters over long distances and can affect the fruits of nearby cherry trees. In such situations, gardeners can lose up to 80% of the entire crop.

signs

Signs that cherries have suffered from anthracnose are as follows:

1. Small white dots begin to appear on the fruits.
2. Over time, pale pink bulges appear on the berries.
3. The fruits become mummified, turn black and fall off the tree.

Treatment

It is better to start treating a tree when the first signs of an illness are detected. This requires spraying the tree with a contact fungicide Poliram. Usually, 3 treatments are carried out. The first and second - before and after flowering, the third - 15 days after the last. The expense is quite small. So, for processing cherries you will need 0.15-0.25 mg. drug per 1 sq.m.

perforated spotting

This ailment of cherry trees is also referred to as clasterosporiasis. It is a rather complex fungal infection, as it can affect all tree structures at once.

Reasons for the appearance

The cause of perforated spotting is a fungus. Its spread is facilitated by a moderately warm period of summer weather, with temperatures ranging from +19 to +26 ° C, as well as high humidity.

The main source of distribution of the fungus is wood. There, this pathogenic microorganism can hibernate and wait for warm weather to search for a new habitat. Perforated spotting with insects, wind and rain spreads.

signs

The symptoms of this cherry tree disease are severe:

1. Buds, flowers, leaves, fruits, ovaries, shoots are affected.
2. The main signs of the disease appear on the leaves of the tree.
3. Colored red, brown, raspberry, purple round spots appear on the leaves.
4. Holes with a border are formed on the leaves.
5. Ulceration appears on the fruits.
6. The affected parts of the berries shrivel to the bone.

Treatment

Measures to treat the tree are quite radical. It is required to cut and burn all affected areas. Cherries are sprayed with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture. For processing, 100 ml will be required. liquids per 10 liters of water. All signs of vegetation are destroyed around the trunk, and the soil is dug up.

Gum treatment

Gum disease or gommosis is a problem that is often ignored. The disease almost never appears on its own and, developing, it pushes the gardener to the fact that its cause lies in another, more serious disease of the tree.

Reasons for the appearance

This problem appears due to damage to the bark of a tree, sunburn, severe frosts or fungal diseases. But these reasons are secondary and almost never cause a strong gum disease.

most common cause gommosis is another disease, often of a fungal nature. It is also worth noting such causes of gummosis as damage to the integrity of the trunk or branches of a tree, as well as improper pruning and overloading of branches with fruits.

signs

This disease manifests itself as follows:

• The appearance on the trunk or branches of clots of light, transparent resin.
• The constant flow of tree sap and the formation of new sticky resin buds.
• Gradual drying of individual branches or the entire tree.

Treatment

Best of all, with gommosis, timely prevention and treatment of wounds with a 1% solution of copper sulphate helps. To prepare the correct solution, you need to take 100 grams of the substance and mix it with 10 liters of water. Also, for the purpose of prevention, spring whitewash tree trunk - stem. Branches with severe damage are cut down and burned.

What measures should be taken so that the trees do not get sick?

There are no cherry varieties that are completely disease resistant. Lack of care, climatic conditions and more can weaken the plant. That is why preventive measures are very important and you need to take care of them in advance.

To avoid mechanical damage, you need:

• timely remove old, rotten and overgrown branches;
• wounds need to be treated with garden pitch;
• carry out whitewashing of the trunk.

To avoid deficiency of moisture and trace elements, it is required to carry out autumn top dressing:

• manure;
• superphosphate solution with water;
• solution of potassium chloride with water.

For comprehensive protection trees require fungicide treatment. This requires spraying:

1. In the spring - a solution of water and soap.
2. In the summer - a solution of iron sulphate.
3. After harvesting - Bordeaux liquid 1%.

To minimize the risk of developing a variety of tree ailments, you need to follow the following rules:

1. Plant residues must be promptly and completely removed.
2. Remove weeds and dig up the site every year.
3. A dense crown needs to be thinned out.
4. Between plants must be the correct distance.

Complete prevention of cherry diseases guarantees the preservation of not only the harvest, but also the tree itself. Careful attention to own garden can prevent the epidemic of fungal diseases in time.

Despite the popular belief that fungicides are dangerous chemicals, every gardener knows that you can't do without them. The reason for this is a fairly wide variety of aggressive fungal diseases of trees, as well as other pests, with which even the most stable and healthy tree unable to cope on their own.

" Cherry

Successful cultivation and the longevity of the cherry is possible only with the absolute health of the tree. Throughout life, a fruit tree is threatened by a variety of diseases or physiological disorders during internal organs. Often such phenomena become a real problem, the trees stop bearing fruit, dry out and simply die in the future. This happens even with the toughest trees. In this article, we will understand why such troubles happen, get acquainted with possible diseases cherries which to hold preventive actions and how to treat affected trees.

Cherry is one of the most disease-resistant crops among fruit trees. These indicators have decreased significantly, and the main reasons for this were the emergence of new types of fungal diseases and natural disasters.

The cause of the spread of the disease may be non-compliance with prevention and farming rules.. Decaying plant residues, improper crop rotation, mass spread of pests, lack of fungicide treatment, contributing to the epidemic of the entire area.

Most often cherries are affected by diseases:

• perforated spotting,
• coccomycosis,
• Monilioz,
• anthracnose,
• gum treatment,
• Rust,
• Scab,
• Root cancer.

Common reasons for the lack of fruiting, even with abundant flowering cherries become dangerous diseases: coccomycosis and moniliosis. These diseases can also affect others. fruit trees your garden: cherry, apricot, plum and others.

To give the tree timely help, protect yourself from loss of crop and possibly the plant itself, you need to constantly inspect it. Many diseases can be recognized by short time when the damage done to the cherry is minimal. How to do this, you can learn from this article.

Perforated spotting (clasterosporiasis)

This is fungal disease, affecting all structures of the tree.

• Signs of clasterosporiasis. The formation on the leaves is light brown spots with a red-brown border. Affected tissues die and fall out. Ragged holes form on the sheet. Shoots are covered with cracking spots, from which gum flows. The kidneys become black and shiny.
• Treatment. Pruning and burning of all affected areas of the tree. Spraying cherries and the near-stem circle with 3% Bordeaux liquid. Digging and complete destruction plant residues in the circumferential circle. With a strong lesion, the procedure is repeated after a week. Treatment of gum wounds.
• Effects. Premature fall of leaves, shoots and branches. Drying of fruits, loss of commercial quality.

Coccomycosis: ways to deal with the fungus

This fungal disease is mainly formed on the leaves, rarely affects the berries. This disease is inherent in trees growing both in the suburbs and in other regions of Russia.

• signs. At the beginning of the disease, small red dots appear on the leaf, as the disease progresses, they become big sizes and gradually merge with each other. At high humidity a pink bloom forms on the underside of the leaf. Lack of treatment leads to browning and necrosis, dead tissue falls off, and lacerations form on the leaves.
• What to do. In autumn (after leaf fall) and spring (before bud break), treat with 4% Bordeaux mixture. Pruning and destruction of affected areas.
• Effects. Premature leaf fall, depletion and death of the tree, crop loss.

Moniliosis or gray rot

This is a fungal disease, which is also called monilial burn. Cherry becomes infected with moniliosis when the tree begins to bloom, through damage to the bark.

• signs. In the wet and warm season, petioles and bottom surface leaves form small pustules white color, which look like branched chains. The spores of the fungus are carried by wind and insects on the surface of the fruit, forming on them brown spots, which gradually spread over the entire surface. After another 10 days, yellowish cushions (sporodochia) form on the surface of the fetus. The affected fruits fall off or remain on the branches of the cherry, where the spores of the fungus overwinter and, when the air temperature is above + 15 °, begin their development.
• Treatment. All plant waste near the tree is collected and burned. Cherry branches are cut 10 cm below the level of the lesion, the bark is cleaned to healthy tissue. Cherries are treated with fungicides, the main preparations are: Azocen, Topsin, Horus (15 g / 10 l).
• Effects. Lack of fruiting, gradual death of the tree, an epidemic on the site.

Getting rid of moniliosis is not easy, so fungicide treatment must be carried out repeatedly, cutting off the affected areas as they appear and burning all plant waste.

Anthracnose - a disease of berries, how to treat

This fungal disease most often affects cherry fruits and goes unnoticed for a long time.

• signs. At the beginning of the lesion, dull dots appear on the fruit, gradually expanding into pale pink bulges. At low humidity, the fruits of the cherry mummify, turn black and fall off.
• Treatment. Spraying cherries with contact fungicide Poliram. Processing is carried out before and after flowering, and the third after 15 days.
• Effects. Drying of shoots, yield loss up to 80%.

Gum therapy (gommosis)

Appears after mechanical damage to the bark, frostbite, sunburn or fungal diseases.

• signs. Isolation from wood damage thick colorless or brown resin - gum.
• Treatment. Disinfection of wounds with 1% solution of copper sulphate, treatment with garden pitch. Affected branches are cut and burned. Whitewashing the bole with lime in spring and autumn.
• Effects. Weakening of the tree, reduced productivity, dying off of branches.

Rust is a leaf disease

A fungal disease that affects cherry leaves. The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Gymnosporangium sabinae, the host, which is juniper, and the intermediate is pear.

• signs. At the beginning of the disease, small greenish-yellow spots form on the leaves, which gradually increase and the affected tissues swell. A few days after the first signs appear, a powdery coating forms on the leaf surface, which gradually darkens.
• Treatment. Spraying cherries before bud break with 5% Bordeaux liquid, re-spraying with 1% drug before flowering. Destruction of plant debris and affected leaves.
• Effects. Reduced fruiting and winter hardiness, leaf fall.

Re-planting plum crops in place of the affected plant is possible only after 2-3 years. You need to carefully look at the coniferous crops on the site, which can be sources of rust.

Scab, what measures to take?

A fungal disease that damages the leaves and fruits of cherries.

• signs. After the defeat of the cherry by the spores of the pathogen, brown-olive spots with a velvety surface appear on the leaves. Yellow circles are blurring around the spot. Gradually, the spores of the fungus pass to the fruits, cracks form on them. Unripe green fruits stop developing.
• Treatment. Spraying cherries and the near-stem circle with Nitrafen before buds open. After that, you need to do three treatments with 1% Bordeaux liquid: during bud break, after flowering, after harvest. If necessary, repeat the procedure.
• Effects. Harvest loss.

Root cancer, what to do?

This is a bacterial infection of the roots that appears through infected soil.

• signs. The appearance on the root neck, main and lateral roots of tumor growths - galls. At the beginning of the disease, the growths are small, soft and with a smooth surface. As the disease progresses, they increase in size, acquire a hard and bumpy surface. In autumn, the growths are destroyed.
• Treatment. Two treatments of cherries with a 3% solution of ferrous sulfate: before and after the growing season.
• Effects. Plant nutrition deficiency, impaired sap flow, reduced productivity and disease resistance.

A thorough inspection is required before boarding. planting material. If tumor-like growths are found, the affected areas are cut off to healthy tissue, the roots are treated with a 1% solution of copper sulphate.

Prevention of cherry diseases

Despite the fact that some varieties of cherries are characterized by resistance to certain diseases, this is a relative concept. The lack of preventive work, violation of the agricultural technology of the crop, adverse climatic conditions in the aggregate weaken the plant, and the defeat will still occur. Therefore, you need to take care of this in advance.

Mechanical damage

If the cherry's protective covers are damaged, and this happens when the branches break, the leaves break, frost cracks, cuts in the bark, the risk of damage increases. Damage to roots by rodents contributes to the development of root cancer, which can enter the tree structure through vectors or from affected soil.

Events:

• timely pruning and removal of old, rotten and overgrown branches;
• treatment of wounds with garden pitch;
• protection of cherries in winter from rodents;
• whitewashing the bole with lime from frost cracks.

When planting cherries, it is important to prevent possible blowing of the site by squally winds.

Deficiency of trace elements and moisture

The massive spread of fungal and bacterial infections contributes to climate change. Constant temperature fluctuations between cold and heat create a favorable environment for the development of microorganisms. In a weak and unprepared tree, the chances of resisting the onslaught of fungi and bacteria are very low.

Therefore, autumn top dressing is mandatory. How much fertilizer to apply? Based on 1m 2, the following is added to the circumferential circle:

• manure (5 kg) or an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (150 g / 10 l);
• aqueous solution of superphosphate (300 g / 10 l).

In the absence of rain, water-charging irrigation is carried out at least 18 buckets of water under each tree.

Fungicide protection

Preventive treatment with fungicides should be carried out three times a year.. In the spring before bud break, to suppress spores and bacteria that have overwintered in tree structures. During flowering to consolidate the result. In autumn, to minimize the activity of microorganisms during temperature changes.

To do this, the cherry is sprayed:

• spring a solution of copper sulfate, soap and water (300g / 50g / 10l);
• summer aqueous solution iron sulphate (30 g / 10 l);
• after harvest 1% Bordeaux liquid.

Additional protection for the tree can be created by adding blue vitriol to lime mixture for whitewashing the trunk.

To minimize the risk of developing diseases, every year you need to follow the rules, these are:

• complete removal of plant debris from the site;
• trunk cleaning trees from exfoliated bark, layers of moss and lichens;
• digging plot, removal of weeds;
• thinning thickened crown;
• right neighborhood and distance between plants.

The lack of prevention in at least one gardening area contributes to the spread of pests that are carriers of bacteria. Besides, mass defeat cherry insects greatly deplete the plant. This can be prevented only with complete control over the number of pests.

Leaf fall in July or August, causes of tree disease

Gardeners often ask the question: “Why did the cherry shed its leaves in July or August?” And the reason for this is a fungal disease.

After the wet spring that succeeds rainy summer, in orchard you can see a completely atypical picture: the leaves have fallen, and on the bare branches ripening fruits of cherries. This happens in the second decade of July. The leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the fruits on such trees become smaller and mummified, which leads to a complete or partial loss of the crop.

The culprit of the pathological phenomenon is coccomycosis, with which the tree was affected in the previous season. Further, the development of spores of the fungus was facilitated by the absence of severe frosts, so the infection overwintered well and, after warming to + 15 °, began to actively multiply spores.

When affected by coccomycosis, the cherry does not die, but is greatly weakened before winter. Every phase life cycle wood has its meaning. At the beginning of the growing season, the roots of the tree provide nutrition for fruit set and leaf growth. And after fruiting and before leaf fall, the leaves provide the roots and structures of the tree with nutrients for the winter season.

So, when the leaves are shed from the tree in July, the cherry cannot properly prepare for the dormant period. After surviving several such winters, the tree gradually dies.

Therapeutic measures should be started immediately after the discovery of the lesion. Might have to remove most skeletal branches, carry out several treatments according to the recommended scheme, but without these measures it is not possible to get rid of coccomycosis.

The fight against cherry diseases will be successful if you know everything well weak sides infections. These are dryness, sunlight, cleanliness and fungicide treatment. Maintaining such conditions is not difficult and does not take much time. And lay healthy foundation it is possible already when planting cherries, avoiding low-lying areas with stagnant moisture and fog.

For the garden to bring good and bountiful harvest, must be carefully monitored. This is especially true of fruit trees, including cherries. Knowing the main cherry diseases and their treatment, you can not only save the tree and crop from adversity, but also protect other plantings. Below we will analyze in detail the main diseases of cherries and exact description their treatment.

Diseases of felt cherries and other varieties of this crop are different. And the most insidious of them is coccomycosis. The causative agent of the disease is the fungus Coccomyces hiemalis. Its appearance is facilitated by a prolonged humid period with air temperatures in the range of + 20-24 degrees.

Symptoms of the disease are:

• the appearance of red or brown spots on the front side of the sheet;
• gradually the spots begin to dry from the inside;
• on the back side the leaf develops a pink bloom;
• the leaves begin to die and the branches become bare.

Due to the fact that the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves in the form of pathology sheet plate, many consider coccomycosis to be a leaf disease. However, due to the loss of most of the crown, the entire tree suffers. In the presence of such symptoms, it is important to do the right thing: burn all the fallen leaves, and spray the cherries with Bordeaux liquid, systemic fungicides or a solution of iron sulphate.

Moniliosis (monilial burn) affects fruit trees in the Urals, Siberia, Kuban and Chernozem. But the disease is also characteristic of the Moscow region. Its causative agent is also a fungus, but already Monilia cinerea. It is worth noting that cherry anthracnose also causes a fungal pathogen.

In the case of moniliosis, plant damage occurs during the flowering period. The onset of the disease is similar to the consequence of frost: the leaves dry and become stained. Re-infection of trees occurs through the fruit. The berries are mummified and dry.

For treatment, it is necessary to burn all the foliage, felt and fruits, as well as process the tree ( felt cherry or any other kind) by special means- copper-containing fungicides (for example, "Kuprozanom").

Clusterosporiasis

Cherry diseases are varied. Clusterosporiasis carries a great danger. This is also a fungal disease. Clusterosporiosis cherry affects leaves, flowers and shoots. Initially, the fungus leads to the appearance of brown spots, which dry out inside, leaving behind rounded holes. Cherries are also unlucky here - they develop poorly.

To save felt cherries and other varieties of this fruit crop, it is necessary to destroy all fallen leaves (it contains pathogens and pests of cherries), and the tree itself should be treated with Bordeaux liquid or complex action fungicides. Similarly, we fight rust and brown spotting.

Scab

Cherry diseases and the fight against them take a lot of energy from the gardener. After all, they are the main cause of poor harvest. Quite often there is such a disease of cherries as scab. When cherries are damaged by scab, dark spots appear on the leaves, which later begin to crack. Initially, the symptoms appear on the leaves, but then the lesions can be seen on the fruits. As a result, an infected cherry planting will give a minimal and poor-quality crop.

Scab treatment is similar to operations that are carried out when signs of ailments such as brown spot and miniliosis are found on cherries. However, depending on the severity of the disease in each individual case, it may be necessary to additional measures fight. Therefore, it is always important to know how to get rid of each specific disease most effectively.

Gommoz

Another disease of cherries and sweet cherries is gum disease or gummosis. Gum disease is a non-communicable disease that affects the ossicles. fruit crops. Gum disease develops as a result of sunburn or exposure to frost, violation of the rules for the use of fertilizers, mechanical damage to the bark. All these reasons serve as "gates" for the penetration of pests into the wood (caterpillars, midges, spider mite etc.) and pathogens. In this case, they are struggling with each problem separately, which worsens the overall result.

With gommosis, gum appears on the branches and trunk. Moreover, the gum has the form of drops. If such drops appear on the trunk, it is urgent to take therapeutic measures.

Gum disease is chronic and acute. Lack of treatment leads to the weakening of the tree and its death. So let's figure out how to deal with it.

To cure gommosis, it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning and properly form the crown. All mechanical damage and cuts are treated with garden pitch. And after that, the fight against pests and diseases that have developed as a result of gum treatment is organized. The tree itself should be sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate. As folk remedies effective manure-clay mixture (component ratio 1:1). The resulting solution covers the cracks in the bark.

As you can see, this disease is quite difficult to deal with, so it is best to carry out disease prevention. After all, pests and diseases are the main threat to your garden. Remember that cherry pests are the first to be dangerous, and the fight against them should be done as quickly as possible. Cherry pest control is most effective in the spring.

Preventive measures

Cherry care in spring and autumn involves the fight against pests and diseases. by the most best solution preventive procedures will be performed, which include several techniques:

For achievement maximum effect prophylaxis should be performed several times during the season. It is best to do it in spring, summer and autumn. In this way, plantings can be protected throughout the growing season.

Knowing what affects felt and other cherries, you can prevent the appearance of diseases and pests, which will allow you to collect a plentiful and high-quality harvest from trees for many years.

Video "Cherry diseases"

After watching this video, you will learn about the main diseases of cherries, their treatment and prevention.

For many peoples inhabiting ancient Eurasia, cherry was a cult tree, personifying a house, clan, tribe. According to botanists, as cultivated plant cherry in our area began to land about five - five and a half thousand years ago. It should be noted that a special attitude towards this tree has been preserved among the people to this day, it is difficult to find the owner land plot who, even on the smallest piece of land, would not find a place to plant cherries.

The most common cherry diseases and their control

Today gardeners grow about 150 different varieties cherries, unfortunately, to a greater or lesser extent, each of them is subject to specific diseases. Although the tree perfectly withstands harsh winters, drought, nutrient-poor soils, it cannot cope with diseases on its own. Cherry tree owners should keep this in mind and process the trees in a timely manner. You should carefully study what pests and garden diseases can threaten young and fruiting trees in your area.

Why do cherries dry

A tree can dry out for various reasons. Maybe it's just set too deep. Water entering during irrigation in this case can cause putrefactive processes in the horse's neck. If the cherry began to dry for this reason, it will not be possible to save it, but it is not difficult to prevent such a phenomenon - the tree should not be watered under the root, but in a furrow dug along the edges of the near-trunk circle.

Also, often the drying of a tree can occur when it is affected by a bark beetle. You can visually determine the presence of bark beetle by round holes on the branches and the presence of gum. Severely affected branches should be immediately cut down and burned, branches that are less affected can be saved.

It is necessary to fill the medical syringe with the BI-58 preparation and pour a small amount of it into each hole found on the branches. If the tree is young and healthy, then it is likely that it will survive and bear fruit. Trees severely affected by the pest will have to be removed.

Cherry moniliosis disease, symptoms and treatment

Often, with normal development at the beginning of the growing season and active flowering, the tree begins to dry out right before our eyes. Single branches can dry, sometimes the whole tree disappears. This cherry disease is called a monilial burn, the cause of its occurrence is pathogenic fungi. The affected tree looks as if flames have actually passed through it. This is the first symptom of the disease.

Over time you will see:

• the appearance on the bark of growths of a grayish color,
• rotting and falling fruits,
• the appearance of spots of gray rot on the fruits,
• the appearance of cracks and gums on tree branches,
• at the last stage, the branch dries up.

Having noticed such a phenomenon, the gardener must cut off all the affected parts of the branches, up to living tissues, collect leaves and fruits, and destroy them. Next, you need to treat the tree with one of the fungicides, a solution of Oleocuprite, Captan, Kuprozan. The use of Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride should be discarded - they can cause leaf burns. In order to cure trees, fungicide treatment will need to be repeated several times.

Experienced gardeners recommend not to wait until the tree gets sick, best option- this is a preventive treatment of cherries in the spring from diseases. It is prevention that will allow you not to worry about the trees during the season and get a full harvest from them.

Cherry disease coccomycosis

The first symptoms appear on the leaves - brown dots appear, over time they turn into spots. At the same time, the underside of the sheets is covered with fragments of a pinkish coating - fungal spores. Leaf fall on an infected tree occurs out of time, the plant goes into wintering unprepared. The death of the tree can occur after a few years, usually the plant does not survive the winter.

Naturally, the fungus infects the fruits, they change shape, become completely unsuitable for consumption.

• Bordeaux mixture (3%) - on blossoming leaves,
• at the end of the flowering period - with Topsin-m or a solution of oxychloride, you can use Skor,
• the time of the third spraying is at the end of the harvest, copper oxychloride or Bordeaux mixture is used.

How to deal with cherry diseases:

cherry leaf disease

A symptom of yellowing leaves during the growing season may indicate that the soil in the garden contains too little nitrogen or boron. With a lack of nitrogen, yellowness is first observed on the leaves of the lower shoots, in addition, the leaves become smaller and crumble prematurely. The lack of boron leads to yellowing of the leaves on the tops of the shoots, their deformation, reddening of the veins on the leaves. It is not difficult to get rid of this problem, it will be enough to apply the appropriate complex fertilizers.

Yellowing of the leaves, and subsequently the drying of the branches, can be observed with the previously considered moniliosis. In the same way, the cherry disease coccomycosis manifests itself, fungi become the cause that causes it, we talked about the methods of dealing with these diseases above.

Yellowing of the leaves can be observed if you water the tree incorrectly, or because the cherry has not tolerated it well. winter frosts. Ants can harm cherries, these pests of the garden should be dealt with carefully, large anthills near the trees will cause constant trouble.

It is impossible to allow tinder fungi or mushrooms to grow on the trunk of a cherry - mushrooms are likely to cause the death of the plant over time.

perforated spotting

If the summer is too humid, you can observe the appearance of brown spots with a more dark edging, which eventually turn into holes. The berries also become spotty, deformed and dry out. Cherry glue begins to stand out from the cracking bark on the shoots.

The fungus that causes perforated spotting overwinters on young branches or annual shoots.

To stop the disease you will need:

• be sure to remove all affected branches,
• carefully cover the cracks that have appeared on the bark with garden pitch,
• Falling leaves are removed from the site and disposed of by burning.

Processing wood with chemical reagents is exactly the same as with moniliosis.

Anthracnose

Unlike all the above diseases, anthracnose does not affect the leaves, but the fruits of the plant. The first signs are the appearance of dull spots on the berries, then a pinkish bloom protruding in tubercles. At the same time, the berry itself seems to be mummified. If the summer is rainy, then almost the entire crop dies from anthracnose.

As a treatment, it is best to use spraying with Polyram, it should be repeated three times:

• before flowering
• after flowering
• and 15 days after the second spraying.

In this case, fruits with traces of damage should be collected and destroyed.

Enhanced gum release

Plant damage can lead to increased release of cherry glue. various diseases. However, the cause may not be a disease, but an excess of moisture in the soil and nutrients. In any case, the appearance of gum is a symptom that should not be ignored, because. there is a serious threat to the life of the tree.

• carry out systematic tree care,
• carry out preventive treatment with copper sulphate,
• it is recommended to whitewash the tree trunk - this will protect against sunburn and frostbite,
• appearing wounds on the bark should be carefully cleaned and covered with garden pitch,
• damaged leaves and branches should be immediately removed and burned.

If the tree has a stunted appearance - make sure that the acidity of the soil is normal, the cherry does not grow well and does not bear fruit on acidic soil. You can correct the situation by adding dolomite or lime flour to the soil.

Witch's broom

It should be noted right away that this name means two diseases that are completely different in nature. The growth, which has a phytoplasmic nature, there is no cure for this disease yet, the tree affected by it is doomed.

The second disease - has a fungal nature, is characterized by the pallor of the color of the leaves or the acquisition of a reddish tint by them. In addition, the size of the leaves decreases, they become wrinkled.

The fight against a witch's broom consists in removing the affected branches and treating the tree with a solution of iron or copper sulphate. If necessary, the treatment can be repeated after 15 days.

Scab and rot

Fruit rot is characterized by a rapid increase in rotting areas on the affected berry. Then - the appearance of white growths of rounded outlines. As medicinal product Zircon should be used.

Sometimes cherries can be affected by scab, its obvious signs are dark spots on the leaves with an olive tint, ripened fruits crack as a result of the lesion. As preventive measure the tree itself and the near-stem circle should be treated with nitrafen.

Processing is done before the buds open. Treatment of a tree infected with scab will require three or four times its treatment with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture or another fungicide. The first time the tree should be sprayed during the leafing period, then after 3 weeks, then after harvesting, if necessary, again after 15 days.

How to treat cherries in the spring from diseases

Now you should consider the option of planned preventive treatment of cherry trees:

1. After pruning the tree, the wounds are closed with garden pitch, the tree itself is treated with copper sulphate.
2. The trunk of the tree is whitewashed with lime.
3. A solution is prepared from 10 liters of water and 0.7 kg of urea, the tree itself is processed and trunk circle, this will kill fungi and infections that can cause diseases and provide the tree with enough nitrogen for normal development.
4. If the treatment time was missed and the kidneys are already swollen - it is not recommended to treat with urea - burns may result. For spraying, you can use solutions of nitrafen, fitaverm, acarin, agravertin, and other similar drugs.
5. To give the tree a higher resistance to diseases, it is recommended to treat it with ecoberine or zircon.

Do not forget about the need to remove all diseased and suspicious branches, treat the cut site with copper sulphate and garden pitch. Follow the care recommendations and in the middle of summer cherry trees will delight you with a rich harvest.

A few more tips for caring for cherries, we hope they will be useful: