Barberry yellow planting and care. Care and planting barberry

Barberry is a powerful bush that meets with thorns and various colors of berries. This shrub is actively used in landscape design due to the huge number of medium-sized bright fruits of the original pear-shaped form.

In order to grow a barberry that will become your pride, it is not at all necessary to be a professional gardener, you just need to know the rules for planting and caring for this plant.

Dates and choice of landing site

Barberry is an efficient ornamental shrub with bright red, yellow or white fruits. The leaves of the barberry are elliptical in shape and are the most different colors: green, red, yellow, purple. In spring, the plant pleases with yellow, clustered flowers.

"Like a festive salute, these bushes grow. Only autumn comes - they play with all the colors.- this is what poets say about barberry, but even such a description will not convey the beauty of this delightful shrub.

The fruits of the barberry are fragrant and are widely used in medicine and cooking. They have a mild sour taste and are perfect for compotes, jelly, syrups and jams.

In cultivation, it is quite unpretentious and resistant to cold. However, before landing, you need to remember that in the shade decorative leaves barberries lose their color. The more light there is, the brighter and more attractive the foliage of the bush will be.

If you like a lonely barberry, then it is better to plant it at a distance of 1.5-2 m from other plantings. In cramped conditions, a beautiful, proportional bush cannot be grown.

If you plan to grow barberry in the garden as a hedge, then the bush needs to be formed more voluminous.

To create a dense fence, you need to plant 3-4 bushes per meter. For staggered placement, seedlings are placed 25 cm apart in a row. The distance between rows should be 45 cm. For a sparse hedge, the number of plants is reduced.

If the barberry is grown for fruits, it simply needs light, so the barberry should not be planted densely, and the bush should also be thinned out regularly.

Important!Unripe barberry berries contain a high concentration of alkaloids and are very poisonous.

Medium acid soils are suitable for barberry. But if the land on your site is highly acidic (more than 7.0 pH), you can add slaked lime to the soil before and after planting.

Since stagnant moisture can be detrimental to barberry, it should be planted on hills and sand should be added to the soil for drainage.

Landing is carried out in autumn (mid-September - mid-October) or spring (third decade of March - mid-April). If the seedlings were in a container, they can be planted in the summer on a cloudy day, providing enough sunlight for the first days.

Important! The barberry planted in the spring will actively grow, and the autumn seedlings will have time to strengthen over the winter and will begin to actively develop in the spring.

Preparatory work on the site

In order for the barberry to please with its healthy appearance, and care and cultivation do not cause trouble, you need before planting, clear carry out certain work on the selected area:

1. get rid of weeds and roots of other plants;
2. dig up the ground;
3. fertilize the soil (taking into account its acidity and fertility).

Did you know? Barberry thorns are nothing but transformed leaves.

Rules for planting young barberry seedlings

Before you grow barberry in the country, you need to carry out a number of works:

Important! When planting, you need to ensure that the barberry roots do not come into contact with fertilizers - this can cause a burn, and the seedlings will get sick or may die.

How to care for barberry on the site

Barberry care includes few procedures: watering, weeding, fertilizing, pruning, cutting and pest control.

Watering, weeding and loosening the soil

Barberry is a plant that does not like excess moisture, so it is enough to water it once a week. Only young plants need abundant watering, and then for the time being, until they get stronger. It is necessary to water the plant not with cold water directly under the root, trying not to wet the leaves.

In addition to watering, a mandatory procedure is regular weeding between the bushes, removing root shoots and loosening the soil around them. To facilitate care, it is recommended to mulch the soil with sawdust, peat or walnut shells.

Fertilization

Fertilizing when planting a barberry is enough for a plant for a year. The next feeding is done next spring.

When choosing the best to feed the barberry, give preference to nitrogen fertilizers. 20-30 g of urea is diluted in a bucket of water and each bush is fertilized.

It is enough to make such top dressing every 3-4 years.

However, if the barberry is grown for fruits, then after flowering and after the end of the season, the plant must be fertilized with a mixture of superphosphate (15 g) and potassium (10 g) under each bush. Can be used ready-made fertilizers("Kemira wagon"), which are brought in early July.

Most of all, the barberry growing as a hedge needs top dressing - it needs to be fertilized at least 2 times a year.

Important! Chemicals can adversely affect the characteristics of the fruit.

Competent pruning

Knowing how to properly trim the barberry will allow you to have not only a beautiful, but also a healthy plant on the site.

Since barberry branches grow almost vertically, then the shrub can be given any decorative shape(ball, pyramid, etc.). The barberry tolerates pruning painlessly before the start of sap flow, so you need to form a bush in early spring before the leaves open.

It should also be borne in mind that the shoots of barberry at first will grow into different directions, so it is not recommended to plant it in the middle of the site.

Since a bush has a lot of trunks, the extra ones need to be cut into a ring.

In order to thin out and maintain sanitation, plants should be regularly cut off old, diseased, weak, dry and heavily thickened branches. At the same time, old branches can be cut either completely or partially - to form new branches. Such rejuvenating pruning should be carried out on plants older than 10 years.

Important! It is impossible to strongly shorten the branches of the barberry, since its flowers and fruits appear on annual shoots.

wintering barberry

In the first 2-3 years, the barberry is covered for the winter with peat, dry foliage, spruce branches or burlap. If the bush is voluminous, its branches are pulled together with a rope or twine, a cylinder is built around the plant and dry leaves are poured inside, and covered from above.

Adult bushes tolerate frost well, so they do not need shelter.

If the winter turned out to be frosty and the branches froze, they should be cut off in early spring.

Selection of neighbors for barberry

Amazing compositions can be obtained by combining various shrubs. Barberry neighbors can be any shrubs, flowers and even trees. For example, dwarf varieties not only decorate lawns and flower beds, but also protect flowers from trampling. They can also be planted at the foot of large trees.

Did you know? It is believed that the famous Lee Kin Yen was able to live to 252 years thanks to the daily consumption of barberry fruits.

How to deal with pests and diseases of barberry

In order to recognize pests in time, you need to regularly pay attention to how the barberry looks. The most dangerous for barberry are such insects..

Lollipops "Barberry" still remain a favorite delicacy of children, and adults do not mind feeling sour. But hardly many people know what a barberry is and what it looks like. Moreover, it never occurs to anyone to have a barberry planting and care for which is still a secret in their country house.

Barberry is a perennial plant that belongs to the Barberry family. Its name "beiberi" is translated from Arabic means "shell-shaped". This plant prefers to grow in mountainous areas and is found in the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. There are at least one hundred and seventy species of this plant in the world.

Gardeners are interested in this shrub in order to obtain raw materials for the preparation of various drinks, jams, and use in traditional medicine. The leaves are used for marinades and honey, while the roots and wood give a yellow dye. Barberry will decorate any garden as an ornamental plant, because its leaves have an unusual color. In nature, there is a barberry with leaves of these colors:

• green;
• yellow;
• purple;
• motley;
• spotted;
• with border.

Barberry purple

Also, this shrub, depending on the species, is three meters high and very low - dwarf, grown no more than thirty centimeters. The most common varieties are barberry ordinary and Thunberg. Gardeners who enjoy barberry need to know how to plant and care for this plant.

Landing site, preparatory work

It is best to plant barberries in the spring, and you need to have time before bud break. Sometimes landing is done in autumn period. It is best to produce it when the leaves from the trees are falling very actively.

The barberry shrub grows both in the shade and in the sun. This plant feels comfortable on an open surface and is not at all afraid of wind or draft. The soil for planting barberry should be neutral, but a slight increase in acidity is allowed. If the acidity is above seven, then it is recommended to add lime to the soil. This should be done either when preparing the soil, or during planting. In addition, the soil must be fed with fertilizers such as:

• 8-10 kg of humus, compost or garden soil;
• 100 g of superphosphate;
• 400 g of slaked lime;
• 200 g wood ash.

If the barberry is planted as a separate shrub, then between the two bushes there should be a distance of at least one and a half or even two meters. If you want to make a hedge out of a barberry, then the plant must be planted in a trench, while two bushes should be planted per square meter.

Planting barberry

Planting young seedlings

Barberry can be planted in two ways: as a single bush and as a hedge. Before planting a "hedge" a trench is dug, forty centimeters wide and deep. This should be done a few weeks before planting seedlings. In order for the roots of the bush to breathe freely, the bottom of the trench is lined with sand. If the soil is suitable for plant growth, then a mixture of fertilizers should be poured into the trench, and lime and ash should not be used. After that, a barberry seedling is planted, and the roots are sprinkled with earth, carefully compacting it. After planting, the surface around the plant is abundantly watered and mulched. For this, peat or compost is used. After that, the seedling must be cut so that only three to five buds remain above the ground.

Barberry seedling

When planting a barberry, you need to remember that it can grow both in the shade and in open areas. But if the bush receives little sunlight, then its leaves completely or partially lose their decorative effect and become faded.

Reproduction of barberry seeds

Barberry reproduces in several ways:

• seeds;
• cuttings;
• lateral shoots of a shrub;
• dividing the main bush;
• transplanting young shoots.

In our area, a plant such as barberry is very rare, but, nevertheless, you can try to grow this shrub. When choosing planting material Certain difficulties may arise, since each of them has its drawbacks:

• Cuttings develop a root system very slowly;
• Seeds have low germination. It ranges from twenty to forty percent, while there is no guarantee that varietal qualities will be preserved;
• In the process of dividing the bush, the root system is significantly damaged, this adversely affects the health of the plant;
• Young shoots can only be obtained from certain types of barberry.

In order to propagate the shrub in your area, it is recommended to try all the methods and find the most effective one.

Let us consider in more detail the propagation of barberry by seed. In order to get a seedling, you need to use several seeds at the same time, since there is no complete certainty in their germination.

In order to collect seed, you need to select the most ripe berries and get the seeds out of them. After that, you need to thoroughly wash the pulp from them and dip in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After that, the bone is dried.

Potassium permanganate solution

Sow barberry seeds in autumn. To do this, the earth is fluffed up, weeds are removed, and a small furrow is made, no deeper than three centimeters. During winter period the bones are hardened by frost and sprout in the spring. AT spring period you can sow only those seeds that have been in the sand all winter at a temperature not higher than +3 degrees. This seed is transferred to open ground not before April.

After the seeds have sprouted, they need to be thinned out. In the process of weeding, only weakly developing shoots should be removed. Strong seedlings are left. On the permanent place seedlings are transferred only next year, before that they are given the opportunity to get stronger and develop the root system. The first fruits from the shrub can be obtained only after two years. In this case, the plant requires vaccination.

Interesting information. Barberry seedlings can be obtained in case of self-sowing. This happens when the ripe berries were not picked and fell to the ground. At the same time, young shoots can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Care rules

Any novice gardener can take care of the barberry, since this plant is completely undemanding. In addition, it does not matter what kind of plant is planted on the site. Thus, having studied step by step instructions"Barberry cultivation and care", you can grow more than one bush of this delicious berry on your site.

The list of works for plant care includes:

• watering;
• loosening;
• weeding;
• top dressing;
• pruning.

Watering

If there is sufficient rainfall during the season, then watering can be omitted. If the summer turned out to be hot and dry, then in this case you need to water the plant every week. At the same time, it is recommended to warm up the water a little in the sun and pour it only on the root system, preventing it from getting on the leaves.

Watering the barberry

In the same way, plants that are planted this year are watered. Watering is done until they take root, and the root system begins to fully develop. But it should be taken into account that the enemy of the barberry is not drought, but an excessive amount of rain. The reason for this is the accumulation of water near the root system, because of which it begins to rot, and the plant may die.

Weeding

It is for this reason that it is necessary to completely remove weeds from shrubs and loosen the soil. In order to facilitate your work in caring for the plant, it is best to mulch the root zone. For this you can use:

• peat;
• sawdust;
• shell nuts.

top dressing

Since during the planting of the barberry under the root system, a certain amount of fertilizer, then this will be enough for the plant for the whole year. Only after a year can urea diluted in water be added. To do this, take twenty or thirty grams of fertilizer per bucket of water. After that, nitrogen fertilizers can only be applied after three or four years.

To enjoy every year delicious berries, you need to feed the barberry with phosphorus and potassium. Under one bush, it is enough to add 10 grams potash fertilizers and 15 grams of superphosphate.

pruning

Barberry, like any shrub, needs pruning, during which all weak, dry and damaged branches are removed. Be sure to thin out the bush, as in dense growth the fruits will be small. In this case, you need to know how to cut the barberry in the spring. The first haircut is carried out on the bush when the bush is one year old. It is the pruning of the barberry in the spring that is done to form a shrub; for this, the shoots are shortened by half.

pruning barberry

After that, barberry pruning can be done twice a season. The first is done in early June, the second - in early August. This is important for the plant, not only for the purpose of sanitary care, but also in order to properly form the crown. At the same time, those plant varieties that grow no higher than 30 centimeters do not need pruning.

Pest and disease control

The most dangerous pests of barberry are:

• barberry aphid;
• barberry sawfly;
• flower moth.

The appearance of aphids on the plant is indicated by shriveled and dry leaves. The moth eats the fruits of the plant. In order to destroy pests on a plant, you need to use the following means:

1. Aphids are washed off with a solution laundry soap. To do this, it is diluted in a ratio of 300 grams of soap per 10 liters of water;
2. To destroy the moth and sawfly, more drastic measures are taken. To do this, you need to use a three percent solution of chlorophos.

In addition to pests, barberry can be affected by diseases, the most common of which are:

• powdery mildew;
• rust;
• bacteriosis leaf spot;
• withering.

Powdery mildew looks like white plaque, which covers not only leaves, but also berries, shoots. During the autumn period damaged areas cleistothecia are formed, due to which the bacteria hibernate. To get rid of this disease, the plant must be treated with colloidal sulfur. At the same time, those areas that are most damaged must be completely removed and burned so as not to leave a source of infection.

Plants get sick with rust if cereal plants grow next to them. In this case, the leaves appear yellow spots or red pads. On plants that are damaged, the leaves begin to dry and fall off very strongly. You can fight the disease with colloidal sulfur or Bordeaux fluid. The plant is treated in early spring, when the leaves are just beginning to bloom, the procedure is repeated every three weeks.

The plant can be saved from spotting with copper oxychloride, which is diluted in ten liters of water. In addition, Bordeaux liquid can be used to prevent the disease.

Copper oxychloride

Bacteriosis is a cancer that a plant suffers from. With this disease, cracks, growths, and peculiar tumors form on it. If the disease has only been discovered and has covered only the upper part of the shoots, they must be removed up to the healthy part of the branch. If the lower part of the plant is affected, then this means that the bush cannot be saved. It must be completely removed from the territory and burned. For prevention, you can use drugs that contain copper in their composition.

Growing barberry at home on the site is not difficult at all. The main thing for a barberry shrub is proper planting and care. To do this, you need to adhere to all methods of agricultural technology, schemes and rules for caring for the plant. Of course, do not forget about diseases and pests. Fighting them will be the key to a good harvest and a healthy look for your plant.

Video

Barberry is one of the most picturesque shrubs. But gardeners love culture not only for its bright appearance. Its berries are used to make hot and cold drinks, jams. Confectioners and culinary specialists use barberry as spices, as well as for decorating cakes and pastries. This shrub is popular in many regions of our country. Proper planting is one of the measures to get a good harvest.

When to plant barberry

Barberry can be planted in open ground in autumn and spring. But in most of Russia, gardeners prefer to plant in spring time of the year. In this case, the risk of freezing seedlings is practically zero. In autumn, barberry should be planted in open ground in early September. This will allow the seedling to take root before the onset of frost.

Barberry is best planted in spring

Features of spring planting

Barberry is unpretentious to the composition of the soil. Therefore, it can be planted in any area. However, there are a few basic rules to follow when planting a shrub:

How to plant barberry

In order not to harm the shrub, you need to properly land:

1. A landing pit or trenches is prepared 2 weeks before planting a shrub.
2. Half a bucket of sand is poured into the bottom of the pit. It has a beneficial effect on the root system.
3. Then the pit is filled with a mixture: soil, mixed in equal proportions with humus and peat. Superphosphate should also be added (30–40 g per 1 m 2).
4. The seedling is lowered into the prepared hole.
5. The roots are sprinkled with earth, rammed.
6. The plant is watered abundantly.
7. The soil is mulched with straw, peat or sawdust.
8. After planting, it is necessary to cut the seedling so that no more than 3-4 buds remain on the branches.
9. In the first days after planting, the shrub should be covered from the sun.

Weather conditions also affect the planting of barberry. The plant is not planted in open ground on hot days. It is best to choose cloudy weather for landing.

How to save seedlings before planting

Seedlings appear on the shelves of supermarkets or gardening centers already in January-February. Planting a plant during this period is not possible for most regions. The exception is the Crimea, where shoots begin to bloom at this time. However, even when buying a shrub at such an inopportune time for planting, you can keep the seedlings alive and healthy.

Planting shrub cuttings

Barberry is propagated by seeds or cuttings. For this, strong elastic shoots that appeared this year are selected. They are cut and stored from autumn to spring in the refrigerator. Gardeners try to avoid unripe cuttings, as they can rot.

Lignified branches of barberry take root more difficult than young ones.

For cuttings, use the middle parts of the branch. The shoot diameter should be approximately 5 mm. When cutting, the length of the cutting is from 8 to 10 cm. Gardeners divide the shoots into parts so that the cutting has 2 nodes and 1 internode. If the cutting is short, then 2 or 3 leaves are left on it.

On short cuttings of barberry, 2-3 leaves are left.

Proper cuttings of barberry

Proper cutting is done as follows:

1. The top of the branch is cut horizontally.
2. The lower cut at the shoot is made at an angle of 45 o.
3. The leaves at the top node are cut in half.
4. The leaves on the lower node are removed completely. The kidneys are not affected.
5. Then the cuttings are placed in a mixture of sand and peat (in a ratio of 1: 1) at an angle of 45 o.
6. The distance between the cuttings should be at least 10 cm.
7. The favorable air temperature in the room for rooting cuttings is 20–25 o C.
8. To maintain the required soil moisture, watering should be carried out 2 times a day.

After the rooting of the cuttings, the seedlings are grown in a greenhouse for 2 years.

Reproduction of barberry by dividing the bush during transplantation

By dividing the bush, the barberry is propagated in the spring. Before the buds swell, the bush is dug up. Carefully, so as not to damage the roots, divide into several parts. Then they are seated in holes or trenches. If there is no goal to get two bushes, then the plant, along with earthy clod on the roots move to a new place.

When transplanting, the barberry bush can be divided into two parts

Neighbor plants for barberry

Bright and colorful barberry will fit perfectly into the design of any garden. He can take a separate flower bed. Great neighbors for personal plot for shrubs will be annual and perennial flowers, conifers trees. Barberry feels great and next to the thuja.

Barberry feels great next to deciduous and coniferous trees

Features of landing in the regions

Differences when planting barberry in different regions no country. But the difference in climate affects the choice of variety and plant care.

Barberry in Siberia

Although the barberry is a frost-resistant plant, some species are less suitable for growing in Siberia. These are Thunberg barberry, Korean barberry, whole-edged barberry. You can opt for the common barberry, Amur barberry, oblong barberry. For the winter, it is recommended to cover a young bush - along the edges with a spruce forest, and then, when the snow falls, make a snowdrift. big plants tie with twine, install a box where dry leaves fall asleep. The design is wrapped on top nonwoven fabric. The soil around the plant is mulched.

Barberry in the Moscow region

In the climate of the Moscow region, culture feels good. It is only important to provide the bushes with a lot of light and non-marshy soil. Common barberry, Thunberg barberry, Ottawa barberry are excellent for growing in the region.

Video: growing barberry Thunberg

Barberry is one of the most unpretentious shrubs growing in Russia. It can be said with certainty that proper fit and proper care, he will take root on any garden plot, from year to year delighting good harvest and colorful view.

Foreword

Spreading barberry will decorate any site. To make it as easy as possible to care for this representative of the flora, you should plant it in the fall. This is what we will devote our article to, and, having studied the material, even a novice gardener will be able to cope with the task.

We all know barberry-flavoured candies and soda, but usually our knowledge is limited to this. Barberry is an ornamental shrub. You can meet him not only in the gardens of our vast Motherland, but also in the countries of southern Europe, and some species have taken root perfectly in Central Asia and even in the mountains of the Trans-Ili Alatau (Kazakhstan).

There are many species of this representative of the flora, among which there are evergreen, as well as deciduous. There are also semi-evergreen shrubs. In this case, with the onset of cold weather, only part of the foliage is shed. Barberry is one of the favorite plants of landscape designers. First, it is easy to cut. Secondly, the resident of the garden will please the eye for all year round. In spring, the bushes are showered with extraordinarily beautiful yellow flowers collected in bunches. With the onset of summer comes the time for rich green colors. And in autumn and winter, the plant will be decorated with bright red clusters of berries.

Barberry in landscape design

Such a shrub is not afraid of either heat or frost, it is unpretentious and easily takes root, the main thing is to plant it correctly. In young plants, the branches are rather thin and spreading, but after a few years the bush will grow and become a fairly dense barrier. Because of this, it is very often used as a. Usually, these representatives of the flora reach a height of about 3 m, but they also meet dwarf varieties, no more than 30 cm. It is worth saying a few more words about the branches: they are strewn with sharp spikes that can be up to 1 cm long.

Despite the fact that the shrub is decorative, its vocation is not only a decoration of the area. With it, yellow paint is made: wood parts (roots, bark and wood) are used. But berries containing 3 types of acid have found application in cooking. Sweets, jams and drinks are prepared from them, and when dried, they are an excellent addition to various dishes, such as pilaf, risotto, etc. Previously, red fruits were often used by pharmacists. Leaves will be a great addition to marinades.

Let's take a look at the features different varieties, because planting and further care largely depend on the type of plant. And not the last role is played by the aesthetic component, different types vary in leaf size and color.

Berberis vulgaris grows up to 3 m. The flowers are yellow, very bright and exude a sweet honey aroma. The foliage is predominantly green, although there are also decorative forms with an unusual color. For example, the Aureo-marginata variety has green leaves with a golden border. But the foliage of Atropurpurea is completely painted in a purple-violet color. This variety can be planted both in sunny areas and in the shade. It has excellent frost resistance and grows well on light loams.

Shrub "Berberis vulgaris"

Berberis thunbergii is a deciduous type. He, like his predecessor, is not afraid of the cold, but grows no more than 1.5 m. Its berries are bitter in taste and are not suitable for food. root system incredibly powerful. Thanks to her, this variety is used to strengthen slopes and ravines. Depending on the decorative form, the color of the foliage ranges from golden yellow to purplish red. But the Golden Ring is famous for its red leaves, the edges of which are decorated with a golden border.

Let's pay attention to one more rare view– Berberis x ottawiensis. Incredible beautiful plant grows up to 2 m in height. Its highlight is the foliage, the color of which changes depending on the season. If in summer it is pink-purple, then by autumn it becomes bright crimson. The scarlet fruits also deserve admiration. The flowers have a standard yellow color. Among this species, Superba is found, reaching 4 m in height. The red leaves of this representative are distinguished by a bluish bloom in summer, but with the onset of cold weather, their color changes to orange. The Silver Miles variety is famous for its colorful foliage. On their red surface, gray stripes and spots are randomly located.

There are several ways to propagate a plant, we will focus on each, because only knowing all the nuances, you can choose the right method. To grow a barberry from seeds, it is necessary to extract a bone from them. Then we prepare a weak solution of potassium permanganate and soak the seed in it for several minutes. Remove the seeds, dry and sow directly into the ground. If you decide to plant the seeds not in the fall, but in the spring, then you should mix them with sand and store them in a basement or other cool place.

Barberry is also propagated by cuttings. We cut small shoots and remove the lower leaves, and the upper branches should be shortened by half. Next, we prepare a solution of the root former and soak the branches in it for several hours. Then we take out the cuttings and dry them well. And now you can plant the prepared material in a special substrate. It is prepared from fertile soil, humus, peat and sand, taken in a ratio of 1:1:1:1/2. Plant cuttings in a greenhouse, periodically airing it. Only after rooting can you leave them in the open field.

Propagation of barberry cuttings

Low shrubs reproduce well by division. If you decide to give preference to this method, you need to dig a bush in the spring and divide it into approximately equal parts. It is possible that in this case one pruner is not enough and you will have to resort to a more serious garden tool, such as a saw. You should act very carefully, because if you harm the root system, new bushes will not take root. Next, you need to process all sections with crushed coal and plant a plant. This method is not suitable if the shoots are branching above ground level.

The last method is reproduction by layering. In the spring, carefully inspect the bush and select a strong one-year shoot from the lower branches. Then prepare a groove next to it and bend the selected branch so that it is in the recess. Fix it in this position, and then sprinkle with soil. Moreover, the top of the shoot should remain on the surface. A few months later, in the fall, the shoot will take root, and you will receive ready-made seedlings. It remains only to transplant them and grow them.

Now is the time to talk about how to properly plant such amazing plant. Most often this is done in the spring, but you can carry out this procedure in the fall. It was already mentioned earlier that the shrub is unpretentious, but you still have to follow some rules.

It is very important to choose the right site. In principle, the shrub grows both in the sun and in shaded places, but if you want to please the eye with chic greenery, it is better to give preference to a more illuminated area. In addition, in the shade, this representative of the flora ceases to bear fruit. Avoid close proximity ground water. Light soils or loams are excellent, as long as there is no stagnant moisture. Pay attention to acidity, if it exceeds 7 pH, then the soil should be limed. Moreover, such a procedure can be carried out directly during landing. To do this, add a mixture of peat, humus, sod land, wood ash (200 g) and slaked lime (400 g).

Growing fruit-bearing barberry

The distance at which you will place the bushes depends largely on the goal. For example, if you plan to plant a single copy, then it is necessary that there is no vegetation within a radius of at least 1.5 m. But when you use the plant as a hedge, the bushes are planted every 50 cm.

Pits must be prepared 14–21 days before planting. For one shrub, a hole 40x40 cm in size is dug; in the case of a hedge, a trench of the same depth should be prepared. Next, fill the bottom with sand. This will most positively affect the aeration of the root system. Now you need to place a seedling in the hole and fill it up lower part earth. We thoroughly tamp the soil, act carefully, otherwise you will harm the roots, which will negatively affect the further state of the plant. Now it remains to water the new resident abundantly and mulch with peat or compost. Cut off at the end of the process top part seedling so that 3 or a maximum of 5 well-developed buds remain.

How to care for bushes?

We learned how to properly plant this ornamental shrub, but in order for it to please us for many years, it is necessary to ensure proper care. Important role plays timely irrigation. If the summer turned out to be dry, then this procedure should be carried out every week. And with a normal amount of precipitation, it is not necessary to water the barberry at all. When moistening, try to avoid contact of water with the foliage. Weekly, only planted specimens should be irrigated until they are rooted.

Remember to actively control weeds. Also remove root shoots that are growing too actively and abundantly. Loosen the soil around the bush regularly to provide oxygen to the root system. By mulching the area with peat, you can greatly ease your worries.

Like most shrubs, barberry needs pruning. In spring, the branches of one-year-old plants are shortened by half. All weak and dried shoots are removed completely. In the future, this procedure is carried out twice a year. Moreover, pruning can be not only sanitary, but also decorative.

Planting any plant involves fertilizing the soil, useful substances enough for exactly one year, then the supply of nutrients must be replenished. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in spring. The urea solution proved to be excellent. It is necessary to dissolve 20 g of the product in a bucket pure water. Next top dressing nitrogen fertilizers repeat only after 3 years. If the barberry acts as fruit bush, after the flowering period, it is necessary to feed it with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. One bush consumes 15 g of superphosphate and 10 g of potash fertilizers.

It is important to carry out the prevention of diseases and pests. Wrinkled and dried leaves testify to the appearance of aphids. Treat the barberry bush with soapy water. To do this, dissolve 300 g of laundry soap in 10 liters of clean water. More dangerous pest should be called the moth, which harms the fruit. You can get rid of it with a 1-3% solution of chlorophos.

You can also fight against fungal diseases. For example, getting rid of powdery mildew is easy with a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur. To eliminate rust, it is necessary to carry out three treatments with the same agent. The procedure is repeated after 21 days. Copper oxychloride (30 g) diluted in water (10 L) will help fight spotting. But of all the most dangerous disease should rightfully be called bacteriosis or bacterial cancer. Affected shoots should be immediately removed and burned. If the disease has spread to the trunk, then the barberry can no longer be saved.

Barberry is a very picturesque plant. Available in green, purple and variegated leaves, which fit perfectly into joint plantings with deciduous and coniferous trees and shrubs. In landscape design, this property of barberry is widely used. Its berries are edible and useful. Young leaves can be added to salads. In folk medicine, barberry has long been known and widely used.

Barberry - let's get acquainted

The barberry family unites several hundred species of trees and shrubs. Deciduous and evergreen forms are known. In the wild, this plant is found on almost all continents.

Barberry is found on almost all continents

Prefers a warm climate, but can tolerate moderate frosts. AT extreme cold needs shelter. The plant is prickly, the fruits are small, edible. In culture, common barberry or Thunberg barberry is grown, less often Amur, Canadian (Ottawa) and Korean.

The great decorativeness of the plant is popular in landscape design and is widely used. It also contributes to huge selection- from dwarf forms (30 cm) to giants (3 m), with a spherical, columnar and spreading crown. Barberry gets along well with various plants and does not seek to capture the territory, since it does not have root growth. Drought tolerant, shade tolerant, unpretentious.

There is small flaw- thorns. But it can be made a virtue: hedge from barberry will become an insurmountable obstacle for uninvited guests and a beautiful frame for your site.

The maximum decorative effect of the plant falls on the age of 7–8 years. Can live up to 50 years good care bears fruit up to 35-40 years. Blooms in May, about 3 weeks. Good honey plant.

Barberry looks spectacular in joint plantings

Landing and care

Barberry grows in sun and partial shade. If you decide to plant a plant with variegated or bright foliage, then this should be a well-lit place. In the shade, the decorative effect is lost, the leaves become paler or turn green. Landing is carried out in early spring, before bud break. If the plant has a closed root system, then you can plant it in the fall, in September or in the first half of October (at least a month before the onset of frost). Barberry can grow on almost any soil, even sandy and rocky, but not acidic. Stagnation of moisture depresses him.

The landing pit is prepared 2 weeks before planting. Its size is 40x40x40 cm.

Pit preparation:

When planting several bushes side by side, you need to take into account their adult size and leave the required distance. If you decide to arrange a hedge, then you need to dig a trench of the required length. Plants are planted at a distance of 0.5 m from each other. For a two-row hedge, bushes are planted in a checkerboard pattern.

A few years after planting, the barberry hedge will be impenetrable

When planting, the roots are carefully straightened, covered with earth so that the root collar is at the level of the soil. The shoots are cut, leaving 3-5 buds, the plant is watered and mulched.

Watering and fertilizing

Barberry tolerates a lack of moisture better than its excess. In rainy weather, an adult plant has enough rainfall. In the heat, you need a bucket of water per bush 1 time in 2 weeks. A newly planted barberry is watered 1-2 times a week until it takes root. Then - as needed.

For the first 2–3 years, the fertilizers applied during planting are enough for the plants. Further, for ornamental shrubs, urea is applied in spring (dissolve 30 g in 10 liters of water) 1 time in 3 years. If the plant is berry, then, in addition to urea, every year after flowering it is fed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (according to the instructions).

Preparing for the cold

In winter, young plants (the first 3–5 years) require shelter, regardless of the frost resistance of the variety. If winters are mild in your region, then the barberry will endure this period well. In severe frosts, especially in Siberia or the Urals, adult plants also cover. To do this, they make a semblance of a hut from branches and spruce branches and additionally throw snow.

The first 3–5 years, the barberry needs shelter for the winter

pruning

Sanitary pruning is required annually in spring and autumn. Remove broken, dry and diseased branches. If the barberry is planted for decorative purposes, then they begin to form it from the second year after planting. All types of plants tolerate shearing well, and to maintain a given shape, the bush is pruned at the beginning and end of summer every year.

Proper bush formation requires annual pruning.

Dwarf species of barberry, as a rule, have a dense compact crown and can do without formative pruning. They look great in curb plantings and on alpine slides.

Dwarf forms of barberry do not need shaping pruning

reproduction

Barberry reproduces well with the help of seeds, cuttings and layering. Good results gives division of the bush.

Barberry breeding methods:

• Seeds. To obtain seeds, ripe berries are crushed, washed and dried. Sow in the fall, immediately into the ground to a depth of 1 cm. The place is chosen so that the seedlings can grow there for 2 years. Then they are transplanted to a permanent place. In the spring, after germination, they are thinned out, leaving a distance of about 3 cm. Care consists in regular watering, loosening the soil and removing weeds. For the winter, shelter beds are required.
  

  When propagated by seeds of some varieties, seedlings may not retain parental characteristics.

  To obtain seeds, ripe berries are crushed, washed and dried.

• The cuttings are rooted in the summer in a special greenhouse, where they will grow for 2 years. In June, shoots of the current year are cut about 15 cm long. All leaves are removed in the lower part, treated with a root formation stimulator. The upper leaves are cut in half. Planted in a mixture of humus, peat and sod land with sand. The cuttings are buried by 2/3 of the length, watered and covered. Periodically it is necessary to ventilate and humidify.

  Cuttings are part of the shoots of the current year, about 15 cm long

• To root the layering in the spring, they bend down, fix and sprinkle with earth the branches located close to the ground. The following year, early in the spring, the shoot is separated with secateurs and transplanted to another place for growing for another year. Then they are transferred to a permanent place.

  To root the layering in the spring, they bend, fix and sprinkle with earth the branches located close to the ground.

• For dividing the bush, you can use a plant no older than 5 years. This is the only way to propagate undersized varieties. Before bud break, the plant is dug up and divided with secateurs or a knife. The cut is processed crushed charcoal and planted.

  When dividing a bush, each part should have 2-3 shoots

Diseases and pests

Barberry has few pests. Aphids appear on young shoots and leaves. You can quickly notice it. The leaves begin to curl. To destroy the pest, you can use Inta-Vir, Actellik preparations. If there are few aphids, a soapy solution will come in handy (3 tbsp. Dishwashing liquid per 1 liter of water). In addition, the plant can be affected by the flower moth (spoils the berries) and the sawfly. To destroy them, drugs are used:

• Aktara,
• Karate,
• Karbofos.

All products are prepared strictly according to the instructions.

Moth caterpillar - one of the barberry pests

Barberry is rarely affected by fungal diseases.

Table: how to deal with barberry diseases

To prevent diseases, the plants and the soil under it are treated three times with Bordeaux liquid. The treatment interval is 1 time in 3 weeks.

Types and varieties of barberry

Of all the species, the most decorative barberry Thunberg. dwarf plants from 30 cm with red, yellow, green and variegated foliage - that's all. Its fruits are unsuitable for food, very bitter.

• Green Carpet. Low shrub up to 1 m high with a spreading crown. Dense foliage, light green in summer, turns bright orange, yellow and red in autumn. Flowers are pale greenish. Light-requiring, but tolerates light shade. It is drought-resistant, frost-resistant, resistant to diseases and pests. Young plants up to 2–3 years old need shelter in winter; in Siberia, the Urals and northeast Russia, this is done up to 5 years.

  In autumn, the barberry bush Green Carpet becomes like a colorful blanket

• Admireshin. Shrub with a lush crown and beautiful red leaves with bright yellow edging. The flowers are pale pink, bloom in late May. The berries are dark red. The plant is very decorative, tolerates shaping well. Unpretentious in care, frost-resistant, easily tolerates lack of moisture. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests.

  At the barberry Admireyshin beautiful leaves with gold trim

• Erekta. Dwarf variety (up to 0.5 m). Crown pyramidal shape. The leaves are green. Frost and drought resistant. Unpretentious. Rarely affected by disease.

  The Erekta variety is rarely affected by diseases.

• Gold ring. Bush of medium size. Leaves have golden edging. Undemanding in care.
• Carmen. The leaves are blood red. The plant reaches a height of 1 m in 10 years. In the shade loses the brightness of the leaves. Resistant to frost and gas contamination.

  Foliage barberry Carmen attracts attention

• Golden Rocket. Height up to 1.5 m. It grows slowly. The maximum height reaches 10 years. Leaves yellow- Green colour.
• Natasha. Compact spherical shrub. The leaves are green with white-pink spots. Frost resistance up to -35 ° C. In the shade it loses its color brightness. The fruits are decorative, but not used for food.

  The coloring of barberry leaves Natasha is unusual and attractive

• Orange Rocket. Columnar shrub up to 1 m high. Crown diameter 0.5 m. It grows slowly. Frost and drought resistant. The leaves are small, yellow-orange, turning bright red in autumn. In the shade, the foliage loses its brightness.
• Pink glow. Tall, up to 2 m, spreading shrub. The leaves are purple with white and pink spots. Frost resistance up to -35 o C.

  Variety Pink Light lives up to its name

• Helmut Pillar. Columnar (up to 1.5 m) shrub. The leaves are small, dark red, turning green in the shade. Frost-resistant. Drought resistant. Handles haircut well. Unpretentious.
• Harlequin. Shrub 1.5–2 m high and a crown width of about 2 m. Purple leaves with white spots turn amber-golden in autumn. Handles haircut well. Is used for joint landings as bright accent. Frost-resistant. Shelter for the winter is necessary only for young plants, when grown in a harsh climate. Drought tolerant. Rarely affected by disease.

  Variegated leaves of barberry Harlequin are very beautiful

• Auria. Shrub about 80 cm high. Leaves turn yellow-orange in autumn. It blooms in May, covered with yellow fragrant tassels. The fruits are red, ripen in autumn and remain on the branches for a long time. Drought tolerant. Rarely affected by disease. Frost-resistant. When grown in the shade, the leaves lose their brightness and turn green.

  The yellow foliage of the Auria barberry is combined with the greenery of coniferous trees.

• Kobold. Dwarf shrub only 40 cm tall and dense spherical crown about 50 cm in diameter. Leaves are yellow-green in summer, yellow-crimson in autumn, can grow in light shade. In May, beautiful yellow-red flowers open for several weeks. Frost and drought resistant. Rarely affected by disease.

  The size of the Kobold barberry is suitable for an alpine slide

• Bagatelle. Another dwarf variety. mature plant with a height of only 30 cm, it has a dense crown with a diameter of about 60 cm. The foliage is red-brown in summer and dark red in autumn. Bagatelle goes well with other plants in park compositions. Grows slowly. Frost and drought resistant. Rarely sick.

  Bagatelle goes well with other plants in park compositions.

The Tibetan barberry used to be known in Russia as Dereza vulgaris. O healing properties its berries have been known for a long time and widely used in folk medicine. One of the most known species- Goji Shambhala. This is a sprawling bush up to 3 m high. It blooms from June to October, at the same time berries ripen. Unpretentious in care. It grows on any soil, except for marshy ones. Prefers sunny places, but will grow and bear fruit in the shade. Frost and drought resistant. Very prickly. Handles haircut well.

Shambhala goji fruits look like small peppers

Red-leaved varieties of Canadian (or Ottawa) barberry are not very common in Russia. The leaves have a color from dark purple to bluish-red, which goes well with greenery in parks and squares. He tolerates a haircut well. The height of adult plants is from 1.5 to 3 m. It grows rapidly. Tolerates frosts down to -35 o C. When grown in the southern regions and central Russia, it does not require shelter. In Siberia and the Urals, it grows well with warming in the winter.

A popular variety of Canadian barberry is Superba. tall, fast growing shrub up to 2.5 m. The leaves are almost purple turn purple in summer and autumn. Unpretentious. In May, yellow-red flowers appear, collected in a brush. The fruits are bright red and ripen in October. annual shoots grow up to 35 cm per season. Drought- and frost-resistant. Little affected by disease.

Barberry Superba has purple leaves

In addition to it, such varieties of Canadian (Ottawa) barberry have excellent decorative qualities, such as:

• Auricoma,
• Atropurpuria,
• Silver Miles.

Amur barberry in wild nature grows on Far East, in China and Japan. This is a tall, up to 3 m, shrub with a slightly branched spreading crown. The berries are edible. Bright green in summer, turning golden red in autumn. The flowers are light yellow and very fragrant. Rust resistant. In Siberia, it can grow without shelter. Tolerates lack of moisture. Undemanding in care.

The flowering plant of the Amur barberry is fragrant and beautiful

Evergreen (or ordinary) barberry is a fairly large shrub up to 2 m high, and about the same in diameter. This is a slow growing species. The leaves are narrow and long (up to 10 cm), bright green above and bluish-green below. Frost-resistant. Disease resistant. The leaves stay on the branches all winter and fall off when they begin to grow back in the spring. Handles haircut well. Resistant to gas contamination of the urban atmosphere.

The common barberry has plants with an unusual fruit color. In the Alba variety they are white, while in the Lutea variety they are pale yellow.

The black barberry actually has green-colored leaves that turn bright red in autumn, and bronze in color after frost. And they call it that because of the dark blue, almost black, berries. This is a warty barberry. His homeland is Western China. Grows slowly. The height of an adult plant is 1–1.5 m. It withstands frosts down to -30 ° C. Drought-resistant. Handles haircut well.

Barberry as a houseplant

For growing at home, dwarf varieties of barberry Thunberg are suitable:

• Bagatelle,
• Erekta,
• kobold,
• Natasha.

Since the species tolerates pruning well, the shape of the crown and the height of the plant can be easily adjusted. Barberry in the apartment will give you no more trouble than any indoor plant. cultivation miniature trees how art originated in Japan many centuries ago. This is a well-known bonsai. For this, coniferous and deciduous plants, which in nature may not be small. Barberry is ideal for creating bonsai. It tolerates pruning well and is very flexible in creating such compositions.

Barberry makes amazing miniatures

Features of caring for homemade barberry:

• Landing is carried out in a mixture of coarse sand, soddy soil and compost (2: 2: 1). At the bottom of the pot, be sure to pour a layer of stones or expanded clay. When planting, cut the roots a little and shorten the shoots by 2/3.
• Watered as needed. In spring and summer, frequent irrigation has a beneficial effect on the plant, especially on hot days. In autumn and winter, the frequency of watering is reduced. Since in heating season the air in the apartment is very dry, then periodic spraying from a spray bottle is useful for the plant, but not during flowering.
• For feeding use any organic fertilizers in the form of powder or granules (according to instructions) once a month from May to September.
• When pruning, the cut quickly becomes indistinguishable in color from the bark and additional processing does not require.
• Barberry can grow on a sunny window and in a shaded room, but in order for the variegated varieties not to lose their brightness, the plant needs good lighting and additional lighting in winter.
• In summer, the plant will feel good on an open balcony.
• Diseases and pests in indoor barberry are the same as in nature, and the same drugs are used to combat them.

Dwarf varieties of barberry can be grown in a container (for placement on terraces). Planting and caring for such a plant is no different from growing in a garden or in an apartment.

Features of cultivation in the regions

Barberry can grow in various climatic conditions. In the southern regions, it easily tolerates drought. Mild winters do not require high frost resistance. The plant puts up with the gas content of urban air, which allows it to be widely used for landscaping parks. The warm climate makes it possible to choose almost any type and variety of barberry for planting.

In central Russia, for cultivation, it is better to opt for plants with frost resistance of at least -20 ° C. This requirement is met by:

• most varieties of barberry Thunberg,
• Canadian,
• amur,
• warty.

Barberry with frost resistance up to -20–25 ° C is suitable for the Moscow region. You can choose varieties:

• Canadian (Ottawa) - Superba,
• ordinary - Alba variegata,
• barberry Thunberg:
  • Harlequin,
  • Green Carpet,
  • Carmen and others.

Since in the Moscow region soils are often with high occurrence groundwater, good drainage is required when planting (or seedlings should be placed on a hill or hillside). Young plants for the first 3-5 years must be covered for the winter. In the Golden Rocket variety, it is recommended to tie the crown or wrap it with a net for the winter, since it can fall apart during heavy snowfalls. During humid, cool summers, possible fungal diseases so prevention is The best way do not allow them.

In Siberia, varieties with high frost resistance are most suitable for cultivation:

• canadian barberry,
• amur,
• ordinary,
• warty.

They are adapted to harsh conditions and tolerate frost well. in large numbers snow. For these plants, shelter is needed in the first 3-5 years. Barberry Thunberg can also be grown in this region, but with mandatory shelter for the winter, not only young, but also adult plants. In this case, dwarf varieties are suitable for the Siberian climate. As an option, it is possible to grow plants in a container, with wintering in a greenhouse or a room where the temperature will not be very low.