Build a log house in the country. How to build a house from timber with your own hands

One of the most suitable materials for individual construction is wood. Wood is available, easy to work with, and in terms of cost, lumber has a more justifiable price compared to other building materials. Another advantage of wood is its relative lightness, which reduces the cost of building a strong foundation for a house.

These and other advantages of wood have led to the fact that wooden private construction is relevant and in demand. And if there is demand, supply also appears. Moreover natural deficiencies wood, as a building material, is leveled complex technologies manufacturing modern lumber, one of which is.

Advantages of a house made of profiled timber

• can be quickly built. A company (team) of three people, having minimal skills in using carpentry and plumbing tools, is able to assemble a box at home within a season;

• The log house is environmentally friendly and has a unique microclimate. In addition, good air flow through the wood will ensure a sufficient level of air exchange;

• timber is an excellent heat insulator and allows you to conserve heat and save on heating;

• no need to immediately invest a lot of money in construction and finishing. These processes can be separated in time;

• a house made of timber has natural beauty, presentability and style.

Stages of building a house made of profiled timber

We will briefly list all the stages of construction, and dwell in detail on the key ones that directly relate to working with timber.

Step-by-step instructions for building a house from profiled timber with your own hands:

Stage number	Name	Content
1.	Design	- standard project houses made of profiled timber; - individual project(unique).
2.	Foundation	- determination of type (tape, pile, slab); - calculation of characteristics; - excavation; - formwork installation; - installation reinforcement cage; - pouring concrete; - strength gain.
3.	Construction of a box house	- waterproofing; - the first crown.
4.	Subfloor	- fits during the construction of walls.
5.	Box assembly	- subsequent crowns; - interior partitions; - interfloor ceilings.
6.	Installation rafter system	- roof truss system; - insulation of the under-roof space; - styling roofing material.
7.	Installation of individual elements	- installation of columns, supports and other vertical elements; - installation of window and door blocks; - arrangement of stairs to the second floor (attic, attic).
8.	Interior finishing	- connection of communications; - decoration (cladding) of the premises.
9.	External wall treatment	- grinding; - treatment with antiseptic, primer, fire retardant, painting.

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Stage 1. Design

It is impossible to build a house from profiled timber without a project. Having a project is a direct guide to action. But first things first.

First of all, you need to decide, or focus on a ready-made one (standard, free).

• standard project tied to the area and reflects the wishes of the person who ordered it. But such a project will cost much less. Considering that standard length lumber leaves its mark on the size of the premises, we can say that there are not so many different variations. Therefore, most users purchase or download from the network, finished project and makes the necessary adjustments to it;

• individual project is being developed from scratch, the estimated cost is given in the table

When developing a new one or making adjustments to a finished project, you need to take into account the factors indicated in the table:

№	Factor	Description
1.	Type of residence: permanent or seasonal	Affects the choice of beam cross-section and the need for insulation
2.	Material	Humidity: Naturally dried timber (humidity 15-18%); - (humidity 12-15%) Geometry: Straightforward; - curved. 100x100 - for gazebos, outbuildings, houses for seasonal residence; - 150x150 - for home permanent residence with insulation, baths; - 200x200 - for a permanent home, luxury houses. Profile configuration: German (“comb”) does not require the use of insulation; - Finnish (Scandinavian) makes it possible to use rolled thermal insulation material..
3.	House area	- convenience of room location; - number of storeys; - installation location and staircase parameters; - assignment of rooms; - the number of simultaneous residents and their specific needs (for example, pensioners, disabled people); - possible number of guests.
4.	Location of the house	- distance from communications; - distance from other objects on the site (reservoir, sewerage); - landscape design plot; - soil type, freezing depth; - location of access roads; - orientation to the cardinal direction (important if there is a significant glazing area). Affects the energy efficiency of the home; - distance from the boundaries of the site.

The result of the design stage will be the availability project documentation, approved by the relevant authorities, namely:

List of main documents:

1. Foundation drawing (with detailed description composition, depth of placement, layout of materials, etc. As well as detailed data on the soil, groundwater, etc.).
2. Building plan (prepared based on the foundation drawing, but also with a detailed description).
3. Floor-by-floor detailed plan(partitions, windows, doors, stoves, fireplaces, etc. are indicated in detail).
4. Screeding (this is detailed drawing cross-section of the walls of the house. After planking, you can place an order for the production of timber (house kit for the house)).
5. Specification of every detail of the house.
6. Roof drawing, with a detailed description of the rafter system and all layers.
7. Final view of the house.

Calculation of timber for a house

At the design stage, the required amount of lumber is calculated. The calculation is based on the scattering specified in the project.

As already noted, construction timber houses can be carried out by using moldings or marked parts from the house kit.

The table compares approaches to construction, which is better, a prefabricated house or on-site installation (moldings)

Factor	Moldings	Domokomplekt
Design complexity	Possibility to implement any foreign project by selecting parts from timber locally	A kit for a complex project is more expensive, plus, not every factory will undertake to produce
Possibility to make adjustments to the project	Easier, cheaper, faster	Impossible, a house kit made from profiled timber is made for a specific project
Construction time	Significant (2-6 months)	Shortened (up to 1-2 months)
Price	From 8 thousand rubles. per sq.m.	From 11 thousand rubles. per sq.m. (depending on the complexity of the project)
Risks	- exposure to external factors during storage; - the risk of damage to the timber when cutting or arranging a bowl; - risk of deformation; - the risk of additional costs (due to errors in calculations and manufacturing).	- the risk of missing markings (checked when paying for the house kit); - the risk of receiving poorly made bowls due to poorly configured equipment in production.
Abuse	Workers may inflate prices, citing the complexity of the project and the difficulty of cutting out the bowls. There is a risk of generating a significant amount of waste.	None.

When building a house with your own hands, it is important to correctly calculate the amount of timber needed for work, because... shortages and excesses entail additional cash costs.

• The easiest option is to contact the seller (manufacturer). When purchasing lumber, the seller usually does not take money for settlement. But, it should be remembered that the seller tends to round up the amount of timber, which, given its cost per cubic meter. quite expensive.

• The second most difficult and risky option is to use a calculator for calculating timber for a house and set the parameters for calculation. This method is quite accurate, although it is not without its drawbacks. These include: defective timber, failure to take into account the shrinkage of the house, and trimming errors.

• The most difficult, but also reliable, is independent calculation of planking. To do this, a sketch of the house is made, dimensions are applied to it, and the amount of material is calculated manually. This way you can calculate the number of units of timber of the required length. To the number obtained as a result of the calculation, you need to add 5-7% for trimming, low-quality timber.

Note. A good profiled beam has clearly defined parameters and is cut to within 1 mm, which allows you to be confident in the accuracy of the calculations.

The choice of section of profiled timber for building a house is determined according to SNiP II-3-79. The calculation for Moscow according to the standards of the specified document is given in the table:

Note. When buying timber for building a house, you need to pay attention to the presence of a cut, which is designed to reduce the likelihood of cracking of the timber.

Stage 2. Foundation for a house made of profiled timber

Compensation for shrinkage of timber houses

Shrinkage of a house made of profiled timber is natural process caused by the properties of wood. Drying the timber naturally or in a chamber allows you to reduce the moisture content of the wood and reduce the percentage of shrinkage. But it cannot be completely eliminated. Shrinkage is 3-5% for chamber-drying profiled timber and 8% for natural drying timber.

Considering this feature of profiled timber, construction companies They offer two types of construction of houses from profiled timber:

• shrinking. It involves performing the work in two stages. First, the box is built, and after a year and a half of inactivity, they begin to install a warm circuit (windows, doors), stairs, do interior decoration, etc.;

• Full construction. In this case, the work is carried out in one go, and the installation of elements is carried out in compliance with the requirements for shrinkage compensation.

Stage 7. Installation of individual elements

Do-it-yourself construction of a house from profiled timber is usually carried out under shrinkage. But if there is a need to quickly move into a house, then you need to adhere to the following recommendations when installing structural and decorative elements, which, unlike walls, shrink on different heights and at different speeds:

Window and door openings.

They are formed by installing a frame into a casing box (casing, casing). Thanks to the sliding box design and expansion gap, windows and doors do not deform when the house shrinks.

Note. Not used when installing doors and windows polyurethane foam, because it hardens and is not flexible enough. Natural insulation materials wrapped in vapor-permeable film are used.

Columns, pillars, racks, supports and other vertical elements.

They are installed on adjusting systems - jacks (shrinkage compensators), which will allow you to equalize different amounts of shrinkage.

Roof elements.

The rafter legs are attached to the upper crown using sliding elements.

As for the installation of sliding fastening elements at the installation site of the ridge, opinions are divided here. Some masters advise doing it. Others focus on the sufficiency of one sliding connection along the upper crown.

Ladder.

It is recommended to install this element after the timber house has shrunk. At least a year after construction, when the main shrinkage has occurred. Installation in progress in the following way: the base of the staircase (string or stringer) is attached to the ceiling also using sliding elements.

Stage 8. Interior decoration of a house made of profiled timber

Finishing work, for example, installation of a frame for drywall, is also recommended after shrinking a house made of profiled timber. However, using sliding fasteners will allow you to start working sooner.

Fulfill plastering work or laying tiles on timber walls does not make sense. These materials are difficult to deform during shrinkage, which leads to cracks or shedding of the material.

Stage 9. External wall treatment

Do not forget that a house made of profiled timber needs protection from external factors, for this purpose, after construction, antiseptics are applied to the walls and fire retardant compounds. The frequency of their application is determined by the manufacturer of the product, and is usually 3-5 years.

Good reviews of these materials:

Fire-retardant compounds:

• Phenylax. Cost 650 rubles/6 kg.
• Cost 440 rubles/1.1 l.;
• NEOMID 450-1. Cost 1,339 rubles/10 l.;
• OZONE-007. Cost 4,990 rubles/48 kg;
• Senezh OgneBio Prof. Cost 1,790 rubles/23 kg.

Antiseptics:

• Aquatex Primer. Cost 2,090 rubles/10 l.
• Nortex-Transit (concentrate). Cost 8,123 rubles/19 kg. This composition is transportable, i.e. intended only for processing wood during transportation or storage. Cover finished walls not recommended, because it does not penetrate the wood structure, providing only superficial protection.
• Senezh. Cost 750 rub/10 kg.

Impregnations for protecting and tinting wood:

• Krasula varnish. Cost 2,700 rub./11 kg;
• Senezh Aquadecor. Cost 2,680 rubles/9 kg.

Construction of a house from profiled timber - video

Cost of building a house from profiled timber

The construction of a house from timber on a turnkey basis or with your own hands consists of such factors as:

• material;
• fare;
• consumables;
• complexity of the project;
• house dimensions;
• project cost;
• payment for the services of a construction team, if they are hired to perform any work or consultations;
• costs of obtaining permits for connecting communications, etc.

Conclusion

We hope that this instruction explains in sufficient detail how to build a house from profiled timber on your own, and the result obtained will delight more than one generation of users.

As surprising as it may sound, building a house from timber with your own hands is a very real task and can be done by many. To do this, you need to take care of purchasing building materials: first of all, timber. It can be glued or profiled material. The manufacturing procedure of these two types differs from each other, but the process of building a house has practically no differences. If this is important to you, then construction will allow you to save on labor costs, since it does not require a large team - only 3-4 people are enough.

As for the use of special equipment, it is also not required. All you need is a concrete mixer, a pump for it, a winch, an electric or chainsaw, as well as a number of other tools that are always at hand. You will learn further about how to build a house from timber.

Characteristics of a house made of timber

Please note that timber is used mainly in low-rise construction, the structures of which do not have more than three floors. What can you get as a result?

• First of all, everything performance characteristics timber have positive properties.
• Secondly, its environmental friendliness will create a high-quality microclimate in the room.
• Thirdly, a house made of timber looks very beautiful and stylish.

Agree that all this is very important. If we compare timber and logs, it can be noted that the first, since it has rectangular shape, will bring more benefits. The same walls built from it have flat surface. Therefore, you will not have any additional problems related to interior and exterior decoration.

Additionally, when building a house from timber, you do not have to worry about the fact that so-called cold bridges may form as a result of the construction of walls. This is due to the tight fit components, again related to their shape. How to build and how to insulate a house made of timber, what to use for processing and other nuances will be discussed further.

Some general information

With the help of timber you can easily make all your wildest fantasies and dreams come true. It can be used in the construction of a cottage of impressive size, for an ordinary house on one floor, for small dacha or a fairy-tale tower.

Elements such as a balcony, terrace or veranda can be added to the building design. All of them will fit quite appropriately and elegantly into the overall style.

A house with large dimensions can be decorated with a multi-pitched roof. This option looks very beautiful and elegant.

If you turn to professionals to create a project, you will get a result that will take into account all the features. In particular, the qualities and properties of the soil, calculation of the required material and technological features. But how to build a house from timber is the second question; first you need to take care of a reliable foundation.

Laying the foundation for a timber house

Since a structure made of timber is quite heavy, it will require you to have a strong foundation that meets the reliability requirements.

• If your project involves constructing a basement or cellar, it is best to opt for the tape option.
• If wet and silty soil is found, a foundation on screw piles is best.
• If the area of ​​the house is not very large, you can use a slab foundation. This option will allow you to create a base that simultaneously serves as a subfloor on the first floor.

You have selected the device option pile foundation with a grillage? Its technology involves installing concrete piles into a recess. The most the best option for its construction is loose soil with a high degree of freezing.

As for the strip foundation, then to it positive qualities This includes the ability to withstand high loads, as well as its construction without the use of special equipment. Additionally, it is distinguished by quite simple technology execution. This type of foundation is the most common and is ideal for private homes. That is why its structure will be discussed further.

Technological process

Initial actions include marking along the entire perimeter of the future building. It is imperative to note the location of the walls inside the house, which will be load-bearing.

• Next, trenches are laid along the applied markings. Their width should exceed the width of the future walls by approximately 10 cm.
• If a basement is indicated in the plan, then you need to start arranging a pit (to organize a cellar, it is enough to dig a hole). Minimum size The depth of the ditch under the foundation must be at least 60 cm, while exceeding the level of soil freezing.
• At the very bottom of the trench, a sand cushion is installed, then a layer of gravel. Both of these layers must be at least 10 cm deep. You also need to take care of their thorough leveling.
• Another mandatory procedure is moistening and then compacting the sand to achieve the desired density. The next layer will be concrete mixture. Usually 5 cm is enough.

Formwork construction technology, reinforcement procedures and subsequent concreting

In order to do removable formwork, you will need a board measuring 25 mm. You will need to knock down the shields from it. Their rise above top edge the trench should correspond to a value of 40 cm. To ensure that the completed formwork does not move, it is necessary to install special spacers.

As for the reinforcement procedure, it will require metal rods with a cross section of 10 mm. The frame made from them is located both lengthwise and crosswise. The junction points of the rods located in different directions, are fixed using a knitting wire. Make sure that the formwork and rods do not touch each other. The gap between them should correspond to 5 cm.

• The concrete mixture for pouring the foundation is prepared in one of two ways. For example, you can use a 1:3 proportion of cement and sand; the grade of cement in this case should be M400. Another variant concrete mixture 1:4:4 is prepared, where the first component is cement, the second is sand, and the third consists of specialized additives. The grade of cement in this proportion is also M400.
• Mixing of concrete is done using a concrete mixer, and pouring is done using a pump. The most important thing is to prevent air bubbles from appearing in the mixture itself. A vibrator will help you with this.

As with other types of work with concrete, the surface must be moistened until completely dry. This will allow the concrete to dry out not too quickly, which means it will improve its quality. After pouring the foundation, you need to wait approximately 28-30 days and only then proceed to the next stages of work.

How to build a log house from timber

From which assembly method timber house you choose, the consumption will depend building materials, as well as the amount of funds spent. The least expensive is considered frame option construction. But today is not about that. Next, we will consider the classic method of assembling a log house.

The most optimal types of wood are the following options: spruce, larch and pine. Any of them is quite easy to process and has an affordable price. How to lay timber correctly? For the answer to this question, it is best to turn to professional builders.

• The very first crown is laid on a layer of insulation. It is very good if it is two layers.
• Hot bitumen is applied between layers. Simply put, the first layer is bitumen, then roofing felt, again bitumen and again roofing felt. Please note that the insulation size (width) must be more foundation approximately 35 cm.
• The following stages are carried out exclusively with timber. In the process of this work, a fair question arises: how to treat the timber? For these purposes, it is necessary to use an antiseptic composition. This is done in advance. This treatment will provide reliable protection against moisture, bacteria and pests.

In addition to the antiseptic, a composition that has fire protection properties is used to treat the timber. The most the best way processing is considered to be the application of compounds to each beam separately, since it is already assembled building it is impossible to process completely; the joints will remain unaffected. However, how to treat a house made of timber is up to you to decide. The main thing is that the materials used are of high quality and meet the necessary requirements.

• The first part laid on the foundation must have a rigid attachment to the base, passing through the waterproofing layer. The ebb tide will also be fixed to it, the function of which is to protect the walls from possible precipitation. Laying the first crown can be done in several ways. The first of them involves the use of a backing board, the second - transverse slats.

As for the second option, its use will provide an additional gap, that is, ventilation. The slats (10 mm) are fastened in 30 cm increments. At this stage, you should carefully monitor horizontal arrangement all the details. The most suitable for these purposes is a laser level.

The cross-section of profiled or laminated timber is usually 140x140 mm or 90x140. The front part can be flat or convex.

• Factory production involves applying special tongue-and-groove joints to its upper and lower sides. This option allows you to most tightly and rigidly connect the parts of the house to each other.
• Between the rows of timber it is necessary to place jute insulation specially designed for this purpose. The crown connection is made by driving the dowel approximately 30 cm, the pitch of this fastening is 1 m.

The jute insulation mentioned above will help you avoid the formation of cold bridges in winter period. It will also prevent the occurrence of condensation, which means it will reduce the chances of fungus appearing inside the wood, which in turn will significantly extend the life of the building. The jute insulation is fastened using a construction stapler.

Methods for lengthening timber

It often happens that it is necessary to connect two beams to obtain a length corresponding to the size of the wall of the house. This type of connection must be performed competently and carefully. The most commonly used method is the dressing method, in which the vertical seam in the next row is slightly shifted in relation to the previous one.

To increase the strength of the butt joint, you need to cut half a tree in the direction along the beam. To increase reliability, dowels are used.

More short beam used for window decoration and doorways. For these purposes, only whole building materials should be used; connections are not allowed. Using another method involves making a cut in an already assembled log house. A chainsaw is usually used for this procedure.

Basically, the construction process is quite simple if you at least observed the construction process from the outside. Of course, there are many nuances (markings, doors, windows, etc.), but if you want, building a house from timber is quite possible. Good luck!

First, the foundation is built. After this, the first crown is installed - the lower contour of the structure. This crown is impregnated with an antiseptic. Then the frame is assembled. Each upper crown is laid only after the installation of the previous one has been completed. The connection of the crowns occurs with the help of dowels, which impart rigidity to the structure.

The next stage is the manufacture of the floor and ceiling. First, the subfloor is laid, then it is insulated and the finished floor is laid. At the last stages, the roof is erected, waterproofed, and roofing material is applied. After this it is done general insulation at home, carried out Finishing work, windows and doors are installed.

• small houses made of timber do not require the construction of powerful foundations. With normal soil properties, you can get by with a light columnar or screw foundation;
• It is advisable to build country houses in the warm season (late spring, summer). In this case, construction will cost significantly less;
• choosing a project that is simple in its architecture will lead to a reduction in the total cost of construction.

WE BUILD CHEAP

Another effective method to build a property cheaper - choose the right developer. Prices for the construction of summer buildings in the Brusina company are among the cheapest on the market in Moscow and the Moscow region. Setting the main priorities high quality work performed and taking into account all the wishes of the customer, we try to reduce the overall estimated cost of our services, we build economy-class houses inexpensively and on a turnkey basis.

You can buy ready-made country house inexpensive, but cheaper - build it on a turnkey basis in the Brusin company!

The countryside looks stunningly beautiful. Just looking at it gives you a feeling of comfort. It is quite possible to build such a home on your own, even without large financial resources and special construction skills. You can learn how to do everything step by step from the article.

Where to start implementing your idea

Before you start building with your own hands, you should complete several points:

1. Choose the right place for construction. The site must have an area commensurate with the future building and suitable soil.
2. The second important point is creating a project. It must be approved by the local architectural department.
3. Select and purchase necessary materials and tools. The wood for construction must be selected with special care, because the structure must stand for more than one year. The main criteria for choosing wood are density and strength. It should also be taken into account that the future home must have good thermal insulation.

Attention! Wooden beam It has significant drawback. In the first few years after the construction of a building, it tends to deform under the influence of precipitation.

Most often, a house made of timber is built from coniferous species wood It is lightweight (does not load the foundation too much), is not subject to rotting and does not crack.

Tools for construction you will need:

• electric or chainsaw;
• tape measure;
• level;
• electric drill;
• electric screwdriver;
• axe;

• hammer;
• nails;
• self-tapping screws;
• hammer drill

After preparing the tools, you can begin purchasing timber.

Which material is better to choose

For construction, you can use solid and profiled timber. Advantages of the first option:

• Solid ones are several times cheaper than similar building materials.
• Buying it is not a problem - it is sold on any construction market.
• Such timber does not lose natural moisture, so the time for preparing wood is greatly reduced.
• Where it is used solid timber, there is no need to use special construction equipment.

The disadvantages when choosing solid timber are as follows:

• Additionally, you will have to spend money on finishing. Since solid timber in itself is not beautiful, it is sheathed with clapboard or siding.

Solid timber

• The tree in this version does not undergo a special drying procedure, so it may be damaged by fungus. To avoid this, treatment should be carried out in advance. special impregnations, and these are additional costs.
• If you use the timber in its entirety, the room will be less warm, since the roof joints are well ventilated.

Attention! Timber without a profile cracks after shrinkage. Solid wood housing needs sheathing on both sides.

Profiled version - as the name suggests, this type of timber provides for the presence of a profile. Connections (tenons and grooves) are installed along its entire length.

The advantages include:

• During construction, the walls turn out to be very smooth.
• Profiled timber does not need cladding - it looks great on its own.
• Intervention seams during construction are very tight, and the inside of the room is correspondingly warm.
• Water from precipitation will not be able to get into the tight seams, which will prevent the wood from rotting.

Attention! Profiled timber has a small percentage of moisture, so it burns easily. Before construction, it must be treated with special fire-prevention impregnations.

Of the obvious disadvantages that this option has, we can note:

Profiled timber

• In the warm season, such timber may crack.
• Walls made from this material are quite thin and require additional insulation from the outside.

Design and laying the foundation

Build beautiful house made from timber cheaply is quite possible. A self-made project will help reduce the construction budget. It roughly looks like this:

1. The house itself has a rectangular shape.
2. The roof is gable, maximum five. Angles and skylights increase the cost of work by approximately 40%.
3. There is no basement. This provides significant savings, since its presence increases costs by at least 30%.
4. The foundation is shallowly buried.
5. The building has 1 floor and few window openings.
6. There are no columns, balconies or bay windows.
7. The walls are decorated very simply.
8. The windows are of standard size.
9. The facade is traditional.

Once the project is approved, you can begin laying the foundation.

A timber house is built on concrete or wooden base. The first option is most often used. First, concrete is poured, then a brick base is built on it. Only on top of this structure do they begin to lay timber. As a basis for wooden house You can use several types of foundation:

• recessed;
• shallow;
• tape type;
• columnar.

In most cases, under wooden building Shallow and strip versions are prepared. The laying depth is 50-70 cm.

How to build walls, a roof, arrange a floor and decorate a home

On the finished foundation, the timber is laid in rows one on top of the other until the walls of the required height are obtained. There are grooves made in the tree, with the help of which the logs fit tightly to each other. To make the walls stronger, be sure to use spikes designed for connection.

Attention! All seams must be caulked. This will make the walls windproof.

It is better not to skimp on materials when arranging a roof. You can choose a lot of options for different budgets. Experienced builders advise equipping various areas of the roof with boards different sizes. For example, a board of 140x40 mm is required for rafters, and 100x40 mm for braces and racks.

When arranging the floor, you should also be guided by your own preferences. There must be a waterproofing layer under the screed, for which several material options can be used:

• jellied composition;
• coating materials;
• roll waterproofing;
• penetrating moisture protection.

TO interior design The floor also needs to be approached after carefully considering all the details.

Advice. For housing built from beams, wood-based coatings, that is, parquet and laminate, are best suited.

The next stage of construction is the arrangement of heating, energy supply, sewerage, and water supply. At the same stage, doors between rooms are installed, finishing coat floor and ceiling.

Natural wood is distinguished by its environmental purity and incredible nobility, so it is valued at all times, despite the fact that construction market occupied innovative materials. The construction of timber houses for year-round or seasonal use has reached a qualitatively new level thanks to the huge number of advantages of the material, as well as improved methods of its processing and installation.

Such a home has an attractive appearance, which is important, especially for people who value aesthetics in everything. What kind of material is this and what is needed to build a house from timber, this instruction will tell you.

Choosing the type of wood

Before getting acquainted with the structure itself and finding out the features of its installation, we suggest considering the characteristics of the wood species used for these purposes. Currently, manufacturers prefer coniferous wood:

• pine;
• fir;
• larch.

Distinctive properties of wood species

Very rarely, but still, in this segment there are also deciduous trees, for example, birch. It may mistakenly seem that coniferous materials are identical, but they have significant differences, and we cannot help but mention them:

• Spruce and fir are considered the most affordable;
• spruce allows you to achieve a uniform color color, since such material is characterized by ideal uniformity;
• Fir has very beautiful fibers, but, unfortunately, it is less durable. 2 years after the log house is ready, you will encounter the fact that some fibers will begin to darken;
• country houses made of larch are the most practical, because such material is absolutely not afraid humid environment, is durable, and this is precisely its advantages;
• Birch timber is popular for a reason affordable price, but the quality here is also not high, which is not suitable for the construction of country houses, so experts categorically do not advise considering such wood, as well as fir, as a raw material, since here the disadvantages clearly outweigh the advantages.

Device for measuring wood moisture content - needle moisture meter

Before you begin assembling the log house, you need to pay attention to the moisture content of the timber. Without checking its level, which should be within 23%, the material cannot be used. If you neglect this rule, after some time you may encounter severe cracking of the structure. Therefore, at the acceptance stage, we recommend purchasing or renting a moisture meter, with which you can easily measure the moisture content of the received timber.

Now the workpieces are dried or in a natural way, or using drying chambers. In the first case, we are faced with a long process, which is why modern manufacturers give preference chamber drying. This process happens quickly, but here the cost of paying for energy increases, the material becomes more expensive and this affects the final cost for the buyer.

Description and characteristics

A beam is a log with hewn edges, mainly square section, can have different section sizes. This configuration is full of advantages, and above all, it is consistent thickness along the entire length, which simplifies the finishing process suburban buildings. You can also save on insulation here. Wood acquires special properties after it is treated with special impregnations that protect against moisture, combustion, and putrefactive processes.

Connecting elements

The beams can be connected in various ways:

• tongue and groove;
• half;
• end-to-end;
• on dowels, etc.

The simplest connection can be called a “butt” connection, and it is precisely this system that is used to equip the products from which economy-class country log houses are built. You can assemble it yourself easily and quickly, but you need to remember about the “cold” lock, which needs to be additionally insulated to prevent drafts and cold air masses from entering the living spaces.

The butt joint is the coldest and therefore requires additional insulation. Try to use a different type of joint.

Profiled timber

It has a special comb joint geometry, which makes the connection very tight and airtight. Now it is very common for year-round residence they build structures from precisely this material, because it has undeniable advantages before ordinary timber.

Profiled timber is made from solid logs, which are planed on all sides, have an ideal level of humidity, and are of the same thickness along the entire length.

Pros and cons of profiled material

The advantages of this technology include:

• simple installation diagram;
• strictly verified dimensions of lumber, specified by professional equipment;
• connections in the form of landing cups and grooves prevent cracking of wood during year-round use

Glued construction

Product manufacturing of this type consists in using lamellas glued together. To ensure that the finished product of modern industry is durable and lasts a long time, the drying process is carefully monitored. The technological instruction for gluing individual segments involves placing the best varieties wood in the outer part of the laminated timber.

The beams are fastened together using tenons and grooves, which is very practical and easy to implement. The technology for constructing such houses is accessible even to inexperienced developers, thanks to which anyone can complete most DIY work. The finished structure is lightweight, the log house is resistant to rotting, its elements do not crack and are not afraid of aggressive environmental conditions.

Construction technology

Nowadays the most popular are one-story log cabins, however, you can choose any project for yourself, including several levels; here everything depends on the wishes and capabilities of the developers. Let's consider step by step diagram construction of a country log house.

Foundation

First of all, you need to choose the type of foundation. It must be strong enough to reliably support the weight of the house and roof. You can choose - this is the most common and universal option.

Strip foundation- most popular type for a timber house

But if the soil on the site is loose, give preference, and the laying scheme looks like this:

• the site is marked out, highlighting the boundaries of the future home;
• a trench is dug with a depth below the freezing point of the soil (at least 60 cm);
• the trench is supplied with a sand and gravel cushion, with each layer being compacted to squeeze air out of the loose rocks;
• concrete solution is poured.

Construction of house structures

The first crown is laid on top. Its function can be performed by ordinary roofing material laid on a foundation screed. Make sure the roofing material is wider finished base by 35 – 40 cm.

It is very important that everyone wooden elements were pre-treated with antiseptic agents, because even if you install country houses made of heavy-duty wood, it may eventually lose its properties under the influence of external factors, which will lead to rotting of the material and, as a result, to deformation of the structure.

Features of connecting crowns

Strength timber walls is ensured thanks to a special fastening method. The log house is assembled using the tongue and groove method. The starting board must be firmly fixed to the foundation, and it is laid both on insulation and on a frame (lathing) knocked down from slats. The crowns are connected to each other with wooden or metal dowels.

Sealing rows and insulating joints with jute cloth and cord

All subsequent crowns are mounted on a seal that prevents condensation and mold infection. Thanks to the inter-crown seal, the log house acquires additional strength and tightness.

Corner connections

Beam extension

Due to inexperience, it may seem that the disadvantage of a timber frame is that the length of their walls does not match the length of the log, but this is absolutely not a problem if you ensure high-quality joining of the seams. All that is needed in this case is to slightly shift each subsequent joint, which will avoid the formation of a long continuous seam. This method vaguely resembles dressing brickwork and it is quite simple to implement.

Roof and floors

Flooring is also laid according to the standard.

Flooring can be laid in several ways, but the most optimal option is “floating” floors, because they do not create noise and, on the contrary, thanks to their special design, they absorb extraneous sounds. We recommend that you read the article about.

Having compared the pros and cons of technology and the construction process itself, we can confidently say that the advantages here outweigh by a huge margin. If you don't have finished dacha, but you have a plot of land and a strong desire to have your own home, we advise you to opt for a log house.