Construction of a two-story house from a bar. Main stages of construction

The quality of wood processing depends on how much the construction will cost, but before making a choice, it will not be superfluous to figure out what kind of timber is in principle.

What is the difference between the construction of a two-story house from a bar in terms of possible materials

It is not practical to start with a variety of available projects, since any house can be designed the way its residents will want it. Whereas the type of timber is almost a fundamental factor regarding not only the technical characteristics of the house, but also how much the latter will be built. After all, if which can also be seen on the website of our company, does not depend on the degree of moisture content of materials, then this criterion is very important for wood.

If construction two-story house from a bar is made of wood natural humidity, there are several things to consider:

• finishing such a house is possible only after shrinkage;
• it takes more than one or two months, because the construction phases are stretched and the settlement process is usually postponed to the next year.

This can be avoided only if the construction of a two-story house from a bar is carried out from the variety that is glued. Its cost is an order of magnitude higher, but the characteristics are better.

We will help you choose between different materials

Build from profiled or glued beams? This question does not concern except those who plan which are also present in the company's catalog. In practice, these two materials have common ground, but differ in the way they are processed:

• profiled timber is a single array of logs;
• glued timber is created from the most dense parts of each tree by gluing its individual fragments.

At the same time, the glued material has a minimum moisture content, therefore it is the most optimal and does not require shrinkage. If the construction of a two-story house from a bar

is made from profiled timber, not subjected to chamber drying, then the expectation is inevitable. After the roof has been erected, the construction is conserved and ready for finishing. two-storey houses mono will proceed only after shrinkage of the walls.

Our specialists are ready to advise on any issues related to the technical characteristics of the beam, as well as to explain how it is also different, different from the construction of the beam.

We know what specifics the construction of a two-story house made of timber has

The presence of the second floor is an increased load on the foundation. That is why it is so important that two-story houses are built by professionals. If the calculations are not followed, there is a high risk of soil slippage, therefore the professional construction of a two-story house from a bar should begin with geodesy of the construction site.

We guarantee not only projects of houses developed in accordance with all requirements for the construction of buildings with several floors, but also their adaptation to a specific construction site. And if the type of foundation is in doubt in relation to the specifics of the soil, the project will be reworked. Therefore, any of our two-story houses will withstand all the loads and serve more than one generation of owners.

Professional construction of a two-story house from a bar allows you to build that house, specifications which will be satisfied to the same extent as appearance together with internal layout. Just leave a request on the site and our specialists will contact you and help you decide on the project and materials for its implementation.

This is another issue of fundamental importance for customers. It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to it, even if we ignore the qualities of a particular material. The house can be compact or spacious and this is also of fundamental importance. Buildings with two floors also differ in the degree of architectural complexity of a particular project. Therefore, if you are concerned about the exact time frame for the construction of a two-story house made of timber, it makes sense to first decide on a specific project, and only then check with the managers for the timing of its possible implementation. In view of the certain complexity of the work, it is impossible to complete such construction without compromising quality in a few weeks.

Why us?

• Because we guarantee to complete the construction of a two-story house from a bar within the time specified in the contract.
• Because we use only high-quality material in the construction of two-story houses.
• Because we have enough experience to build not just a house, but a family fortress, albeit a wooden one, which will not cause complaints for many decades.

We are ready to carry out the construction of a two-story house from a bar and prove that this is not a myth!

Is it possible to build a two-story house from a bar? What should be its foundation? Does your home need additional insulation?

We will try to answer these questions in the article.

Fundamental possibility

And what, in fact, can prevent us from building? Of course, the compressive strength of wood. If under the weight of the house lower crown deformed or begins to collapse - there is little good in this.

Let's try to evaluate maximum load on the first crown for a house 8 by 8 meters, built from a pine beam with a section of 150 millimeters.

We will take the floor height equal to 3 meters, the total mass of the house - twice the mass of the outer walls.

Reference: the compressive strength of pine when a force is applied across the fibers is 415 kg/cm2 at a moisture content of 15% and 210 kg/cm2 at a moisture content of more than 30%. The density of wood is estimated at about 500 kg/m3.

• Total length external walls equal to 8x4 = 32 meters.
• The area of ​​the outer walls (we deliberately neglect openings and gables) is (3x2)x32=192 square meters.
• The volume of the timber will be equal to 192x0.15 = 28.8 m3.
• The mass of the walls is 28.8x500=14400 kg.
• The total mass of the house can be approximately estimated at 28,800 kilograms.
• Square horizontal surface one crown is equal to (8x4) * 0.15 \u003d 4.8 m2, or 48000 cm2.
• Thus, the specific pressure on the first crown can be estimated at 28800/48000=0.6 kg/cm2.

It is clear that our estimate does not take into account a lot of factors and is very approximate; however, with a 350-fold margin of safety (and this is the worst case, mind you), you can not worry about excessive stress on the material.

Foundation

What could be the foundation?

Since the mass of the building calculated by us is small, we can turn our attention to two designs, the most popular in do-it-yourself construction.

• A shallow strip foundation made of reinforced concrete is used in the construction of obviously heavier bricks, so there is no particular doubt.
• A cheaper foundation on screw piles requires preliminary calculation. We need to estimate the total number of piles: it should not be too large, otherwise the savings will be questionable.

Let's calculate the foundation on which a two-story house made of profiled timber measuring 9x9 meters can stand. The cross section of the beam is 240x240 millimeters; floor height - 3.2 meters. The material is dense and heavy larch.

Weight calculation

Reference: the density of larch at the optimal timber moisture content for construction of about 18% is estimated at 660 kg/m3.
The exact value depends on the region of growth: a cube of European larch weighs only 530 kg, but wood from Altai often exceeds 730 kg / m3.

• The total length of the walls is 9x4=36 meters.
• The area of ​​the walls (neglecting openings and gables) is 36x(3.2x2)=230.4 m2.
• Their volume with a wall thickness of 24 centimeters is 230.4x0.24 = 55.296 m3.
• The mass is obtained by simply multiplying the volume by the density: 55.296x660 = 36495.36 kg.
• As we remember, the mass of the house, provided that its design is balanced, is approximately equal to twice the mass bearing walls. 36495x2 = 72990 kg, or (rounded) 73 tons.

Calculation of the number of piles

Now let's turn to the reference data again.

Load bearing capacity screw pile depends on:

• The strength of the pile itself.
• The size of its blades, which rest on dense layers of soil.
• The bearing capacity of the soil underneath. Clearly, not on the surface, but at the level of the blades.

At the same time, the last point imposes the main restrictions: steel is usually able to endure much greater loads than soil without deformation.

1. For pile size 76/200 (pipe/blades) the recommended load is 1000 kg.
2. For 89/250 - 2000 kg.
3. For 108/300 - 2500 kg.

So, we need at least 73/2.5=30 (rounded to the nearest whole number) of 108/300 piles. Since our residential building has an area equal to 9x9 \u003d 81 m2, one pile will, on average, fall on 2.7 m2 of its area.

Cost calculation

The average price of a pile of this size is about 3,000 rubles, which will give us the cost of a foundation of 90,000. Of course, with self-assembly: if you screw the piles with the involvement of a hydraulic drill, the costs will increase to at least 150,000 rubles.

Is it a lot or a little?

Let's put it this way: the cost of materials for manufacturing strip foundation of this size is estimated at about 150-160 thousand rubles. The services of hired workers will cost at least another hundred.

So, in the general case, two-story houses made of timber get along well with a light screw foundation.

thermal insulation

How to build a house that will not be cold in winter? Or, more precisely, how thick should the walls be so that heating costs are not excessive? Does the beam need insulation?

Calculator for calculating the amount of insulation (ecowool):

What we insulate	Density kg/m3	Insulation area, m2:	Insulation thickness, cm:	Weight kg:	Number of bags (15kg):
Horizontal structures (floor, ceiling)
Inclined structures (attic)
Vertical structures (walls)
Wet adhesive application

The instruction for selecting the thickness of the material for the walls is associated with two parameters, which, again, will have to be looked for in reference books.

1. The norms of thermal resistance of walls are different for each climate zone . It is clear that what colder winter, the greater the temperature difference between the house and the street, the greater the heat leakage through the walls and the better their thermal insulation qualities should be.
2. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity different materials noticeably different. If 25 centimeters of polystyrene provide excellent thermal insulation even in the north of Yakutia, then 25 centimeters brickwork the heat in the house is clearly not kept.

In the photo - winter Yakutsk. There are special requirements for insulation.

Let's dive into reference books.

Heat transfer resistance

Requirements for different regions Russia are set out in SNiP 23-02-2003.

Here are the values ​​for several cities from different climatic zones.

• In Anadyr, the thermal resistance of the walls must be at least 4.89 m2 * C / W.
• In Verkhoyansk, the climate is even more severe: there is a minimum of 5.6 m2 * C / W.
• In Krasnoyarsk - 3.59 m2 * C / W.
• In Kursk - 2.9 m2 * C / W.
• In Murmansk - 3.68 m2 * C / W.
• In Moscow - 3.15 m2 * C / W.
• In Salekhard - 4.46 m2 * C / W.
• In St. Petersburg - 3.06 m2 * C / W.
• In warm Sochi - only 1.83 m2 * C / W.

Thermal conductivity

It is measured in the number of watts of thermal energy that are lost through a meter-thick wall with a one degree difference on its sides (W / m * C).

In general, the higher the density of a material, the higher its thermal conductivity.

• For spruce timber, thermal conductivity is distinguished along the fibers (0.18 W / m * C) and across the fibers (0.09).
• For brick - 0.56.
• For foam concrete - 0.09 - 0.28, depending on the density.
• has a thermal conductivity of 0.13 W / m * C across the fibers and 0.26 - along.
• Mineral wool at a density of 50 kg / m3 - 0.048, at 100 kg / m3 - 0.056.

In the table - Additional Information on the thermal conductivity of some materials.

Calculation

It is simple: to get the minimum wall thickness in meters, you need to multiply the normalized heat transfer resistance by the thermal conductivity of the material. So, for spruce timber in Sochi minimum thickness equal to 1.83x0.09 \u003d 0.1647 meters.

What to do if you have a smaller section material at your disposal? Perform external insulation with any vapor-permeable material.

1. With a thickness of 0.1 meters spruce timber will provide heat transfer resistance of 0.1/0.09=1.1 m2*C/W.
2. should have thermal resistance in 1-83-1.1=0.73 m2*C/W.
   
3. The minimum thickness of a mineral wool layer with a density of 50 kg / m3 will be 0.73x0.048 = 0.35 meters. Accordingly, five-centimeter mats are quite enough.

Conclusion

Both strength and other characteristics of the timber make it possible to build two-story houses from it without any restrictions. The video in this article is ready to supplement the topic with visual information. Successes in construction!

Buildings over one story high are practical in the long run – cost square meter the second floor is 30% smaller than the first. In addition, the owner receives twice as much usable area on a small plot of land. Ready-made projects of two-story houses made of profiled timber are calculated with an accuracy of up to 1000 rubles and are being built according to a clear, well-established scheme. This means that when choosing 2-story timber house projects at Lestek, you receive insurance against possible errors builders or designers. Each of the options presented on the site was built at least once (and some - many times), and all possible flaws were taken into account over the 10-year period of building houses.

How to choose the right projects of houses from a bar in two floors

The first and most important thing to determine is the number of bedrooms of the future home. The area and cost of construction will depend on this by 70%. You can save space at the expense of corridors, bathrooms, pantries, a living room, but bedrooms of 12-20 m² each are added and removed entirely, and this must be taken into account when considering projects of 2-storey houses on our website. Use the convenient selection form finished house in the "Projects" section and make sure that a log house is not only beautiful, but also economical.

Two-story houses made of profiled timber have been the specialization of the Lestek company since 2008. We have produced more than five hundred sets of houses for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region and are pleased to offer you our experience. There are many in the catalog finished projects two-story log houses, and we are ready to develop for you individual project with a detailed calculation for a specific area. To inform us of special conditions or to receive free consultation call the phone number indicated on the site or fill out the form on the site - our specialist will contact you at a convenient time.

Once deciding to build a two-story log house, the owner acquires a lot of benefits, with regards not only to a separate residence, but also to other important factors. But a prudent owner should also be aware of the shortcomings of such construction before making a choice in favor of a bar. Read more about the pros and cons of building and subsequent living in objects of this type below.

Common building material problems

Timber as a building material is no exception. The difference can only be in its processing. Types in ascending quality:

• Simple, uncut. The only advantage will be solid wood, which means that the environment will not be disturbed.

And yes, the price is reasonable. But! When shrinking, such a material is capable of cracks, large gaps, and torsion.

• profiled. It has interlock connections, allowing to simplify the assembly of a two-story building or any other. It is also solid wood.

It is presented for sale impregnated with all types of protection. The troubles are identical: the beam leads, defects appear in the form of cracks.

• Glued. Belongs to the elite class. Timber two-story houses made of glued material look more than presentable and expensive.

Ideal geometry and appearance overshadow the obvious disadvantage - a large number of chemical glue casts doubt on environmental cleanliness, for which the construction is actually started wooden house.

The listed materials can be combined, but then the price increases accordingly. Having decided on the choice, the customer on import must note all the correspondence of the material with the invoice. Namely:

By strictly following the rules, there is a chance to acquire really high-quality construction wood.

Construction process. Nuances

It is possible to build a timber two-story house with your own hands. Difficulties will be many and are listed below common mistakes homegrown craftsmen gleaned from dubious sources. So:

1. Arrange block foundations for timber raw materials. As has already been said, winter bar cannot be thin and light. A two-story structure implies a fairly strong load on the platform. Savings offered cellular concrete, is inappropriate here. Enough monolithic reinforced tape with a depth of 70 cm, subject to good occurrence of water layers. Otherwise, you will have to make a solid monolithic slab.
2. In addition to resinifying the foundation, it is necessary to lay it with roofing felt or rolled rubber. Protecting wood from condensation - saving crowns from premature decay. Replacing it is problematic.
3. Cannot be used when self construction metal fasteners. Nails were invented for working with wood - wooden elements rectangular shape. Inserted into round holes, they will be the key to the fortress. Metal is subject to corrosion and as a result, damage to wood is guaranteed.
4. The absence of an interventional sealant in the case of working with profiled timber, even if the manufacturer claims that his material does not need it, is a gross violation of construction technology, as well as the absence of caulking. In this case, the owner will receive housing blown by all winds.
5. The rafter system should be calculated by a specialist - the roof is a rather responsible structure, even if the model is simple. Bearing elements cannot be thinner than the main beam. Perhaps the reduction of the section is only on the crate.
6. Roof insulation - milestone. It is impossible to allow the racks to freeze.

The list of conditions is incomplete. It is best to use the knowledge obtained from consultations with specialists from the companies where the timber was purchased.

To attract customers, many of them provide services of this kind, especially if you buy a ready-made house kit. In this case, the construction is supervised by a foreman with experience.

After erection and finishing, and, possibly, settlement, the owners should not have unreasonable thoughts about the fact that everything possible has already been done. They should remember - regular maintenance of two-story houses and other wooden buildings from a bar - a guarantee of their durability. What are these actions?

Protection

Stopping spoilage

It also happens that new objects suffer from pockets of mold, fungus and a network of small cracks.

There are many reasons for this, and before you think about why the trouble happened, you need to get rid of it.

So mold and mildew.

Large lesions are cut out in pieces, small ones are cleaned, cauterized with a bacteriological substance and cleaned off with a grinder.

After - these places are again impregnated with compounds.

Get rid of cracks, if they are still small, you can do this: the place is cleaned with emery. Waste - dust and shavings - are mixed with wood glue, and the paste is applied to the grid of cracks. After some solidification, the area is polished.

redevelopment

Sometimes it lovely way conduct overhaul. Having conceived the new kind own house, you can see the changes and your own mistakes on the old building or hide irremediable defects.

So, for example, timber two-story houses with a bay window will help to hide not too presentable walls - this is a remote element that serves not only as a usable area, but also as additional stability for the entire structure. It is possible to build such an addition without drastically changing general view building.

The mass enthusiasm for synthetic materials is gradually subsiding, everything most of individual developers are looking for house designs that would meet the requirement modern man and at the same time be as environmentally friendly as possible. Two-storey house from a bar it may well embody the dream of any family about a warm and reliable family nest. Designers love this material and offer projects for every taste in size and cost.

The project of a cottage with an attic made of profiled timber

House on two floors square shape allows you to compactly place residential and utility rooms, can be supplemented with a cellar, garage, sauna. The beam allows you to create buildings of various sizes at the request and capabilities of the customer: 6x6, 8x8, 9x9, 10x10 m - a house of any size will have high quality characteristics.

Bruce is wooden lumber, which in section have the shape of a regular rectangle or square, are made of solid wood sawing or gluing from individual boards. For the manufacture of timber, pine, spruce and some other conifers trees, as natural tree resins give such material additional strength and resistance to the influence of various atmospheric phenomena.

Project of a cottage 10x10 from a bar

Varieties of timber differ in shape and according to the principle of manufacture. Ordinary timber- this is a solid material of even rectangular shape, without grooves and protrusions, of uniform thickness along the entire length. Elements of profiled timber have grooves, protrusions, ridges, which allows you to more closely combine the elements at the junction.

Thanks to modern technologies solid and glued beams are produced. Each of these varieties has its own advantages.

Solid timber is made by sawing out of solid wood. Glued laminated timber is obtained by gluing individual boards pre-treated with antiseptics and refractory agents with resins. Sometimes, to give strength, these components can be made of different breeds trees. Which beam is more suitable in each case can be determined by reading comparative characteristic different types this material.

Detailed layout of all floors of the house from a bar 10x10

Choice for a small cottage

Classic dimensions of profiled glued laminated timber make it the most popular building material for . Most of these houses are designed for dacha construction, their area allows economical use small plot. Modern, which provides for an economical layout, allow the use of such a house for permanent residence outside the city of a small family. Optional .

A variant of the project and layout of a 6x6 house from a bar

The size of 6x6 m allows you to fold the house with the least number of joints, which guarantees it additional thermal insulation and the ability to build a home on its own and with minimal cost.
offer a typical layout that includes a kitchen, bathroom and one room on the ground floor, and a bedroom or two on the second. According to the wishes and needs of the family, the layout can be changed.
Featured Sample typical layout small house shows that the option is no worse than a standard three-room city apartment, and if you add court buildings, a garden and your own courtyard, it will be obvious that the house is much superior to the apartment in terms of comfort.

The comfort of a large family

A large family requires their own home, which could provide everyone with a separate corner and a place in which the whole family could gather. Such a house requires equipment for utility rooms common use, garage, cellar.

Two-story houses 8x8 m from solid profiled timber can satisfy such requests. Building a two-story house doubles construction time and costs, but makes it easier to meet all needs more family members.

For design decoration there is also more space, the exterior design of the house can have many options. As for, projects created according to individual requests are more expensive than typical ones, but they allow you to use the space as you wish.

The layout of the two floors of the cottage 8x6 meters

Construction from profiled timber makes it possible to save on the services of specialized companies and build a house on your own, but you still cannot do without assistants in this option. Some processes, especially on the second floor, require effort.

All in one

The presence of a large free area and, most importantly, funds, allows you to start building a large two-story log house. The shape of the room can be chosen differently, but the square is the most suitable geometry for ergonomic placement. interior spaces. Houses 9x9 and 10x10 m in two floors can not only comfortably accommodate a large family, but also accommodate outbuildings with a garage under one roof. The plans of such premises sometimes optionally include two or more bathrooms or separate bathrooms for washing.
A 9x9 or 10x10 m house can be turned into a real palace if designed accordingly.

Project of a cottage from profiled timber 6x9

A very large family requires many bedrooms, several bathrooms,. The average family can afford corridors in such a house, connected corridors with a garage, sauna, boiler room, pantry.

Some projects are planning to host utility rooms on the first floor, which also has a kitchen-dining room, a bathroom, and the second - completely sleeping, for relaxation.

Another accommodation option: when the economic part occupies one part of the house on two floors, and the second part, in fact, is residential. This location can be convenient for a family that combines the territory of residence with small business, for example, a car repair shop or farming.

Advantages of timber houses

To sum up all the positive and negative qualities profiled timber, as a material for building houses of various sizes, one common motivation for the choice of many developers in its favor can be deduced.

The project of a two-story wooden house with a veranda on two floors

1. Logs for turning into timber are carefully examined, rotten and spoiled are rejected. The material is dried, so the finished structure does not shrink or deform.
2. The house is strong and durable.
3. Environmental friendliness wooden material undeniable. Slightly reduced by the use of resins for gluing and impregnation, but their effect is not so significant if you buy finished timber proven, well-established companies.
4. The beam allows you to create various architectural forms.
5. Facilitated interior decoration, since the beam allows you to make various grooves and holes for communications.
6. A house made of timber has good thermal insulation characteristics.