How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands - instructions with drawings. Making wooden stairs, on a metal frame and on concrete flights with your own hands for a private house How to make a comfortable staircase to the second floor

One of the serious stages interior design two-story private house - construction of a flight of stairs intended for climbing upstairs. Here the homeowner is faced with a choice: hire experienced craftsmen for this work or take on the production himself. The second option is supported by cost savings and the conscientiousness with which the owner will get down to business in his own home. All that remains is to fill the gap in knowledge and understand how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, having carefully studied our recommendations.

Staircase diagrams for climbing to the second floor

To build an interfloor passage yourself, you need to choose a suitable structure that will fit in the allocated area and at the same time be safe to use. But first you should understand the names of the elements and details of the stairs:

• bowstring (otherwise - stringer) - a longitudinal beam that serves as a support for the steps;
• tread – the upper plane of the step;
• riser - an opening between two treads;
• the support post is used in some structures for the installation of stringers or steps;
• baluster - vertical support for railings.

Straight staircase 1 flight

To organize the ascent to top floor In a private house, it is customary to build 4 types of stairs:

1. Straight marching with or without a transition platform.
2. Rotatable 90 or 180° with winder steps.
3. Screw.
4. Compact ladder " goose step».

Reference. To save usable space and building materials the listed structures are located along the walls. The exception is the screw structure, located in any convenient place, even in the middle of the hallway or hall.

A simple staircase to the second floor consists of one flight with a railing. It is not difficult to make, but with a ceiling height of more than 2.5 m, the building will take up a significant area. To save space, it would be more correct to make the ascent according to a scheme with two flights and a transition platform, as shown above in the photo.

The design of turning (winder) steps allows you to effectively use the entire length of the staircase and thus reduce the size of the span. The assembly of such a structure is somewhat more complicated due to the installation of a support pillar and the manufacture of wedge-shaped shaped steps.

Drawing of a turning staircase

If there is very little space in the house or country house, then it makes sense to build a spiral staircase or a “goose step” type structure shown in the photo. In the first case, all the steps are winders and are attached at one end to the support pillar, and in the second they are cut in width so that you can put your foot on only one side. It is quite difficult to make a screw structure from scratch, but the goose step ladder is built using the same technology as conventional marching ascents.

Note. Typically, homeowners purchase metal, wood, and glass spiral staircases as ready-made kits that are installed on site. It's easy to find on sale now beautiful products, in harmony with any interior, but such pleasure cannot be called cheap.

This is what a steep flight of stairs looks like, like a goose step.

To finally select a suitable staircase design for the second floor, you should calculate the size and number of steps.

Calculation of interfloor stairs

For calculations, you need to know the height difference between the finished floors of the first and second floors, as well as the size of the area that you are ready to allocate for a conditional staircase. The calculation method does not depend on the chosen design and is based on the following requirements to ensure convenience and safety during its operation:

• tread width - at least 26 cm;
• step height – no more than 20 cm;
• the slope of the flight of stairs should be within the range from 27 to 42°;
• railing height – from 900 mm;
• The minimum span width is 90 cm.

Advice. In order to correctly calculate the parameters of a flight of stairs and decide on its design, it is recommended to solve the problem graphically. Make your own mini-project by drawing by hand or on the computer drawings showing the staircase in plan and side view.

The essence of the calculation is to determine the number of steps and the total length of the climb, taking into account the slope of the homemade ladder. It is proposed to consider the order of calculations using the example country cottage with a height difference of 3 m:

1. To prevent the climb from being steep, let’s take the most convenient riser height – 15 cm. The number of steps is calculated by dividing the total height by this value: 300 cm / 15 cm = 20 pcs.
2. Taking the width of the tread equal to 30 cm, we calculate the length of the span: 30 cm x 20 = 600 cm or 6 m.
3. Having drawn a sketch of such a wooden staircase with a side view, we will determine the slope angle - 27°.

Design diagram of a straight march with a slight slope

The 6 m long structure shown in the picture will not fit into every home, so its design will have to be adjusted. Option one: break the climb into 2 flights of equal length and make a transition platform. Taking into account its size, which is equal to the minimum span width, the length of the ladder will be 3.9 m, which is also quite a lot. To some extent, sacrificing amenities, the dimensions of the stairs can be optimized as follows:

• reduce the width of the step to 26 cm;
• increase height to 18 cm;
• move the tread forward 3 cm.

Optimized staircase diagram

Using the instructions given above, we calculate the new parameters of the flight of stairs and get the number of steps 17 pcs., the angle of inclination is 37°, and the total length is 3.7 m. If we organize a 90° turn of the flight with three winder steps instead of a landing, then the length of the rise it will be possible to reduce it to 3 m, and this is quite acceptable. You will get more visual information about calculating flights of stairs by watching the video:

Important point. All home buildings, including interfloor stairs, must be safe for small children. Provide gaps between the balusters according to the child’s age so that he cannot squeeze between them and fall.

Construction materials

The best material for making a staircase with your own hands is wood. It is not only easy to process, but also fits well into any interior. Metal structures are more durable, but at the same time heavier and more difficult to assemble, not to mention the cost of iron elements. Dried wood of the following species is suitable for construction:

• ash;
• aspen;
• coniferous species: spruce, pine, larch.

Advice. You should not use birch for construction inside a house, as it quickly dries out and loses its appearance.

To make stringers, you will need a board with a thickness of 40 mm or more of the required length (splicing a bowstring from pieces is unacceptable). The width of the board should be 25-30% greater than the calculated tread width. A wooden beam with a cross-section of 10 x 10 cm or more, depending on the length of the supporting part and the weight of the structure, is suitable for the outer and intermediate posts for the railing.

The appearance of a wooden staircase largely depends on the design of the balusters. In order to beautifully design the railing, it is better to order the production of balusters somewhere in production, where they will be turned according to your drawing lathe. If you are skilled in wood carving, then you can design the stands yourself. Also, do not forget to purchase fasteners - self-tapping screws, metal pins or dowels for installing balusters, nails.

Installation Guide

IN Lately wooden stairs to the second floor, equipped with turning steps, have gained popularity. They take a little room space and are relatively easy to assemble, so we will give step-by-step instructions for installing such a structure. First of all, prepare the necessary tools and a stepladder or a simple ladder for temporary access to the second floor. Then proceed in this order:

1. Mark the blanks according to your drawing. For convenience, you can make wooden template, in order to draw cutting lines along the stringers using one sample. Cut out the pieces with an electric jigsaw.
2. Install the support post and attach it as shown in the picture below. Make grooves in it for attaching winder steps and bowstrings.
3. Secure both stringers - screw the first one to the wall, and the second one to the vertical post and the end of the interfloor ceiling.
4. To support the winder steps, install horizontal bars on the wall. Mount 2 bowstrings for a short flight - the entrance to the stairs.
5. Install all the steps, moving from bottom to top. Mark the attachment points for the balusters on them.
6. Secure the balusters to dowels or studs, and install the railings.

Scheme of fastening the central support and assembling the flight of stairs

Advice. Don't cut 3 turning steps from one array. It turns out that the fibers of the first of them will be located across the length of the tread, causing the step to break at the slightest load.

Risers homemade stairs it makes sense to make them closed if you plan to sew up the space under the march (for example, for a pantry). In other cases, it is not necessary to seal the openings between the steps. To extend the service life, finish the flight of stairs - treat the wood with an antiseptic compound and varnish. How to properly assemble a turning ladder yourself is described in the next video:

Conclusion

When building a wooden staircase, pay Special attention preliminary stages– calculation, marking and cutting of parts. If you make a mistake here, it can be difficult to eliminate it during assembly, including redoing the stringers. Think about the design of balusters and railings, study existing options from the photographs and choose the most interesting and suitable for the interior of your home.

Design engineer with more than 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronics Industry Equipment in 2011.

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When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you start doing the work, do the math carefully. future design on strength and size, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

Exists a large number of different options flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

When limited space, make a spiral staircase out of metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

IN low-rise building, without any construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of construction set where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.

When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to external finishing(a beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you don’t need to jump straight into a complex structure. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal elevation angle is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase into a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must withstand average weight an ordinary person with a fair amount of reserve. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

As a material for stringers a board will do made of pine 4 cm thick. Mark the steps on it according to the pattern and cut it out with a jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the staircase is more than a meter, then the third) stringer. Cut to size required amount steps.

The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!

DIY photo of the stairs

Note!

IN modern world Many people wonder how to make a staircase to the second floor themselves, because the presence of an upper level is not uncommon these days. At the same time, I want to create a design that will have a moderate cost and originality, but in the case of an order from a specialized company, this is difficult to achieve.

Although the construction similar design It is considered not such a simple matter; it is quite possible to do it with your own hands.

When determining the load-bearing capacity, all structural elements of the system are divided into single-span and cantilever beams, the number of which is calculated using special formulas. Due to the presence of dynamic loads, quite serious requirements are imposed on the rigidity of the load-bearing parts.

Thus, the dead weight of the structure and temporary loads of 300 kg per square meter are taken into account.

• The width of the flight of stairs for the comfortable passage of one person should be at least 80 cm.
• The size of the tread is chosen so that the leg can rest with its full foot. Typically, a distance of 200 to 320 mm is ideal for this purpose. With other indicators, people may lose their step.
• The optimal lifting height is 150 mm. Low steps can significantly lengthen the system, depriving it of its compactness, while too high steps can make movement inconvenient.
• The overhang of the tread over the previous rise should not exceed 50 mm, otherwise there is a risk of getting caught by the foot. Such a protrusion is usually made when it is not possible to increase the width of the step in any other way.
• The most convenient design angles range from 23 to 37 degrees. The space occupied largely depends on this factor.
• The number of steps is determined by the height of the floor and the slope of the structure, but it is recommended to make from 3 to 18 pieces.

Note!
Having familiarized yourself with the above dimensions, you can easily understand how to properly make a staircase to the second floor.
However, in addition to theoretical aspects, detailed information about manufacturing will be needed.

Design options

Most often, when constructing an interfloor system, two materials are used: wood and metal. Despite the final choice, several types of stairs can be distinguished, based on design features. Both metal and wooden crafts have a similar structure, but different ways fastening elements.

Systems on stringers

The load-bearing elements are wooden blocks or metal beams with special cutouts for stair steps. Of course, everyone decides for themselves how best to make the staircase to the second floor, but thanks to the support posts, this structure acquires visual compactness and extraordinary lightness.

If necessary, it can be decorated with impressive decorative components.

1. From timber with a cross-section of 60×250 mm, cutouts are made for the steps from the end part to form unique scarves. It is advisable to completely treat wooden parts with protective compounds.
2. Ready-made stringers are installed in the opening area using self-tapping screws or ordinary nails. In some cases, strengthening helps to provide metal parts.
3. From boards required thickness parts are cut to cover the rises on the horizontal and vertical sides or metal fragments are prepared.
4. The elements are fastened in any of numerous ways, while it is better to install the planks perpendicular to the floor first. It is advisable to cover them afterwards.
5. Railings are made, consisting of separate posts and handrails. The supporting balusters are made more massive in contrast to their intermediate counterparts.

Addition!
It was outlined above how to make a staircase to the second floor using stringers.
If this option suits someone, then it can be brought to life using wood, metal and other materials.

Designs on bowstrings

Apply to the device support beams, but unlike the previous analogue, the cutouts for the steps are made with inside. That is, the ends of the rises are completely or partially hidden by an inclined bar.

To avoid warping of the structure, special attention must be paid to the accuracy of the grooves made.

1. Two bowstrings are cut to specified sizes. To do this, they must be installed in the place where the new staircase will be located.
2. The locations of the steps are determined, after which special grooves for the horizontal elements are cut out.
3. Side holes are drilled for the tie rods, which will prevent the support posts from moving apart.
4. The second string is pre-installed, but not completely fixed, after which the boards for the steps are inserted.
5. Having completed all the steps indicated in the previous paragraph, use a wooden hammer to knock out the entire support post.
6. The inclined elements are pulled together, for which washers and nuts are placed on the studs.
7. The remaining holes are closed with special plastic caps, which must match the color of the wood.

Attention!
It was described above how to make a wooden staircase to the second floor, but in the case of metal elements stair string special supports for steps can be welded.

Analogues on Bolts

Initially, such structures were used when it was necessary to build a convenient ascent to the attic or descent to the basement. However, gradually they began to be actively used in residential buildings, which is due to originality and aesthetics.

Various materials make it possible to choose the appearance of the system: elite wood species, metal, stone and glass.

1. First, they are installed in the side plane of the room rubber gaskets, after which large bolts (bolts) are inserted, to which the steps will be attached.
2. After marking has been completed, the installation of the staircase supporting balusters begins, which are fixed as securely as possible. The fence posts are attached to the ceiling with special metal brackets.
3. After carrying out the work related to the installation of balusters, the assembly of handrails and bolts that combine the fencing posts is carried out. The front edge of the step above rests on the back side of the lower rise.

Note!
Above is information on how to make a staircase to the 2nd floor yourself using bolts.
During the work there is no need to use any scaffolding, since flight of stairs collected from bottom to top.

• When constructing structures equipped with winder steps, the geometry of the stringers is different, so the cutouts must be marked according to the dimensions of each rise.
• If the scarves turn out to be quite deep and weaken the system to some extent, then it is advisable to increase their number. For example, make three or four support posts with cutouts.
• It is better to attach the steps to the racks themselves in a hidden way, then the aesthetic component will not suffer. You can also improve the appearance by using carved elements.

Important!
The instructions provided should help you choose best option staircase design for a residential building, having first looked at the manufacturing technology.

Finally

Watching the thematic video in this article will allow you to understand this topic as accurately as possible, so it is recommended that after studying the textual information you also familiarize yourself with it. In order for the final price of the structure to remain minimal, it is necessary not only to carry out the work yourself, but also to select the right materials.

How to make a ladder with your own hands? This is the question asked by those who want to build a house or cottage on their own, or equip a two-level apartment. By and large, there is nothing special in the arrangement of the stairs, since Newest technologies significantly simplify this process. Therefore, if you are a skilled person, then make metal staircase or a wooden staircase with your own hands will not be difficult. In this article you will learn what types of interfloor stairs there are, what material they are made of and how to calculate the main parameters of the stairs. Follow the instructions carefully and you will succeed!

Staircase as an interior attribute

The staircase is one of central elements interior of the room, and when designing it, great attention should be paid appearance, without forgetting functionality and reliability. Before directly creating a staircase, it is recommended to take into account some factors on which its size and design will depend.

Such factors include the available area and height of the room, the convenience of using stairs for people living in the house, and maximum load for which the product is designed.

Architects argue that, as the focal point of the interior, the staircase carries the most important stylistic and structural load. Harmony between aesthetics and functionality can be achieved through careful planning during the development stage project documentation. The geometric construction of the staircase depends on the design, material and operating conditions, so it must be determined before the start of construction work.

Thanks to modern technologies, the staircase can be impressive, equipped with french style from the time of Louis XII, lightweight in the ultra-modern high-tech style or massively rough in the country style.

Marching stairs

Before deciding which staircase to choose, it is worth considering the main types - marching and spiral staircases. The design of a flight of stairs is quite simple and will suit you if you plan to make it yourself (flights are continuous rows of steps). But in this case, to ensure an acceptable slope and height of the steps, a considerable area is needed. Such staircase models are very easy to use and can withstand heavy loads. Using the flight of stairs you can easily lift furniture and large objects to the second floor.

Such stairs are safe in all aspects, and therefore they are best choice if elderly people or children live in the house.
Marching stairs are straight and rotary. The first ones are the simplest. They are durable in design, easy to manufacture and convenient to use. If there are more than ten steps in the staircase, the flight is divided into two parts by an intermediate platform. So it turns out turning staircase. The advantage of a rotary model over a straight one is that steps at the same height occupy less area. Such stairs are usually installed along two walls, creating a storage room underneath them.

Spiral staircases

Spiral staircases have a more complex staircase frame: they consist of winder steps that are placed along the correct radius. They are used in cases of limited space, when it is not possible to create a safe slope of a conventional staircase due to lack of space. A spiral staircase is usually installed between two walls in the corner. The main disadvantages include the not very convenient design, which makes lifting difficult and does not allow moving large objects. However, a skillfully made spiral staircase is sufficiently durable and can act as the main connecting link of the interior; then it is installed in the center of the hall.

Spiral staircases can be purchased in a ready-to-install version. But depending on the wishes of the client, many architects deviate from the usual canons and go for some kind of experiment. As a result of such creativity, unexpected avant-garde designs are born. For example, curved stairs with steps located along an uneven radius (S-shaped, triangle, oval), broken (curvilinear, Z-shaped), petal (asymmetric steps, duck step) and attached models on casters.

Material for making stairs

Whatever staircase option you choose, ultimately, its durability and quality will depend on the materials used to construct the staircase. The material for making steps is stone (brick, shell rock, expanded clay concrete) or hard wood (ash, oak, maple, spruce, pine). Metals and their various alloys - aluminum or stainless steel. Staircases also look good in the interiors of modern houses. combined type that are assembled from plastic, wood and metal.

When choosing materials for making stairs with your own hands, you must remember that stone steps are made only from blocks that have been prepared industrial method and not otherwise. With artisanal methods of making steps from stone, it is unlikely that it will be possible to avoid cracks on them.

Wood can be easily processed at home and additionally gives a decorative effect when correct use paints and varnishes. In order to prevent deformation, steps made of wood should be assembled from separate lamellas, which are glued together according to special technologies. Wooden stairs made from oak planks are especially strong and durable.

Ready-made staircase sets

A large number of manufacturers offer ready-made kits to private developers various kinds prefabricated stairs, which are manufactured in compliance with all necessary technical standards according to standard sizes from various materials.
This option will be acceptable for you if you want to save a significant amount of money on installation and want to be sure of the quality finished stairs. Before ordering a kit, it is recommended to calculate the stairs by measuring the height from the flight of stairs to the floor, the width and length of the flight of stairs.

Then you should select suitable size, type of staircase and material, and then you can order the model from the warehouse. Ready-made kits staircases for installation in your home are so diverse that a private developer is not limited in realizing his design imagination. All production ladders are divided into several classes: economy, elite and business.

How to make your own stairs

To make a wooden staircase with your own hands, you first need to determine the geometry of the staircase opening. A spiral staircase looks best in the opening as a circle, while a rectangle or square will harmoniously fit a regular staircase. Designed for beginners in the construction business simple designs, for example, stairs with winder steps mounted on a stringer.

Components of the staircase

Those developers who are faced with the manufacture of stairs for the first time should get acquainted with the main structural elements stairs to understand what will be discussed later.

• Marching flight - steps running in a straight line;
• Turning area - the area that separates the march flights;
• Riser - vertical parts of steps;
• Stringer - monolithic wooden or metal beam for securing steps;
• Steps - horizontal parts of steps;
• Balusters - supports for railings;
• Bowstring - a side beam that connects the steps;
• Winder steps are steps that structurally allow the staircase to turn;
• Frieze steps are the bottom and top steps of each floor.

Building codes

Any staircase must comply with the established building regulations, guarantee the safety of those living in the house and ensure a comfortable climb to the second floor. Too high steps of the staircase make it difficult to climb, and small steps are dangerous and inconvenient - if you step too quickly and too often, you can trip. When building interfloor stairs, developers very often make mistakes. Therefore, it is necessary to design the project in detail and competently and make accurate calculations of the structure.

The first condition for the successful manufacture of interfloor stairs with your own hands is the correct calculation of the structure. Decide for yourself whether the staircase will be double-flight or single-flight, how wide you will make the staircase, what the height of the risers will be, and how wide the steps will be.

Width, height and angle of inclination of the stairs

When determining the width of the stairs, it should be remembered that the wider the structure, the better. Such stairs are safer and more comfortable for walking. To find out what height to make a wooden staircase, it is worth fixing a straight board on the top of the terrace in such a way that it overlaps with a margin the place from which the stairs are supposed to rise. Using a level, it is recommended to check the horizontal position of the board and adjust if necessary.

Next you need to calculate the angle of inclination of the future staircase, because correct angle Tilt is a basic requirement for safe and comfortable movement. After all, going down or going up too steep stairs is difficult. The most convenient angle for moving up the stairs will be between 30 and 45 degrees. In addition, a design with a smaller angle takes up more space.

Riser height and step width

Having received the width and height of the stairs, you can begin to calculate the height of the riser. For climbing in practice, the most convenient are stairs with a riser height of 140 - 170 millimeters and a step width of 340 - 370 millimeters.
The height of the riser should be no more than 200 millimeters and no less than 120 millimeters.

The protrusion of the step should be about 20-40 millimeters. The higher you make the riser, the narrower the step should be, and vice versa. The width of the steps should at least be equal to its height. It is advisable that the step of your stairs corresponds to shoe size 42 or reaches 28-30 centimeters.

Marking stringers and cutting steps

Before placing the steps, you should decide how the stringer will join the terrace. It is directly attached to the terrace beam or under the platform to the structure in such a way that the last step is considered to be the surface of the terrace.
Next, take a metal marking square and a pattern, on which you should mark the calculated height of the riser, for example, 17 centimeters, and the width of the step, for example, 29 centimeters. And use a pattern to mark the stringer.

Next, use a circular saw to cut out the steps. Be careful, it is highly inadvisable to go beyond the lines. It is better to finish the sections with a handsaw. Then, using the finished stringer, mark the remaining stringers. It is not recommended to skimp on them because they provide rigidity to your stairs. But when deflections occur in the steps, the entire structure begins to loosen.

After this, cut the risers and steps. Please note that steps should be cut taking into account the thickness of the risers. And do not forget to take into account the protrusion of the step above the riser by 20-40 millimeters

Material selection

Any developer, after calculating the staircase and its main parameters, must choose a material, because the final cost, aesthetic appearance and operational properties of the finished staircase depend on it. Nowadays, oak, linden, pine, metal and glass are more popular. The material used to make the steps should ideally match the overall style of the home's interior.

If the floors in the room are finished with wood, then it is better to make the steps from raushpunt. To create balusters you need bars 50 by 50 centimeters; a blockhouse can make beautiful railings. Buy decorative elements You can find it at any building materials store. Make regular and winder steps in the quantity needed to make your own stairs. To make the edges look neater, they should be processed with a round cutter.

Installation of staircase structure

The installation of a staircase structure on stringers should begin with the installation of a support column and the installation of risers. You can secure the structure using self-tapping screws, but it is better to also use liquid nails so that the stairs do not creak. Then you need to adjust the turning steps. Now the base of the structure is ready.

It is necessary to mark the placement of the stringers on the wall; if the need arises, adjustments should be made to the calculated dimensions of the steps. Then the drawing is transferred from the wall to tracing paper, and after that - to the preparation of stringers. Using a simple hacksaw and a circular saw, recesses are made for the steps.

The finished stringer is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws. The steps and riser are connected to the stringer and to each other in the same way; the heads of the screws go deep into the wood. The open part of the steps of your staircase is closed with a bowstring. Finally, railings for the stairs are made, balusters and decorative elements are attached. Under the stairs for rational use You can equip lockers for various small items, a mezzanine and a dressing room.

In this article, you learned about the basic terms that are used in the manufacture of stairs, learned to calculate such parameters as the height and angle of inclination of the stairs, the width of steps and the height of risers, and also became familiar with the main materials that are used to make stairs. In any case, the ability to design a practical, reliable and comfortable staircase You will definitely need it for your home.

If a private house has more than one floor, you cannot do without a staircase. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, you need to pay attention not only to the dimensions and how much space it takes up in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then a hand-made staircase to the second floor will not only be a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but you can do it.

Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house

All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and others decorative stones, and often use combinations of these materials. But most often, the staircase to the second floor is made from wood, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.

In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. IN open stairs There is only a horizontally located part - the step itself; in closed ones there is also a vertical part - the riser.

Design standards

When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of elevation:

The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the selected riser height. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the elevation angle 40°. From the table we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. Divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.

If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.

When choosing the size of the steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and riser is optimally equal to 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.

All these parameters must be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from what is there and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.

Spiral staircase

As already mentioned, a spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least amount of space. But it has a serious drawback: it is uncomfortable to walk on, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.

Calculation features

When designing a spiral staircase, it must be taken into account that in some positions there are other steps above your head. Therefore, it will not be possible to make small risers.

The next feature is that the steps are all unequal in width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part is attached to the central support (post), the wide part is attached to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide part should not be more than 40 cm.

The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. The entire structure is doubled - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.

Prefabricated column design

This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements- steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.

If we look in more detail, then except metal pipe(in this case with a diameter of 40 mm), steps and balusters (available in any design) there are turned wooden cylinders(segments), which specify the distance from one step to another.

On the other hand, the distance between the steps is maintained using cuts on the balusters. The steps are attached to these grooves (with glue + fasteners).

Do-it-yourself installation of a staircase to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. A hole equal to the diameter of the pillar is made in the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on the enlarged washer, and tighten the nut. Further assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, and in parallel with the installation of the step, a baluster is placed and secured. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.

The steps are cut from laminated boards or furniture board. You can use solid wood, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a humidity of no more than 8-12%. Although laminated wood is considered more reliable: it will definitely not be damaged and will not crack when dried.

For an example of assembling such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated pole, but you can also use a solid one, although assembling the steps will be inconvenient - you will have to climb the stairs every time.

The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are familiar with welding, this option will be easier.

Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options

With or without railings - the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to execute. Forged twisted staircases are a classic of the genre.

Marching staircase to the second floor

Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology for their construction has long been proven. There are few specific features of the calculation. It is important to decide on the number of marches. One section should have from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient ones have 11-13 pieces. If according to calculations it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are multiples of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.

Kinds

Stairs with landings take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, turns are added. The most common option is to place the staircase at the corners of two adjacent walls. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Just one thing: the section with winder steps is the most dangerous. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.

As they said earlier, flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terives (simply inclined beam). Attaching steps to string beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are also nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but quite controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the entire staircase is made of wood, metal parts are very “cutting” to the eye. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, if the boards for the steps are thick enough and the string is wide enough, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may jump out of the grooves.

Assembling steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut the stringers.

This is a staircase on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly

Installation of a flight of stairs with step-by-step photos

Stringers are made from wide boards 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no solid dry board, you can use glued ones. How to calculate the stringer is described in the form, but you can assemble the staircase to the second floor not only as a free-standing one.

An example of assembling a staircase on stringers against a wall is below. First we fasten support pillars, on which they will rely winder steps. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.

Then we install the lower ones. We attach the stringer near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to clean and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.

We attach the lower stringers - one to the post, the second to the finishing board

Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.

The installation of steps begins. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put them in place, drill a hole for the screw, then tighten it.

The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case they are made of stainless pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster into which a tube is inserted and fixed with a pin or any other available method.

Photos of interesting marching stairs to the 2nd floor

Metal and glass - interesting combination Interesting idea, and at the end there is a pantry