How to get a large onion from a set. Costs and income

Onions are best grown in beds, while greenhouses are often built for green onions. Focusing on 2 acres of land for cultivation, we buy about 1.5 kg of seeds, based on the calculation of 700-800 grams per one hundred square meters.

To grow onions, you need a sunny place (the soil should warm up quickly), in extreme cases - partial shade, but definitely do not plant it in a lowland.

Ways to grow onions

There are three bow methods. The first and most rarely used is vegetative, with the help of which a turnip is grown, skipping seed reproduction.

In the second case, onions are an annual crop, grown from seeds in the first year. Onions can also be grown from sets. This is a perennial culture. This means that thick seeding is first done, resulting in onion sets, which then serve as planting material.

Each of these methods has its pros and cons. For example, onion sets have the shortest growing season (80-90 days) and ripen earlier, it is less prone to disease.

Another method gives good harvest, and the onion itself is dense and well stored in winter. This method is good for northern regions with a short summer.

If you grow onions from seeds, then you do not have to spend time and money on growing sevka, and you do not risk losing it during winter storage.

Onion growing technology - preparation

How to prepare seeds. Before sowing the seeds, you need to check them for germination. To do this, they need to be filled with water, shaken and remove all those that float. Before sowing, the seeds wrapped in gauze are immersed for 15 minutes in hot water(45-50 degrees), and after that one more - into the cold. After that, the seeds are wrapped in a cloth moistened with warm water, and left like that for a day, after which the seeds should spend another two days in water at room temperature.

How to prepare the soil. Having decided onions, remember that it takes root best on slightly alkaline and neutral soils, which means that acidic soil will first have to be limed. The site itself must begin to prepare in the fall. You will need to add 1-2 buckets of humus to the soil (you can use rotted compost) and fertilizers such as nitrophoska, superphosphate and wood ash (one tablespoon each).

Crop rotation. Another nuance is that it is ideal to plant onions after tomatoes, potatoes, legumes and cabbage. But growing onions where it has already grown for at least three years is not worth it. Also try not to plant onions after carrots, cucumbers and garlic.

Planting and caring for onions

Onion planting depth - 2 centimeters, distance between rows - 15 cm, and in the row itself, the distance between germinated plants should be one and a half centimeters. After that, the onion will need to be thinned. To make a set, 3-5 cm is left between plants, for bulbs - 12 cm. It is not necessary to spud onions. Onions should be sown as early as possible, since gatherings can withstand even frosts of -5 degrees.

It is necessary to water the onion once every 2-3 days until shoots appear.. And then you can move on to watering once a week. You need to stop watering the onions a month before harvesting, then the bulbs will ripen better.

Do not forget to also fertilize onions 1-3 times during the entire growing season.. When growing onions, be prepared to deal with pests. You will need a teaspoon of copper sulfate, diluted in 10 liters of water with the addition of liquid soap(1 tablespoon). This solution is used for spraying feathers and protects well from the fungus. On the square meter you need half a liter of solution.

Cleaning and harvest

You need to start harvesting onions when the leaves begin to dry out a little. The collected bulbs are dried in a dry room and only then the feathers are cut off, keeping the neck 2-4 cm long. It is desirable to store onions at a temperature of 0 ... +1 degrees. At proper care onion yield reaches 200-400 kg per hundred square meters.

Costs and income

Investments in such a business are small: for seeds, fertilizers, necessary tools you will need about 5 thousand rubles. Being engaged in self-realization of the crop or simply selling it in bulk to a store or restaurant, you can get 30-40 thousand rubles from two acres of land.

It should be noted that growing onion will allow you not only to provide yourself with this useful vegetable but also earn some money. And in the future it can be expanded.

Growing onion sets from seeds is a simple process, rather requiring some knowledge and experience. Novice gardeners grow onions by buying planting material at the "luminaries" of the onion business - grandmothers in the market. The experience of which is so huge that it allowed the cultivation of sevka to turn into profitable business. And if it takes a certain amount of time to acquire skills, then you can learn something new right now.

The seed material must be fresh, harvested last year (each extra year of storage reduces germination by 50%). It is better to buy nigella in advance, at least a month before planting, and immediately determine its quality. To do this, conduct such a test. 20 seeds are counted, wrapped in several layers of wet cloth, placed on a saucer and placed in plastic bag. To obtain seedlings, a warm place and periodic moistening are necessary. After 10 days, counting the hatched seeds, determine the percentage of germination. 75% - good indicator, from 50 to 30%, more dense sowing will be required, if live seeds are less than 30%, then it is better to replace the planting material.

Seed preparation begins a few days before sowing. First, they are heated for 20 minutes in water heated to 50 degrees, after which they are cooled for 2-3 minutes under running water. If preliminary disinfection has not been carried out (the manufacturer places this information on the packaging), then it must be carried out independently.

Most often, the seeds are soaked for 1 day in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, where they are not only freed from fungal diseases, but also receive additional nutrition. For the same purpose, you can use a solution of one of the fungicides: “Kvadris”, “Alyette”, “Fundazol”, “Ridomil”. It is very useful to use a growth stimulator.

Soaking in "Ekopin" for 3 hours awakens onion seeds, reduces the germination period by several days, heals injuries, and accelerates the penetration of water to the embryo. After that, the seed material is wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in a warm place. Inspection is done every day. The appearance of sprouts in 3-5% of the seeds indicates that they are ready for sowing.

For convenience, they are dried to a loose state. Those who have already had to sow onions know its ability to “get lost” against the background of black earth. Planting it evenly will help such a simple trick - powdering with chalk during drying.

Video “How to grow”

From the video you will learn how to grow onion sets from seeds.

We prepare seedlings

Growing onion seedlings is much more profitable and efficient if:

• you have little landing space (savings will be 25%);
• you use expensive varietal seeds (they will need 3 times less);
• it is necessary to grow onions of peninsular and sweet varieties with long term vegetation;
• you want to grow record harvest with minimal cost forces.

Start growing seedlings in early February. To do this, you need a warm greenhouse or low boxes filled with fertile soil. Seeds are planted at a distance of 4-6 cm from each other. Pre-emergence temperature environment should be 18-25 degrees, then it must be reduced to 14-16 so that the seedlings do not stretch. After 2 months, when 3-4 true leaves have formed, the seedlings can be planted in open ground. If you do not have a greenhouse, and there is little free space on the windowsill, you can plant onions in a compact “snail”. To do this, we pour fertile soil with a layer of 1 cm on a tape from a laminate substrate 10 cm wide and 1 m long.

At a distance of 2 cm from the edge, we lay out the seeds with tweezers in 2 cm increments. Then we turn the tape into a roll and fasten it with an elastic band. “Snail” is placed in a container, watered and covered with polyethylene to maintain humidity. It is worth trying this method to grow a very interesting onion, which will be discussed below.

Onion varieties

With the help of seedlings, you can get giant bulbs (up to 1 kg) Dutch variety“Exhibition”, unusually sweet and tasty. In one season, you can grow a full-fledged turnip from nigella, providing normal conditions for early varieties: Odintsovets, Chalcedony, Shaman, Centaur, Olina. For winter crops suitable varieties Siberian annual and Agro winter, characterized by increased cold resistance. Sevok is grown for such high-yielding varieties like Stuttgarten Riesen, Centurion.

Planting onions in spring

In the spring, nigella is planted as early as possible. To do this, it is better to prepare the bed in the fall - fertilize with humus, dig up and level it. Before planting, superphosphate, nitroammophoska, 1 tablespoon and a handful are added to 1 m2 of soil wood ash. Seeds are planted to a depth of 1.5-2 cm. Onions are planted in two ways - with six-line ribbons or scattered.

Method 1. sharp end choppers carry out shallow grooves at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other and sow seeds with a distance of 1 - 1.5 cm. Onions planted in rows are easy to loosen and break through.

Method 2. With the help of a rake, the earth is slightly raked to the edges of the bed, the seeds are scattered, keeping a distance of 1.5 cm, sprinkled with earth, gaining it around the edges, and lightly tamped. With this planting, the bulbs ripen the same size.

Planted onions are mulched on top with a 1-centimeter layer of compost or peat, watered from a watering can with a fine mesh and covered with a film until germination. For delicate sprouts, it is very important that upper layer remained loose and the ground moist. In places where the onion has grown very densely, it is thinned out when the plant has formed 2 leaves.

The beds must be kept clean, the bulbs oppressed by weeds grow small. If the weather is dry in May-June, the onions are watered 1-2 times a week. In July, watering is stopped. They start harvesting when the tops turn yellow and die. The dug sevok is freed from the remnants of the leaves and laid out in the sun for ripening.

Sowing onions before winter

Podzimnaya planting onions is not much different from the spring. The beds can be used those in which a lot of organic matter was introduced for previous crops. It can be cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, legumes. Planting material before winter is not soaked. Since the nigella begins to germinate at a temperature of +2 degrees, it is sown before the onset of stable frosts.

Considering that part of the onion may not sprout (it will freeze or rot during a long cold and damp spring), it is better to increase the number of seeds sown. When shoots appear, they are thinned out, leaving 5 cm between plants. Onions grown in this way will ripen 10 days earlier. You can get a small onion in the same way as growing onion sets from seeds during spring sowing, leaving 1-1.5 cm between shoots.

Sevok on greens

Large sevok goes to the greens. During spring planting, a dry neck is cut off from the bulbs and soaked in warm 30-35 degrees water for 1 day (this will shorten the forcing period by 5-7 days). If the same requirements remain for fertility, then they are much lower for lighting. On greens, onions can be planted in partial shade.

Seeds are planted with multi-line tapes with minimum distance in a line of 1 cm and a row spacing of 20 cm. In addition, the bridge planting method is used, when the bulbs are planted like cobblestones on the pavement, almost close. The duration of growing greens is 25-30 days. Harvest when the leaf length reaches 30-40 cm.

Winter plantings are carried out using one of the methods described above, but the crops are covered from above with an eight-centimeter layer of manure or humus, which is removed in the spring.

A green feather from a set is obtained even in winter. It is interesting to get acquainted with the experience of Valery Medvedev, who grows vegetables all year round.

In order to grow green onion on the windowsill, you will need a box, sawdust and planting material - large onion-sevok.

tree sawdust hardwood Pour in boiling water, let cool and drain off excess water. The box is filled 2/3 and the bulbs are tightly laid. The remaining sawdust fills the gaps and creates a thin top layer.

For irrigation use a solution of saltpeter - 3-5 grams per 1 liter of water. It takes 25 days to mature.

Video “Sevok on the greens”

From the video you will learn how to grow onions on greens.

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Onions are a vegetable that almost every summer resident grows. In cooking, these sweet or spicy fruits are simply indispensable, because in some recipes, onions are the main ingredient. Before planting seeds suburban area and harvest a good harvest, you need to know what kind of soil the onion likes, what temperature is suitable for planting seedlings in open ground, and how to properly plant the onion crop in order to enjoy high yields at the end of the season. Let's look at each stage separately, perhaps starting with the soil and its autumn preparation.

Soil preparation for spring planting

Before you get busy land works, you need to choose a place for planting small bulbs. As many gardeners know, bulbs love heat and light, in the shade the plant will quickly wither and the fruits will be small, so when choosing a site, give preference to beds in the middle of the garden, next to which trees do not grow and there are no buildings. Did you find such a place? Great, now you need to check if the soil in the garden is suitable for growing onions. For this, it is better to use litmus paper. She will determine the type of soil in no time. It will be very good if your soil is sandy or sandy. It is in it that the onion develops a powerful root system and is able to ripen faster before harvesting.

In autumn, the bed for onions should be fertilized with overripe manure or ash. These components contain many nutrients, therefore, it is desirable to introduce humus per 1 sq m 6 kg of fertilizer. Dig the entire bed to a depth of 20 cm, not forgetting to remove weeds and other debris that will come across during digging. After fertilizing, level the topsoil with a rake and leave it alone until spring.

Attention! Garden preparation important point, it is from this operation that the yield of fruits depends.

In the spring, as soon as the snow melts and you can go out into the garden, it is recommended to re-dig the area under the onion so that useful material evenly distributed over the top layer of the earth. Now it remains to prepare the onions for planting, wait optimal temperature warming up the soil, planting crops in open ground and caring for the plant to obtain a juicy, large crop.

Planting material preparation

Do not rush to plant onions in the spring, because in order for the seedling to germinate to be almost 100%, you need to sort out and treat the onions with special solutions that will protect the crop from diseases and pests. So, first sort out low-quality planting material, removing all damaged, dry and diseased specimens. Distribute a good seed in diameter into different piles. This will allow you to produce uniform turnip cultivation.

After sorting, hold each group for about three days at a temperature of 35 degrees, if this is not possible, then simply ignite the onion for about 4 hours at 40 degrees in the oven. Processing onions before planting thus activates metabolic processes and improve germination. After drying, transfer the seedlings to the diluted fertilizer for 1/3 of the day, then dip the seedlings in a weak solution of manganese for 5-10 minutes, rinse the onions under running water and you can safely plant the bow on an unprotected surface.

How to plant an onion on a turnip

You have already done the basic procedures, prepared the sowing and dug up the garden bed. Now it's time to plant the onion in open ground. In order for the planting process to be successful and soon juicy green feathers appear on the beds, you need to choose the time when the soil warms up to 12 degrees and will be able to accept the "residents". Usually, spring planting falls in the third decade of April or in the first decade of May. For agriculture, it is better to choose cloudy, dry weather and you need to start with land plot. You already know how to prepare a bed for sowing, it remains only to make holes or grooves and plant planting material. In the first and second options, it is important to observe the following rules:

• the distance from sevka to sevka should be at least 15 cm;
• row spacing should not exceed 30 cm;
• seedling planting depth is 7-10 cm.

After planting, be sure to water the beds with settled water. room temperature. If you planted the seedlings too close, then after a while thin out the rows, otherwise the plant will not have enough nutrients during the growing season, the growth of the bulbs will noticeably worsen and it is likely that root system the turnips will get tangled up with each other.

Planting onions in July

If you want to harvest onions twice during the summer, we recommend that you plant a second set in July. However, this option is only suitable for southern cities, where the summer time ends in the middle or end of September. In order for the onion to grow, you need to use only early maturing varieties, which will just finish ripening by the end of August. How to plant onions in July? Just like in May. The soaked sevok is sown in the prepared recesses and after the appearance of the leaves, the usual care of the plant begins.

Sowing seeds

It is known that onions perennial, so you can get a turnip only in the second or third year. However, some gardeners buy sets and grow onions in one season. Other summer residents grow onions by planting seeds in the ground, this process delays the harvest, but you can grow high-quality seedlings that will bring next year large fruits onion heads. Seeds are also recommended to be processed before planting, and we will now find out how to do this correctly.

First, soak the seeds in warm water for a day. Soaking onions in a handy container before planting will help you sort out empty seeds. It is they who will be on the surface of the bowl, and the good ones will settle to the bottom of the dish. After 24 hours, drain the water from the container along with the floating seeds, they will definitely not be useful to us, because there will be no benefit from them. Transfer the rest of the planting material to gauze or cotton fabric, put it in the shade until crumbly. Then treat the seeds with a solution of manganese and dry again. Onion seeds are ready for planting.

Attention! If there was no manganese, and you don’t know what to soak the onion in before planting, use blue vitriol by dissolving the crystals in water.

For sowing seeds, make grooves on the bed, 2-4 cm deep. Leave the distance between rows from 10 to 30 cm. Then pour the recesses abundantly hot water to carry out antibacterial tillage and sow the seeds at a distance of 1-3 cm from each other. Pour the bed again with water at room temperature, cover it with a film. After the appearance of the first leaves, the need for shelter will disappear.

Onion care in the open field

How to properly care for this plant, they know basically experienced gardeners, but we want to remind you once again what care is. First of all, the beam needs moisture, so water it once a week with plenty of settled water. If the summer turned out to be dry, then increase watering up to two times in 7 days. In general, make sure that the ground is always slightly moistened and then problems with growing onions will not begin. After each "water" procedure, loosen the top layer of soil so as not to disturb the breathability. Remember to remove weeds and treat onions with blue vitriol to prevent infection with fungal and viral diseases. For the entire growing season, feed the plant three times with organic or mineral fertilizers.

Attention! In July, watering is gradually reduced so that the onions have time to ripen by harvest.

Chinese way of growing bulbs

Planting onions Chinese way became popular only because of the high yield of fruits, whose sizes can break all records. First of all, prepare the beds, or rather the ridges. Raise each row by 15-20 cm, leave a distance of at least 30 cm between the rows. Now prepare the material for planting, for this, spread the seedlings on a baking sheet in one layer and heat it in the oven for 12 hours at a temperature of 40 degrees. Then remove the husk from the set, cut off the dry neck and soak the material in warm water for a day. How to soak onions before planting for better germination? In water with slurry. Such a solution will saturate the seedlings with nitrogen, and the plant will grow better. Then you can plant onions in the ground.

To know when to plant onions Chinese method, it is necessary to distribute the onions into fractions before processing the seedlings. The first group, which has not reached a diameter of 10 mm, is best planted before winter. The second - 15 mm, ideal for planting in the spring, namely in early April. The third - 20 mm, it is desirable to plant in early May, the rest of the sets are only suitable for forcing onions onto a feather.

The sevok has been prepared, now let's see how to plant onions in the Chinese way, and how to properly care for the seedlings so that there are large bulbs. Stick the onions into the moistened grooves 2-3 cm, sprinkle with earth and lightly tamp the top layer with your hands. Water the bed generously with water. Loosen the ground, resuming air circulation. It is advisable to carry out the procedure early in the morning, while the sun does not bake as much as during the day.

During cultivation, turnips will need simple care, which consists of weekly watering, removing weeds, loosening the soil, and fertilizing. It is also worth noting that three weeks before harvesting (usually this happens in July), gradually stop watering, free the turnip from the ground by half, and a week before harvesting, leave only the root system in the ground.